题型02 推理判断题（答题模板与解题技巧）-备战2024高考英语答题技巧与答题模板

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命题特点
推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。
考查方向
推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
命题规律
文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
语言转折和强对比处常考
对文章中心思想处常考
推理判断题干扰项特征
命题点01 隐含意义推断题
【典例】
（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）IT’S A TYPICAL mrning: yu wake up, take a shwer, brush yur teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) yur arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless yu have a serius disease such as diabetes, yu prbably haven’t ever tested yur wn bld. But in the future, that might change.
The cmpany Cr already sells a system fr hme bld testing. Yu stick yur arm using a suppsedly painless, ne-ff , bld-drawing cartridge (针筒) abut the size f a lipstick. Then yu stick the cartridge int a device that lks like the base fr an electric tthbrush. A few minutes later, an app n yur phne buzzes with updated infrmatin, including yur current health data and tips n what t eat and hw t exercise during the day.
5．Why des the authr mentin the typical mrning in the first paragraph?
A．T explain a scene.B．T intrduce the tpic.
C．T make a cmparisn.D．T prvide an example.
命题点02 观点态度推断题
【典例01】
（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）

Under sme circumstances, the researchers fund significant emissins reductins. But each case required what they cnsidered an unrealistically high prtin f the wd ging twards cnstructin, as well as rapid grwth nly seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they fund a large increase in glbal demand fr wd wuld prbably lead t rising emissins fr decades. Accunting fr emissins in this way, the researchers reprted in a related paper that increasing frest harvests between 2010 and 2050 wuld add emissins equal t rughly 10 percent f ttal annual emissins.
Ali Amiri at Aalt University in Finland says the reprt’s cnclusins abut emissins frm rising demand are prbably crrect, but the stry is different fr wd we already harvest. “Bsting the efficiency f current harvests and using mre wd fr lnger lived purpses than paper wuld cut emissins,” he says. “We cannt just say we shuld stp using wd.”
12．What is Ali Amiri’s attitude tward the new result?
A．Favrable.B．Dubtful.C．Critical.D．Objective.
【典例02】
（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
“As lng as ur best technlgy fr seeing inside the brain requires subjects t lie nearly mtinless while surrunded by a giant magnet, we’re nly ging t make limited pr gress n these questins,” Allen said.
34．What is Allen’s attitude t the current study n the human brain?
A．Cautius.B．Indifferent.C．Apprving.D．Pessimistic.
命题点03 文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题
【典例】
（2019新课标I卷C篇）
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量) technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
31．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A diary.B．A guidebkC．A nvel.D．A magazine.
命题点04 下文预测推断题
【典例】
（2024·江苏苏州·高三校考阶段练习）
It’s mid-afternn. Yu’re full frm lunch. The day is warm. Yu’re starting t feel sleepy. Shuld yu give in t the cmfrt f a nap(打盹)? In pint f advantage, it is wrth it. Thugh there is sme disagreement as t whether napping benefits everyne, research suggests naps can bst at least sme peple’s mental prcess f understanding in the shrt term.
Several studies find that a well-timed nap can prvide a shrt-term bst in brainpwer. Fr example, scientists reviewed past research that fcused n healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Jurnal f Sleep Research, shws that napping imprves factrs ranging frm reactin time t alertness(警觉) t memry perfrmance.
“A brief nap can als inspire peple with creativity,” a 2021 study in Science Advances fund. In that research, participants were given math prblems that culd be slved with an easy shrt cut that they weren’t tld abut. Sme participants were encuraged t take a brief nap befre tackling the prblems. The researchers fund thse wh napped-and spent even just 30 secnds in the first, lightest phase f sleep--were 2.7 times mre likely t figure ut the shrt cut than thse wh stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep phase had a negative effect n this creative insight. In ther wrds, there may be a “sweet spt” f mental relaxatin that clears the way fr mments f inspiratin.
“Timing yur naps right can reduce sleep inertia (睡眠惯性),” says Natalie Dautvich, a psychlgist at Virginia Cmmnwealth University. “A 20-minute nap is recharging and 60 t 90 minutes f sleep can be even mre restrative. The nap t avid is the ne lasting mre than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is mst likely t lead t sleep inertia.”
“The shrt-term benefits f naps are well established, but pinning dwn the relatinship between naps and any specific health utcmes, lng-term effects f napping, is nt always simple. Fr example, greater daytime sleepiness is symptmatic f many health cnditins, and therefre napping may nt necessarily be the cause f these cnditins but rather a cnsequence,” says Victria Garfield, a prfessr f University Cllege Lndn.
What will the authr prbably talk abut next?
A．The reasns fr unhealthy physical cnditins.
B．The ways t set the apprpriate time f napping.
C．The assciatin between nap and health cnditins.
D．The means t get int the habit f lng-term napping.
1.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
It’s true that bld cntains a wealth f infrmatin abut a persn’s health. Bld tests can shw if a persn is infected with a disease r at risk fr a variety f prblems, including a heart attack r a strke. But mst peple dn’t test their wn bld until a dctr says it’s time. Healthy yung adults get regular bld tests abut every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician r a nurse sticks a lng needle int the arm t draw ut several tubes full f bld. Cr and similar cmpanies, such as WellnessFX, are trying t change all that. They think peple deserve access t mre infrmatin abut their wn health.
But nt everyne is cnvinced that regular bld testing fr healthy peple is a great idea. Cr’s system is expensive and may pt ffer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that yu lse yur mney and then yu’re reminded t get mre sleep and t eat mre fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Chen f Harvard Medical Schl tld the New Yrk Times. “The wrst result is that yu end up getting frightened by prbably abnrmal results that are actually cmpletely nrmal fr yu.”
Plus, the results f a hme bld test might be wrng. It’s hard t get accurate results frm a tiny amunt f bld. S what d yu think? Is mnitring yur wn health via pinpricks the way f the future? Or is it better t leave bld testing t medical prfessinals?
7．What’s Pieter Chen’s attitude twards this kind f system?
A．Objective.B．Subjective.C．Supprtive.D．Negative.
2.（2023·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
But the parents are prud that they were able t help Mike with his scial skills alng with his intellectual skills. Melissa tld CNBC that peple expected “Yung Sheldn” befre they met her sn. Yung Sheldn is a televisin shw abut a child talent wh is an indr man and lacks scial skills. “But nce they talk t Mike, they understand that he’s just a nrmal 14-year-ld that happens t be able t d amazing things,” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa gt t knw abut their child’s intelligence when he entered preschl. A child psychlgist tld them that their sn wuld need a different curse t supprt his fast-track develpment. Many parents aren’t cmfrtable with putting their children with 18-year-lds, but Mike’s parents saw the value in letting their child g thrugh it. “I wanted him t be scial and be able t deal with all the different persnalities in the classrms with lder children,” said Melissa.
21．What can we infer abut the child in the shw Yung Sheldn?
A．He likes t make friends.B．He is a well-runded man.
C．He is a ppular child actr.D．He is pr at dealing with peple.
3.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian r Finnish can be spelled mre easily because each letter f the alphabet matches t ne sund. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. Hwever, students even after years f learning English are still far belw Italian r Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is mst clsely cnnected t German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vcabulary. During the Nrman invasin in the 12th century, Old English was spken but French was used in gvernment and legal dcuments. And Latin was used in religius and educatinal activities. As a result, mre French and Latin wrds entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped t establish English spelling. The English f tday is hw the language was written at the time. Hwever, the spken language started t change in the 1500s with the prnunciatin f all lng vwels (元音). Fr example, “bite” was prnunced clser t “beet” in the 1400s, befre changing thrugh the years t its current sund. The effect was that the English language had ld spellings, but new sunds.
24．Hw des the authr lead t the tpic f this text?
A．By making a classificatin.B．By cmparisn.
C．By the calculatin f an example.D．By describing a prcess.
4.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, mdern humans, spend 90% f ur time inside, traveling between hmes and ffices, schls and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic s much that I started t wnder if it was an urban legend. It’s nt! The best reference fr the statistic appears t be The Natinal Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpse fr cllecting the NHAPS data was t prvide diary recrds that culd be used as inputs fr cmputer-based human expsure mdels,” says the study. In ther wrds, in rder t understand hw humans might be impacted by pllutants in ur varius indr and utdr envirnments, scientists needed t knw hw much time we spend in different lcatins.
32．What can we learn abut mdern humans accrding t NHAPS?
A．They’re an indr species.B．They’re an urban legend.
C．They enjy a leisurely life.D．They like living in mdern cities.
5.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Have yu ever put ff a prject until the last minute even thugh yu knew it wuld nly take a few hurs t cmplete? Studies suggest that when given a task, we think f hw much time is available t cmplete the task instead f hw much time we actually need. This mindset, r Parkinsn’s Law as psychlgists put it, results in wasted time and inefficient wrkflws.
One reasn why this phenmenn happens lies in hw peple tend t apprach tasks. By fcusing n hw much time we have t d smething, we assume that the task will require that much time. Parkinsn’s Law isn’t a magic frmula (公式) r a fixed rule. But it is an bservatin yu can use t help yu becme mre prductive. Let’s lk at a few ways yu can apply Parkinsn’s Law t yur life, get yur t-d list checked ff quicker, and spend less f the wrkday filling in time just t lk busy.
As yu get started, make a list f yur tasks, and determine the amunt f time it takes t cmplete them. If yu can give yurself half that time t cmplete each task, yu can avid falling int the prcrastinatin (拖延) trap.
Get better at judging time. Sme tasks may be accurate t begin with, and sme may be inflated if yu are nt used t using Parkinsn’s Law. A timer is ging t be very useful when yu start ding this.
Avid setting arbitrary deadlines and instead think abut hw lng a task will realistically take t cmplete. While this might nt be clear, cnsider past experiences as a guide.
While Parkinsn’s Law is a phenmenn that can lead t wasted time and incmpetence, it desn’t have t be a prblem if yu’re aware f it. Using sme f the strategies abve, yu can avid falling victim t Parkinsn’s Law and make the mst f yur time.
51．What can be inferred abut Parkinsn’s Law?
A．It imprves prductivity.B．It leads t prcrastinatin.
C．It results frm a magic rule.D．It cntradicts persnal judgment.
54．What wuld be the intentin f the text?
A．T prmte mre efficient task management.
B．T criticize sme wrng practice.
C．T define Parkinsn’s Law.
D．T suggest a self-disciplined lifestyle.
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
Cheerleading squads (啦啦队) are knwn fr their energy and athleticism, and always add fun and excitement t any event. Mst cheerleading grups have yung members, s this Arizna cheerleading squad certainly stands ut. Sun City Pms, which nly recruits (招募) members wh are ver 55, has distinguished itself as a cheerleading squad that brings jy t senirs and audiences f all ages.
Established in 1979, the team cnsists f wmen aged ver 55 wh live in Sun City, a retirement cmmunity in Arizna. This cmmunity f active senirs wmen are passinate abut dancing, perfrming and staying active, and prve that there is n age limit t what yu lve t d. The team has becme increasingly ppular, and the members are knwn fr their energetic perfrmances at parades, festivals and events thrughut the state.
Despite the demanding schedule, the wmen remain cmmitted t the team. This cheerleading squad brings jy t senirs by keeping members physically fit, building friendships, and fstering a sense f cmmunity. The Sun City Pms currently has 30members and a handful f trainees, wh can jin after cmpleting a three-mnth class, learning tw rutines, and prving they have what it takes.
On March 25, the grup successfully held the “Celebrate the Pms” shw, which drew a crwd f ver 700 peple. It even included a special number frm “The Flps”, wh cunt the husbands, friends and lvers f the Pms as members.
Zirbel, in her eighties, already has a lt f memries with the grup and is ready t make mre. She shared that in ne event alne. She estimated that she walked abut three miles. Despite the tiring schedule and ff days, Zirbel is nt abut t leave the team anytime sn.
11．Why did Zirbel mentin “three miles” in her sharing?
A．T prve her energetic daily life.B．T indicate her tiredness f the wrk.
C．T shw the effrt invlved in the event.D．T cmplain abut the stress f the training.
12．Which f the fllwing sayings best suits the stry?
A．N yung r ld learner is a teacher.
B．When is life enugh t be idle and idle?
C．One year lder, ne mre pint f respnsibility.
D．Althugh the vilin is ld, it can still play a gd tune.
7.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Nt all fat is created equal. The fat mst peple picture is knwn as white fat, since it lks white r white-yellw when yu see it under the skin. But yu’re als brn with brwn fat, which, unsurprisingly, lks brwn.
Brwn fat — fund in the neck and shulders f newbrns — is metablically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lts f calries, which serves the purpse f keeping yu warm (imprtant fr newbrns). We lse mst f ur brwn fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent f the brwn fat we were brn with; the fat we gain ver time is almst all white fat. One f the majr causes f shrtened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level f white fat. S scientists have lng tried t find ways t activate that fat r turn white fat int brwn fat.
Hwever, ne radblck t using brwn fat is that all the gd stuff that brwn fat des has t be prgrammed int the previusly white fat, but that has prved dable. A grup in Delaware has activated brwn fat in a few wmen with an already apprved medicatin. Researchers at the University f Cpenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it int brwn fat. They then injected the brwn fat int fat sheep. As hped, the sheep with mre brwn fat gt thin and lst their metablic syndrme and diabetes.
The timetable fr this game-changing ability t turn white fat t brwn fat is predicted t be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way t replace white fat with brwn fat, it will likely mitigate risks f diseases like diabetes, heart disease, strke, and brain disrder greatly and prvide increased energy levels. That is, yu becme peratinally yunger. Bring it n!
26．What can we learn abut brwn fat frm the research f UCPH?
A．It riginates frm white fat.B．It can be activated by medicatin.
C．It may be the key t weight lss.D．It has t wrk with white fat.
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
The ther day, my sister and I were sitting in a restaurant, trying t have a cnversatin, but her children, fur-year-ld Willw and seven-year-ld Luca, wuld nt stp fighting. The arguments-ver a frk, r wh had mre water in a glass-never stpped.
Then my sister reached int her handbag, prduced tw shiny iPads, and handed ne t each child. Suddenly, the tw were quiet. They sat playing games and watching vides, and we cntinued with ur cnversatin.
After ur meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back int her bag, she said, “I dn’t want t give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them ccupied fr an hur s we can eat in peace, I ften just hand them ver. I’m afraid it’s bad fr them. I d wrry that it makes them think it’s OK t use electrnics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, directr f the Lngevity Center at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive t stimuli (刺激物), like iPads and smartphne screens, and if peple spend t much time n ne technlgy, and less time interacting with peple like parents at the dinner table, that culd prevent the develpment f certain cmmunicatin skills.
“Cnversatins with each ther are the way children learn t have cnversatins with themselves, and learn hw t be alne,” said Sherry Turkle, a prfessr f science, technlgy and sciety at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy. She fears that children wh d nt learn real interactins, which ften have imperfectins, will cme t knw a wrld where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense f intimacy (亲密) withut risk. Hwever, they need t be able t gather themselves and knw wh they are. S smeday they can frm a relatinship with anther persn withut a panic f being alne. “If yu dn’t teach yur children t be alne, they’ll nly knw hw t be lnely,” she said.
34．Accrding t Dr. Small, what shuld parents d?
A．Prvide their children with varius technlgies.
B．Teach their children cmmunicatin skills.
C．Talk t their children at the dinner table.
D．Limit their children’s screen time.
35．What is Sherry Turkle wrried?
A．Children are afraid f taking risks.
B．Children try t escape frm the real wrld.
C．Children can’t live withut electrnic devices.
D．Children can’t deal with cmpanin-less situatins.
36．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T tell a true stry.B．T discuss a phenmenn.
C．T give practical suggestins.D．T cmpare different pinins.
9.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links utdr air pllutin — even at levels cnsidered safe — t an increased risk f diabetes (糖尿病) glbally, accrding t a study frm the VA St. Luis Health Care System. The findings raise the pssibility that reducing pllutin may lead t a drp in diabetes cases in heavily plluted cuntries such as India and less plluted nes such as the United States.
Diabetes is ne f the fastest grwing diseases, affecting mre than 500 millin peple wrldwide. The main drivers f diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and besity, but the new research indicates the extent t which utdr air pllutin plays a rle.
“Our research shws a significant link between air pllutin and diabetes glbally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senir authr and an assistant prfessr f medicine at the University f Washingtn. “We fund an increased risk, even at lw levels f air pllutin currently cnsidered safe by the US Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) and the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO). This is imprtant because many industry lbbying (游说) grups argue that current levels are t stringent and shuld be relaxed. Evidence shws that current levels are still nt sufficiently safe and need t be tightened.”
While grwing evidence has suggested a link between air pllutin and diabetes, researchers have nt attempted t quantify that burden until nw. “Over the past tw decades, there have been bits f research abut diabetes and pllutin,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted t thread tgether the pieces fr a brader, mre slid understanding.”
The researchers als fund that the verall risk f pllutin-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) mre tward lwer-incme cuntries such as India that lack the resurces fr envirnmental mitigatin systems and clean-air plicies. Fr instance, pverty-stricken cuntries facing a higher diabetes-pllutin risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer cuntries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lwer risk. The US experiences a medium risk f pllutin-related diabetes.
30．What’s the purpse f Al-Aly’s team?
A．T identify the causes f diabetes.
B．T make better air pllutin cntrl plicies.
C．T lead the study f diabetes and air pllutin.
D．T figure ut the link between pllutin and diabetes.
10.（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）
Bkstres are fascinating places. That’s because the bks n the shelves can take yu away t magical lands, help yu learn a freign language, r ck a delicius meal. But when yur cmmunity is t small t huse a real brick bkstre, smetimes yu have t make a cmprmise. A mbile bkstre that brings bks arund the cuntry was the result. That is the case fr Rita Cllins, 70, wh dreamed f pening a used bkstre after retiring frm teaching.
A business planning class frm the American Bksellers Assciatin cnvinced Cllins t abandn her idea that pening a bkstre in the small twn where she lives, which wuld nt be sustainable. Eureka, Mntana, lcated just seven miles frm the Canadian brder, nly has a ppulatin f 1,517. Cllins asked her instructrs abut a traveling bkstre n wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered.
Cllins was inspired by Dylans Mbile Bkstre, a traveling bkstre in Wales run by Jeff Twns. She cntacted Jeff fr advice but she was largely n her wn when it came t building her bkstre. First, she had t find a vehicle large enugh t stand in. Then she had t have it refitted with shelves that wuld hld the bks at a 15-degree angle s that they wuld stay in place while in transit. Cllins named her bkstre St Rita’s Traveling Bkstre, which has been n the rad since 2015.
At first, she drve thrugh Mntana and then she made her first crss-cuntry trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time jb all year rund. Cllins and her mbile bkstre have visited 30 states, stpping at festivals and events alng the way. While the lcatins change, sme things always stay the same. Cllins lves meeting peple and making cnnectins. While she lves what she des, Cllins desn’t think she can keep ding it. In several years, she hpes t pass her traveling bkstre nt anther bibliphile wh shares the same interest and will keep it n the rad.
3．Which f the fllwing can best describe Cllins?
A．Merciful and delightful.B．Intelligent and reasnable.
C．Determined and scial.D．Generus and lvely.
推理判断题解题思维
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。