2024届中考英语题型 专题5.主旨大意解题技巧

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主旨大意题
方法：主旨大意分为大意类和标题类以及段落大意。 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①主题句是主旨大意的体现，因此识别每段主题句，然后归纳。 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②看首段和尾端 = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③看文中出现最多的词
陷阱： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①注意以偏概全不能选 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②范围太大不能选 = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③注意段落大意，看清段落不要误选
方法1 文章大意总结法
文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。
When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west.
Anna Scheen, frm the Netherlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present t her Chinese friends fr the first time. "They refused t accept it tw r three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't pen it. They just tk it and put it away. After that, I never heard abut it again. They never mentined whether they liked it r nt." she said.
In the west, it is plite t pen a wrapped (包装好的) gift in frnt f the giver and say thanks. Hwever, the situatin is different in China. Peple usually pen the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in frnt f the giver is regarded as implite.
The main idea f the passage is abut ______.
A. the different rules f accepting presents
B. hw t give a gift in China
C. hw t chse a gd gift
D. the western rules f accepting gifts
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义 A. 接受礼物的不同规则B. 如何在中国送礼物C. 如何选择好的礼物D. 西方接受礼物的规则；
Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和第三段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。；
Step3：结合段落大意总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述不同的接受礼物的规则；
Step4：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落大意，C项不符合文意，正确答案为A。
方法2 段落大意总结法
段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的理解归纳能力。
Nate Rbinsn is unlike any ther player in the NBA. This player is the shrtest in the NBA, but he is ne f the mst fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. "In NBA, he lks like a furth-grader amng a grup f high schl students." accrding t The Atlantic.
Hw can he cmpete(竞争) with them？...
Paragraph 1 f the reprt mainly talks abut _____.
A. hw great Nate Rbinsn is
B. hw Nate Rbinsn is unlike any ther player
C. hw fearless Nate Rbinsn is
D. wh Nate Rbinsn is
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：根据题干设问可知本题考点段落大意，选项含义 A. 内特·罗宾逊有多棒B. 内特·罗宾逊是如何不同于其他球员的C. 内特·罗宾逊是多么无畏D. 内特·罗宾逊是谁
Step2：通读理解第一段：内特·罗宾逊不同于NBA中的任何其他球员。这位球员是NBA中最矮的，但他是最无畏的球员之一。他身高1.75米。据《大西洋月刊》报道，“在NBA，他看起来就像一群高中生中的四年级学生。”；
Step3：概括段落大意：结合第一段理解及Nate Rbinsn is unlike any ther player in the NBA．可知，内特罗宾逊与NBA其他的任何队员都不同．本段是围绕他如何与其他运动员不同展开的讨论。
Step4：定位答案：通过对题干选项及第一段的分析理解，正确答案为B。
方法3 标题判断法
标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概括的能力。
A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almst 2000 years ag. Nw paper cmes frm trees. We use a lt f paper every day. If we keep n wasting s much paper, there will nt be any trees left n the earth. S hw can we save paper?
We can use bth sides f every piece f paper, especially when we are making ntes. We can chse drinks in bttles instead f thse in paper packets (小包). We can als use handkerchiefs (手帕) and nt paper nes. When we g shpping, we can use fewer paper bags...
Everyne can help t save paper. And we shuld d it nw, befre it is t late.
Which is the best title f the passage?
A. Saving Paper
B. The Histry f Paper
C. Cttn Handkerchiefs Back Again
D. Cai Lun Invented Paper
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章标题，选项含义 A. 节省纸张B. 纸的历史C. 棉质手帕又回来了D. 蔡伦发明了纸；
Step2：总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述人们在日常生活中怎样节约用纸；
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落细节，C项不符合文意，确定答案为A。
（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）
Xie Xiahua is a special educatin teacher. She has wn the hearts f hundreds f children and is called Mum Xiahua by many f them.
“It is my greatest happiness t care fr them,” said 49-year-ld Xie. She has been wrking at Yiyuan Cunty Special Educatin Schl in Zib, Shandng Prvince fr 27 years.
Xie knws the difference between special educatin and general educatin. She takes care f each student accrding t their physical cnditins. And she als helps them with learning and their daily life. She used t help carry a student t restrms, the dining hall, classrms and the drmitry fr nine years until the student graduated（毕业）frm the schl.
In 2003, the schl set up a rehabilitatin（康复）centre and Xie wrked harder. T make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans fr them. Then she began t teach them patiently the basic skills f taking care f themselves. She als spent lts f time training the children with hearing and speech prblems. That ften made her thrat ache.
2015, the schl started ffering dr-t-dr educatin t students with physical prblems. Besides Xie, there are ver 30 teachers teaching and helping thse students. The teachers have walked ver 60, 000 kilmetres ver the past seven years because many students live in muntain villages.
“Althugh we feel tired smetimes, we feel ur wrk is valuable after seeing the students’ prgress, even just a little bit,” Xie said.
1．Xie Xiahua began t wrk at the schl at the age f ________.
A．22B．27C．29D．49
2．What des Paragraph 3（第3段）mainly tell us?
A．What Xie knws.B．Hw lng Xie helped carry the student.
C．Hw Xie takes care f the students.D．What the students’ physical cnditins are.
3．Xie prbably ________ first t help them receive the best training.
A．made sme plans fr the children
B．taught the children the basic skills
C．set up a rehabilitatin centre fr the children
D．trained the children with hearing and speech prblems
4．Which f the fllwing is true?
A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.
B．Xie thinks their wrk is useful and imprtant.
C．Each teacher has walked ver 60,000 kilmetres.
D．The schl ffered dr-t-dr educatin t all the students.
5．What is the best title（题目）fr the passage?
A．Special studentsB．A famus schl
C．Muntain villagesD．Mum Xiahua
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。
1．推理判断题。根据“‘It is my greatest happiness t care fr them,’ said 49-year-ld Xie. She has been wrking at Yiyuan Cunty Special Educatin Schl in Zib, Shandng Prvince fr 27 years.”可知，谢49岁了，而她在山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校已经有27年了，说明她在22岁时开始在学校上班。故选A。
2．段落大意题。根据“She takes care f each student accrding t their physical cnditins. And she als helps them with learning and their daily life. She used t help carry a student t restrms, the dining hall, classrms and the drmitry fr nine years until the student graduated（毕业）frm the schl.”可知第3段主要讲述了谢如何照顾这些学生。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“T make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans fr them.”可知，为了确保每个孩子都能接受最好的训练，她为他们制定了特别的计划。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“‘Althugh we feel tired smetimes, we feel ur wrk is valuable after seeing the students’ prgress, even just a little bit,’ Xie said.”可知，谢说，虽然他们有时会感到疲惫，但看到学生们的进步后，他们觉得自己的工作很有价值，哪怕只是一点点。由此可知，谢认为他们的工作是有用且重要的。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。根据“Xie Xiahua is a special educatin teacher. She has wn the hearts f hundreds f children and is called Mum Xiahua by many f them.”可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。选项D“晓华妈妈”作为标题最为合适。故选D。
（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）
1．Which passages are abut envirnmental prtectin?
A．a, bB．a, eC．b, e
2．When did China prbably begin t develp seeds in space?
A．In the 1980s.B．In the 1990s.C．In the 2000s.
3．What des the underlined wrd it in Passage c refer t?
A．An island.B．A new flu.C．Medical care.
4．Which is the best title fr ________?
A．Turkey Calling fr Help
B．The Wrld Saving Lives in Quake
C．Terrible Situatin Faced by Turkey
5．What’s the theme shared by all the passages?
A．Challenges and Chances. B．Respnsibility and Success.C．Prblems and Effrts.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文介绍了几则新闻内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“Lcals Care fr Natural Wrld”和“Scientists Fight against Plastic Pllutin”可知，a和e两则新闻与环境保护有关，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Fr nearly 40 years, China has develped ver 260 new types f seeds (种子) in space.”可知，近40年来，中国在太空开发了260多种新型种子。由此可知，中国可能是20世纪80年代开始开发太空种子的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“Dctrs are flying t an island ff the cast f West Africa after a new flu brke ut. They will test different medicines t find a way t deal with it.”可知，在一场新的流感爆发后，医生们正飞往西非海岸附近的一个岛屿。他们将测试不同的药物来找到治疗它的方法。此处it指的是新的流感，故选B。
4．最佳标题题。分析“A strng earthquake hit Turkey n February 6. Mre than 8,000 internatinal rescuers (救援人员) arund the wrld went t help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team frm China. They helped save lives and rebuild hmes.”可知，本则新闻介绍土耳其发生强烈地震，来自世界各地的8000多名国际救援人员前往救援，其中包括来自中国的蓝天救援队。他们帮助拯救生命，重建家园。选项B“世界在地震中拯救生命”最适合作本则新闻的标题，故选B。
5．主旨大意题。分析几则新闻内容可知，均与“问题和为此做出的努力”相关。故选C。
（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）
Iceland is a nrthern Eurpean cuntry with amazing natural beauty and ceans arund. There are a number f vlcanes (火山). It has a shrt summer which lasts frm June t August. The lng winter starts frm September and ends next May.
Summer in Iceland is a glden seasn fr turists. Every year, peple frm all ver the wrld cme here t see the beautiful sights and enjy the exciting whale-seeing.
In winter, when peple in Iceland finish their daily wrk, they will have different special activities t spend the lng dark night. Skating, riding snw mtrbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a ht bath must be the first chice t relax. There are als stry-telling activities fr children, which can teach them t be strng and kind. The mst ppular stries are abut Christmas in Iceland.
Because f a lng cld winter, Iceland has a shrt grwing seasn. The fd prblem was always a headache fr Iceland in the past. It had t buy mst f its fd frm ther cuntries, Later, when farmers learned t use lights and undergrund heat t grw crps (庄稼) all year rund in the greenhuse, things changed a lt.
Living in such a nice envirnment, mst peple in Iceland live a happy life. Accrding t a survey abut happiness made each year in Eurpe, Iceland is always amng the tp 3.
1．What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t (指代) in Paragraph 1?
A．The cean.B．Natural beauty.C．Iceland.D．The vlcan.
2．When d visitrs usually g t enjy the whale-seeing?
A．In spring.B．In summer.C．In autumn.D．In winter.
3．What is the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．What is the first chice t relax after the fun.B．Hw peple in Iceland finish their daily wrk.
C．What stries are the mst ppular in Iceland.D．Hw peple in Iceland spend the lng dark night.
4．Why des Iceland have a shrt grwing seasn?
A．Because there are ceans arund.B．Because there is a lng ht summer.
C．Because there is a lng cld winter.D．Because there are a number f vlcanes.
5．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Iceland, a Pr CuntryB．Fd Prblems in Iceland
C．Clrful Activities in IcelandD．Iceland, an Amazing Cuntry
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况。
1．代词指代题。分析“Iceland is a nrthern Eurpean cuntry with amazing natural beauty and ceans arund. There are a number f vlcanes (火山). It has a shrt summer which lasts frm June t August.”可知，冰岛是一个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。这里有许多火山。它的夏天很短，从六月持续到八月。此处It指的是“冰岛”，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Summer in Iceland is a glden seasn fr turists. Every year, peple frm all ver the wrld cme here t see the beautiful sights and enjy the exciting whale-seeing.”可知，冰岛的夏天是游客的黄金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。故选B。
3．段落大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In winter, when peple in Iceland finish their daily wrk, they will have different special activities t spend the lng dark night.”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛人如何度过漫长的黑夜。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Because f a lng cld winter, Iceland has a shrt grwing seasn.”可知，由于漫长寒冷的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况，选项D“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”符合主题，故选D。
（2023·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）
① One mrning, I gt up early and decided t make an apple pie fr my mum. I called my grandma fr help, fllwed a TV prgram t make jam and waited excitedly. I enjyed every step s much that I didn’t ntice three hurs pass by. Althugh the pie lked terrible and was nt that delicius, Mum ate it up and tld me it was the best pie that she had ever had. Fr the first time, I realised that althugh I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really enjyed the prcess (过程).
② The prcess is imprtant because it brings us smething bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the prcess, which may help us imprve ur skills r frm gd relatinships with thers. If we just cncentrate n the result and d nt enjy the prcess, we will be mre likely t feel disappinted and want t give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning f success.
③ But in this busy wrld, we see a lt f successful peple are in cmpetitin. Hw can we enjy the prcess? Well, the questin has the answer in itself.
④ Dn’t always cmpare yurself with thers. First f all, we are all different. And success means different things t us. Fr sme, success means being famus, while fr thers, it may be health r pwer. Ride yur wn ride.
⑤ Slw dwn. Yu need t stp expecting immediate results in what yu d and learn t be patient. Impatience leads t unhappiness. D it slwly, but never stp.
⑥ Reward (奖励) yurself. Divide the prcess int small steps, and give yurself a reward after cmpleting each f them. Rewarding yurself fr small wins can g a lng way. Fr example, if yu are in the prcess f lsing weight, enjy yur favurite cake nce in a while.
1．Hw des the writer start the article?
A．By giving an exampleB．By cmparing facts.
C．By using ld sayings.D．By listing numbers.
2．What d the underlined wrds “cncentrate n” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Make up.B．Get ready fr.
C．Pint ut.D．Pay attentin t.
3．Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the text?
A．B．
C．D．
4．Which culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Enjy the prcessB．What des success mean t us?
C．Never give upD．Hw can we achieve gd results?
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者是通过结合自身做苹果派的例子来引出本文主题，故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“If we just cncentrate n the result and d nt enjy the prcess, we will be mre likely t feel disappinted and want t give up.”可知，如果只关注结果而不享受过程，更有可能感到失望，想要放弃，所以划线单词表示“关注”，与“Pay attentin t”词义接近，故选D。
3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作者讲述了自己做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感悟；第三段引出问题“如何享受过程”，第四段到第六段提出建议，C项符合文章的结构。故选C。
4．最佳标题题。本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议，文章整体以“享受过程”为线索展开介绍，所以最适合本文的标题是：享受过程，故选A。
（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）
The 20th Natinal Cngress f the Cmmunist Party f China pints ut the imprtance f reading and calls n peple t read mre bks, s shared bkhuses have appeared in many places. Reading has becme a trend in ur cuntry.
A reading campaign (行动) tk place in Shenyang in April, 2023. Many peple tk part in it. Li Hng, a girl frm a junir high schl, said, “My mther and I tk part in the campaign because bth f us like reading. Bks are ur necessary furniture in ur huse. I knw a lt abut Chinese classic (经典的) wrks. Reading makes my life clurful and will change my dream int reality (现实).”
Reading is ne thing, but knwing hw t read and what t read is anther.
There are mainly three kinds f reading: recreatinal reading, study-type reading and survey reading. Recreatinal reading can bring yu much fun. Yu can read at a relaxed speed. Study-type reading usually needs yu t read the text very carefully t understand the ideas and details. Survey reading is a way f reading fast t get the main idea r find the infrmatin yu need.
What kind f bks shuld yu read? Emersn, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a bk that is nt a year ld; never read any but famus bks; never read a bk yu dn’t like.
Gd bks can lift yu t a higher plane (境界). Whatever yu read, read with interest, with the whle mind. Try t be a best reader. If yu are getting the mst ut f a bk, yu will d things mre cnfidently. Reading is rewarding (有益的)!
1．What can we infer (推断) abut Li Hng frm the secnd paragraph?
A．There is n ther furniture in her huse but bks.
B．Her mther teaches Chinese in a junir high schl.
C．She has prbably read the bk Jurney t the West.
D．She has changed her dream because f the campaign.
2．Which f the fllwing prbably belngs t survey reading?
A．Learning a lng pem at a relaxed speed.
B．Reading a nvel carefully t write a reprt.
C．Enjying interesting cmic strips as yu like.
D．Searching newspapers quickly fr smething.
3．What kind f bks shuld we read accrding t Emersn?
A．Bks that are well knwn.B．Bks that cst a lt f mney.
C．Bks that are abut rules.D．Bks that cme ut within a year.
4．What is the purpse f writing this text?
A．T intrduce a reading campaign.B．T advise us t build bkhuses.
C．T encurage peple t read bks.D．T tell us abut sme classic wrks.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。
1．推理判断题。根据“I knw a lt abut Chinese classic wrks.”可知李红对中国古典名著了解很多，由此推出她可能读过经典名著《西游记》。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Survey reading is a way f reading fast t get the main idea r find the infrmatin yu need.”可知概括性阅读是一种快速阅读的方式，以获得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在报纸上快速搜索属于概括性阅读。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Emersn, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a bk that is nt a year ld; never read any but famus bks; never read a bk yu dn’t like.”可知爱默生认为永远不要读一本未满一年的书、只读名著、永远不要读你不喜欢的书。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。结合“Try t be a best reader. If yu are getting the mst ut f a bk, yu will d things mre cnfidently. Reading is rewarding!”可知写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们读书。故选C。
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Accrding t Ken Crswell, the Sun and the Mn are different. We ften think that the Sun rules the day and the Mn rules the night. That’s kind f right, but nt ttally.
The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we dn’t.
As the Earth turns, smetimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away frm the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadw, we get night. When peple n the ppsite side f the Earth face the Sun, thse peple have day while we have night.
The Mn is a different stry. Unlike the Sun, it desn’t make its wn light. Mnlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting(反射) the Mn back t us.
The Sun lights up nly the side f the Mn that faces the Sun. At Full Mn, the Mn is n the ppsite side f the Earth frm the Sun. Then the side f the Mn facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Mn, the Mn rises arund sunset, shines all night, and sets arund sunrise. Since he mnlight is s bright, yu can smetimes see it during the day, t. A few days befre Full Mn, if yu lk east in the afternn, yu may see the Mn in the sky. After Full Mn, yu may find it if yu lk west in the mrning.
The Mn is mst difficult t see at New Mn, when its rbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side f the Mn facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Mn at all.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What can we knw abut the Sun?
A．The Sun rules the Mn.
B．The Sun shines during bth day and night.
C．The Sun lights up all the sides f the Mn.
D．The Sun shines everywhere n the Earth at the same time.
2．Which f the fllwing in the dictinary best explains the underlined wrd “shadw” in Paragraph 3?
shadw n.
①the shape f the Earth②the frce frm the Sun
③the dark area n the Earth④the ppsite side f the Sun
A．①B．②C．③D．④
3．What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw the Mn makes its light.
B．Why there is day and night n the Earth.
C．Why the Mn can be seen during the day.
D．What the difference is between Full Mn and New Mn.
4．Which fllwing picture shws us New Mn?
A．B．
C．D．
5．What is the theme(主题) f the text?
A．Culture.B．Science.C．Educatin.D．Technlgy.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。
1．细节理解题。根据“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we dn’t.”可知太阳白天黑夜都照耀着。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away frm the get night”可知当地球自转使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所以shadw指的是地球上的黑暗区域，故选C。
3．段落大意题。根据“During Full Mn, the Mn rises arund sunset, shines all night, and sets arund sunrise. Since he mnlight is s bright, yu can smetimes see it during the day, t.”（满月时，月亮在日落时升起，整夜闪耀，在日出时落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有时在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要讲述了为什么在白天可以看到月亮，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“The Mn is mst difficult t see at New Mn, when its rbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side f the Mn facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Mn at all.”可知在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合，故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题为科学，故选B。
（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）
Recently, researchers in Israel have dne an experiment and fund that gldfish are able t navigate(导航) n land after receiving arund 10 driving lessns.
The experiment was perfrmed by a research team at the Ben-Gurin University. It was made t see whether gldfish culd find their way in a very different envirnment. Researchers develped a rbtic car that culd drive frward, backward and frm side t side. They called the car FOV—“Fish Operated Vehicle”(鱼驱动车). A gldfish was placed inside a water bx n the FOV. Using a set f wheels with a camera system, the FOV recrded the fish’s mvements and swimming directins, and then mved in the same directin.
The scientists wrked with six different gldfish. They placed the car in a small rm with a pink target(目标) n ne side. The fish wuld get fd when the car tuched the target. After a few days f training, the fish navigated t the target. At first, it tk them abut half an hur t drive t the target. But by the end f the experiment, they were able t cmplete the same task in less than a minute. Shachar Givn, ne f the researchers, said, “As anyne wh has tried t learn hw t ride a bike r t drive a car knws, it is challenging at first.”
Nt nly did the gldfish shw that they culd drive t the target, but they als weren’t fled by false targets f ther clrs. They were als able t get free when the car hit a wall. Althugh the fish may nt have realized they were mving n land, these results shw that a fish has the ability t navigate utside its nature envirnment f water. It can enrich scientific knwledge f animals’ navigatin skills.
1．What is the purpse f the gldfish experiment?
A．T see if gldfish culd tell different clrs.
B．T see if gldfish culd find fd and living places.
C．T see if gldfish culd navigate in a different envirnment.
D．T see if gldfish culd ride a bike r drive a car like humans.
2．What can be learned abut the FOV?
A．It was placed inside a water bx.B．It culd fllw the fish’s mvements.
C．It was driven by a camera system.D．It culd cntrl the fish’s directins.
3．The gldfish wuld get fd as lng as the car ________.
A．tuched the pink targetB．mved in the small rm freely
C．avided hitting a wallD．tuched the targets f ther clrs
4．What can we learn frm Shachar Givn’s wrds?
A．It was imprtant fr the gldfish t drive a car.
B．It was impssible fr the gldfish t navigate.
C．It was meaningless fr the gldfish t be trained at first.
D．It was hard fr the gldfish t reach the target at the start.
5．Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Gd Use f a Rbtic CarB．An Experiment n Animals
C．Gldfish’s Ability t Navigate n LandD．Gldfish’s Skills t Drive a Car n Land
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性。
1．推理判断题。根据“Recently, researchers in Israel have dne an experiment and fund that gldfish are able t navigate n land”可知，金鱼在陆地上也具有导航能力，进而可以推出研究人员开展金鱼实验的目的是为了检验金鱼在不同的环境中是否仍具备导航能力。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“the FOV recrded the fish’s mvements and swimming directins, and then mved in the same directin”可知，鱼驱动车可以按鱼移动轨迹前进。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The fish wuld get fd when the car tuched the target.”可知，当车触碰到粉色目标的时候可以得到食物。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“As anyne wh has tried t learn hw t ride a bike r t drive a car knws, it is challenging at first.”可知，任何试图学习如何骑自行车或开车的人都知道，一开始是很有挑战性的。由此可知，Shachar Givn想表达的是金鱼很难在一开始就到达目标。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要讲述科研人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性，选项C“金鱼在陆地上的导航能力”最符合本文。故选C。
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Energy is the ability t d wrk. Slar energy cmes frm the Sun. There is als energy that cmes frm wind and water.
But d yu knw that energy can cme frm peple, t? When yu pedal a bike, yu prduce energy. Yu use yur legs t push the pedals. Yur energy is transferred (转移) t the bike. That makes the bike mve.
Nw imagine riding yur bike t create enugh pwer t run a cmputer. Sme students at ne schl did just that! They jumped n bikes cnnected t generatrs (发电机) and pedaled in place. Sn they were prducing electricity. This energy is needed t run their cmputers.
Here is hw bicycle-pwered energy wrks. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generatr. The generatr prduces electricity. As lng as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity mves thrugh the generatr. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can als be stred and used later.
Peple use bicycle-pwered energy t run small devices (设备) such as small televisins and fans. They ften use less than 100 watts per hur. Hwever, it wuld be a mistake t use pedal pwer t run a fridge. This large machine ften uses mre than 700 watts per hur. The electricity fr these machines cmes frm pwer lines verhead r undergrund.
Pedal pwer can be seen in schls, gyms, and hmes. What a fun way t prvide electricity!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Hw des the writer lead int the tpic “bicycle-pwered energy” in Paragraph 2?
A．By asking a questin.B．By telling a jke.
C．By using an ld saying.D．By making a survey.
2．What des the underlined wrd “spins” mean in the text?
A．Falls dwn suddenly.B．Breaks up cmpletely.
C．Mves up and dwn slwly.D．Turns rund and rund quickly.
3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．The future f new energy.B．The frms f wrld’s energy.
C．Using bicycle-pwered energy.D．Prducing bicycle-pwered energy.
4．What d we knw abut bicycle-pwered energy?
A．It can’t be seen in schls.B．It cmes frm wind and water.
C．It can be stred and used later.D．It’s frm pwer lines verhead.
5．In which unit f a textbk can the text be fund?
A．Unit 1 Friends FreverB．Unit 2 Dream f the Stars
C．Unit 3 The Value f MneyD．Unit 4 The Wrld f Science
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识。
1．细节理解题。根据“But d yu knw that energy can cme frm peple, t? When yu pedal a bike, yu prduce energy. Yu use yur legs t push the pedals. Yur energy is transferred (转移) t the bike.”可知，作者是通过问问题来引出“自行车动力能源”的，故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins.”可及常识可知，当踩自行车时，后轮会转动，所以划线单词表示“转动”，D项符合，故选D。
3．段落大意题。根据“Peple use bicycle-pwered energy t run small devices (设备) such as small televisins and fans. ”可知，本段主要讲的是“自行车动力能源”的使用，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“This energy can als be stred and used later.”可知，这种能源可以储存起来以后使用，故选C。
5．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识，与科学相关，故选D。
（2023·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）
An electrnic bk—knwn as an e-bk—is the text and art f a bk published in digital frm. Sme say the cnvenience f a digital bk beats the benefits f reading a real bk, that is, a bk printed n paper. Is that true?
A famus writer nce wrte, “Yu can find magic wherever yu lk. Sit back and relax. All yu need is a bk!” Back then, f curse, he meant a bk printed n paper, but tday that’s nt the nly way t read ne. Peple can chse t read a real bk, r they can read an e-bk n an e-reader device (设备) r a cmputer. Many peple like reading e-bks because they are cnvenient and easy t carry.
Hwever, a real bk can never be replaced. There is nthing better than the feel f a real bk, frm the weight f it in yur hand t the satisfactin f turning each page. It’s part f the experience f reading—just like ging t a library r bkstre and turning the pages f a bk freely. Scrlling (滚屏) thrugh a device isn’t the same. And nt every kind f bk translates well t digital. Plus, e-bks can require expensive devices that need t be charged (充电), as well as Internet access t dwnlad bks. That’s nt always pssible r cnvenient. A printed bk, hwever, desn’t have t be cnnected t be enjyed. What’s mre, when reading a real bk, yu can feel a pleasure f the mind, which will help yu get infrmatin and remember it mre effectively. And it cntributes twards develping the cmmunicatin skills and unlck ur imaginatin.
In 2022, sales f e-bks in the US ttaled abut $ 1 billin, while real bks sales hit $ 9.1 billin. In a survey, 30% f Americans wh read bks chse e-bks, while mst still prefer real bks. Besides, research shws that understanding imprves when peple read bks in print, rather than in digital frm.
1．Why d sme peple like reading e-bks?
A．E-bks prvide mre understanding.
B．E-bks are cnvenient and easy t carry.
C．E-bks increase printing csts and paper use.
D．E-bks benefit peple with reading difficulties.
2．What can we knw frm paragraph 3?
A．Peple are t busy t read a real bk.
B．Children are int reading e-bks nwadays.
C．It is enjyable t read real bks in a library.
D．All the real bks can be translated well t digital.
3．What’s the purpse f listing numbers in the last paragraph?
A．T stress the imprtance f reading bks.
B．T shw the ppularity f reading real bks.
C．T give examples f American best-selling bks.
D．T cmpare the differences f the tw reading habits.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Reading habits are changing
B．Reading bks is a gd habit
C．Real bks benefit us in many ways
D．Nthing cmpares t reading an e-bk
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了与电子书相比，实体书对我们有哪些好处。
1．细节理解题。根据“Many peple like reading e-bks because they are cnvenient and easy t carry.”可知，一些人喜欢电子书是因为电子书便利且方便携带。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“There is nthing better than the feel f a real bk…It’s part f the experience f reading—just like ging t a library r bkstre and turning the pages f a bk freely.”和“when reading a real bk, yu can feel a pleasure f the mind”可知，在图书馆里读真正的书是令人愉快的。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，实体书的销量远高于电子书，而且大多数人仍然喜欢读实体书，本段列出的数字是为了说明阅读实体书的受欢迎程度。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“Hwever, a real bk can never be replaced.”可知，本文主要介绍了与电子书相比，实体书的好处有哪些。故选C。
（2023·福建·统考中考真题）
Scientists have develped a way t read minds, translating unspken thughts int written wrds. It’s the first time it’s been dne withut having t put anything int the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given t a cmputer system that is able t “think” fr itself and carry ut tasks that usually require human intelligence.
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where bld runs, which shws the parts f the brain that are mst active. Peple taking part in the experiment (实验) listened t the radi fr 16 hurs as their brains were scanned. The AI tl learned t cnnect certain brain activity with wrds they heard. After that, each persn was asked t think f a stry, and the AI tl managed t pick up these thughts as they happened.
The results had abut a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), althugh the AI fund it hard t wrk ut the meaning f prnuns, such as he r she, her r him. Fr example, it turned “I dn’t have my driver’s license yet” int “She has nt even started t learn t drive yet.” It culd usually understand the meaning f what smene was thinking rather than the exact wrds. The AI was persnalized, s when it had learnt frm ne persn but it was tested n anther, it culdn’t understand their thughts.
The scientists, wh have been wrking n the technlgy fr 15 years, say they understand the risks f it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang tld a newspaper, “We want t make sure peple nly use these types f technlgies when they want t, and that it helps them.” The scientists hpe it will help peple with certain medical cnditins, wh are still awake but have lst the ability t speak, t cmmunicate nce again.
1．What des the underlined wrd “It” in paragraph 1 refer t (指代)?
A．A way.B．Anything.C．The brain.D．AI.
2．What is the main purpse f paragraph 2?
A．T describe the prcess f the experiment.
B．T explain the results f the experiment.
C．T ffer sme pinins abut the experiment.
D．T list the difficulties with the experiment.
3．What des the example in paragraph 3 shw?
A．The AI is much cleverer than peple.
B．The AI didn’t start the wrk as it was rdered.
C．The AI culdn’t understand the exact wrds f what peple thught.
D．The AI will be well develped accrding t peple’s special needs.
4．What can we learn frm the text?
A．It is nt difficult t take AI under cntrl.
B．AI will nt be used in a prper way in the future.
C．AI is s wise that it can treat peple with medical prblems.
D．It’s expected that AI will help thse speechless exchange ideas.
5．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．High Risks f Using AI.B．Mind-Reading Develpment.
C．Imprtance f Human Brain.D．Ways f Imprving Technlgy.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。
1．代词指代题。分析“They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given t a cmputer system that is able t ‘think’ fr itself and carry ut tasks that usually require human intelligence.”可知，他们使用了人工智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。此处It指的是AI，故选D。
2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Fr example, it turned ‘I dn’t have my driver’s license yet’ int ‘She has nt even started t learn t drive yet.’ It culd usually understand the meaning f what smene was thinking rather than the exact wrds.”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理解人们在想什么，而不是确切的话语。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have develped a way t read minds, translating unspken thughts int written wrds.”和“The scientists hpe it will help peple with certain medical cnditins, wh are still awake but have lst the ability t speak, t cmmunicate nce again.”可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字，科学家们希望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交流。由此可知，预计人工智能将帮助那些哑口无言的人交流思想。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。
（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）
It’s reprted that Shenzhu-16 will bring internatinal paintings by teenagers frm 10 African cuntries t the China Space Statin.
Jing Haipeng, ne f the astrnauts fr the Shenzhu-16 manned spaceflight missin, shared the infrmatin during the Shenzhu-16’s press cnference（新闻发布会）at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Nrthwest China’s Gansu Prvince n Mnday.
These paintings were beautifully drawn by teenagers frm 10 African cuntries including Algeria, Demcratic Republic f the Cng (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, Smalia, Suth Africa and Zimbabwe.
“Indeed, we have this special and meaningful purpse, which is t shw internatinal paintings fr the first time n the China Space Statin, and these excellent wrks are frm the winners f ‘Tianhe Award’ fr yung friends frm the 10 African cuntries,” Jing explained.
“At present, we have nt seen the paintings. I believe they will be bright. Explring the vast universe（宇宙）is the cmmn dream f all human, n matter the race, age, r natinality. We lk frward t jining hands with all peace-lving peple t create a better tmrrw,” he cntinued.
“We will take the children’s best yuth, best friendship, and best dreams int space, plant the seeds（种子）f science, friendship, and dreams n the China Space Statin, and let them grw and bear fruit,” Jing hped.
1．What des Jing Haipeng d?
A．A reprter.B．An artist.C．A gardener.D．A spaceman.
2．Where are sme f the teenagers mentined frm?
A．Egypt, Mauritius and Mexic.B．Mali, Clmbia and Zimbabwe.
C．Madagascar, Algeria and Smalia.D．Nigeria, Suth America and Madagascar.
3．What did Jing Haipeng think f these paintings?
A．Wnderful.B．Funny.C．General.D．Fashinable.
4．Which f the fllwing is true?
A．The paintings were chsen frm Chinese teenagers.
B．The paintings have nt been shwn befre in space.
C．Jing Haipeng has seen the paintings when interviewed.
D．The winners f “Tianhe Award” can get a space ticket.
5．What’s the main theme f the passage?
A．Human and nature.B．Peace and friendship.
C．Science and technlgy.D．Culture and educatin.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文讲述了神舟十六号将把来自10个非洲国家的青少年的国际绘画作品带到中国空间站这一事件。
1．细节理解题。根据“Jing Haipeng, ne f the astrnauts fr the Shenzhu-16 manned spaceflight missin”可知，景海鹏是神舟十六号载人航天飞行任务的宇航员之一。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“These paintings were beautifully drawn by teenagers frm 10 African cuntries including Algeria, Demcratic Republic f the Cng (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, Smalia, Suth Africa and Zimbabwe.”可知，这些画作由来自阿尔及利亚、刚果民主共和国、埃及、马达加斯加、马里、毛里求斯、尼日利亚、索马里、南非和津巴布韦等10个非洲国家的青少年绘制而成。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“these excellent wrks are frm the winners f ‘Tianhe Award’ fr yung friends frm the 10 African cuntries”可知，景认为这些是优秀的作品，说明他认为这些画作都很精彩。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“It’s reprted that Shenzhu-16 will bring internatinal paintings by teenagers frm 10 African cuntries t the China Space Statin.”和“At present, we have nt seen the paintings.”可知，这些画作将由神州16号的宇航员带到中国空间站，而目前，我们都没有见过这些画。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据“We lk frward t jining hands with all peace-lving peple t create a better tmrrw”可知，景希望，我们期待着与所有爱好和平的人们携手创造更美好的明天。由此可知，本文的主题是和平与友谊。故选B。a. Lcals Care fr Natural WrldGrasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken n a new lk and many wild animals have cme back. On January 24, 2003, China set up Sanjiangyuan Natinal Nature Reserve t prtect the area and the wildlife. Lcal peple jined in the prject, picking up waste and prtecting the animals.
b. China Successfully Grws Rice in SpaceHw t grw fd in space if humans live there ne day? Fr nearly 40 years, China has develped ver 260 new types f seeds (种子) in space. Recently grwing rice at Tiangng Space Statin makes a big step frward. It can als slve fd prblems n Earth.
c. Dctrs Sent t West AfricaDctrs are flying t an island ff the cast f West Africa after a new flu brke ut. They will test different medicines t find a way t deal with it. T get things better, they will als ffer medical care and help train lcal nurses there.
d. ________
A strng earthquake hit Turkey n February 6. Mre than 8,000 internatinal rescuers (救援人员) arund the wrld went t help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team frm China. They helped save lives and rebuild hmes.
e. Scientists Fight against Plastic PllutinA natural material, fungi (真菌), used t break dwn a type f plastic called plyprpylene turned ut t be useful. Scientists at the University f Sydney fund that after 90 days, between 25% and 27% f plyprpylene brke dwn and after 140 days, plyprpylene became cmpletely safe.