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第14讲 形容词、副词（讲义）-备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用）
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►第14讲 形容词、副词 （讲义）【复习目标】 1.熟练掌握形容词和副词的句法功能和分类；2.掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化；3.掌握修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式；4.掌握倍数表达法；5.掌握形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法6.掌握易混易错形容词和副词 【考情分析】 形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。4.形容词的比较级和最高级。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。 【网络构建】 考向一形容词和副词的句法功能和分类 一、形容词的分类形容词的句法功能二、副词的基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。►He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。►＂What happened?＂I asked, rather angrily. ＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。►In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。►Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？►He will arrive before ten o’clock.（介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：1. 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still1）表示发生时间的副词：►It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。►She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：►He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1）有不少表示地点的副词：►She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：①用作介词：Stand up!起立！②用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：►He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never6. 疑问副词：where, how, why7. 否定副词：no, not, neither, nor8. 其他副词：also, too, only考向二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化一 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化注意：有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。不规则变化注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)考向三 修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式一 比较级和最高级的标志词修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。The students study even harder than before.学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class.他比班里其他人都起得早。less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best.在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。（7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词er＋and＋形容词/副词er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。Things are getting better and better day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。（8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice.我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。易混点：类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。（2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。考向四 倍数表达法A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BA is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BA is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋BThe＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋BA is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句考向五 形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法一 名词、动词加上后缀构成形容词二 常用形容词前缀三 形容词变副词规则易错易混点: 以ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 lively精力充沛的 lonely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的deadly致命的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 考向六 易混易错形容词和副词 既可作形容词又可作副词且有ly表抽象概念(有ly)的词2．有无ly意义大不相同的副词eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(dead完全地，全然地be dead asleep,deadly非常be deadly tired))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(pretty相当be pretty certain that ... ,prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(late晚，迟arrive late， come late,lately最近；近来I haven't seen him lately.))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(hard 努力地work hard,hardly 几乎不He has hardly eat anything.))一、单项选择1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Do you like English?—Yes. But I think it’s ________ subject of all.A．the easiest B．the most difficult C．the most interesting D．the most boring2．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）—Guess what! The farmers made Tian’anmen Square model with millions of corns. —Wow! There are always many ________ people around us!A．local B．creative C．tiny D．humorous3．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）—Why do so many people like blind boxes like POPMART?—I think it’s because people will easily get ________ about something uncertain.A．excited B．bored C．relaxed D．worried4．（2023·重庆江北·校考三模）As a postman in a lonely village, Mr. Zhang thinks his job ________ because he helps the villagers keep in touch with their families.A．comfortable B．terrible C．valuable D．possible5．（2023·福建·校联考三模）—Will everyone take part in the concert tonight? —I’m afraid not. Jack will be ________ because he is preparing for his speech.A．nervous B．patient C．absent6．（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）—Shall we run quickly to escape when we are on fire? —Of course not. It’s said to be even more ________ to do that.A．dangerous B．delicious C．difficult7．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）It is ________ of that man to wait for a long time on such a hot day.A．patient B．curious C．imaginative D．careful8．（2023·河北石家庄·校联考一模）—Are you going to get to airport by bus?—I’d rather take a taxi. It’s ________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．the quickest D．the cheapest9．（2023·湖北武汉·统考二模）—It’s really hard for me to make a choice!—You can turn to Marie for help. She’s always a ________ thinker.A．fresh B．clear C．straight D．typical10．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）—What do you think of the service of this store? —It’s ________. The waiters are patient with customers.A．useful B．painful C．wonderful D．awful11．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考三模）We shouldn’t depend on our parents too much. It’s ________ for us to make our own decision.A．important B．impossible C．impatient12．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Would you like to go bike riding with us tonight? —It’s worth trying, but my mom will ________ disagree.A．properly B．probably C．perfectly13．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Sir, would you mind speaking more __________? I can’t follow you. —Of course not.A．slowly B．politely C．quickly14．（2023·重庆大渡口·统考一模）The waiters of the restaurant treat people ________. They always serve them with big smiles on their faces.A．wisely B．completely C．differently D．politely15．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）Alice watched TV the whole afternoon ________ to kill the boring time.A．simply B．suddenly C．differently D．quickly16．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）Emily is a kind girl. She is ________ ready to help people in need.A．sometimes B．never C．hardly D．always17．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）My father gets up early every morning, so he is ________ late for work.A．often B．nearly C．never D．always18．（2023·安徽宿州·统考二模）—Look! How ______ it rains. I’m afraid we have to put off the plan of camping.—What a pity! Hope it will be sunny soon.A．quickly B．heavily C．greatly D．directly19．（2023·安徽安庆·安庆市第二中学校考二模）The member of the team join hands with each other, so the work goes on ________.A．poorly B．carelessly C．peacefully D．smoothly20．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）The price of oil is much ________ than before, so many people go to work by bus instead of by car.A．high B．higher C．the highest21．（2023·吉林长春·吉林省第二实验学校校考二模）________ you get to know about Chinese culture, ________ you love this mysterious country.A．The better, the better B．The more, the moreC．The more seriously, the more serious D．The longer, the longer22．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考三模）— Are you going to the airport by bus?— I’d rather take a taxi. It’s much ________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．the quickest D．the cheapest23．（2023·重庆铜梁·重庆市巴川中学校校考二模）Home is _______ place wherever we go. As we know, “East or west, home is the best.”A．warm B．warmer C．the warmer D．the warmest24．（2023·上海黄浦·统考三模）Country life isn’t always as ________ as city life, villagers think.A．peaceful B．more peaceful C．most peaceful D．the most peaceful25．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）—How do you like Jason’s books?—I think they are interesting. The more I read them, ________ I like them.A．the more B．the least C．the less26．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）—We’re doing a lot to protect our environment, but it’s not enough! —So we should try ________ to protect it.A．hard B．hardly C．hardest D．harder27．（2023·四川广元·统考一模）—Lucy, your English has improved so much. How did you do it?—Nothing difficult. The ________ you work at it, the more progress you will make.A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．more hardly28．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）—Do you think robots can do things as ________ as man?—I don’t think so.A．well B．good C．better29．（2023·重庆綦江·校联考一模）—Who will you miss ________ of all the teachers after graduation?—My headteacher, Miss Huang.A．more B．the best C．the most D．the more30．（2023·江西抚州·统考一模）Daniel asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because he had to catch the last train.A．quickly B．more quickly C．the most quickly D．less quickly二、语法选择（2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模）Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut? In October 2022, the astronaut Scott 31 his fantastic experiences in space with some kids. Scott was accepted into the astronaut training program 32 1996. Then he learned to fly a space plane. “I worked really hard on it,” he said about 33 training. He took part in four space 34 from 1999 to 2016. His first task was a repair trip. On his second trip, he was the task leader. In 2011, he finished his third task. He 35 to set off on a 340-day task by the Space Engineering Office. It was a five-month stay on the International Space Station. It would become one of 36 trips in space. The main purpose was to study 37 after a long space flight（飞行）. Scott went to space. His brother, Mark, stayed on Earth. Then scientists were able 38 them. Because they are twins and have 39 same DNA．There’s still a lot to learn about the effects of space flights on the body. And there’s always work to be done in space. For those kids who want to become astronauts, Scott has some advice. “Choose something that you like,” he says, “because 40 you like it, you’ ll do better at it.”31．A．shares B．will share C．shared D．is sharing32．A．in B．at C．on D．of33．A．he B．his C．him D．himself34．A．skill B．skills C．task D．tasks35．A．chooses B．chose C．was chosen D．is chosen36．A．longer B．the longest C．heavier D．the heaviest37．A．what the human body would be like B．what would the human body be likeC．how the human body would be like D．how would the human body be like38．A．invite B．to invite C．compare D．to compare39．A．/ B．the C．a D．an40．A．before B．unless C．if D．though一、单项选择1．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—Life is like a road. It isn’t always ________.—I can’t agree more. So we should learn to deal with all kinds of difficulties.A．smooth B．silent C．serious D．special2．（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）— Tim is an excellent boy. Everyone likes him.— Yes, his grandparents are very ________ of him.A．proud B．funny C．excited D．afraid3．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Did you go on a school trip last weekend? —Yes. We visited the science museum. It was really ________ and all of us enjoyed ourselves.A．interested B．boring C．interesting4．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet5．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon.—Yeah. It will be more ________ for us to travel to Xi’an.A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional6．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much ________ than the others in his class.A．stronger B．thinner C．smaller D．weaker7．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because of her cute looks.A．popular B．public C．proper D．private8．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）Parents should teach their children to behave ________ in public.A．properly B．clearly C．importantly D．widely9．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）Short-form videos can ________ catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin.A．easily B．widely C．luckily D．seriously10．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）People in Qinghai are working hard. That’s why Qinghai is developing so ________.A．regularly B．rapidly C．suddenly11．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）— What should we take when going birdwatching? — You’d better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see more ________.A．quietly B．clearly C．politely D．seriously12．（2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Tom, you haven’t changed at all—you still look __________ the same.A．especially B．exactly C．possibly D．hardly13．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Have you ever watched Xiangyang Flower-Drum Opera?—No, never. Perhaps it should be introduced _________ to young people.A．heavily B．cheaply C．widely D．nearly14．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）If you want to borrow books from the school library, ________ forget your ID card.A．always B．never C．sometimes D．hardly15．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Jenny is going to buy a pair of glasses because she can ________ see things clearly these days.A．already B．hardly C．well D．almost16．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Why do you hardly make mistakes?— Because I do everything very _______.A．carelessly B．unluckily C．carefully D．comfortably17．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Which teacher will you miss most after junior high school, Clara? —Mr. Lee. He is always ________ with me in math class.A．careful B．patient C．busy18．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—Are you going to ride your bike to the beach?—Yes. It’s ________ of all.A．convenient B．more convenient C．most convenient D．the most convenient19．（2022·北京·统考中考真题）After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．the strongest20．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Today is much ________ than yesterday. Nice!A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．the coolest21．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I think swimming is one of _______ sports in our school．A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular22．（2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Andy doesn’t like junk food at all, so she ________ eats it.A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never23．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）Although he failed many times, he ________ gave up his dream.A．nearly B．never C．often D．always24．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）Tina gets up early every morning, so she is ________ late for school.A．often B．always C．usually D．never25．The soup tastes ________ because it’s too salty. I put salt into it too ________ in a hurry.A．terribly; carefully B．terrible; careful C．terrible; carelessly D．terribly; careless 分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末一般直接加er和estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词以e结尾，只加r和stbravewidebraverwiderbravestwidest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和mostdifficultexpensivemore difficultmore expensivemost difficultmost expensive少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, much许多的moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离远的farthest距离最远farfurther距离更远；程度更胜furthest距离最远；程度最深oldolder/elderoldest/eldest后缀示例名词+-yhealth-healthy; noise-noisy; leaf-leafy; sun-sunny; rain-rainy; snow-snowy名词+-fulpower-powerful; peace-peaceful; beauty-beautiful; wonder-wonderful;help-helpful; faith-faithful; shame-shameful; thank-thankful名词+-lesscare-careless; hope-hopeless; use-useless; wire-wireless名词+-icenergy-energetic; base-basic名词+-enwood-wooden；gold—golden; wool-woolen名词+-al/-ialnation-national；education—educational；nature—natural名词＋ishfool-foolish; self-selfish; boy-boyish; child—childish名词＋ousdanger-dangerous; courage-courageous; fame-famous名词＋lyfriend-friendly; order-orderly; day-daily名词/动词＋ableadvise-advisable; comfort-comfortable; value-valuable动词＋iveact-active; impress-impressive前缀示例extra-超出，特别extraordinary非凡的；extra-large特大的 anti- 反；抗antinuclear反对使用核武的；anti-Japanese war抗日战争un- 不，非unable不能的；unhappy不快乐的in- 不，非inactive不活动的；inconvenient不方便的 im- 不，非impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的 ir- 不，非irregular不规则的；irresponsible无责任感的il- 不，非illegal非法的；illogical不合逻辑的non- 不，非nonviolent非暴力的；nonprofit非盈利的情况构成示词一般情况加lyquick—quickly，brave—bravely，immediate—immediately以辅音字母＋y结尾将y改为i再加lyeasy—easily, happy—happily，heavy—heavily, busy—busily以le结尾去e加ysimple—simply，gentle—gently，terrible-terribly以元音字母＋e结尾去e加lytrue—truly以ll结尾只加yfull—fully, dull—dully以ic结尾加allybasic—basically，scientific—scientifically情况形容词副词（抽象含义）deep深的The hole is deep.这个洞很深。深地；在深处He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。deeply深深地；深刻地He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。wide宽阔的；宽的The river is 10 meters wide.关阔地；充分地Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。widely广泛地English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。high高的 高；向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。highly高度地；非常He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。close近的；亲密的；仔细的He is my close friend.他是我关系很好的朋友。挨着；接近Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。closely密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。
►第14讲 形容词、副词 （讲义）【复习目标】 1.熟练掌握形容词和副词的句法功能和分类；2.掌握形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化；3.掌握修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式；4.掌握倍数表达法；5.掌握形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法6.掌握易混易错形容词和副词 【考情分析】 形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。4.形容词的比较级和最高级。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。 【网络构建】 考向一形容词和副词的句法功能和分类 一、形容词的分类形容词的句法功能二、副词的基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。►We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。►He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。►＂What happened?＂I asked, rather angrily. ＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。►In spring, I can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。►Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？►He will arrive before ten o’clock.（介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：1. 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still1）表示发生时间的副词：►It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。►She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：►He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2. 地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home1）有不少表示地点的副词：►She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：①用作介词：Stand up!起立！②用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。3. 方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：►How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：►She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：►He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4. 程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite5. 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never6. 疑问副词：where, how, why7. 否定副词：no, not, neither, nor8. 其他副词：also, too, only考向二 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化一 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化注意：有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。不规则变化注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)考向三 修饰比较级和最高级的标志词和相关句式一 比较级和最高级的标志词修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。The students study even harder than before.学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class.他比班里其他人都起得早。less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best.在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。（7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词er＋and＋形容词/副词er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。Things are getting better and better day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。（8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice.我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。易混点：类似用法的结构：can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。（2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。考向四 倍数表达法A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BA is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BA is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋BThe＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋BA is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句考向五 形容词后缀、形容词变副词构词法一 名词、动词加上后缀构成形容词二 常用形容词前缀三 形容词变副词规则易错易混点: 以ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 lively精力充沛的 lonely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的deadly致命的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 考向六 易混易错形容词和副词 既可作形容词又可作副词且有ly表抽象概念(有ly)的词2．有无ly意义大不相同的副词eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(dead完全地，全然地be dead asleep,deadly非常be deadly tired))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(pretty相当be pretty certain that ... ,prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(late晚，迟arrive late， come late,lately最近；近来I haven't seen him lately.))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(hard 努力地work hard,hardly 几乎不He has hardly eat anything.))一、单项选择1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—Do you like English?—Yes. But I think it’s ________ subject of all.A．the easiest B．the most difficult C．the most interesting D．the most boring2．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）—Guess what! The farmers made Tian’anmen Square model with millions of corns. —Wow! There are always many ________ people around us!A．local B．creative C．tiny D．humorous3．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）—Why do so many people like blind boxes like POPMART?—I think it’s because people will easily get ________ about something uncertain.A．excited B．bored C．relaxed D．worried4．（2023·重庆江北·校考三模）As a postman in a lonely village, Mr. Zhang thinks his job ________ because he helps the villagers keep in touch with their families.A．comfortable B．terrible C．valuable D．possible5．（2023·福建·校联考三模）—Will everyone take part in the concert tonight? —I’m afraid not. Jack will be ________ because he is preparing for his speech.A．nervous B．patient C．absent6．（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）—Shall we run quickly to escape when we are on fire? —Of course not. It’s said to be even more ________ to do that.A．dangerous B．delicious C．difficult7．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）It is ________ of that man to wait for a long time on such a hot day.A．patient B．curious C．imaginative D．careful8．（2023·河北石家庄·校联考一模）—Are you going to get to airport by bus?—I’d rather take a taxi. It’s ________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．the quickest D．the cheapest9．（2023·湖北武汉·统考二模）—It’s really hard for me to make a choice!—You can turn to Marie for help. She’s always a ________ thinker.A．fresh B．clear C．straight D．typical10．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）—What do you think of the service of this store? —It’s ________. The waiters are patient with customers.A．useful B．painful C．wonderful D．awful11．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中学校考三模）We shouldn’t depend on our parents too much. It’s ________ for us to make our own decision.A．important B．impossible C．impatient12．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Would you like to go bike riding with us tonight? —It’s worth trying, but my mom will ________ disagree.A．properly B．probably C．perfectly13．（2023·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Sir, would you mind speaking more __________? I can’t follow you. —Of course not.A．slowly B．politely C．quickly14．（2023·重庆大渡口·统考一模）The waiters of the restaurant treat people ________. They always serve them with big smiles on their faces.A．wisely B．completely C．differently D．politely15．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）Alice watched TV the whole afternoon ________ to kill the boring time.A．simply B．suddenly C．differently D．quickly16．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）Emily is a kind girl. She is ________ ready to help people in need.A．sometimes B．never C．hardly D．always17．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）My father gets up early every morning, so he is ________ late for work.A．often B．nearly C．never D．always18．（2023·安徽宿州·统考二模）—Look! How ______ it rains. I’m afraid we have to put off the plan of camping.—What a pity! Hope it will be sunny soon.A．quickly B．heavily C．greatly D．directly19．（2023·安徽安庆·安庆市第二中学校考二模）The member of the team join hands with each other, so the work goes on ________.A．poorly B．carelessly C．peacefully D．smoothly20．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）The price of oil is much ________ than before, so many people go to work by bus instead of by car.A．high B．higher C．the highest21．（2023·吉林长春·吉林省第二实验学校校考二模）________ you get to know about Chinese culture, ________ you love this mysterious country.A．The better, the better B．The more, the moreC．The more seriously, the more serious D．The longer, the longer22．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考三模）— Are you going to the airport by bus?— I’d rather take a taxi. It’s much ________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．the quickest D．the cheapest23．（2023·重庆铜梁·重庆市巴川中学校校考二模）Home is _______ place wherever we go. As we know, “East or west, home is the best.”A．warm B．warmer C．the warmer D．the warmest24．（2023·上海黄浦·统考三模）Country life isn’t always as ________ as city life, villagers think.A．peaceful B．more peaceful C．most peaceful D．the most peaceful25．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）—How do you like Jason’s books?—I think they are interesting. The more I read them, ________ I like them.A．the more B．the least C．the less26．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）—We’re doing a lot to protect our environment, but it’s not enough! —So we should try ________ to protect it.A．hard B．hardly C．hardest D．harder27．（2023·四川广元·统考一模）—Lucy, your English has improved so much. How did you do it?—Nothing difficult. The ________ you work at it, the more progress you will make.A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．more hardly28．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）—Do you think robots can do things as ________ as man?—I don’t think so.A．well B．good C．better29．（2023·重庆綦江·校联考一模）—Who will you miss ________ of all the teachers after graduation?—My headteacher, Miss Huang.A．more B．the best C．the most D．the more30．（2023·江西抚州·统考一模）Daniel asked the taxi driver to drive a little ________ because he had to catch the last train.A．quickly B．more quickly C．the most quickly D．less quickly二、语法选择（2023·陕西宝鸡·统考二模）Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut? In October 2022, the astronaut Scott 31 his fantastic experiences in space with some kids. Scott was accepted into the astronaut training program 32 1996. Then he learned to fly a space plane. “I worked really hard on it,” he said about 33 training. He took part in four space 34 from 1999 to 2016. His first task was a repair trip. On his second trip, he was the task leader. In 2011, he finished his third task. He 35 to set off on a 340-day task by the Space Engineering Office. It was a five-month stay on the International Space Station. It would become one of 36 trips in space. The main purpose was to study 37 after a long space flight（飞行）. Scott went to space. His brother, Mark, stayed on Earth. Then scientists were able 38 them. Because they are twins and have 39 same DNA．There’s still a lot to learn about the effects of space flights on the body. And there’s always work to be done in space. For those kids who want to become astronauts, Scott has some advice. “Choose something that you like,” he says, “because 40 you like it, you’ ll do better at it.”31．A．shares B．will share C．shared D．is sharing32．A．in B．at C．on D．of33．A．he B．his C．him D．himself34．A．skill B．skills C．task D．tasks35．A．chooses B．chose C．was chosen D．is chosen36．A．longer B．the longest C．heavier D．the heaviest37．A．what the human body would be like B．what would the human body be likeC．how the human body would be like D．how would the human body be like38．A．invite B．to invite C．compare D．to compare39．A．/ B．the C．a D．an40．A．before B．unless C．if D．though一、单项选择1．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—Life is like a road. It isn’t always ________.—I can’t agree more. So we should learn to deal with all kinds of difficulties.A．smooth B．silent C．serious D．special2．（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）— Tim is an excellent boy. Everyone likes him.— Yes, his grandparents are very ________ of him.A．proud B．funny C．excited D．afraid3．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Did you go on a school trip last weekend? —Yes. We visited the science museum. It was really ________ and all of us enjoyed ourselves.A．interested B．boring C．interesting4．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet5．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon.—Yeah. It will be more ________ for us to travel to Xi’an.A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional6．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much ________ than the others in his class.A．stronger B．thinner C．smaller D．weaker7．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Hua Hua—a panda at Chengdu Giant Panda Base is ________ because of her cute looks.A．popular B．public C．proper D．private8．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）Parents should teach their children to behave ________ in public.A．properly B．clearly C．importantly D．widely9．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）Short-form videos can ________ catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin.A．easily B．widely C．luckily D．seriously10．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）People in Qinghai are working hard. That’s why Qinghai is developing so ________.A．regularly B．rapidly C．suddenly11．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）— What should we take when going birdwatching? — You’d better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see more ________.A．quietly B．clearly C．politely D．seriously12．（2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Tom, you haven’t changed at all—you still look __________ the same.A．especially B．exactly C．possibly D．hardly13．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Have you ever watched Xiangyang Flower-Drum Opera?—No, never. Perhaps it should be introduced _________ to young people.A．heavily B．cheaply C．widely D．nearly14．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）If you want to borrow books from the school library, ________ forget your ID card.A．always B．never C．sometimes D．hardly15．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Jenny is going to buy a pair of glasses because she can ________ see things clearly these days.A．already B．hardly C．well D．almost16．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Why do you hardly make mistakes?— Because I do everything very _______.A．carelessly B．unluckily C．carefully D．comfortably17．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Which teacher will you miss most after junior high school, Clara? —Mr. Lee. He is always ________ with me in math class.A．careful B．patient C．busy18．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—Are you going to ride your bike to the beach?—Yes. It’s ________ of all.A．convenient B．more convenient C．most convenient D．the most convenient19．（2022·北京·统考中考真题）After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．the strongest20．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Today is much ________ than yesterday. Nice!A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．the coolest21．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I think swimming is one of _______ sports in our school．A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular22．（2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Andy doesn’t like junk food at all, so she ________ eats it.A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never23．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）Although he failed many times, he ________ gave up his dream.A．nearly B．never C．often D．always24．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）Tina gets up early every morning, so she is ________ late for school.A．often B．always C．usually D．never25．The soup tastes ________ because it’s too salty. I put salt into it too ________ in a hurry.A．terribly; carefully B．terrible; careful C．terrible; carelessly D．terribly; careless 分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末一般直接加er和estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词以e结尾，只加r和stbravewidebraverwiderbravestwidest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和mostdifficultexpensivemore difficultmore expensivemost difficultmost expensive少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, much许多的moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离远的farthest距离最远farfurther距离更远；程度更胜furthest距离最远；程度最深oldolder/elderoldest/eldest后缀示例名词+-yhealth-healthy; noise-noisy; leaf-leafy; sun-sunny; rain-rainy; snow-snowy名词+-fulpower-powerful; peace-peaceful; beauty-beautiful; wonder-wonderful;help-helpful; faith-faithful; shame-shameful; thank-thankful名词+-lesscare-careless; hope-hopeless; use-useless; wire-wireless名词+-icenergy-energetic; base-basic名词+-enwood-wooden；gold—golden; wool-woolen名词+-al/-ialnation-national；education—educational；nature—natural名词＋ishfool-foolish; self-selfish; boy-boyish; child—childish名词＋ousdanger-dangerous; courage-courageous; fame-famous名词＋lyfriend-friendly; order-orderly; day-daily名词/动词＋ableadvise-advisable; comfort-comfortable; value-valuable动词＋iveact-active; impress-impressive前缀示例extra-超出，特别extraordinary非凡的；extra-large特大的 anti- 反；抗antinuclear反对使用核武的；anti-Japanese war抗日战争un- 不，非unable不能的；unhappy不快乐的in- 不，非inactive不活动的；inconvenient不方便的 im- 不，非impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的 ir- 不，非irregular不规则的；irresponsible无责任感的il- 不，非illegal非法的；illogical不合逻辑的non- 不，非nonviolent非暴力的；nonprofit非盈利的情况构成示词一般情况加lyquick—quickly，brave—bravely，immediate—immediately以辅音字母＋y结尾将y改为i再加lyeasy—easily, happy—happily，heavy—heavily, busy—busily以le结尾去e加ysimple—simply，gentle—gently，terrible-terribly以元音字母＋e结尾去e加lytrue—truly以ll结尾只加yfull—fully, dull—dully以ic结尾加allybasic—basically，scientific—scientifically情况形容词副词（抽象含义）deep深的The hole is deep.这个洞很深。深地；在深处He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。deeply深深地；深刻地He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。wide宽阔的；宽的The river is 10 meters wide.关阔地；充分地Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。widely广泛地English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。high高的 高；向高处He jumps high.他跳的很高。highly高度地；非常He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。close近的；亲密的；仔细的He is my close friend.他是我关系很好的朋友。挨着；接近Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。closely密切地 Listen closely.仔细地听。
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