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高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 12 InnovationLesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs课后练习题
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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 12 InnovationLesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs课后练习题，共6页。
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The rcket launched tw cmmunicatin ________ (卫星).
2．________ (随后), he sld half f his stck in the cmpany.
3．________ (科学的) research is widely claimed t be the surce f the high standard f living in the US.
4．The secnd thing is that the glbal services units have becme ne f ur ________ (最重要的) custmers.
5．If an amunt r level is c________ , it stays the same ver a particular perid f time.
6．A cuntry’s ________ (海军) cnsists f the peple it emplys t fight at sea, and the ships they use.
7．A ____________ (显微镜) is a scientific instrument which makes very small bjects lk bigger s that mre details can be seen.
8．Similarly, every time a ________ (生物学家) discvers a new species, there is the pprtunity t hnur smene r smething.
【答案】1．satellites 2．Subsequently 3．Scientific 4．premier
5．cnstant 6．navy 7．micrscpe 8．bilgist
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Fur pssible ________ (utcme) have been identified.
2．________ (subsequently) events cnfirmed ur dubts.
3．The directin f the wind is ________ (cnstant) changing.
4．Mars and Earth have ________ (rbit) which change with time.
5．Effrts are being made t research it ________ (scientific).
6．Yu can f curse help by giving them a ________ (dnate) directly.
7．The gvernment hpes the curt will annunce its ________ (finding) befre the end f the mnth.
8．This insight, s prfund in its simplicity, pened up an entirely new way f ________ (perceive) and understanding human life.
【答案】1．utcmes 2．Subsequent 3．cnstantly 4．rbits
5．scientifically 6．dnatin 7．findings 8．perceiving
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．There’s ________________ candlelight fr creating a rmantic md.
没有什么比烛光更能营造浪漫氛围了。
2．It wuld be invidius t ________________ any ne persn t thank.
单独感谢任何一个人都易引起反感。
3．Keep yur eye n these jkers. Yu never knw what they will _________________ .
盯住这些家伙。你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。
4．It tk them abut ne mnth t ________________ hw t start the equipment.
他们用了大约一个月的时间才弄明白如何启动这台设备。
5．Over half the ppulatin f this cuntry ________________________ sprts.
这个国家一半以上的人参加体育运动。
【答案】1．nthing like 2．single ut 3．cme up with
4．figure ut 5．participate in
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Emerging ecnmies struggled t grw thrugh the 2010s and pessimism cvers them nw. Peple wnder hw they will pay debts and hw they can grw rapidly as they did in the past in an era f deglbalisatin(去全球化).
The freshest f many answers t this issue is the fast-spreading digital revlutin. The digital revlutin is already as prgressive in emerging ecnmies as develped nes. Amng the tp 30 natins by incme frm digital services as a share f grss dmestic prduct(GDP)，16 are in the emerging wrld. Indnesia，fr example，is further advanced by this measure than France r Canada. And since 2017，digital incme has been grwing in emerging cuntries at an average annual pace f 26 percent, cmpared with 11 percent in the develped nes.
Hw can it be that prer natins are adpting cmmn digital technlgies faster than the rich? One explanatin is habit and its absence. In scieties filled with physical stres and services，custmers are ften cmfrtable with them and slw t abandn the prviders. In cuntries where peple have difficulty even finding a bank r a dctr，they will jump at the first digital ptin that cmes alng. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have n underserved(服务不足的) ppulatins. Natins lacking in schls，hspitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing nline services. Thugh nly 5 percent f Kenyans carry credit cards，mre than 70 percent have access t digital banking.
It’s early days，t. As ecnmist Carlta Perez has shwn，tech revlutins last a lng time. Innvatins like the car and the steam engine were still transfrming ecnmies half a century later. Nw，the fading era f glbalisatin will limit the number f emerging markets，but the era f rapid digitisatin has nly just begun. This ffers many develping ecnmies a revlutinary new path t catch up with the living standards f the develped wrld.
1．What can we knw abut the digital revlutin?
A．It increases peple’s debts in deglbalisatin.
B．It prevents emerging ecnmy frm develping.
C．It advances in emerging and develped ecnmies.
D．It develps mst rapidly in Indnesia in terms f GDP.
2．Where are peple mre willing t accept digital services?
A．In ecnmies lacking in nline services.
B．In cuntries shrt f basic physical facilities.
C．In natins with adequate stres and services.
D．In scieties easy t access dctrs and banks.
3．What des the authr think f the future f digitisatin?
A．Stable.B．Hpeful.
C．Depressing.D．Challenging.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Digital technlgy saves emerging ecnmies.
B．Deglbalisatin limits technlgy revlutins.
C．Emerging ecnmies struggle in the pandemic.
D．Digital revlutin grws better in glbalisatin.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The digital revlutin is already as prgressive in emerging ecnmies as develped nes(数字革命在新兴经济体已经和发达经济体一样进步). ”可知，数字革命在新兴经济体和发达经济体中一样进步。故选C项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In cuntries where peple have difficulty even finding a bank r a dctr, they will jump at the first digital ptin that cmes alng. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have n underserved(服务不足的) ppulatins. Natins lacking in schls, hspitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing nline services. Thugh nly 5 percent f Kenyans carry credit cards, mre than 70 percent have access t digital banking(在一些国家，人们甚至很难找到银行或医生，他们会欣然接受出现的第一个数字化选择结果。局外人很难理解数字服务对服务不足人群的影响。缺乏学校、医院和银行的国家可以通过建立在线服务迅速弥合这些差距。尽管只有5%的肯尼亚人持有信用卡，但超过70%的人可以使用数字银行). ”可知，在缺乏基本物质设施的国家的人们更愿意接受数字服务。故选B项。
3．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nw, the fading era f glbalisatin will limit the number f emerging markets, but the era f rapid digitisatin has nly just begun. This ffers many develping ecnmies a revlutinary new path t catch up with the living standards f the develped wrld(如今，全球化渐行渐远的时代将限制新兴市场的数量，但快速数字化的时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平). ”推知，作者认为数字化的未来是有希望的。故选B项。
4．A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Emerging ecnmies struggled t grw thrugh the 2010s and pessimism cvers them nw. Peple wnder hw they will pay debts and hw they can grw rapidly as they did in the past in an era f deglbalisatin(去全球化)(新兴经济体在21世纪的头十年曾艰难增长，如今悲观情绪笼罩着它们。人们想知道，他们将如何偿还债务，如何像过去在去全球化时代那样快速增长). ”和第二段中的“The freshest f many answers t this issue is the fast-spreading digital revlutin(对于这个问题，许多答案中最新的是迅速传播的数字革命). ”可知，文章主要是关于数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。故选A项。
Ⅱ．七选五
I knw that facing uncertainty at wrk can be stressful，particularly in the current ecnmic climate. While I dn’t knw the particulars f yur situatin，I can prvide sme general advice t help reduce the chance f being laid ff.
Start by demnstrating yur skills and value t yur cmpany. __1__ Meanwhile，shw yur talents n high-pririty assignments. Prvide regular prgress updates n the financial impact directly related t yur wrk. And share yur accmplishments with yur directrs. __2__
Next，take steps t make sure yu are seen as vital t yur clients. Often emplyers cnsider the impact layffs will have n custmer relatins. __3__ Hwever，it may leave a lasting impressin n management and clleagues wh may be very helpful in yur future career.
__4__ T prepare fr a layff，take practical steps，such as updating yur resume(简历) and prfile t highlight any prmtins，new skills，prjects，and educatinal achievements. Make use f yur netwrk n the jb-searching APP and ther virtual platfrms t cnnect with peple in yur field.
Financial preparatins are als strngly advised. Review yur budget and cut it where yu can. __5__ Make sure yu knw the requirements fr unemplyment in yur state as well as the anticipated benefit amunt s that yu can wrk that int any budget plans. And if pssible，cnsider applying fr new pprtunities.
A．It will allw yu t increase yur savings.
B．They may nt be aware f all that yu’ve dne.
C．A layff may cme as a shck t any emplyer.
D．While yu plan fr the best，prepare fr the wrst.
E．Of curse，these steps may nt always prevent a layff.
F．One f the best ways t d that is by grwing yur skills.
G．This may mean vlunteering fr tasks that thers dn’t want t d.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于减少被解雇的可能性的建议。
1．G 根据上文“Start by demnstrating yur skills and value t yur cmpany. ”以及下文的“Meanwhile, shw yur talents n high-pririty assignments. ”可知，上文提到展示你的技能和对公司的价值开始。此处承接上文说明这么做的意义：意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作。G项“这可能意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作。”符合语境。故选G项。
2．B 根据上文的“And share yur accmplishments with yur directrs. ”可知，上文提到和主管分享成就。此处为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因：他们可能不知道你所做的一切。B项中的They指代上文中的directrs。故B项“他们可能不知道你所做的一切。”符合语境。故选B项。
3．E 根据上文“Next, take steps t make sure yu are seen as vital t yur clients. Often emplyers cnsider the impact layffs will have n custmer relatins(接下来，采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人。雇主通常会考虑裁员对客户关系的影响). ”以及下文“Hwever, it may leave a lasting impressin n management and clleagues wh may be very helpful in yur future career(然而，这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助). ”可知，此处承接上文，说明“采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人”这一做法对避免裁员的不一定有用。下文与此处构成转折，指出这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助。E项“当然，这些措施不一定能避免裁员。”符合语境。故选E项。
4．D 根据下文的“T prepare fr a layff, take practical steps, such as updating yur resume(简历) and prfile t highlight any prmtins, new skills, prjects, and educatinal achievements. Make use f yur netwrk n the jb-searching App and ther virtual platfrms t cnnect with peple in yur field(为被解雇做好准备，采取切实可行的措施，比如，更新你的简历和简介，突出任何晋升、新技能、项目和教育成就。利用你在求职软件和其他虚拟平台上的人际网络与你所在领域的人建立联系). ”可知，下文提到为被解雇做好准备，即做好最坏的打算。D项“做最好的打算，做最坏的打算。”符合语境。故选D项。
5．A 根据上文的“Financial preparatins are als strngly advised. Review yur budget and cut it where yu can(还强烈建议做好财务准备。回顾你的预算，在你能削减的地方削减). ”可知，上文提到削减开支，即增加储蓄。A项“它可以让你增加储蓄。”符合语境。故选A项。
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The rcket launched tw cmmunicatin ________ (卫星).
2．________ (随后), he sld half f his stck in the cmpany.
3．________ (科学的) research is widely claimed t be the surce f the high standard f living in the US.
4．The secnd thing is that the glbal services units have becme ne f ur ________ (最重要的) custmers.
5．If an amunt r level is c________ , it stays the same ver a particular perid f time.
6．A cuntry’s ________ (海军) cnsists f the peple it emplys t fight at sea, and the ships they use.
7．A ____________ (显微镜) is a scientific instrument which makes very small bjects lk bigger s that mre details can be seen.
8．Similarly, every time a ________ (生物学家) discvers a new species, there is the pprtunity t hnur smene r smething.
【答案】1．satellites 2．Subsequently 3．Scientific 4．premier
5．cnstant 6．navy 7．micrscpe 8．bilgist
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．Fur pssible ________ (utcme) have been identified.
2．________ (subsequently) events cnfirmed ur dubts.
3．The directin f the wind is ________ (cnstant) changing.
4．Mars and Earth have ________ (rbit) which change with time.
5．Effrts are being made t research it ________ (scientific).
6．Yu can f curse help by giving them a ________ (dnate) directly.
7．The gvernment hpes the curt will annunce its ________ (finding) befre the end f the mnth.
8．This insight, s prfund in its simplicity, pened up an entirely new way f ________ (perceive) and understanding human life.
【答案】1．utcmes 2．Subsequent 3．cnstantly 4．rbits
5．scientifically 6．dnatin 7．findings 8．perceiving
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．There’s ________________ candlelight fr creating a rmantic md.
没有什么比烛光更能营造浪漫氛围了。
2．It wuld be invidius t ________________ any ne persn t thank.
单独感谢任何一个人都易引起反感。
3．Keep yur eye n these jkers. Yu never knw what they will _________________ .
盯住这些家伙。你永远不知道他们会想出什么来。
4．It tk them abut ne mnth t ________________ hw t start the equipment.
他们用了大约一个月的时间才弄明白如何启动这台设备。
5．Over half the ppulatin f this cuntry ________________________ sprts.
这个国家一半以上的人参加体育运动。
【答案】1．nthing like 2．single ut 3．cme up with
4．figure ut 5．participate in
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Emerging ecnmies struggled t grw thrugh the 2010s and pessimism cvers them nw. Peple wnder hw they will pay debts and hw they can grw rapidly as they did in the past in an era f deglbalisatin(去全球化).
The freshest f many answers t this issue is the fast-spreading digital revlutin. The digital revlutin is already as prgressive in emerging ecnmies as develped nes. Amng the tp 30 natins by incme frm digital services as a share f grss dmestic prduct(GDP)，16 are in the emerging wrld. Indnesia，fr example，is further advanced by this measure than France r Canada. And since 2017，digital incme has been grwing in emerging cuntries at an average annual pace f 26 percent, cmpared with 11 percent in the develped nes.
Hw can it be that prer natins are adpting cmmn digital technlgies faster than the rich? One explanatin is habit and its absence. In scieties filled with physical stres and services，custmers are ften cmfrtable with them and slw t abandn the prviders. In cuntries where peple have difficulty even finding a bank r a dctr，they will jump at the first digital ptin that cmes alng. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have n underserved(服务不足的) ppulatins. Natins lacking in schls，hspitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing nline services. Thugh nly 5 percent f Kenyans carry credit cards，mre than 70 percent have access t digital banking.
It’s early days，t. As ecnmist Carlta Perez has shwn，tech revlutins last a lng time. Innvatins like the car and the steam engine were still transfrming ecnmies half a century later. Nw，the fading era f glbalisatin will limit the number f emerging markets，but the era f rapid digitisatin has nly just begun. This ffers many develping ecnmies a revlutinary new path t catch up with the living standards f the develped wrld.
1．What can we knw abut the digital revlutin?
A．It increases peple’s debts in deglbalisatin.
B．It prevents emerging ecnmy frm develping.
C．It advances in emerging and develped ecnmies.
D．It develps mst rapidly in Indnesia in terms f GDP.
2．Where are peple mre willing t accept digital services?
A．In ecnmies lacking in nline services.
B．In cuntries shrt f basic physical facilities.
C．In natins with adequate stres and services.
D．In scieties easy t access dctrs and banks.
3．What des the authr think f the future f digitisatin?
A．Stable.B．Hpeful.
C．Depressing.D．Challenging.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Digital technlgy saves emerging ecnmies.
B．Deglbalisatin limits technlgy revlutins.
C．Emerging ecnmies struggle in the pandemic.
D．Digital revlutin grws better in glbalisatin.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The digital revlutin is already as prgressive in emerging ecnmies as develped nes(数字革命在新兴经济体已经和发达经济体一样进步). ”可知，数字革命在新兴经济体和发达经济体中一样进步。故选C项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In cuntries where peple have difficulty even finding a bank r a dctr, they will jump at the first digital ptin that cmes alng. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have n underserved(服务不足的) ppulatins. Natins lacking in schls, hspitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing nline services. Thugh nly 5 percent f Kenyans carry credit cards, mre than 70 percent have access t digital banking(在一些国家，人们甚至很难找到银行或医生，他们会欣然接受出现的第一个数字化选择结果。局外人很难理解数字服务对服务不足人群的影响。缺乏学校、医院和银行的国家可以通过建立在线服务迅速弥合这些差距。尽管只有5%的肯尼亚人持有信用卡，但超过70%的人可以使用数字银行). ”可知，在缺乏基本物质设施的国家的人们更愿意接受数字服务。故选B项。
3．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nw, the fading era f glbalisatin will limit the number f emerging markets, but the era f rapid digitisatin has nly just begun. This ffers many develping ecnmies a revlutinary new path t catch up with the living standards f the develped wrld(如今，全球化渐行渐远的时代将限制新兴市场的数量，但快速数字化的时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平). ”推知，作者认为数字化的未来是有希望的。故选B项。
4．A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Emerging ecnmies struggled t grw thrugh the 2010s and pessimism cvers them nw. Peple wnder hw they will pay debts and hw they can grw rapidly as they did in the past in an era f deglbalisatin(去全球化)(新兴经济体在21世纪的头十年曾艰难增长，如今悲观情绪笼罩着它们。人们想知道，他们将如何偿还债务，如何像过去在去全球化时代那样快速增长). ”和第二段中的“The freshest f many answers t this issue is the fast-spreading digital revlutin(对于这个问题，许多答案中最新的是迅速传播的数字革命). ”可知，文章主要是关于数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。故选A项。
Ⅱ．七选五
I knw that facing uncertainty at wrk can be stressful，particularly in the current ecnmic climate. While I dn’t knw the particulars f yur situatin，I can prvide sme general advice t help reduce the chance f being laid ff.
Start by demnstrating yur skills and value t yur cmpany. __1__ Meanwhile，shw yur talents n high-pririty assignments. Prvide regular prgress updates n the financial impact directly related t yur wrk. And share yur accmplishments with yur directrs. __2__
Next，take steps t make sure yu are seen as vital t yur clients. Often emplyers cnsider the impact layffs will have n custmer relatins. __3__ Hwever，it may leave a lasting impressin n management and clleagues wh may be very helpful in yur future career.
__4__ T prepare fr a layff，take practical steps，such as updating yur resume(简历) and prfile t highlight any prmtins，new skills，prjects，and educatinal achievements. Make use f yur netwrk n the jb-searching APP and ther virtual platfrms t cnnect with peple in yur field.
Financial preparatins are als strngly advised. Review yur budget and cut it where yu can. __5__ Make sure yu knw the requirements fr unemplyment in yur state as well as the anticipated benefit amunt s that yu can wrk that int any budget plans. And if pssible，cnsider applying fr new pprtunities.
A．It will allw yu t increase yur savings.
B．They may nt be aware f all that yu’ve dne.
C．A layff may cme as a shck t any emplyer.
D．While yu plan fr the best，prepare fr the wrst.
E．Of curse，these steps may nt always prevent a layff.
F．One f the best ways t d that is by grwing yur skills.
G．This may mean vlunteering fr tasks that thers dn’t want t d.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于减少被解雇的可能性的建议。
1．G 根据上文“Start by demnstrating yur skills and value t yur cmpany. ”以及下文的“Meanwhile, shw yur talents n high-pririty assignments. ”可知，上文提到展示你的技能和对公司的价值开始。此处承接上文说明这么做的意义：意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作。G项“这可能意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作。”符合语境。故选G项。
2．B 根据上文的“And share yur accmplishments with yur directrs. ”可知，上文提到和主管分享成就。此处为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因：他们可能不知道你所做的一切。B项中的They指代上文中的directrs。故B项“他们可能不知道你所做的一切。”符合语境。故选B项。
3．E 根据上文“Next, take steps t make sure yu are seen as vital t yur clients. Often emplyers cnsider the impact layffs will have n custmer relatins(接下来，采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人。雇主通常会考虑裁员对客户关系的影响). ”以及下文“Hwever, it may leave a lasting impressin n management and clleagues wh may be very helpful in yur future career(然而，这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助). ”可知，此处承接上文，说明“采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人”这一做法对避免裁员的不一定有用。下文与此处构成转折，指出这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助。E项“当然，这些措施不一定能避免裁员。”符合语境。故选E项。
4．D 根据下文的“T prepare fr a layff, take practical steps, such as updating yur resume(简历) and prfile t highlight any prmtins, new skills, prjects, and educatinal achievements. Make use f yur netwrk n the jb-searching App and ther virtual platfrms t cnnect with peple in yur field(为被解雇做好准备，采取切实可行的措施，比如，更新你的简历和简介，突出任何晋升、新技能、项目和教育成就。利用你在求职软件和其他虚拟平台上的人际网络与你所在领域的人建立联系). ”可知，下文提到为被解雇做好准备，即做好最坏的打算。D项“做最好的打算，做最坏的打算。”符合语境。故选D项。
5．A 根据上文的“Financial preparatins are als strngly advised. Review yur budget and cut it where yu can(还强烈建议做好财务准备。回顾你的预算，在你能削减的地方削减). ”可知，上文提到削减开支，即增加储蓄。A项“它可以让你增加储蓄。”符合语境。故选A项。
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