2024届中考英语题型 专题3.推理判断解题技巧

这是一份2024届中考英语题型 专题3.推理判断解题技巧，文件包含专题3推理判断解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关原卷版docx、专题3推理判断解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，cnclude, learn，intend，mean，describe，purpse 等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，culd，might, wuld 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如prbably，mst likely 等。
所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：
方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符合逻辑的结论。
陷阱： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述） = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆断）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
方法1 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
The best way t learn English is t have a gd envirnment. Take ntes in English, put English bks arund yur rm, listen t English radis, watch English news, mvies and TV prgrams. Speak English with yur friends whenever yu can. The mre English materials that yu have arund yu, the faster yu will learn it.
Many peple think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. Hwever, by ding exercises and taking tests yu can really imprve yur English. If yu never test yurself, yu will never knw hw much yu are making prgress.
Accrding t the passage, English exercises and tests are ______.
A. very necessaryB. nt helpful at all
C. very bringD. nt imprtant
方法2 观点态度判定法
观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。
What the primary schl in Fuzhu is ding is wrth praising. Ding chres can put a sense f respnsibility int students' minds and teach them the spirit f rules as well as teamwrk. Als, it can make students' in-schl experiences mre meaningful.
What des the writer think f ding chres?
A. He thinks it's a waste f time.
B. He thinks it's the parents' jb.
C. He can't understand.
D. He thinks it's gd fr students.
方法3 目的意图判定法
目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
There are 5 billin tns f plastic waste in the wrld. By 2050, they culd have 13 billin tns.
Much f plastic rubbish finds its way int the cean. Scientists say 165 millin tns f plastic pieces are flating (漂浮) arund ut there. It harms cean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the fd we eat.
Thugh it is hard wrk, it can be slved. In Britain, peple are nt allwed t use plastic bags except in hspitals. Sctland and several castal cities in the US stp peple frm using plastic straws as well.
The purpse f the passage is mainly t ______.
A. intrduce sme ways t recycle waste
B. tell readers abut the prblem with plastics
C. cmpare air pllutin and plastic pllutin
D. describe hw the US is reducing plastic waste
方法4 文章出处判定法
文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。
Have yu ever wanted t achieve a gal and ended up ding lts f research n hw t achieve it? As yu learned mre and mre, it seemed yu knew less and less. That is because when yu learned a new cncept (概念), yu fund that there was a lt mre t knw abut it.
Usually, peple think they need t get mre and mre infrmatin befre trying a new idea...
One f the best ways t learn is t take actin and learn frm the results...
Learning mre is great but if all yu're ding is learning and nt taking actin, it's time t change that. Just take the first step.
We can usually read the passage in ______.
A. a strybkB. a newspaper
C. an advertisementD. a guidebk
方法5 读者对象判定法
读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。
What can yu d with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)?
If smene is nt kind t yu, tell an adult that yu knw r like. Fr example, talk t a parent r a teacher.
If yu get bad messages, dn't reply. Yu shuld save them and give them t yur teacher, yur family, r the plice. Ask an adult fr help. Dn't share anything befre yu make sure it is true.
Say srry if yu are nt kind t smene. Yu can write a message r talk t the persn. And always remember: think abut hw t be kind in the future.
This passage is mainly written fr ______.
A. teachersB. parentsC. childD. the plice
方法6 写作目的判定法
目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
There are 5 billin tns f plastic waste in the wrld. By 2050, they culd have 13 billin tns.
Much f plastic rubbish finds its way int the cean. Scientists say 165 millin tns f plastic pieces are flating (漂浮) arund ut there. It harms cean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the fd we eat.
Thugh it is hard wrk, it can be slved. In Britain, peple are nt allwed t use plastic bags except in hspitals. Sctland and several castal cities in the US stp peple frm using plastic straws as well.
The purpse f the passage is mainly t ______.
A. intrduce sme ways t recycle waste
B. tell readers abut the prblem with plastics
C. cmpare air pllutin and plastic pllutin
D. describe hw the US is reducing plastic waste
方法7 论证方式判定法
论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。
The Internet f things may be cming sner than yu think. It is reprted that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yn spent a lt f time talking abut the Internet f things. He said that five years frm nw, every Samsung prduct will be part f the Internet f things, whether itˈs a washing machine r a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).
The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentined t prve(证明) that ____
A. Samsung prduced the Internet f things in the past.
B. The Internet f things will cme int ur daily life sner.
C. He spent a lt f time talking abut the Internet f things
D. Samsung prducts are part f the Internet f things.
方法8 篇章结构判定法
篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。
Arund the wrld, peple have different ideas abut what gd manners are.
When yu g t restaurants in different parts f the wrld, it’s imprtant t knw the right and wrng things t d. Fr example, in China, it’s OK t make a lt f nise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t nisy r lively, yu may think there’s smething wrng with it. Hwever, in many western cuntries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is t lud, ther peple in the restaurant might even cmplain t the wner f the restaurant.
Paying the bill is als different frm cuntry t cuntry. In China, ne persn usually pays fr everybdy. In western cuntries, ne persn pays when he r she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat tgether, they usually share the cst. This is called “Ging Dutch”. Als, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave sme mney fr the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thught t be plite. In the US, peple are expected t tip between 15%and 20%f the bill, which is decided by hw gd the service is. Gd waiters can make a lt f mney!
Different cuntries have different custms. When yu travel t anther cuntry, please fllw its custms, just as the saying ges “When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.”
If we put the passage int three parts, which f the fllwing is the best?
(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 )
A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
Cme n, Amy. Yu must TRY HARDER. Amy tld herself silently. She was in her class’ Secnd-Day-f-Schl Game with her teammates, whm she nly met yesterday. This was her first chance t make new friends, and she was nervus.
S far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestins—after all, she was ttally new t this twn. Luckily, n ne seemed t care abut it. This relaxed her a lt.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had wrked ut the first tw clues (线索) and had been t the pst ffice. Nw they were in frnt f the cinema.
Henry was reading alud the third clue: G t ur twn funder’s last resting place.
I knw THIS ONE! Amy thught, excited.
“T the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“N, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read abut it. The funder was buried near the library.”
“Ww. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Gd jb! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need t hurry,” Tyler reminded, pinting t the Yellw Team cming near.
“I knw a shrtcut!” Henry suggested. “Fllw me!” N ne mved.
“N, seriusly,” Henry said. “Yu knw I’m always running late. I knw every shrtcut in twn.” The thers finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue alud: Nw g t the place where the ftball is running arund!
“The ftball stadium!” They called ut tgether and started t run…
Nw they’d gt the final clue: Lk where yu’ve been, see where yu are. Use yur map wisely and yu’ll be a star!
Lking clsely at the map, everyne thught hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly brke the silence. She quickly tk ut a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines n the map, everyne understd.
They began running back t where they started. They were clser and clser, and finally crssed the finish line-just ne step behind the Red Team!
“S…clse…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed tgether.
“Nice jb, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hpe we’ll be n the same team sn.”
“Me, t,” Amy agreed, smiling.
1．What des the beginning f the stry tell us abut Amy?
A．She didn’t want t play the game.B．She was a new student in her class.
C．She was a member f the Red Team.D．She didn’t understand the game rules.
2．Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last?
A．He ran fastest in the team.B．They didn’t knw the way.
C．They trusted his rich experience.D．He was best at playing the game.
3．Where was the finish line f the game?
A．In the park.B．Next t the pst ffice.
C．In frnt f the cinema.D．Outside the library.
4．Why did Amy smile at the end f the stry?
A．Her team came in first.B．She was accepted as a friend.
C．She n lnger felt nervus.D．There wuld be a game sn.
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Plunk! I drpped anther pecan (山核桃) int my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew sme mre ff the tree. I ran t pick them up. Whew! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was nly half full.
I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me int the wds t pick up pecans fr us t enjy later. I wasn’t abut t let him dwn.
Then smething caught my eye: a squirrel picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared int a large hle. A mment later, the squirrel climbed dwn t the grund t pick anther pecan. Once again, he tk the pecan back t his secret hiding place inside the hllw (洞) f the tree.
Nt s secret anymre, I thught. I ran ver t the tree and fund the hllw was filled with sweet pecans. They were right there fr the taking. This was my chance. Handful by handful, I tk all the pecans frm the hllw. Nw the basket was full!
I was s prud f myself. I culdn’t wait t shw Grandpa all f the pecans I’d cllected.
“Lk, Grandpa,” I shuted, “lk at all f the pecans I fund!”
Grandpa tk a lk at my basket. “Well, well, hw did yu find s many, Jimmy?” I tld him hw I’d fllwed the squirrel and taken the pecans frm his hiding place. Grandpa cngratulated me n finding ut smething abut the squirrel’s habits. Then he did smething that surprised me. He handed the basket back t me and put his arm gently arund my shulders.
“That squirrel wrked very hard t cllect his winter fd,” he said. “Nw that all f his pecans are gne, dn’t yu think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cld?”
“I didn’t think abut that,” I said.
“I knw,” Grandpa said. “But a gd man shuld never take advantage f smene else’s hard wrk, even the squirrel’s.”
Suddenly I felt as hllw as that ld tree. The image (形象) f that hungry squirrel wuldn’t leave my mind. There was nly ne thing I culd d.
…
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why did the writer g t the wds at the beginning f the stry?
A．T pick up pecans.B．T catch little animals.
C．T feed the squirrels.D．T lk fr his grandpa.
2．The writer was prud f himself because ________.
A．he was praised by his grandpa
B．he fund ut his grandpa’s secret
C．he helped the squirrel in the hllw
D．he filled his basket with s many pecans
3．Which f the fllwing can best describe Grandpa?
A．Kind and wise.B．Caring and humrus.
C．Shy and friendly.D．Patient and hard-wrking.
4．What is the pssible ending t the stry?
A．The writer sent the pecans t his neighbrs.
B．The writer put all the pecans back int the hle.
C．The writer hid the pecans in his grandpa’s huse.
D．The writer enjyed all the pecans with his family.
5．What is the best title fr the text?
A．An unusual treeB．The stlen pecans
C．A smart squirrelD．The magic basket
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
Seiichi San, an 89-year-ld Japanese man, rides a wave at Katase Nishihama Beach, Thursday, March 30, 2023. He has been recgnized as the ldest male t surf（冲浪）by the Guinness Wrld Recrds.
But maybe he will just keep surfing. “I think it wuld be interesting t try t surf until I’m 100,” San said. “I think I take better care f myself when I have dreams like this. Even nw, I take better care f myself than I did befre.”
San said he gt the idea t try surfing frm a wrker at his lcal bank. The man’s skin was always dark and he did nt lk like a usual wrker. His secret t keep healthy and energetic, he said, was surfing. S, San fund a teacher.
San gets ut mst weekends n the black-sand beach. “I dn’t cnsider myself an ld man,” he said in his wet suit, bard standing next t him. “I have never thught f myself as an ld persn. I always feel that I can still mve frward. I can still d it. I can still enjy it.”
Several yung students wh als wrk with San’s surf teacher talked abut San.
“I think age desn’t matter in surfing,” a 12-year-ld surfer said.
“He is s amazing,” added his yunger brther.
“T be hnest, I was surprised by his age,” said San’s surfing teacher. “I was wrried that he wuld get hurt. I did nt knw hw fit he was.”
San still wrks 9-t-5 at his jb. Surfing helps make him less stressed. “Peple ften say that surfing is life itself,” he said. “I think it is true.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “recgnized” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Led.B．Given.C．Accepted.D．Cllected.
2．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________.
A．where San learnt t surfB．why San tried surfing
C．hw San planned t surfD．when San went surfing
3．Frm the wrds f the yung students and San’s surf teacher, we can infer ________.
A．they respect San very muchB．San’s age influences his surfing
C．they’re wrried abut San’s wrkD．San is ften hurt when practising
4．Accrding t the passage, we knw San ________.
A．is t ld t start surfingB．gets bred with surfing
C．feels stressed after surfingD．enjys a lt frm surfing
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
Warming temperatures and shrter winters might sund like the end f snw days. Hwever, rising temperatures may actually cause snwstrms t dump mre snw, says David Rbinsn. He is a prfessr at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.
Temperature change is ne f the greatest in Earth’s climate change ver a lng perid f time. It can happen naturally r because f human activities, such as burning gas and cal. Burning these fuels prduces carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and ther pllutants int the atmsphere, which hld heat in the atmsphere, leading t warmer glbal temperatures ver time.
But hw culd warmer temperatures lead t mre snw? T get snw, yu need misture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ r less), says Rbinsn. Withut misture in the air, there is n precipitatin (rain r snw). Rbinsn says there are signs that snwstrms are becming strnger. This is because f this cnnectin between misture and precipitatin.
“The warmer the air becmes, the mre misture it hlds. S, if it’s warming and still cld enugh t snw, yu can get mre snw,” Rbinsn says.
Of the 10 biggest snwfalls in D．C． regin, five happened in the past 25 years, accrding t the NWS. During that same time perid, average winter temperatures in D．C． increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.
Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shrter and less cld. But fr nw, the snw is still falling. One day, winter might nt have any days belw the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay abve freezing, snwstrms becme rain. Until then, we might cntinue t see strng strms.
Accrding t Rbinsn, that time culd cme sner than we think. He says, “When we lk back, years frm nw, we may see that this was the breaking pint.”
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Hw Earth’s climate changes.B．What causes rising temperatures.
C．What prduces carbn dixide.D．Hw pllutin influences climate.
2．What will the warming temperatures cause accrding t the text?
A．Less cal.B．Drier weather.
C．Lnger winters.D．Strnger snwstrms.
3．What is the purpse f paragraph 5?
A．T intrduce D．C．
B．T reprt the biggest 10 snwstrms.
C．T supprt Rbinsn’s ideas.
D．T shw the increase f temperatures.
4．What des Rbinsn think f the future warming temperatures?
A．Impssible.B．Serius.C．Meaningless.D．Amazing.
5．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A science magazine.B．A stry bk.
C．A science fictin.D．A travel guide.
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
A garden is much mre than just creating a beautiful envirnment. It can be a way t save r even make mney and, mre than that, it can be a place where yu can express yurself. Fr me, it’s a bit f all these things. I knw it may sund strange fr a 13-year-ld girl t be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I wuld lve t make a career (职业) ut f it.
I have learned many things these past few years. I have been reading abut and ding sme gardening. S, here is my tp advice abut gardening. First, yu d nt need t spend a lt f mney t have a beautiful garden. Sme f the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines f plants. There aren’t many garden decratins (装饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables. We can als find many useful things fr free, frm pieces f ld wd t ld pts and pans. Or, we can build things fr free frm materials that ther peple have thrwn away.
If yu just remember that planting what is mre than yu need will take the stress away f lsing sme plants, yu will save yurself a lt f wrry, t. Besides, yu need t ask yurself which plants prduce enugh fd t make them wrth grwing. I actually sat dwn and did the maths n that ne this spring. It amazed me what sme plants were wrth. A tmat, fr example, can prduce £50-£150 wrth f fruit. It takes up a lt f space but that’s a lt f mney cming ut f a 50-pence seed (种子)! S if I had knwn earlier what each plant culd save us, I wuld have tld my parents t fill ur garden with different plants.
And finally, gardening desn’t have t be all r nthing. But then I guess that’s mre f a persnality weakness than anything. I struggle with ding things a little at a time. Once I decide t d smething, I usually devte every waking hur t it fr a little while and then get tired. S it’s kay t just have ne tmat plant, and it’s kay t have an ff year. It will save yu a lt f stress.
1．What des the writer want t tell us abut gardening in paragraph 1?
A．The gardeners can make much mney.
B．It’s just abut creating a beautiful place.
C．The mst imprtant is t express yurself.
D．It means different things t different peple.
2．Hw wuld the writer describe her favrite garden?
A．Simple.B．Expensive.C．Magic.D．Creative.
3．What advice des the writer give us abut gardening?
A．Use what we can find arund us.B．Try t make a career ut f it.
C．Ask ther gardeners t give help.D．Spend as much time as we can.
4．What can we learn abut the writer’s gardening experience?
A．She wants t grw everything.
B．She did everything right.
C．She has a lt f fun in ding it.
D．She needs t wrk harder.
5．What des the underlined wrd “devte” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Waste.B．Spend.C．Change.D．Cunt.
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
Yu stand in a garden. A lw nise reaches yur ears. Yu see a small insect flying near yur head. Yu turn t lk, and it flies ut f sight. There it is again! Yu mve slwly. Yu can see yellw and black stripes n it.
Is it a bee? It lands n a flwer, and yu take a clser lk.
Bees fld(折叠) their wings nt their backs when they stp flying. But this insect’s wings reach ut like a fly’s. That’s because it is a fly—a flwer fly.
Many flwer flies lk like bees. This helps keep them safe frm animals that may want t eat them. Insects with yellw and black stripes usually have stingers(刺). Insect eaters, such as sme birds and frgs, need t get stung nly nce t knw that stripes mean truble. Flwer flies can’t sting, but insect eaters see the stripes and leave the flies alne.
Flwer flies spend mst f their time lking fr fd. Like bees, flwer flies eat pllen(花粉) and nectar(花蜜). This makes them easy t find in a garden full f flwers. They are helpful garden insects just like bees. Adult flwer flies mve pllen frm ne flwer t anther, which helps sme flwers grw int fruit.
Flwer flies can stay in ne place while flying. Mst insects mve frward when they fly. But flwer flies can twist their wings, much like hummingbirds d. Twisting keeps them in ne place, s they can remain ver flwers, leaves, r even yu!
1．In which part f a magazine can we prbably see this passage?
A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Fashin.D．Health.
2．In which way are bees and flwer flies different?
A．The fd that they eat.B．The clur f their stripes.
C．The way they help garden flwers grw.D．The shape f wings when they stp flying.
3．What des the underlined phrase “leave the flies alne” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make friends with the flies.B．Eat the flies up.
C．Keep away frm the flies.D．Invite the flies in.
4．What might the writer f the passage agree with?
A．Peple usually prefer bees t flwer flies.
B．Peple smetimes mistake flwer flies fr bees.
C．Peple shuld stp birds eating bees and flwer flies.
D．Peple shuld have beautiful gardens in their neighburhd.
（2023·北京·统考中考真题）
When cnsidering the kind f experience that makes life better, mst peple first think that happiness depends n experiencing pleasure: gd fd, gd jbs, all the cmfrts that mney can buy. If we culdn’t have these, we might as well sit in frnt f the televisin n a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an imprtant part f the quality f life, but by itself it desn’t bring happiness. When peple think further abut what makes a wrthy life, they tend (倾向于) t mve beynd pleasant memries and begin t remember ther events, ther experiences that verlap (有重叠) pleasurable nes but fall int a grup with a separate name: enjyment. Enjyable events take place when peple have nt nly satisfied a need r met sme earlier expectatin, but als achieved smething unexpected.
Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement. Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had. Nne f these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back n them afterwards, we wuld say, “That really was fun” and wish they wuld happen again. After an enjyable event we knw that we have changed, and grwn.
Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different. Fr example, everybdy takes pleasure in eating. Hwever, t enjys fd is mre difficult — yu have t pay enugh attentin t a meal, s as t sense and tell its varius tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin. A persn can feel pleasure withut any effrt, as lng as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impssible t enjy a tennis game r a bk withut full attentin. It’s fr this reasn that pleasure des nt last lng, nr des it make us grw. Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Withut enjyment, life will g n, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily n luck and the external (外部的) envirnment. T achieve persnal cntrl ver the quality f experience, hwever, we need t learn hw t build enjyment int what happens day in, day ut.
1．Yu will mst prbably experience enjyment when yu ________.
A．buy expensive shesB．rder a delicius meal
C．talk with friends fr new ideasD．sit quietly in frnt f a televisin
2．What d yu knw abut pleasure and enjyment frm the passage?
A．Enjyment grws ut f pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjyment cme hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part f enjyable nes.
D．Sme experiences prvide bth pleasure and enjyment.
3．The wrds “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are clsest in meaning t ________.
A．attentinB．interestC．abilityD．knwledge
4．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stps peple frm achieving grwth
B．feeling enjyment cmes with achieving grwth
C．a wrthy life depends n luck and envirnment
D．pleasure is the key t a happy and wrthy life
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
Peple believe that every wrd has its crrect meaning(s). When we are nt sure, we usually check nline, r turn t ur teachers r dictinaries. But d yu knw hw dictinaries were made in the past?
Dictinary writers first read the imprtant bks f the perid r the subject that the dictinary was abut. As they read, they cpied necessary infrmatin n cards: interesting wrds, cmmn wrds—bth in their daily uses and unusual uses, and als the sentences where they were used. That is t say, the wrds, alng with the uses f each wrd, were cllected. Fr a really big dictinary, millins f such cards were cllected. This task culd last fr years. As the cards were cllected, they were put in alphabetical rder (A—Z). When this was dne, there wuld be several hundred cards fr each single wrd.
Then, t define (定义) a wrd, the dictinary writer placed its hundreds f cards befre him. He read the cards clsely, threw away sme, read the rest again, and divided up the cards accrding t what he thught were the cmmn uses f the wrd. Finally, he wrte the definitins, fllwing the hard-and-fast rule: each definitin must cme frm an example n a certain card in frnt f him.
S, the writing f a dictinary was nt a task f inventing meanings f wrds, but a task f recrding their meanings. The writer f a dictinary was a histrian, nt a law maker.
As time develps, the way f prducing dictinaries has greatly changed. Nwadays, we can use nline dictinaries t. When chsing ur wrds in speaking r writing, we can be guided by the dictinary. Hwever, we cannt be cntrlled by it, because new situatins, new experiences, new inventins, and new feelings, are always pushing us t give new uses t ld wrds.
1．Why did dictinary writers read imprtant bks?
A．T knw mre abut the perid.B．T cllect wrds and their uses.
C．T understand different subjects.D．T learn t use interesting wrds.
2．Which shws the crrect steps f hw dictinaries were made in the past?

A．①-③-④-②B．①-②-④-③C．③-④-②-①D．③-①-④-②
3．What can we learn frm the passage abut dictinary writing in the past?
A．It shuld be dne by histrians.B．It was a task f inventing and recrding.
C．It was lng-time hard wrk.D．It had t use the law-making rules.
4．What des the writer advise us t d when we chse wrds in cmmunicatin?
A．Be pen t the new uses f wrds.B．Fllw the dictinary strictly.
C．Use nline dictinaries instead.D．Try t create new wrds.
（2023·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）
The Animal “Wrkers”
Jay, a 23-year-ld man wearing an animal cstume（戏服）, was giving ut advertisement cards n the street. Jay was wrking s hard t make mre peple visit his stre. Nt nly human sciety, but animal sciety als has such a grup f animal “wrkers”. They either perfrm tasks, r dress themselves up, r just use their cuteness t bring in mney fr the cmpany. Fr example, the Call Duck Café（柯尔鸭咖啡厅）draws the attentin f a large number f turists with Call Ducks’ cute appearance. Each duck interests a lt f guests every day. They can be tuched r have their pictures taken with the guests.
Owl（猫头鹰）Cafes have becme ppular in Japan in recent years. Hwever, wls sleep during the day and are active at night. Making them wrk against their bilgical clck with be harmful t them.
Many animals die because they are tired and full f fear. But there are still many peple using their cuteness and life t make mney.
The aim f Animal Cafes is certainly t bring in mre mney but they shuld cnsider the well-being f these lvely animals.
Please give these cute animals a right t “nt wrk”.
1．What is the purpse f mentining Jay in paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce the tpic f the passage.B．T cmpare human sciety with animal sciety.
C．T give infrmatin f Call Ducks.D．T describe an interesting stry f animals.
2．Hw d the writer talk abut animals cafes?
A．By giving numbers.B．By asking questins.
C．By giving reasns.D．By giving examples.
3．Which f the fllwing wrds has the same meaning as the underlined wrd?
A．Health.B．Luck.C．Wealth.D．Fashin.
4．What is the writer’s pinin abut animal “wrkers”?
A．He desn’t like them.B．He believes they are useless.
C．He wrries abut their health.D．He thinks they shuld wrk harder.
（2023·山东临沂·统考中考真题）
Shanghai's First “Frest Library”
On February 20th, 2023, the first “frest library” in Shanghai pened t the public. It’s knwn as Read & Jy Frest. Nw readers can relax and read in a natural envirnment.
The “frest library” was started by Pudng New Area and Shanghai Library. It is in a green space area near Shanghai Library East, which pened in September, 2022. With an area f 20, 546 square meters, it allws visitrs t take an enjyable walk in the quiet frest.
The library is in the pen air. It is designed t keep the frest as it is. T prtect the frest, all the green spaces are cnnected by wden walk ways. It ffers many benches(长凳) and an infrmatin bth(亭) .
“It’s nt nly a place fr lending bks, r a reading rm, but als an pen space fr enjying fresh air and the smell f trees. It ffers different reading experiences t readers,” says Chen Cha, directr f Shanghai Library. Mst f the visitrs t the “frest library” are yung peple and parents with their children. They enjy reading in the wds r taking a walk in the frest.
If yu are lking fr such a place away frm busy wrld, then yu must g there t enjy reading utdrs.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．The first “frest library” in Shanghai pened t the public _______.
A．in September, 2022B．in February, 2023C．in September, 2023
2．What are mentined abut the “frest library” in this passage?
A．Size, lcatin, envirnment and activities peple can d there.
B．Size, lcatin, the number f bks and activities peple can d there.
C．Lcatin, envirnment, the number f bks and activities peple can d there.
3．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?(P=Paragraph)
A．B．C．
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）
At the age f 73, Chen Shaqin frm Beijing has shwn the wrld hw life shuld be lived.
Althugh she nly had a middle schl educatin, Chen began studying English at the age f 40 and passed a cllege entrance exam, making herself frm a factry wrker t a white-cllar clerk in an internatinal trade cmpany. Chen cntinued t study art after retirement(退休) and finally became an art guide at the age f 67. Over the past five years, she has guided visitrs at an art center fr three days a week, ttaling 3,500 hurs.
Frm an ld lady wh knew nthing abut mdern art t a vlunteer guide, Chen’s hard wrk and lve fr learning have encuraged many peple. She said that she must cntinue t learn because she did nt understand that. As a guide, she is able t attend prfessinal training curses and has the chances t learn frm artists and curatrs (馆长), which gives her encuragement t cntinue.
Chen has guided many exhibitins ver the years, including thse f famus artists like Zeng Fanzhi, Xu Bing, Qiu Zhijie and Pabl Picass. She believes that every tur is a beautiful jurney and a new chance t learn and be mved. Her effrt f learning and her ability t mix many subjects have made her an excellent guide. After turning 73 this year, she believes that the width f ne’s life can be expanded (扩展) thrugh self-imprvement and learning.
Chen Shaqin is a best example that anyne can find their passin (热爱) and then learn, grw and share with thers.
1．Hw ld was Chen Shaqin when she started learning English?
A．73.B．40.C．67.
2．Chen Shaqin finally became _________ after retirement.
A．an artistB．a curatrC．an art guide
3．What can we learn frm Chen Shaqin?
A．It’s never t ld t learn.B．A gd friend is like a mirrr.C．Failure is the mther f success.
4．Where is this passage prbably taken frm?
A．A curse plan.B．A website.C．A dictinary.
Chen Shaqin, a vlunteer n art, guides visitrs at an art center in Beijing n March 8. [Pht by WANGWEI/fr China Daily]