2024届中考英语题型 专题11.语法选择解题技巧

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考点分布
“语法选择”的主要考点分布:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较等级、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、同根词、定语从句、状语从句和宾语从句等。
一、语法选择常考语法点
1.考冠词：
a/an ： 第一次提到；泛指； 单词读音第一个音为元音时（an）,辅音时（a）；固搭；
the ： 第二次提到；特指； 固定搭配； play the +西洋乐器， the +序数词； /（不填）：固定搭配；play + 球类
2.考数词：
① seven-year-ld; tw-meter-lng; （数词做形容词用法）
② five hundred/thusand/millin/billin （具体数值后面不需要+s）
hundreds f / thusands f/millins f /billins f (表示概数时用f 结构)
3.考名词：
① 主谓一致（名词单复数与后面的动词的形式（三单，原形）保持一致）
② 可数名词与不可数名词的区别，修饰语等 tw cups f cffee/tea
4.考代词：
① many + n 复数 much + 不可数名词
② a number f + n复数 a great amunt f / a great deal f + 不可数名词
③ little/a little/few/a few 否定意义：little + 不可数名词 few + 可数名词复数
肯定意义： a little + 不可数名词 a few + 可数名词复数
④ Other/anther/the ther/thers/the thers
1）ther + 名词复数 anther + 名词单数（表三者或者三者以上 另一个）
2）thers 后面不能加名词 thers = ther + 名词复数
3）ne…. The ther…. 一个…. 另一个…..(两者之间)
sme…. Others…. 一些….. 另一些……
4）ther （无范围）与 the ther （有范围）
thers （无范围）与 the thers （有范围）
⑤ 不定代词smething、everything、anything、nthing + 形容词
⑥ 人称代词 1）主语用主格
2）动词/介词后用宾格；
3）空格后有名词，用形容词性物主代词，没有名词则用名词性物主代词； 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词 + 具体的名词
4）反身代词常考 enjy neself / help yurself / dress neself / teach neself；
5. 考形容词/副词
① -ed是修饰人，-ing是修饰事物
② 形容词修饰名词，副词（一般以ly 结尾）修饰动词，副词修饰形容词
③ 出现than, 用比较级
④ 出现 as…. as 结构，用形容词/副词原级
⑤ ne f + adj最高级+ n 复数
6.考介词
① 时间介词
at: 用于具体时刻、节日前，例如：at 8:00，at Christmas. 固定搭配：at nn, at night
in: 用于世纪、年、季节、月份等不具体的时间前，例如：in 2011
固定搭配：in the mrning/afternn/evening
n: 用于具体的某一天，或具体的早上、下午、晚上; 星期。
n the afternn f May 5th n a cld day， n Mnday/ Tuesday …
fr/since: 后面+一段时间，现在完成时的标志
② 其它介词
with:与...一起，和...；带着...，有...的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)
withut: 没有。
by + 交通工具
③ 介词+ ding after/befre ding; in ding ; fr ding …
7.考连词
but/hwever：表示转折关系；(but后无逗号； hwever, 后须有逗号)
s/therefre/thus：表示因果关系；
r：或者、否则之意。
and：表示并列关系；
thugh/althugh：表示虽然……但是，不能与but连用。
all：表示全部都，用于三者以上；
nne: 表示没有人，用于三者或三者以上（侧重指人，表否定）
：表示两者都；
：表示两者之一（选择）；
：表示两者中没有一个；
either: 用于句末，表示两者的否定
t: 用于句末，表示两者的肯定
als: 用于句中，表示也
8.考动词：
一看：有无时态标志； 单复数标志；
二看：空格前有无情态动词（情态动词+d）、介词 （介词+Ving）
三看：并列结构；有无and/r （如有则观察and/r前或后的动词形式，答案选项的形式要与其保持一致）
四看：固定搭配，如make/let sb d sth , see sb d/ding sth 等
9.考被动语态
被动语态： be (is/are/am/was/were) + dne（过去分词）
含有情态动词的被动语态： shuld/must/can/culd/may/might……be dne
10. 考定语从句：
跟在名词/代词后面，修饰名词/代词 修饰人：wh 修饰物：which
11. 考宾语从句：
跟在谓语后面 三要素：
① 引导词
② 时态 当主句为一般现在时时，从句可以为任何时态； 当主句为一般过去时时，从句必须用过去时态； 当从句为表示客观事实，真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时；
③ 语序：陈序语序
12. 考词性
-tin 一般为名词后缀 separatin, selectin,
-ness 一般为名词后缀 calmness
-ly 一般为副词后缀 luckily, frtunately,
-ful 一般为形容词后缀 careful,
-ing/-ed 一般为形容词后缀 -ing形容的是物； -ed形容的是人
13. 固定搭配
pick up 捡起
wait fr 等待
deal with 处理
think f 思考
lk ahead向前看，预测未来 lk ut小心
lk n冷眼旁观 lk up仰望；查阅；拜访
be pleased with对….满意 be wrried abut担忧/心
be satisfied with 对….满意 be amazed at对….惊讶
clear away清除 send away发送，派遣 turn away拒绝
give away赠送，泄露 thrw away扔掉
lk fr 寻找
lk up 仰望；查阅；尊敬；拜访
lk back 回顾；回头看
lk ut 注意；小心；面朝；照料
lk dwn 俯视；向下看
lk dwn upn 看不起
lk after 照顾
lk at 看
be made f... 由……制成（看得见的材料）
be made frm... 由……制成（看不见的材料）
be made in...产于/制于某地
make up 构成，化妆
make up ne’s mind t d sth 下定决心做某事
解题方法
方法一:上下文推断法
根据上下文的提示或暗示,体验语境和作者的情感态度,结合语法知识,选出符合场景的最佳选项。
例1 (2020年广东省卷节选)Judie’s class was studying Chinese culture.One day, her teacher went int the classrm 31 sme kites.
B.in C.with D.by
例2 (2020年广东省卷节选)He tld them that kites 32 in China mre than 2,000 years ag.At the end f the class, he said,“The Chinese make kites that mean smething imprtant t them...”
B.inventedC.are inventedD.were invented
例3 (2020年广东省卷节选)Yu will have a 34 understanding f kites than befre.
B.better C.best D.the best
例4 (2020年广东省卷节选)“What d yu think f when yu see a kite?” her dad asked.
Judie thught fr a mment and 36 , “Butterflies.”
B.answered
C.will answer D.has answered
例5 (2020年广东省卷节选)Judie’s dad agreed that it wuld be a gd idea t make a butterfly kite.They made a crss with sme wd sticks, 37 then Judie painted a butterfly n a piece f white paper.Next they stuck the paper n the crss. Finally they tied a lng tail t the bttm.
B.butC.r D.s
例6 (2020年广东省卷节选)Judie’s dad agreed that it wuld be a gd idea t make a butterfly kite…Next they stuck the paper n the crss.Finally they tied a lng tail t the bttm.
The next mrning, they tk 38 kite t the park and tested it.
38.A.a B.an C.the D.\
例7 (2020年广东省卷节选)“Judie, can yu tell me 40 yu like butterflies?” asked her dad.
Judie replied, “T me, butterflies mean beauty and freedm!”
B.which C.what D.when
方法二:句子成分分析法
分析句子的各个成分,结合语法知识,补充句子所缺的成分。语法选择中常考的句子成分:谓语(表示做动作的词)、宾语(动作的承受者)、定语(修饰性质的词)、状语(时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件等)。
例1 (2020年广东省卷节选)Judie decided t ask her dad fr help as it was 35 first time t make a kite.
“What d yu think f when yu see a kite?” her dad asked.
B.herself C.hers D.she
例2 (2020年广州卷节选)The children hld their bks clse as they say gd-bye and run hme 12 .David and his dnkeys head back, ver and arund the hills, and int the sunset.
B.cheerfulC.cheerfullyD.mre cheerful
方法三:固定搭配
结合上下文并利用动词短语、介词短语、常用句型的固定搭配来直接选择答案。
例1 (2020年广东省卷节选)At the end f the class, he said, “The Chinese make kites that mean smething imprtant t them.I expect each f yu 33 a kite that means smething imprtant t yu…
B.t make C.making D.made
例2 (2020年广东省卷节选)“Ww!” she cried prudly.
“ 39 high my butterfly flies!”
B.What a C.What an D.Hw
易错点1 如何判断形容词或副词的比较等级
(2020年广东省卷节选)Yu will have a 34 understanding f kites than befre.
A.gd B.better C.best D.the best
易错点2 如何区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
(2020年广东省卷节选)Judie decided t ask her dad fr help as it was 35 first time t make a kite.
A.her B.herself C.hers D.she
四、复习方法
1.复习《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版)中的各个语法点并能掌握和熟练运用各语法点的基本结构和基本规则。
2.平时多积累,多阅读文章和对话,领悟文章、对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手。
3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查漏补缺。训练自己的逻辑思维,并提高做题的准确性。
一
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C和D 项中选出最佳选项
Everyne uses his r her wn special wrds 1 his r her ideas and feelings. Sme f these expressins are 2 used fr many years. 3 are ppular fr just a shrt time. Such an American expressin is “Where is the beef?” It 4 when smething is nt as gd as it is said t be. 5 , “Where is the beef?” was ne f 6 expressins in the United States. It 7 as if everyne was using it at that time.
We all knw “McDnald’s” was famus fr a hamburger made 8 beef. When sme businessmen saw it, they pened their wn hamburger restaurants. One cmpany 9 “Wendy” said its hamburgers were bigger than 10 sld by McDnald’s r anyne else’s. The cmpany began t use the expressin “Where is the beef?” t make peple 11 that Wendy’s hamburgers were the biggest. The televisin shwed three ld wmen eating hamburgers. The bread 12 cvered the meat was very big, but inside there was nly 13 meat. One f the wmen said she wuld nt eat a hamburger with such a little piece f beef. “Where is the beef?” She shuted 14 a funny way. The idea fr Wendy’s hamburger restaurant was a 15 . As we said, it seemed everyne began using the expressin “Where is the beef?”
( ) 1. A. shws B. t shw C. shwing D. shw
( ) 2. A. cmmn B. cmmnly C. in cmmn D. cmmns
( ) 3. A. Other B. The ther C. Others D. Anther
( ) 4. A. using B. used C. is used D. uses
( ) 5. A. In the early 1980s B. In early 1980s
C. In the early 1980 D. At early 1980s
( ) 6. A. ppular B. mre ppular C. mst ppular D. the mst ppular
( ) 7. A. seemed B. seems C. is seemed D. seem
( ) 8. A. f B. frm C. by D. in
( ) 9. A. calls B. calling C. called D. call
( ) 10. A. this B. that C. these D. thse
( ) 11. A. knw B. knws C. knwing D. knew
( ) 12. A. wh B. whse C. which D. what
( ) 13. A. a few B. much C. a lt f D. a bit f
( ) 14. A. with B. at C. in D. by
( ) 15. A. succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully
二
语法选择
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15 小题所给的A、B、C 和D 项中选出一个最佳选项
Many, many years ag mst peple did nt have beautiful bks. Sme families did nt have bks at all. The peple ____1_____ did have bks had nly a few.Instead f ____2_____ bks, peple tld stries. They wuld remember things ____3_____happened t them and wuld retell these tales t friends.Sme stries yu read in bks tday ____4_____ t children many years ag by their fathers and mthers. ____5_____ thse girls and bys grew up, they, in turn, tld their children the same tales.Smetimes the stries changed as ne man tld ____6_____. That is why tday there are different beginnings and different endings t the same flk tales. Yu ____7_____ different names fr all kinds f characters in the different versins(版本) f the tales. In this way the stries almst seem ____8_____ different nes and nt yur favrite tales at all. Sme peple _____9____ stries. They wuld suppse ____10_____ things which had happened culd nt really have happened. Such peple became ____11_____ as strytellers.
In many f the tales, animals did the talking. In thers, gd men came t help bad men.Strange, exciting things ____12_____. The different ideas made interesting stries.Sme f the early tales, ___13______ them Mther Gse verses were tld in rhyme. Thepems were learned by bys and girls at hme and at schl.
What Mther Gse rhymes d yu knw and remember? D yu think there was_____14____ a Mther Gse? Mther Gse stries and rhymes are ____15_____ gd nes that we read and enjy them tday, years after they were first tld.
1. A. whichB. whm C. wh D. when
2. A. read B. t read C. reads D. reading
3. A. wh B. that C. what D. where
4. A. tellB. tld C. was tld D. were tld
5. A. When B. Thugh C. While D. Which
6. A. ther B. anther C. the ther D. the thers
7. A. even find B. even fund C. will even find D. wuld even find
8. A. is B. are C. will be D. t be
9. A. made in B. made up C. made f D. made frm
10. A. that B. what C. when D. where
11. A. knw B. knewC. knwn D. t knw
12. A. happen B. happenedC. are happened D. were happened
13. A. in B. f C. amng D. between
14. A. real B. really C. t be real D. t be really
15. A. suchB. s C. such a D. s many
三
语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The traditin f birthday parties started a lng time ag. There are sme traditins1 yu can find almst anywhere, anytime, such 2 sending birthday cards, 3 ut the candles n a birthday cake and singing the ‘Happy Birthday’ sng. Others are nly 4 fr certain ages and in certain cuntries.
In China, 5 a child’s secnd birthday, family members put many things n the flr arund the child. Accrding t Chinese traditin, the first thing that the child picks up 6 yu what prfessin the child will chse later in 7 .
Fr Japanese children, 8 third, fifth and seventh birthdays are 9 imprtant. At this age, there is a special celebratin Shichi-G-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children g t the temple wearing a new kimn (和服). The priest (僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually rganize a party fr their friends in their hme.
In Argentina, Mexic and several 10 Latin American cuntries, girls have a special birthday celebratin 11 they reach the age f fifteen. After a special ceremny (仪式), the girls dance a waltz with their father and ther bys.
Eighteen is the traditinal ‘cming f age’—the age when (in many cuntries) yu have the right t vte (选举), jin the army and (in Britain) drink alchl 12 buy a huse.
In many English-speaking cuntries, a 13 birthday cake ften has a key n tp, r the cake itself is smetimes in the shape f a key. The key means that the yung persn 14 nw 15 t leave and enter the family hme at any time they want t!
1. A. whereB. whatC. thatD. when
2. A. frB. like C. sD. as
3. A. blwB. blwingC. t blwD.blwn
4. A. find B. finds C. fundD. finding
5. A. n B. in C. at D. t
6. A. tellingB. tldC. will tellD. tells
7. A. life B. livesC.livingD.live
8. A. a B. anC. theD. /
9. A. especialB.especiallyC. mre especialD. mst especial
10. A. the therB. antherC. thersD. ther
11. A. whenB.befreC. sinceD. because
12. A. and B. but C. rD. s
13. A. twenty-neB. twenty-firstC. twentieth-neD. twentieth-first
14. A. hasB. wasC. haveD. is
15. A. ld enughB. yung enughC. enugh ldD. enugh yung
四
语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法行和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、 B、 C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The back dr f the ambulance was suddenly shut. The driver ran t the frnt, jumped int his seat and ____1____ the engine. Inside were the wrried parents, Mr. and Mrs. Green. The mther was hlding ____2____ baby daughter, Ellen. The little girl had ____3____ fd stuck in her thrat and ____4____ hardly breathe.
The driver, Mr. White, turned ____5____ his siren (警笛) and flashing light, and started speeding twards the ____6____ hspital. The cars ahead f him pulled ut f the way as he drve thrugh the busy traffic. Frm the back f the ambulance, the parents were shuting ____7____ him t hurry, since Ellen had almst stpped breathing. Mr. White knew he had n time t lse, ____8____ he drve straight past the traffic lights.
Cming twards him frm his right was a taxi. The driver ____9____ was listening t his radi did nt hear the ambulance. The lights were green, and he drve straight n int the path f the ambulance.
Mr. White tried ____10____ his ambulance, but it was t late. It hit ____11____ taxi. Everyne was shaken, ____12____ n ne was hurt. Mr. White lked back t see ____13____ little Ellen was.
“Lk!” cried Mrs. Green. “She ____14____ again.”
“It must have been the crash,” said her husband ____15____. “It kncked the fd ut f her thrat. The accident turned ut t be a blessing.”
1. A. start B. started C. has started D. starts
2. A. their B. theirs C. they D. them
3. A. any B. n C. sme D. each
4. A. wuld B. might C. shuld D. culd
5. A. n B. ff C. ut D. int
6. A. near B. nearly C. nearer D. nearest
7. A. with B. by C. at D. fr
8. A. because B. althugh C. s D. after
9. A. which B. why C. while D. wh
10. A. stp B. t stp C. stps D. stpped
11. A. the B. a C. an D. /
12. A. and B. r C. but D. befre
13. A. where B. hw C. when D. what
14. A. is breathing B. breathed C. was breathing D. will breathe
15. A. happy B. happily C. unhappy D. happiness
五
语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1～15 各题所给的 A、B、 C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
I had never nticed her．She was nt the kind f girl wh culd draw attentin．She was nt tall（1） lked rdinary．In class，she liked sitting at the back，reading r writing ntes．One day I asked her（2） alud the text．When I heard her standard （标准）American English，I lked at her with new eyes．And I remembered her name﹣Kelly．Later n，the Natinal Cllege Speech Cmpetitin wuld be held．One student in ur schl（3） t attend．I thught it ver and filled in her name．Kelly practised（4） fr the cmpetitin．Hwever，I was a little wrried （5） she was always t quiet．Culd she really（6） well in the cmpetitin？
（7） the night f the cmpetitin，I sat in the frnt rw f the hall very early．I tld her t take it easy．Her face turned red and she said nthing．（8） seemed that she was really nervus．I felt upset，but I just patted her n（9） shulder and let her g t draw lts （抽签）．As a result，she drew N.9while N.8was a by wh was very gd at giving speeches．
Sure enugh，N.8was very（10） ．The whle audience made a warm applause．
While they（11） abut his speech with excitement，Kelly appeared n the stage．I with n curage t lk at her．It was her（12） time t g up the stage，s I culdn't be angry with her fr any small mistakes．But at that mment，I fund （13） I was s afraid f her failure（失败）．
The strng sptlight and large hall made（14） s small that nbdy seemed t ntice she had been n the stage．I felt hpeless．
But the mment that surprised me came．I clearly heard a vice，a very lud vice，"Nw，please fcus n me．"
Three times in all，luder and luder．
The whle audience fell silent．
I culd hardly believe that lud vice came frm the girl，wh was usually sft﹣viced and didn't catch attentin at all．She gave a perfect speech．
I think I will never frget this tuching lessn（15） my student taught me﹣never underestimate（低估）the pwer f the silent peple．
六
语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xian Xinghai was a very famus musician in China. He wrte ne f the greatest pieces f music f the 20th century. In his shrt life he wrte 1 300 sngs and an pera.
Xian was bm in Panyu, Guangdng, China in 1905. Because his father died befre he was brn, Xian mved frm place t place with 2 mther. He began learning t play 3 vilin when he was 20 years ld. In the beginning, his vilin was 4 cheap and badly made that he 5 nt play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did nt stp 6 and sn shwed his talent. In 1934, he was ne f the first Chinese students 7 studied in a special music schl in Paris. Befre he_____8_____, Xian became the schls best student_____9_____wn several prizes fr his talents.
In 1935, he returned t China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came t Yan'an 10 music at a cllege. 11 there were n pians in Yan'an at that time Xian still wrte 11 f his mst imprtant music there, including The Yellw River, his mst famus wrk.
In May 1940, Xian _____13_____t the Sviet Unin by the Chinese Cmmunist Party t write music fr mvies. In the Sviet Unin, life was very_____14_____. Xian gt sick and later died f a lung illness _____15_____Octber 30, 1945, aged nly 40. Xian's music, hwever, lives n in the peple's hearts.
1. A. near B. nearly C. nearby D. nearer
2. A. he B. him C. his D. he’s
3. A. a B. an C. the D. this
4. A. s B. such C. very D. much
5. A. need B. may C. shuld D. culd
6. A. practice B. practicing C. t practice D. practised
7. A. what B. which C. whm D. wh
8. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. was leaving
9. A. and B. but C. as D. r
10. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. t teach
11. A. If B. Althugh C. When D. Because
12. A. any B. little C. few D. sme
13. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. was sending
14. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
15. A. at B. in C. n D. by1．A．r
B．but
C．as well
D．and
2．A．read
B．reading
C．t read
D．t reading
3．A．allw
B．allwed
C．was allwed
D．allws
4．A．hard
B．hardly
C．harder
D．hardest
5．A．thugh
B．because
C．when
D．if
6．A．did
B．be dne
C．d
D．ding
7．A．In
B．At
C．By
D．n
8．A．That
B．This
C．It's
D．It
9．A．an
B．a
C．不填
D．the
10．A．success
B．successful
C．succeed
D．successfully
11．A．talked
B．wuld talk
C．as well
D．were talking
12．A．ne
B．the ne
C．first
D．the first
13．A．when
B．that
C．why
D．what
14．A．she
B．her
C．herself
D．hers
15．A．which
B．whse
C．what
D．wh．