第08讲 宾语从句(课件)-2024年备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习(全国通用)
展开1.掌握宾语从句的概说和分类2.弄清宾语从句的引导词3.掌握宾语从句的时态问题4.掌握宾语从句的语序5.会运用宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法
知识点一:宾语从句的概说和分类
1.定义:在复合句中作宾语的从句是宾语从句。 I think everybdy likes ckies.2. 分类:动词宾语从句 I think everybdy likes ckies. 介词宾语从句 I agree with what yu said just nw. 形容词宾语从句 I’m afraid I can’t affrd it. (sure, glad, srry, happy, afraid)3.结构:主句+引导词+从句(陈述句语序:主+谓+其他)
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类: (1) 从句是陈述句:引导词用that 无词义,可省略 结构:主句+that+主语+谓语+其他. He is a teacher. I knw that he is a teacher. He desn’t like English. I think that he desn’t like English.
(2) 从句为一般疑问句:引导词用if/whether (是否),不可省略。 结构:主句+if/whether+主语+谓语+其他. Is he a student? D yu knw_____________________________? Des Danny like English? I want t knw ___________________________. Can yu fly? I wnder ________________________________.
if/whether he is a student
if/whether Danny likes English
if/whether yu can fly
(3)由连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, hw引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。D yu knw wh (whm) they are waiting fr?He asked whse handwriting was the best.Can yu tell me where the N.3 bus stp is?I dn’t knw why the train is late.
知识点二:宾语从句的引导词
1.从句是陈述句:2.从句有是否的意思:3.从句是特殊疑问句:
whether, if
什么:谁:谁的:哪一个:
在从句里充当:主语,宾语,表语,状语
时间:地点:原因:怎样:
that引导的宾语从句 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
Lin Ta feels (that) his wn team is even better. She says (that) she wn’t take part in the sprts meeting next Sunday.Jim thught (that) the train was like a big mving party.He said (that) he wuld like t see the headmaster.
在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如srry, sure, afraid, glad等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句
I’m srry (that) I dn’t knw .We’re sure (that) ur team will win .I’m afraid (that) he wn’t pass the exam .
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略
e.g. I hear (that) _______________________. (一小时后他会回来)He said (that) ______________________. (他非常想念我们)The teacher tld us (that) ___________________________. (地球围着太阳转)
he will be back in an hur
he missed us very much
the earth mves arund the sun
注意:当从句是客观真理的时候,无论主句什么时态,从句一律用一般现在时
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,由疑问词 when, wh, what, where, whatever, hw,which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序,即"主语+谓语"词序。
①带有系动词be(is,am,are,was,were)的特殊疑问句。
宾语从句"hw ld Liz is"是主句动词knw的宾语。hw在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序,主语在动词前(Liz is)。
②带有(情态)助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/shuld等的特殊疑问句When is Ann ging t lran? 安什么时候去伊朗?→ D yu knw when Ann is ging t lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗?→ I dn’ t knw when Ann is ging t lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。What shuld I d? 我该怎么办?→ Can yu tell me what I shuld d? 你能告诉我,我该怎么办吗?→ Please tell me what I shuld d. 请告诉我,我该怎么办。Where has Rn gne? 朗去了哪里?→ D yu knw where Rn has gne? 你知道朗去了哪里吗?→ I dn’ t knw where Rn has gne. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词d/des/did的特殊疑问句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了?→ D yu knw where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗?→ I dn’ t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。What des Sue think abut Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么?→ D yu knw what Sue thinks abut Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗?→ I knw what Sue thinks abut Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。
注意:(1)由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序,故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组 句子:Hw much des this cat cst? → I want t knw hw much this cat csts. Where did yu g yesterday? → Please tell me where yu went yesterday.
注意:(2)当疑问代词what、wh在特殊疑问句中作主语时,该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序,所以当该句用来作宾语时,语序不需要调整。 What’ s wrng with yu? 怎么了? → He asked the girl what was wrng with her.What’ s the matter? 怎么了?→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened t him?→ We want t knw what has happened t him.
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当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wnder,dubt,find ut,be uncertain /dubtful / be nt knwn 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。I wnder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants t knw if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want t knw if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
if/whether引导的宾语从句
【拓展】一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。 1. 与 r 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有r nt时用whether,不用if。I dn’ t knw whether r nt they will cme. 我不知道他们是否会来。I dn’ t knw whether he is wrng r she is wrng. Let me knw whether yu can cme r nt.I dn’ t knw whether he will win r nt. I will write t yu whether r nt I can cme / whether I can cme r nt.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dsen’ t knw whether t g r nt. 他不知道是否会去。Please tell us whether t g there r stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether t g r stay is still a questin. I’ m nt sure whether t stay r leave. I didn’ t knw whether t laugh r t cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。It depends n whether I have enugh time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。Success depends n whether we make enugh effrt. I haven’ t settled the questin f whether I’ ll g back hme. It depends n whether the letter arrives in time.I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I dn’ t knw.Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I dn’ t knw.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we shuld clse the shp. (虚拟语气) We discussed whether we shuld g there by plane.(虚拟语气) 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。He asked me if I hadn’ t finished my wrk. 注意:dubt否定句用that引导。因为dn’ t dubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
He says that his sister is kind.
He says that his sister will beat him tmrrw.
He says that his sisiter beated him yesterday.
知识点三:宾语从句的时态
My teacher said that practice make perfect.
He says that the earth rises in the east.
句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序
宾语从句必须用 ________
There is a shp near here.
Is there a shp near here?
知识点四:宾语从句的语序
由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:I want t knw if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I culd help him.
四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppse等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,宾语从句的谓语动用肯定式。eg: (5)I dn’t think he will cme with yu.注意:这种句子在其后接附加问句时,要特别小心。eg: (6) I dn’t believe he has finished the wrk, ________?(7) He knew why Jim wasn’t at schl , ___________?解析:例6,当主句的主语为第一人称时,附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7,如果主句的主语非第一人称时,则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。
知识点五 宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法
宾语从句的转化 (1)当主句谓语动词是hpe, wish, decide, frget, plan, agree等,且主句与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构(动词+t d)。She agreed that she culd help me with my maths. → She agreed t help me with my maths. (2)当主句谓语动词是knw, learn, frget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语,且主句与从句主语相同时,从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。I dn't knw which sweater I shuld buy. → I dn't knw which sweater t buy.
(3)当主句谓语动词是ask, tell, shw, teach,宾语从句由代词/副词引导,从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the park? → Culd yu tell me hw t get t the park?(4)当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带t的不定式或V-ing形式。 She fund that the wallet lay/was lying n the grund. → She fund the wallet lie/lying n the grund.
if/whether(一般疑问句 )
特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)
主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
客观真理 自然现象公式定理 名言警句 时态不变
1.(2023·福建厦门·模拟预测)—The English ral test is cming, culd yu tell me ________?—I think yu can have cnversatins with classmates.A.hw I can imprve my spken EnglishB.when I can learn sme speaking skillsC.where I can practice my spken English【答案】A【详解】句意:——英语口语就要考试了,你能告诉我怎样才能提高我的口语吗?——我认为你可以和同学交谈。考查宾语从句。hw I can imprve my spken English我怎样才能提高我的英语口语;when I can learn sme speaking skills我什么时候可以学习一些说话技巧;where I can practice my spken English我在哪里可以练习英语口语。根据答语“I think yu can have cnversatins with classmates.”可知,对方式进行提问,故选A。
2.(2023·福建泉州·模拟预测)—Culd yu tell me __________? —In 2000.A.when ur English teacher came t the schlB.hw lng ur English teacher has been in the schlC.hw sn ur English teacher will cme back t schl【答案】A【详解】句意:——你能告诉我我们英语老师什么时候来的学校?——在2000年。考查宾语从句。when ur English teacher came t the schl我们英语老师什么时候来的学校;hw lng ur English teacher has been in the schl我们英语老师在学校多久了;hw sn ur English teacher will cme back t schl我们英语老师多久之后会回到学校。根据答语“In 2000.”可知,此句是提问时间点的,用疑问词when提问,且2000年是过去的时间,故用一般过去时。故选A。
3.(2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测)The ld saying frm Analects f Cnfucius says “If three men are walking tgether, ne f them is bund t be gd enugh t be my teacher” tells us ________.A.hw intelligent a teacher isB.that we shuld learn frm each therC.whm shuld we depend nD.hw many teachers we can have【答案】B【详解】句意:《论语》中的一句古话“三人行必有我师焉”告诉我们应该相互学习。考查宾语从句和常识。hw intelligent a teacher is老师多聪明啊;that we shuld learn frm each ther我们应该互相学习;whm shuld we depend n我们应该依靠谁;hw many teachers we can have我们能有多少老师。根据“The ld saying frm Analects f Cnfucius says “If three men are walking tgether, ne f them is bund t be gd enugh t be my teacher” tells us…”以及常识可知,“三人行必有我师焉”告诉我们应该相互学习。故选B。
4.(2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测)—Shall we g fr a picnic tmrrw?—Well, it depends n ________.A.if is it ging t be fine tmrrw B.that I finished my hmewrk tnightC.whether it’ll be fine tmrrwD.where did we g tmrrw【答案】C【详解】句意:——我们明天去野餐好吗?——哦,这要看明天的天气好不好。考查宾语从句。根据句中的“depends n”可知,此处的宾语从句陈述的是不确定的情况,因此可排除B项;宾语从句中需用陈述句语序,可排除A、D项。故选C。
5.(2023·重庆江北·校考三模)—There is ging t be a Natinal Science Week in Chngqing Three Grges Museum. —Sunds great. D yu knw ________?A.when will it startB.when it will startC.where is it heldD.where it is held【答案】B【详解】句意:——重庆三峡博物馆将举办一个全国科学周。——听起来不错。你知道什么时候开始吗?考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除A与C;根据“There is ging t be a Natinal Science Week in Chngqing Three Grges Museum.”可知,全国科学周在重庆三峡博物馆举行,所以问句询问的是时间,故选B。
6.(2023·四川广元·统考一模)—Culd yu tell me ________ at the meeting yesterday?—Srry, I dn’t knw. I was nt at the meeting.A.hw he saidB.what did he sayC.what he saidD.hw did he say【答案】C【详解】句意:——你能告诉我他昨天在会上说了些什么吗?——对不起,我不知道。我没有参加会议。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语,用宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,排除BD;said后缺少宾语,引导词用what而不用hw。故选C。
7.(2023·河北石家庄·校联考一模)—Hi, Ben. Harry wanted t knw ________?—Nthing. I just stayed at hme.A.if yu went anywhere last weekendB.where yu went last weekendC.hw was yur last weekendD.what yu did last weekend【答案】D【详解】句意:——嗨,本。哈利想知道你上周末做了什么?——没什么。我只是待在家里。考查宾语从句。分析句子,“wanted t knw”后跟宾语从句,应该用陈述语序,所以排除C选项。根据答语“Nthing. I just stayed at hme.”可知,此处问的是上周末做了什么,故选D。
8.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模)—Culd yu tell me ________ after High Schl Entrance Examinatin? —I decide t travel t Sichuan Prvince t see beautiful scenery.A.which city d yu gB.where yu plan t gC.hw yu g t the city【答案】B【详解】句意:——你能告诉我中考后你打算去哪里吗?——我决定去四川省旅游,看看美丽的风景。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除A;根据“I decide t travel t Sichuan Prvince t see beautiful scenery.”可知,宾语从句问题应该是去哪里。故选B。
1.(2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题)—Excuse me, culd yu please tell me ________?—Next Friday.A.when will the dentist cme backB.when the dentist will cme backC.hw will the dentist cme back【答案】B【详解】句意:——对不起,你能告诉我牙医什么时候回来吗?——下周五。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC。故选B。
2.(2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题)—I wnder ________ my new classmates.—By cmmunicating with them mre.A.what can I learn frmB.when I can learn frmC.where can I talk withD.hw I can get n with【答案】D【详解】句意:——我想知道我怎样才能和我的新同学相处得好。——通过与他们进行更多的沟通。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC;根据“By...”可知此处询问方式,用hw引导宾语从句。故选D。
3.(2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题)—I wnder ________.—Yes, it tastes really gd.A.wh likes eating zngziB.if this kind f zngzi is deliciusC.where I can buy this kind f zngziD.hw much we shuld pay fr this kind f zngzi【答案】B【详解】句意:——我想知道这种粽子好吃吗。——好吃,味道很好。考查宾语从句。wh likes eating zngzi谁喜欢吃粽子;if this kind f zngzi is delicius这种粽子是否好吃;where I can buy this kind f zngzi我在哪里可以买到这种粽子;hw much we shuld pay fr this kind f zngzi这种粽子我们该付多少钱。根据答语“Yes, it tastes really gd.”可知,想知道这种粽子是否好吃,故选B。
4.(2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题)—As a teenager, d yu knw ________ when yu are in truble? —Yes. I can ask my parents, teachers r any ther adult I trust.A.wh yu can ask fr helpB.hw can yu ask fr helpC.wh can yu ask fr helpD.hw yu can ask fr help【答案】A【详解】句意:——作为一个青少年,当你遇到麻烦时,你知道你可以向谁求助吗?——知道。我可以向我的父母、老师或任何我信任的成年人求助。考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序,排除BC;根据“I can ask my parents, teachers r any ther adult I trust.”可知,父母、老师和信任的成年人都是人,应用wh引导宾语从句,故选A。
5.(2023·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题)—I wnder if Li Hua ________ t the hspital t receive the vaccinatin(疫苗接种). —I am sure he will if he ________ time.A.ges; will haveB.will g; hasC.will g; will have【答案】B【详解】句意:——我想知道李华会不会去医院打疫苗。——我相信如果他有时间的话他会去的。考查动词时态。第一句中if引导宾语从句,表示对将来是否会发生某事的不确定,从句用一般将来时,其结构为will d;第二句中if引导条件状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,从句用一般现在时,主语“he”后接动词的第三人称单数形式has。故选B。
6.(2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题)—Chen Dan, d yu knw ________?—Bus N.3 will take yu there.A.what is Star Park like B.what Star Park is likeC.hw can I get t Star ParkD.hw I can get t Star Park【答案】D【详解】句意:——陈丹,你知道我怎么去明星公园吗?——3路公共汽车送你去那里。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC;根据“Bus N.3 will take yu there.”可知此处询问如何到达某地,用hw引导宾语从句。故选D。
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