山西省阳泉市2024届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山西省阳泉市2024届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
The fllwing 4 famus paintings — frm Jan van Eyck's prtrait t Pabl Picass's masterpiece — have std the test f time.
The Amlfini Prtrait
Jan van Eyck’s Amlfini Prtrait, an il painting n wd prduced in 1434, in which a man and a wman hld hands with a windw behind him and a bed behind her, is undubtedly ne f the masterpieces in the Natinal Gallery, Lndn. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is als an infrmative dcument n fifteenth-century sciety, thrugh van Eyck's heavy use f symblism — while husbands went ut t engage in business, wives cncerned themselves with dmestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Ggh painted The Starry Night, il n canvas (帆布), a mderately abstract landscape painting f an expressive night sky ver a small hillside village, during his 12-mnth stay at the mental hspital near Saint–Remy-de-Prvence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum f Mdern Art in New Yrk City purchased the painting frm a private cllectr in 1941, it was nt well knwn, but it has since becme ne f van Ggh's mst famus wrks.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an il painting n wd cmpleted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which mst cmmnly ccurred within the mnths f August and September. Niclaes Jnghelinck, a merchant banker and art cllectr frm Antwerp, cmmissined this painting. The painting has been at the Metrplitan Museum f Art in New Yrk City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white il painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pabl Picass in 1937. The title 'Guernica' refers t the city that was bmbed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the hrrrs f war and as a result, has cme t be an anti-war symbl and a reminder f the tragedies f war. Tday, the painting is hused at the Muse Nacinal Centr de Arte Reina Sfia in Madrid.
1．Which f the fllwing paintings was prduced earliest?
A. Guernica.B. The Harvesters.
C. The Starry Night.D. The Amlfini Prtrait.
2．Wh created the painting describing the harvest seasns?
A. Pieter Bruegel the Elder.B. Vincent van Ggh.
C. Jan van Eyck.D. Pabl Picass.
3．What d we knw abut the paintingThe Starry Night?
A. It was painted n wd in ils.
B. It was dnated by a private cllectr.
C. It wasn't widely recgnized befre 1941.
D. It was given away t the museum by a cllectr.
After 18 years f devtin t rhythmic gymnastics, Fanni Pigniczki claimed the gld medal n the internatinal stage. The 23-year-ld Hungarian tpped the pdium (领奖台) nt just nce but twice!
In a remarkable display f skill and determinatin, she secured victries in bth the individual all-arund and Ball at Chengdu Sprt University Gymnasium. “It was an amazing feeling t see the Hungarian flag rising up,” Pigniczki said after the medal ceremny. At the Chengdu games, Hungary has secured three gld medals, with Pigniczki, the cuntry’s nly rhythmic gymnast then, respnsible fr tw f thse. But it was nt withut a sense f regret — her errrs in the cncluding pse denied her a medal in anther rund. Pigniczki vwed t learn frm that setback. “I need t imprve my stability in the cming training.” she said.
Actually, this psitive attitude shuld be credited t her psychlgy backgrund at Karli Gaspar University in Budapest. This majr benefits her athletic pursuits, helping her t better manage her emtins. “I have learned t stay calmer and think less during cmpetitin. I have als learned that I need t relax and cncentrate n the ‘nw’ f cmpetitin,” added Pigniczki.
“When I was a kid, I tried all kinds f activities like swimming, basketball, and ballet. Seeing the sparking utfit, I fell in lve with rhythmic gymnastics instantly. But what truly attracts me is the feeling f readiness in the sprt, as I culd always imprve mre.” she said. It is this feeling that has mtivated her t set numerus recrds fr Hungarian rhythmic gymnastics. Her utstanding perfrmances at the 2021 Eurpean champinships earned her a spt at the delayed Tky Olympics. Pigniczki became the first Hungarian rhythmic gymnast t grace the Olympic stage since Viktria Frater at the Sydney 2000 Games. At the Olympics, she finished 20th in the qualificatin rund fr the individual all-arund. Last year, she cntinued t make histry by becming the first Hungarian t claim a Wrld Cup medal in rhythmic gymnastics.
Her rle in inspiring the next generatin f gymnasts was recgnized in May when she was hnred with the Smart Scring Shting Star award.
4．What was Pigniczki’s ntatin twards her errrs in cmpetitin?
A. She lked dwn upn them directly.
B. She had strng sense f regret fr them.
C. She prmised never t make them again.
D. She analyzed them with stable emtin.
5．What attracts Pigniczki mst in rhythmic gymnastics accrding t paragraph 4?
A. The gld medals she wn fr her cuntry.
B. The pprtunities t perfrm at Olympics.
C. The feeling f making imprvement cnstantly.
D. The attractive utfit she saw fr the first time.
6．Which wrd best describes this Hungarian rhythmic gymnast?
A. Mtivated.B. Respnsible.C. Dminated.D. Predictable
7．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Pride ges befre a fall.
B. Care and diligence bring luck.
C. The pwer f example is endless.
D. All the rads lead t Rme.
Whether explring distant universe r dashing abut a fantasy wrld, virtual reality has immersed humans in extrardinary places. Nw, it seems, mice will be able t jin us.
Researchers have develped a pair f virtual reality “gggles” that can bring the mice int varius situatins, frm navigating mazes (导航迷宫) t experiencing the threat f natural enemies.
With a pair f lenses (镜片) and screens munted n stands either side f a muse’s head, the recently updated versin f “gggles” prvides each eye f mice with a 180-degreefield f view. The researchers placed the animals n a treadmill (跑步机) in frnt f a large screen displaying a digital scene, with their heads fixed t mnitr the brain activities. This nt nly allws mice t see the virtual envirnment in 3D and gets rid f visual clues f the lab, but ffers a way t present virtual images frm abve —fr example, f a hvering hawk. This stimulatin causes mice t freeze r flee the same as they react in real envirnment t survive a hungry bird attack in the wild. When the mice frze, activity frm neurns (神经元) in their brains invlved in navigatin suggested they were in a different lcatin frm where they actually were. “It was as if they were thinking abut where they wuld rather be — a safe, cvered lcatin up ahead.” Dmbeck said, adding such results might help explain hw imaginatin arises in the brain.
The team are als wrking t identify neurns invlved in frming memries when mice navigate a maze, as well as which cnnectins between them are imprved t frm memries. Answering these questins will help us understand hw ur brains knw where we are in the wrld arund us, hw we frm memries f thse experiences, and ultimately hw thse memries are degraded in neurdegenerative diseases.
8．What might the mice see and d wearing “gggles”？
A. It will always see a hawk in the fields.
B. It will enjy an amazing 3D fictin mvie.
C. It will ntice the surrundings in the lab.
D. It will detect virtual dangers frm abve.
9．What des the underlined wrd “munted” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Be attached.B. Be displayed.C. Be cllected.D. Be hatched.
10．What d research intend t achieve eventually thrugh this research?
A. T teach mice hw t face the virtual reality by itself.
B. T study hw imaginatin arises smthly in the brain.
C. T remind mice hw t escape frm appraching dangers.
D. T explre hw memries are degraded in neurn diseases.
11．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Mice take pleasure in the virtual reality.
B. Gggles n mice benefit brain research.
C. Gggles play a key rle in the research.
D. VR helps mice navigate mazes successfully.
Ever wndered why yur partner is up with the lark (百灵鸟) while yu are happily sleeping till nn? It culd be thanks t Neanderthal genes, accrding t a new study.
Scientists cmparing ancient DNA with the genetics f mdern humans discvered a “striking trend”, said Jhn Capra, an epidemilgist (流行病学家) at the University f Califrnia in San Francisc. The researchers fund that the Neanderthal genes that remain affect the bdy clck —increasing tendency t be a mrning persn.
Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes (纬度) than ur ancestrs wh migrated frm Africa — further away frm the equatr, with the days lnger in summer and shrter in winter. “The gene that makes peple early risers likely enables mre rapid alignment (协调一致) f the circadian clck (生物钟) with changing seasnal light patterns,” Dr Capra said, “when Neanderthals were able t make the mst f daylight hurs t hunt.”
Scientists have previusly explred hw the circadian rhythms f insects, plants, and fish have develped depending n latitude. But that hasn’t been well studied in humans. There searchers wanted t see whether there was a genetic reasn fr differences in circadian rhythms between Neanderthals and mdern peple, and fund 16 variants (变异体) assciated with greater “mrningness”. They suspected that as Neanderthals and the ancestrs f mdern humans mated, peple tday culd have fllwed Neanderthal “circadian variants”.
T test this, scientists analyse the genetics f several hundred thusand peple frm the UK Bibank and fund many f the variants that affect sleep preference. “Mst nticeably, they fund that these variants increase mrningness,” the researchers said. This is cnsistent with what has been fund in ther animals that have adapted t living at a high latitude, as Neanderthals did.
12．Why des the authr mentin “yur partner is up with the lark” in paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the fllwing cntext.
B. T cmpare tw mrning life styles.
C. T praise thse wh get up early.
D. T express gratitude t Neanderthals.
13．What is the rt fr Neanderthals’ mrningness accrding t paragraph 3?
A. The capability f hunting animals.
B. The genes frm African ancestrs.
C. The envirnment at higher latitudes.
D. The daylight hurs arund their habitats.
14．What can be inferred in paragraph 4?
A. Mrningness in human is unlike that in plants.
B. Insects’ circadian rhythms are impacted by latitude.
C. Scientists have previusly studied the genes f animals.
D. The genes f Neanderthals is the nly reasn fr mrningness.
15．Hw did researchers prve their suspectin?
A. By analyzing statistics f the subjects.
B. By bserving peple’s sleeping habits.
C. By interviewing participants in the experiment.
D. By cmparing sleep preference amng human and animals.
二、七选五
16．Lw and n mtivatin can be a sign f a serius prblem like depressin r anxiety. Are yu experiencing lng-term anxiety? Everything yu need t d can leave yu t feel scary and hard because yu are cnstantly thinking f what culd g wrng. ① _________ Especially, nw! The fllwing tips can be yur slutin.
Dn’t “eat the frg.”
The idea f eating the frg refers t ding the task yu are least mtivated t d first. Ask yurself, “② _________” Fr example, if yu’d like t g fr a run but yu can’t get yurself t d that, then ging fr a walk is better than staying in bed. But if yu’re feeling lw, trying t d yur hardest task first can lead t yu nt getting ut f bed.
③ _________
Plan t wrk n a high-pririty task fr 90 minutes, then take a break. Wuld yu like t take a walk r lie ut in the sun? Wuld yu like t brwse swimsuits fr a vacatin yu have cming up? ④ _________ If yu wait t chse what yu will d fr yur break until yu are already exhausted frm a perid f fcused wrk, yu may nt make a very satisfying chice. When yu chse in advance, yu are likely t make a mre rewarding chice.
Fuel yurself
Understand hw fuel influences yur persnal cncentratin, fcus, and mtivatin. Test ut what wrks fr yu. Fr example, try eating a high-prtein ygurt and see if that gives yu the little bst yu need. ⑤ _________ Small imprvements can be hard t ntice if yu are nt paying clse attentin. Cnsider structured self-experimentatin like trying a strategy every day fr a week, then n days fr a week, and cmparing.
A. Plan yur reward.
B. Yu are nt alne.
C. Wuld yu like t message a friend?
D. D a few minutes f quick but satisfying tasks.
E. Planning and chsing take enrmus mental energy.
F. Physical bsts may have meaningful but small effects.
G. What’s the mst prductive task that is within my capacity right nw?
三、完形填空（15空）
A New Yrk mther and daughter have earned their cllege degrees tgether n the same day, carrying ut a 1 dream fr bth f them.
With her tddler in tw, Tanisha Wiggins, 36, walked acrss the stage alngside her mther, Barbara Wiggins, 58, at their cllege, Onndaga Cmmunity Cllege in New Yrk. They were bth awarded 2 in human services.
Tanisha drpped ut f cllege in 2007, 3 frm depressin. Years later after receiving 4 health care, she was n her feet again. In 2021, Tanisha and her mther were 5 t cllege tgether. It was her mther’s 6 and the desire t set a gd example fr her children that helped her 7 the finish line. “We are finally here,” Tanisha hugged her mther, with tears f 8 springing up in the eyes. “Yes, hney!” Barbara replied in a 9 vice, “We made it!”
“My mm prved everyne 10 that thught she wuldn’t be able t d it. She really gt thrugh it at her age. Nw with tutring and 1 , she went every single day and never stpped. It didn’t 12 what the weather was, she went.” she tld ABC(American Bradcasting Cmpany).
Barbara was wrking as a dula(产妇陪护) befre enrlling in cllege, and 13 her General Educatinal Develpment(CED). “Althugh the experience was 14 , blessed. I cnvince effrts always 15 .” Barbara summed up in her graduatin speech.
17．A. lifelngB. lvelyC. everlastingD. rmantic
18．A. degreesB. curseC. schlarshipD. prize
19．A. survivingB. infectingC. fallingD. suffering
20．A. physicalB. emtinalC. mentalD. intellectual
21．A. discveredB. admittedC. nticedD. cmmitted
22．A. attentinB. pwerC. supprtD. permissin
23．A. pushB. cutC. reachD. crss
24．A. effrtB. happinessC. curageD. regretfulness
25．A. lwB. strngC. firmD. weak
26．A. uneasyB. reasnableC. rightD. wrng
27．A. everythingB. smethingC. anythingD. nthing
28．A. cuntB. matterC. challengeD. mean
29．A. deniedB. acceptedC. cmpletedD. failed
30．A. stressfulB. nrmalC. specialD. ppular
31．A. put ffB. pay ffC. get ffD. carry ff
四、短文填空
32．Hiking the Lngji Rice Terraces (梯田) in suthern China is smething I wuld recmmend fr everyne t add t their bucket list. The name① _________ (literal) means “Dragn’s Backbne” due t the fact that the rice terraces lk just like a dragn’s scales, while the muntain’s summit ② _________ (bear) a likeness t the backbne.
During my visit t Guilin, I decided t set ut n a three-day hike thrugh the famus Lngji Rice Terraces. Knwn as the “Dragn’s Backbne”, the terraces were ③ _________incredible sight as they stretched acrss the green hills in cmplicated patterns lking like ripples f water.
The hike ④ _________ (take) me thrugh small villages set against the beautiful landscape. Lcal farmers were busy tending t the terraced rice fields that had been farmed fr ver 1,000 years. Alng the paths, I passed range grves and met friendly lcals ⑤ _________ ffered me fresh lychee.
At night, I stayed in simple hme stays run by farming families. Over multi-curse meals⑥ _________ (feature) lcal specialties like sticky rice, I learned ⑦ _________ (much) abut the terraces and village life. The feeling f cmmunity spirit and cnnectin t the natural envirnment was unique.
Reaching the hike’s end after three full days, I felt a prfund⑧ _________ (appreciate) fr these ancient agricultural wnders carefully built int the landscape⑨ _________ generatins f families. The Dragn’s Backbne terraces prvided me with unfrgettable muntain views⑩ _________ cultural insights int rural China.
五、书面表达
33．你校的校报栏目T My Dear Schl正在面向全校高中毕业生征集毕业感言。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 回顾在校的生活和收获；
2. 表达感激与不舍；
3. 献上祝福。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
T My Dear Schl
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六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jack was a bright and curius child, always eager t learn new things and explre the mysterius wrld abut science. Hwever, he ften fund himself in disagreement with his mther. His mther was always busy with her wrk and she didn’t have enugh time t learn abut his interests and passins.
One day, Jack came hme frm schl feeling particularly excited. He just fund a sci-fi bk abut an adventure n the mn. Upn arriving at hme, he culdn’t tear himself away frm the bk. He read and read until it was dark. Having finished reading it, he culdn’t wait t share it with his mther, nly t be tld that he shuld fcus n mre practical subjects like math and histry, which wuld help him get int a gd cllege and have a successful career.
Jack culdn’t understand why his mther didn’t see the value in what he was ding. He felt that she was hlding him back and nt allwing him t pursue his true interests. “Why can’t yu see hw imprtant this is t me?” Jack asked his mther angrily. “I’m never ging t be happy if I have t spend my life ding things that I shw n interest in just because they are practical r make yu prud.”
The nce peaceful hme was filled with tensin and anger. His mther’s vice grew luder as she shuted, “Yu can’t just d whatever yu want! Yu shuld be respnsible fr yur future!” Jack, fueled by his wn frustratin, sht back, “I am tired f yu always telling me what t d! I am nt a child anymre! Yu nly care abut yur wn feeling! Yu never thught abut my feeling!” They were s caught up in their wn anger and hurt that they failed t see hw their wrds and actins were affecting each ther.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Jack rushed int his bedrm and lcked the dr heavily.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When Jack heard his mther’s wrds, regretful tears rlled dwn his face.
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参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段The Amlfini Prtrait中的Jan van Eyck’s Amlfini Prtrait, an il painting n wd prduced in 1434第三段The Starry Night中的during his 12-mnth stay at the mental hspital near Saint-Remy-de-Prvence, France between 1889 and 1890.第四段The Harvesters中的The Harvesters is an il painting n wd cmpleted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.和第五段Guernica中的Guernica, a large black-and-white il painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pabl Picass in 1937.由此可知，The Amlfini Prtrait是最早创作的画。故选D。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据The Harvesters中的The Harvesters is an il painting n wd cmpleted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.“《收获者》是一幅木刻油画，由Pieter Bruegel the Elder于1565年完成。”可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder画了这幅描绘丰收季节的画。故选A。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据The Starry Night中的When the Museum f Mdem Art in New Yrk City purchased the painting frm a private cllectr in 1941, it was nt well knwn, but it has since becme ne f van Ggh's mst famus wrks.“1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。”可知，The Starry Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选C。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But it was nt withut a sense f regret—her errrs in the cncluding pse denied her a medal in anther rund. Pigniczki vwed t learn frm that setback. ‘I need t imprve my stability in the cming training.’ she said.(但也不无遗憾——她在最后一个姿势上的失误使她在另一轮比赛中失去了奖牌。Pigniczki发誓要从这次挫折中吸取教训。‘我需要在接下来的训练中提高我的稳定性。’她说。)”和第三段中的“This majr benefits her athletic pursuits, helping her t better manage her emtins.(这个专业有利于她的运动追求，帮助她更好地控制自己的情绪。)”可推知，对于她在比赛中的失误，她会情绪稳定地分析错误的原因，并在接下来有针对性地改进。故选D。
5．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what truly attracts me is the feeling f readiness in the sprt, as I culd always imprve mre.(但真正吸引我的是在这项运动中的准备感，因为我总是可以进步得更多。)”可知，艺术体操运动最吸引她的是她在体操运动中能够总是进步很多，让她有准备感。故选C。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It is this feeling that has mtivated her t set numerus recrds fr Hungarian rhythmic gymnastics.(正是这种感觉促使她创造了匈牙利艺术体操的多项纪录。)”可推知，她是一个很有动力的人，不断前进，在匈牙利艺术体操上创造了多项纪录。故选A。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her rle in inspiring the next generatin f gymnasts was recgnized in May when she was hnred with the Smart Scring Shting Star award.(她在激励下一代体操运动员方面所起的作用在5月份获得了表彰，她被授予‘聪明得分射击明星奖’。)”可知，她对下一代体操运动员有很大的激励作用，因此获得了表彰，由此可推测出，榜样的力量是无穷的。故选C。
8．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“This nt nly allws mice t see the virtual envirnment in 3D and gets rid f visual clues f the lab, but ffers a way t present virtual images frm abve —fr example, f a hvering hawk. This stimulatin causes mice t freeze r flee the same as they react in real envirnment t survive a hungry bird attack in the wild.(这不仅可以让老鼠看到3D的虚拟环境，摆脱实验室的视觉线索，而且还提供了一种从上面呈现虚拟图像的方法——例如，一只盘旋的鹰。这种刺激会使老鼠呆住或逃跑，就像它们在野外遇到饥饿的鸟袭击时的反应一样)”可知，戴着“护目镜”的老鼠将从上面探测到虚拟的危险。故选D。
9．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“n stands either side f a muse’s head, the recently updated versin f “gggles” prvides each eye f mice with a 180-degreefield f view”可知，老鼠头部两侧的支架上安装有一对透镜和屏幕，最近更新的“护目镜”为老鼠的每只眼睛提供了180度的视野。故划线词意思是“安装”，故选A。
10．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Answering these questins will help us understand hw ur brains knw where we are in the wrld arund us, hw we frm memries f thse experiences, and ultimately hw thse memries are degraded in neurdegenerative diseases. (回答这些问题将帮助我们了解大脑如何知道我们在周围世界中的位置，我们如何形成这些经历的记忆，以及最终这些记忆如何在神经退行性疾病中退化)”可知，通过这项研究，研究最终想要探索神经元疾病中记忆是如何退化的。故选D。
11．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段““It was as if they were thinking abut where they wuld rather be —a safe, cvered lcatin up ahead.” Dmbeck said, adding such results might help explain hw imaginatin arises in the brain.(“就好像他们在考虑他们更愿意待在哪里——一个安全的、有掩护的地方。”他补充说，这些结果可能有助于解释想象力是如何在大脑中产生的)”结合文章主要介绍了一项给老鼠戴上护目镜，来研究大脑活动的研究，解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。可知，B选项“给老鼠戴上护目镜有利于大脑研究”最符合文章标题。故选B。
12．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Ever wndered why yur partner is up with the lark (百灵鸟)while yu are happily sleeping till nn?It culd be thanks t Neanderthal genes ,accrding t a new study.(你有没有想过，为什么你的伴侣起得很早，而你却在快乐地睡到中午？根据一项新的研究，这可能要归功于尼安德特人的基因)”可知，while表示对比，后面说到你睡到中午，你的伴侣不同，所以，作者提到“你的伴侣起得很早”是为了介绍下面的研究背景。故选A。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Neanderthals lived at higher latitudes (纬度) than ur ancestrs wh migrated frm Africa — further away frm the equatr,with the days lnger in summer and shrter in winter. ‘The gene that makes peple early risers likely enables mre rapid alignment (协调一致) f the circadian clck (生物钟) with changing seasnal light patterns,’ Dr Capra said, ‘when Neanderthals were able t make the mst f daylight hurs t hunt.’(尼安德特人生活在比我们从非洲迁徙而来的祖先更高的纬度——远离赤道，夏季白昼更长，冬季白昼更短。卡普拉博士说：“使人们早起的基因可能使生物钟与季节光照模式的变化更迅速地保持一致，因为尼安德特人能够充分利用白天的时间打猎。”)”可知，尼安德特人早起是为了充分利用白天的时间打猎。由此可知，尼安德特人早起的根源是他们栖息地周围的白天时间。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientists have previusly explred hw the circadian rhythms f insects,plants,and fish have develped depending n latitude.(科学家们此前已经探索了昆虫、植物和鱼类的昼夜节律是如何随着纬度的变化而发展的)”可知，昆虫的昼夜节律受到纬度的影响。故选B。
15．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“T test this,scientists analyse the genetics f several hundred thusand peple frm the UK Bibank and fund many f the variants that affect sleep preference. “Mst nticeably, they fund that these variants increase mrningness,” the researchers said.This is cnsistent with what has been fund in ther animals that have adapted t living at a high latitude,as Neanderthals did.(为了验证这一点，科学家们分析了英国生物银行几十万人的基因，发现了许多影响睡眠偏好的变异。研究人员说：“最值得注意的是，他们发现这些变异增加了早起的习惯。”这与其他适应高纬度生活的动物的发现是一致的，比如尼安德特人)”可知，研究人员通过分析受试者的统计数据证明他们的怀疑。故选A。
16．答案：①-⑤BGAEF
解析：①上文“Lw and n mtivatin can be a sign f a serius prblem like depressin r anxiety. (缺乏动力可能是抑郁或焦虑等严重问题的征兆。)”说明缺乏动力可能会导致抑郁和焦虑，B项“你并不孤单”符合语境，说明很多人会出现这些状况，你并不孤单，承接下文“Especially, nw! The fllwing tips can be yur slutin.(特别是，现在！下面的建议可以是你的解决方案。)”引出下文关于解决动力缺乏问题的建议，故选B。
②上文“The idea f eating the frg refers t ding the task yu are least mtivated t d first.( “吃青蛙”指的是先做你最没有动力去做的事情。)”说到先做最困难的事情，下文“Fr example, if yu’d like t g fr a run but yu can’t get yurself t d that, then ging fr a walk is better than staying in bed.( 例如，如果你想去跑步，但你做不到，那么散步比躺在床上更好。)”举例说明做不到最困难的事情的情况下怎么做，G项“目前在我的能力范围内最有成效的任务是什么？”符合语境，与下文的举例相符，且承接上文“Ask yurself”说明空处是一个问题。故选G。
③空处是该部分的小标题，根据下文“Plan t wrk n a high-pririty task fr 90 minutes, then take a break. Wuld yu like t take a walk r lie ut in the sun? Wuld yu like t brwse swimsuits fr a vacatin yu have cming up?( 计划用90分钟做一件重要的事情，然后休息一下。你想出去散步还是躺在外面晒太阳？你想不想为即将到来的假期挑选一些泳装？)”可知，本段讲述了做完重要的事情后计划给自己一下奖励，A项“计划你的奖励”为最佳标题。故选A。
④下文“If yu wait t chse what yu will d fr yur break until yu are already exhausted frm a perid f fcused wrk, yu may nt make a very satisfying chice. When yu chse in advance, yu are likely t make a mre rewarding chice.( 如果你等到你已经从一段时间的专注工作中精疲力竭时才选择休息时间做什么，你可能不会做出一个非常令人满意的选择。当你提前选择时，你可能会做出更有价值的选择。)”说明不要等到筋疲力尽再选择对自己的奖励，提前选择会做出更有价值的选择，因此推断计划和选择需要大量的脑力。E项“计划和选择需要大量的脑力。”故选E。
⑤上文“Understand hw fuel influences yur persnal cncentratin, fcus, and mtivatin. Test ut what wrks fr yu. Fr example, try eating a high-prtein ygurt and see if that gives yu the little bst yu need.( 了解刺激因素如何影响你的个人注意力、专注力和动力。测试一下什么适合你。例如，试着吃高蛋白酸奶，看看它是否能给你带来你所需要的能量。)”说明要了解哪些因素对你的注意力，专注力等有影响，下文“Small imprvements can be hard t ntice if yu are nt paying clse attentin.(如果你没有密切关注，你很难注意到小的进步。)”说明要仔细关注才能注意到一些小的进步，因此推断F项“身体上的提升可能有意义，但效果很小。”符合语境，承上启下，故选F。
17．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一对纽约母女在同一天共同获得了大学学位，实现了她们两人一生的梦想。A. lifelng终身的，毕生的；B. lvely可爱的；C. everlasting永久的，永恒的；D. rmantic浪漫的。根据下文中的“Tanisha Wiggins, 36, walked acrss the stage alngside her mther, Barbara Wiggins, 58”可知，这对母女一个36岁，一个58岁，在这样的年纪还努力追求大学梦想，由此可见这是她们毕生的梦想。故选A。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们都获得了人类服务学位。A. degrees学位；B. curse课程；C. schlarship奖学金；D. prize奖品。根据第一段中的“A New Yrk mther and daughter have earned their cllege degrees”可知，她们俩获得了学位。故选A。
19．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tanisha于2007年因患抑郁症而辍学。A. surviving幸存；B. infecting传染，使感染；C. falling落下；D. suffering受苦，遭受。根据空后的“frm depressin”可知，Tanisha患上了抑郁症，suffer frm意为“患有”。故选D。
20．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年后，在接受精神健康护理后，她又站了起来。A. physical身体的，物理学的；B. emtinal情感的；C. mental精神的，精神病治疗的；D. intellectual智力的。根据上文中Tanisha于2007年因患抑郁症而辍学。和空后的“health care”可知，Tanisha患有抑郁症，她后来接受了精神健康治疗。故选C。
21．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，Tanisha和她的母亲一起考上了大学。A. discvered发现；B. admitted接收，准许……加入；C. nticed注意到；D. cmmitted做出（错事），犯（罪）。根据空后的“t cllege”和第一段中的“A New Yrk mther and daughter have earned their cllege degrees tgether n the same day”可知，这对母女一起考入了大学。故选B。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是母亲的支持和为孩子们树立好榜样的愿望帮助她冲过了终点线。A. attentin注意；B. pwer力量，权力；C. supprt支持；D. permissin准许，许可。根据and后可知，这里指的是帮助她取得成功的因素，即她母亲的支持。故选C。
23．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. push推动；B. cut切，割；C. reach达到；D. crss越过。根据空后的“the finish line”并结合前文可知，这里指的是她越过了大学毕业的终点线，crss the finish line意为“越过终点线”。故选D。
24．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们终于成功了，”Tanisha拥抱着她的母亲，幸福的泪水夺眶而出。A. effrt努力；B. happiness幸福；C. curage勇气；D. regretfulness遗憾。根据句中的“We are finally here”和语境可知，Tanisha为她们俩获得了大学学位而感到高兴，因此流下了幸福的眼泪。故选B。
25．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“是的，亲爱的！”Barbara坚定地回答，“我们成功了！”A. lw低的；B. strng强壮的；C. firm坚定的；D. weak虚弱的。根据句中的“We made it!(我们成功了！)”可知，母亲Barbara说她们俩成功了，应该是用肯定的语气说的。故选C。
26．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈证明了所有认为她做不到的人都错了。A. uneasy不安的；B. reasnable合理的；C. right正确的；D. wrng错误的。根据空后的“that thught she wuldn’t be able t d it(认为她做不到的人)”“She really gt thrugh it at her age.(她在这个年纪真的挺过来了。)”可知，她的母亲在这么大的年纪里坚持了下来，获得了学位，她证明了那些认为她做不到的人是错误的。故选D。
27．答案：A
解析：考查代词词义辨析。句意：现在有了辅导和其他一切，她每天都去，从来没有停过。A. everything所有事物，一切；B. smething某事；C. anything任何事情；D. nthing没有什么。根据上文中的“She really gt thrugh it at her age.(她在这个年纪真的挺过来了。)”和空前的“Nw with tutring and”可知，母亲现在停了过来，现在她有了辅导和一切东西。故选A。
28．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管天气如何，她都去了。A. cunt数数；B. matter要紧；C. challenge向……挑战；D. mean意味着。It指代“what the weather was”，为形式主语，这里表示天气怎么样都不要紧，应用matter。故选B。
29．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Barbara在进入大学之前是一名产妇陪护，并完成了她的普通教育发展。A. denied否认，否定；B. accepted接受；C. cmpleted完成；D. failed失败。根据空后的“her General Educatinal Develpment(CED)”可知，她完成了普通教育发展。故选C。
30．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这段经历很有压力，但我很幸运。A. stressful紧张的，有压力的；B. nrmal正常的；C. special特殊的；D. ppular受欢迎的。Althugh引导的是让步状语从句，逗号前后之间是让步关系，根据blessed可知，这里表示完成学业的这段经历很有压力，故选A。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我相信努力总会有回报的。A. put ff取消；B. pay ff成功，奏效；C. get ff离开；D. carry ff赢得。根据空前的“I cnvince effrts always”并结合母女二人的经历可知，Barbara认为努力最终会获得回报。故选B。
32．答案：①literally②bears③an④tk⑤wh/that⑥featuring⑦mre⑧appreciatin⑨by⑩and
解析：①考查副词。句意：这个名字的字面意思是“龙的脊梁”，因为梯田看起来就像龙的鳞片，而山顶与脊梁相似。空处应用副词修饰means。literally意为“按字面，字面上”。故填literally。
②考查时态和主谓一致。句意参考上题。根据句意和句中的means可知，这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为the muntain’s summit，所以谓语应用单数。故填bears。
③考查冠词。句意：这些梯田被称为“龙的脊梁”，以复杂的图案在青山上延伸，看起来像水波，是一处令人难以置信的景色。sight意为“景象”，为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且空后的incredible发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
④考查时态。句意：徒步旅行带我穿过了与美丽的风景相对立的小村庄。空处作句子的谓语，take和主语The hike之间是主动关系，应用主动语态，再结合第二段中的“During my visit t Guilin”可知，这里是作者去桂林游览时发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填tk。
⑤考查定语从句。句意：沿着小路，我经过橘子林，遇到了友好的当地人，他们给了我新鲜的荔枝。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词friendly lcals，指人，且在从句中作主语，所以应用wh或that引导。故填wh/that。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：在以糯米等当地特色菜为特色的多道菜中，我了解了更多关于梯田和乡村生活的信息。分析句子，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语multi-curse meals和feature之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词作定语。故填featuring。
⑦考查比较级。句意参考上题。根据句意可知，作者在品尝当地特色菜的过程中对梯田和乡村生活有了更多的了解，所以这里应用much的比较级mre。故填mre。
⑧考查名词。句意：整整三天后，徒步旅行结束了，我对这些由几代家庭精心打造成景观的古老农业奇迹感到深深的理解。空处应用名词作宾语。appreciatin意为“理解”，由空格前的a可知，应该用单数形式。故填appreciatin。
⑨考查介词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，“carefully built int the landscape ⑨ generatins f families”是过去分词短语作these ancient agricultural wnders的后置定语，built和these ancient agricultural wnders之间是动宾关系，而built的动作发出者是generatins f families，所以应用介词by，表示“由几代家庭精心打造成景观的古老农业奇迹”。故填by。
⑩考查连词。句意：龙脊梯田为我提供了难忘的山景和对中国乡村的文化见解。根据句意并分析句子结构，unfrgettable muntain views和cultural insights int rural China之间是并列关系，作with的宾语，所以应用and连接。故填and。
33．答案：
T My Dear Schl
With ur high schl life drawing t an end, I am mre than delighted t have the chance t express my gratitude t ur schl.
There were varieties f curses and activities, which nt nly equipped me with rich knwledge, but als bradened my hrizns. Besides, warm-hearted classmates and knwledgeable teachers enabled me t get valuable friendship and grw up int a well-runded persn. Withut ur schl, I wuldn’t have becme the persn I am tday. Wrds fail t express the gratitude deep in my heart.
I prmise I will try my best t face the cming challenges and create wnders. Wish ur schl all the best.
T My Dear Schl
It’s really hard t say gdbye! But meanwhile, I’m writing these few lines t extend my heartfelt gratitude t yu.
The past three years has witnessed my giant leap in my study and life. Under the guidance f all my teachers, I was able t be expsed t abundant knwledge and perfrmed well at schl. Facing bstacles, it was the cnstant cmpaninship and encuragement frm all the teachers and classmates that cheered me up. Thanks fr prviding me with such a pleasant atmsphere, withut which I wuldn’t have becme a well-runded persn.
Indeed, my appreciatin t yu is beynd wrds. Wish yu a prsperus future.
解析：1.词汇积累
机会：chance → pprtunity
表达我的感激之情：express my gratitude → cnvey my appreciatin
各种各样的：varieties f → varius
而且：besides →furthermre
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Withut ur schl, I wuldn’t have becme the persn I am tday.
拓展句：Had it nt been fr ur schl, I wuldn’t have becme the persn I am tday.
【高分句型1】There were varieties f curses and activities, which nt nly equipped me with rich knwledge, but als bradened my hrizns.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Withut ur schl, I wuldn’t have becme the persn I am tday.（运用了含蓄虚拟条件句）
34．答案：
Jack rushed int his bedrm and lcked the dr heavily. He lay n the bed, huddling himself in the quilt. What he really wanted t d was t cut himself ff frm the whle wrld, especially frm his mther. He culdn't figure ut why his mther didn't understand him and why she frced him t d smething he didn't like. Slwly, he fell asleep while thinking.Suddenly he was awakened, hearing his mther's vice utside the dr, which was filled with aplgies and tenderness. His mther prmised him that she wuld respect his interests in the future.
When Jack heard his mther’s wrds, regretful tears rlled dwn his face. He realized that everything his mther did was ttally fr the sake f his future and what he said hurt his mther's heart hard. It ccurred t him that he had never shwed his gratitude t his mther. He culdn’t wait t pen the dr and said thank yu t his mther, wh was standing in the drway. He als prmised his mther that he wuld study hard in practical subjects. Finaly, misunderstanding cleared, they hugged each ther tightly with a jyful smile.
解析：
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“杰克冲进卧室，重重地锁上了门。”可知，第一段可描写杰克的心理状态及妈妈平静下来后在门口和杰克说的话。
②由第二段首句内容“当杰克听到母亲的话时，悔恨的泪水从他的脸上滚落下来。”可知，第二段可描写杰克听到妈妈的话的反应并最终和妈妈和好。
2.续写线索：热爱科学——被妈妈忽视——分享科幻故事——被批评教育——发生争吵——母子和好
3.词汇激活
行为类
①蜷缩：huddle/curl up
②想做：want t d/be eager t d
③强迫：frce/cmpel/blige
情绪类
①感谢：shw his gratitude/shw his appreciatin//be grateful
②喜悦：jyful/delightful/pleasant
【高分句型1】What he really wanted t d was t cut himself ff frm the whle wrld, especially frm his mther.（运用了what引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】Suddenly he was awakened, hearing his mther's vice utside the dr, which was filled with aplgies and tenderness.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句及现在分词作状语）