题型20 概要写作（答题模板与解题技巧）-备战2024高考英语答题技巧与答题模板

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01 题型解读
02 答题模板构建
03 满分词汇模板
04 满分句型模板
05 满分作文模板
06 知识迁移强化
命题特点
概要写作属于限制性写作，是阅读理解和写作的双向考查。
命题解读：1. 提供的一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
所给短文以说明文和议论文为主。
在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩 文章的内容和观点。
写作要求：
要点齐全。评分的重要方面即是要点齐全，避免因信息获取不准确而导致概要要点不齐全。
同时又要把握文本的整体和部分之间的逻辑关系。
2. 灵活转换。考生应当使用不同的词或句式如，同义词、近义词和反义词变换来替换词汇，表达与原有表达内容相同的意义，通过改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现句子重构。
3. 语言精炼。用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言，利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼，用删略的方法替换不重要或不必要的细节。
4. 书写规范。概要写作对考生的书写、拼写和标点符号要求不能影响交际，尤其是拼写和标点符号被视为评价语言准确性的一个重要方面，书写较差则直接影响评分档次。
【典例】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid f dirt, in the pinin f mst peple, is a gd thing. Hwever, there is nthing fixed abut attitudes t dirt.
In the early 16th century, peple thught that dirt n the skin was a means t blck ut disease, as medical pinin had it that washing ff dirt with ht water culd pen up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thught t lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had clsed the bath huses in his kingdm. S did the king f England in 1546. Thus began a lng time when the rich and the pr in Eurpe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King f France, was famusly dirty. Upn learning that a nbleman had taken a bath, the king rdered that, t avid the attack f discase, the nbleman shuld nt g ut.
Thugh the belief in the merit (好处) f dirt was lng-lived, dirt has n lnger been regarded as a nice neighbr ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is gd t health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means f preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards f cleanliness have mved beynd science since Wrld War II.
Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clthes need t be whiter than white, clths ever sfter, surfaces t shine. Has the hate fr dirt, hwever, gne t far?
Attitudes t dirt still differ hugely nwadays. Many first-time parents nervusly try t warn their children ff tuching dirt, which might be respnsible fr the spread f disease. On the cntrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunlgist，encurages children t play in the dirt t build up a strng immune system. And the latter psitin is gaining sme grund.
【满分句型模板之锁定主题句】
Para.1: __________________________________________________________________________________
Para.2:__________________________________________________________________________________ Para.3:__________________________________________________________________________________ Para.4: __________________________________________________________________________________
【满分句型模板之要点陈列】

Para.1: fixed（确定的；不便的）
Para.2: means（方法，手段）， blck ut（挡住）， wash ff（清楚掉，清洗掉），
pen up（打开）， upn（一就，立即）。
Para.3: lng-lived（长期存在的）， sell the idea（说服某人接受某观点）。
Para.4: warn ff（警告某人不要靠近）， gain sme grund（获得优势）。
【满分句型模板之连词成句】
Different peple have different attitudes twards dirt.
Fr a lng time in histry, peple f sme Eurpean cuntries, such as France, believed that dirt prtected peple frm getting ill.
Hwever peple began t change their attitudes t dirt abut 200 years ag. Peple have been tld that washing dirt ff ur bdy can keep us healthy.
Hwever, sme scientists believe that expsure t sme dirt may help ur immune system.
【满分作文模板】
（要点1）______________________________________________________________________________
（要点2）______________________________________________________________________________
（要点3）______________________________________________________________________________
（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
Micrplastics in Water — a Wake-up Call fr All f Us
Tday researchers annunced that they have fund tiny pieces f plastic in water samples frm arund the wrld. These pieces are called micrplastics and are s small that they are invisible t the naked eye and are very difficult t remve frm the water. When in the water, they are swallwed by fish and ther animals and then enter the fd chain.
Even mre cncerning is the fact that the plastic has als been fund in drinking water acrss the wrld. This means that we are drinking plastic every day. Scientists d nt knw what level f harm this will cause us in the future.
Micrplastics cme frm a number f different surces, in particular frm washing and drying synthetic (nn-natural) clthing and frm csmetics and cleaning prducts, such as tthpaste and face washes. Micrplastics are even fund in the air utside and at ur hmes.
Almst every cuntry acrss the wrld agrees that we cannt cntinue using s much plastic in ur lives. We need t find a slutin t remve micrplastics frm ur ceans. We als need t intrduce new taxes and ther means t encurage cmpanies t chse envirnment-friendly ingredients and recyclable packaging fr their prducts.
We need t take persnal respnsibility, t. We all have the freedm t chse hw we spend ur mney and what kids f business and prducts we supprt. Let’s wrk tgether t prtect ur envirnment, bth nw and fr the future.
Remember: Reduce — Reuse — Recycle. (244 wrds)
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（2024·上海杨浦·统考一模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Ignring Yur Biggest Regrets
Regrets, peple ften feel, are t be avided. Mistakes may be unavidable, but they shuld be kept t a minimum. And when they d ccur, the best curse f actin is t ignre them as inevitable steps n ur jurney. That seems lgical, at least until yu cnsider that ne f the criteria fr mental illness is an inability t feel regret. As authr Kathryn Schulz argues, “If yu want t be fully functinal, and fully human, and fully humane, I think yu need t learn t live nt withut regret, but with it.” Cunterintuitively, she and ther experts argue feeling regret is essential fr living yur best life. N ne is saying, f curse, that getting trapped in yur past mistakes is a gd idea. But neither is a “n regrets and never lk back” mentality.
Regret frces us t engage in a reflective analysis t understand why we thught r acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If yu keep telling yurself “n regrets,” then learning isn’t ging t happen. Besides, hiding frm regret desn’t make it hurt less. Actin des. Actin, recent research shws, is the best way t make regret hurt less. S if yu’re trubled by yur failure t travel when yu were yung, science suggests yu cnsciusly plan an adventurus trip nw that yu’re lder and wiser. Upset abut a brken friendship? Act t try t repair it.
Acknwledging ur mistakes, rather than ignring them, reminds us that we are valuable and wrthy despite ur faults. That srt f acceptance is the basis bth f real self-cnfidence and f true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: “Regret desn’t remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we knw we can d better.”
（2023·上海嘉定·统考一模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Dealing with One Missed Wrkut
It’s a cmmn dilemma (图局)fr anyne n a training plan: Yu miss ne wrkut and becme awashed with guilt. T make up fr it, yu add thse extra miles t yur next wrkut. But accrding t the prfessinals, this isn’t the right way t g abut it. “A single wrkut is nt ging t make r break a training plan. The key t training is cnsistency ver time,” says Jhn Raglin, PhD, prfessr in the Department f Kinesilgy at Indiana University Blmingtn.
When yu miss a wrkut, the temptatin is t think, “Oh, I’ve gt t d mre tmrrw”. But when yu try t catch up n yur wrkuts, yu run a cuple f risks: “Certainly an injury, but als becming ver-tired, which culd ruin yur training after that, ” says Raglin. This is a phenmenn called ‘nn-functinal verreaching’, “he says. Eventually, this culd lead t vertraining syndrme (综合症), which is characterized by a decrease in perfrmance later due t a lng-term increase in training lad withut adequate recvery.
S hw d yu mve frward if yu skipped a run r five?Well first, peple dwnlad generalized training plans withut understanding that they are meant t be adapted t life. There is a whle hst f life stressrs—jb, kids, friendships, travel—and exercise is just anther type f stress. Actually, when things get chatic in yur life, it may be necessary t just let g. Next, if yu missed a wrkut, yu have t ask yurself why: “Was it just because yur schedule gt ut f hand r because yu were feeling verly exhausted? ” Understanding why yu missed the wrkut can ffer sme insights int hw t tailr yur prgram t suit yur lifestyle.
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（2024·上海青浦·高三统考期末）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Drawing High Schlers t Science
A grup f educatrs and plant scientists at Michigan State University (MSU) are cnnecting t reshape science classes. And this particular partnership isn’t just helping students get a better understanding f bilgy; it’s turning them int yung scientists, even if nly during class.
It desn’t take lng t see that the curriculum brn frm this cllabratin makes fr a much different experience than the traditinal high schl bilgy classes. Fr starters, it has a cmic bk fr a wrkbk. Secndly, students are getting their hands dirty grwing plants. MSU researchers are als studying the plant. The high schlers are asking sme f the same questins prfessinal plant scientists are trying t answer.
“We’re getting them engaged with science in science practices, nt just having them learn abut science,” says Hildah Makri, a researcher at MSU. “They learn t lk at things differently. That’s a life-time impact.”
The main characters f the cmic bk are a pair f yung field scientists. They invite the high schl students t help with plant research inspired by a real prject at MSU. By grwing their wn plants, the students learn abut genetics, evlutin and hw these interact with the envirnment.
The team has seen hw this practice culd keep students in the driver’s seat f their learning. T help the characters ut, students set up different experiments t test their ideas.
The prgram is wrking. “This cmic persnally gave me a click that sparked my curisity,” reads ne student’s survey respnse. “The cmic bk put a lt f creative atmsphere int the stry instead f just lking at wrds, instead f just listening t the teacher talk,” says anther.
Teachers als had psitive reviews. In a survey, ne remarked hw helpful it was t have the cmic t refer t. The students culd see the cmic’s characters ding smething in the lab and realize, “I’m able t d this right here at my table and I can d the same thing,” the teacher says.
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（2024·上海宝山·高三统考期末）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
D yu have a favrite pdcast? That can be a difficult questin t answer fr sme as there are s many ptins. That is because the wrld is full f interesting tpics and thughts abut them. If yu feel yu have smething engaging and valuable t share, start a pdcast.
A pdcast is a series f audi episdes that cver a particular subject. The first step t creating a pdcast is t find yur tpic. It’s believed that the best tpics are nes that yu knw a lt abut and lve.
Anther imprtant step is t make sure yu have the right equipment. While pdcast equipment can be cmplex and expensive, it desn’t have t be. Fr yur first pdcast, yu can simply rely n yur phne and cmputer. Yu can recrd all f yur audi n yur phne. Then with yur cmputer — and the right sftware — yu can mix the audi. This is the prcess f putting yur audi tgether int ne perfect-sunding file.
After yu have yur tpic and equipment, yu’ll want t chse yur frmat. Yur pdcast culd be ne persn speaking, tw peple talking, r many peple ffering their pinins. Yur pdcast culd als include mre than ne f these ptins.
Once yu’ve decided, yu can start drafting yur episdes. Hwever, whatever frmat r frmats yu chse, maintain the same structure fr each episde. The next step is t find a quiet place and d yur recrding.
When yu’ve cmpleted yur recrding and audi mixing, yu’ll need t find a platfrm fr yur pdcast. Luckily there are plenty f free and paid platfrm ptins n which t uplad yur pdcast. Befre uplading, make sure yu have an interesting title and gd tags fr yur shw. Be sure t pst abut yur shw n scial media. Get yur pdcast listed in a pdcast directry, t. Yu want t get the wrd ut abut yur pdcast t grw yur audience. Yur pdcast just might becme smene’s new favrite.
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（2023·上海静安·高三统考期末）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Cmpetitive Cheerleading
Over the years, cheerleading has taken tw primary frms: game-time cheerleading and cmpetitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main gal is t entertain the crwd and lead them with team cheers, which shuld nt be cnsidered a sprt. Hwever, cmpetitive cheerleading is mre than a frm f entertainment. It is really a cmpetitive sprt.
Cmpetitive cheerleading includes lts f physical activity. The majrity f the teams require a certain level f tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very cmmn thing fr gymnasts, s it’s easy fr them t g int cmpetitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lts f their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and verall energy. They als perfrm lifts and thrws.
Cmpetitive cheerleading is als an activity that is gverned by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded pints fr technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the mre difficult the actin is, the better the scre is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying t experience great difficulty in their perfrmance. Besides, there is als a strict rule f time. The whle perfrmance has t be cmpleted in less than three minutes and fifteen secnds, during which the cheerleaders are required t stay within a certain area. Any perfrmance beynd the limit f time is invalid.
Anther reasn fr the fact that cmpetitive cheerleading is ne f the hardest sprts is that it has mre reprted injuries. Accrding t sme research, cmpetitive cheerleading is the number ne cause f serius sprts injuries t wmen. Generally, these injuries affect all areas f the bdy, including wrists, shulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be n dubt that cmpetitive cheerleading is a sprt with prfessinal skills. It shuld be nted that it is a team sprt and even the smallest mistake made by ne teammate can bring the scre f the entire team dwn. S withut wrking tgether t achieve the gal, first place is ut f reach.
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（2023·上海黄浦·统考一模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Why cmpanies are hiring "prmpt engineers"?
With the new generative AI tls, like ChatGPT, anyne can put in a prmpt—type in a few wrds and get a result. But that desn’t mean that the results will be relevant r accurate.
The key is putting in the right prmpt. That’s why sme businesses are nw hiring prmpt engineers-peple with the skill, backgrund and practice t talk t s-called large-language AI systems effectively and why many peple expect prmpt engineering t be a desirable skill fr many kinds f wrkers t add t their resumes.
In general, the mre detailed the request, the clser the respnse will cme t what the user is lking fr. But the mst effective prmpt engineering ges beynd adding detail.
Fr ne thing, adding the right detail t get the best respnse is crucial. Als, there are many ways t guide hw an AI system presents the infrmatin it finds, depending n the gal-tellinlg it t write in a certain style r fr a certain audience, fr instance. Each tl als has particular capabilities and limitatins that users can learn t tackle. And the best results ften cme frm an extended cnversatin with the AI, reacting t what it prduces and asking fr refinements.
Even fr peple applying t jbs that dn’t clearly mentin prmpt engineering, having this skill culd becme essential fr all srts f rles. Art directrs culd use generative AI t utline ideas, and marketers culd use it t develp new slgans. Sftware engineers culd use it t find prblems with their cde. Lawyers culd use it t research a piece f law. This is ging t be a fundatinal skill that all f us need t knw. The thrugh line is when yu learn a new skill, yu can take it in any directin yu like.
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（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
With the rise f urbanism (城市化), and the attractin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy. Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt.
Many f the psychlgical benefits f utdr play are already well established. Our brains evlved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes prvide the perfect level f stimulatin, which is thught t help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfcused. Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with attentin-deficit hyperactivity disrder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area. Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds. The authrs recmmended using such “dses f nature” as a safe and accessible way f supprting children with ADHD, alngside ther tls.
Outdr play can als ffer valuable learning experiences. Fr example, the act f shaping and stretching materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr (感觉运动) develpment, accrding t the scientists at the University f Palerm, Italy. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals.
Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature: utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt.
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（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Museum Craze Invlves Mre Teenagers
Mre museums are here waiting fr yu! China’s capital, Beijing, is ging t pen anther batch (一批) f museums this year. The building f a new branch f the Palace Museum, ne f the wrld’s mst visited turist attractins, kicked ff as well.
As the museum craze has grwn strnger in the past few years, teenagers in China have becme mre invlved in explring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in mdern technlgy as well as culture frm the past. Accrding t Educatr magazine, visits by teenagers t museums each year increased frm 220 millin t 290 millin in the past 5 years. Amng the increasing numbers f museum visitrs, many f them were teenagers accmpanied by their families, reprted Guangming Daily earlier this mnth.
T draw yunger visitrs, many museums are creating mre ffline activities fr the purpse f spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluatin, and sme interesting curses. At the China Hangzhu Arts & Crafts Museum, fr example, teenagers gathered arund t make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival hliday. With white glves n and little spades in their hands, visitrs in Henan prvince gt t experience the daily wrk f archaelgists (考古学家). Apart frm the activities, sme museums even pen branches especially designed fr teenagers. A hall called Ppular Agricultural Science fr Yung Visitrs is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibitin hall that cmbines bth visual and audi technlgy t invlve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these ffline appraches, a number f museums have als created fficial websites fr teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitrs may g n an exciting adventure n the website in the style f a cmic bk.
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（2023·上海崇明·统考二模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect
In 1999, scial psychlgists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series f studies evaluating peple’s cmpetence in certain areas. The peple in the studies were als asked t evaluate their wn abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger fund that peple wh scred very lw n the test tended t verestimate their abilities. Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies t ther areas as well. This principle has becme knwn as the Dunning-Kruger effect after the researchers wh discvered it. The Dunning-Kruger effect ccurs because nly when peple have skills in a given area are they equipped t evaluate their wn skills. Fr example, in sme situatins it takes a scientist t recgnize bad science.
The ppsite f the Dunning-Kruger effect als happens: capable peple have a mre accurate view f their wn abilities, and smetimes they even underestimate themselves. An extreme case f this wuld be impstr syndrme, which is when a skilled persn feels as if they are faking their skills despite knwing what they are ding.
It’s tempting t think f the Dunning-Kruger effect as a prblem that ther peple have. Peple may even laugh at thse wh think themselves mre cmpetent than they are. But everyne has areas where they lack cmpetence — and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying thse areas. Even if smene is very intelligent in general, there are still things they dn’t knw much abut. Expertise (专业知识) in ne area cannt always be transferred t ther areas.
That’s why it’s imprtant t keep digging fr infrmatin even when yu think yu’ve fund answers. It can als be helpful t check yur ideas with ther peple. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if yu’re willing t listen, it can help yu grw. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help yu stay humble, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning thrughut yur life.
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第一步
浏览全文，明确文章体，了解短文大意，确定主题句。（段首、段中或段尾）
第二步
细读文章，锁定关键信息。
第三步
列写作要点，整合成句。
第四步
连句成篇，工整眷写。