北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 12 InnovationLesson 3 Stephen Hawking图片ppt课件

这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 12 InnovationLesson 3 Stephen Hawking图片ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课前自主预习，猜词意，课文语篇研读，课堂新知讲练，◇词汇拓讲，◇句式解读，语 言 时 空，□观察领悟，□介词短语，□追踪练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A．重力，引力　B．减少，降低　C．宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的　D．克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜　E．理论的　
1．The final chapter summarises the bk’s theretical pints.(　　)2．Gravity is the frce that causes things t drp t the grund.(　　)【答案】1—2　EA　
3．The number f turists t the ancient twn declined by 5%.(　　)4．My mum and daddy used t have a grand Christmas party every year.(　　)5．If yu vercme a prblem r a feeling，yu successfully deal with it and cntrl it.(　　)【答案】3—5　BCD　
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写　1．thery n. 理论；学说→ _________ adj. 理论的　(参考：practice→practical)　2．ver＋cme→ _________ vt. 克服；控制；征服；战胜　(参考：ver＋sleep→versleep)　3．________ v. 降低；减少→rise/increase v. (反义词)提高　【答案】1．theretical　2．vercme　3．decline　
Ⅲ．完成句子1．T ur relief，the children returned hme ___________ at last.令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地回到了家里。2．____________，the sprts meeting will be held n time.尽管天气不好，运动会将按时举行。【答案】1．safe and sund　2．In spite f the bad weather　
3．The children ______________ vilent TV prgrammes.孩子们不被准许观看暴力电视节目。4．_____________ ur teachers，we have finished all the tasks.在老师们的帮助下，我们完成了所有的任务。【答案】3．are nt allwed t watch　4．With the help f　
一、阅读理解　(　　)1．Hw ld was Hawking when he died?A．76 years ld.B．78 years ld.C．83 years ld.D．86 years ld.【答案】A
(　　)2．When did physicians discver that Hawking had a rare，slw-prgressing frm f ALS?A．In 1942．B．In 1959.C．In 1961．D．In 1963.【答案】D
(　　)3．What was the result f his peratin in 1985?A．He lst his sight.B．He lst his speech.C．He lst his hearing.D．He lst the use f his hands.【答案】B
(　　)4．What happened t Hawking in 2010?A．He was expected t live fr a few years.B．He fund his first jb in a university.C．He published The Grand Design with Lenard Mldinw.D．He decided t write A Brief Histry f Time.【答案】C
(　　)5．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?A．Because f the illness，Hawking was allwed t d research nly rather than teach.B．Hawking was brn with ALS in 1942.C．Hawking believed the birth f the universe created many small black hles.D．Hawking thinks we shuld lk fr a different way t discver the deepest secrets f the universe.【答案】B　
二、判断正误　(　　)1．Hawking was nly famus fr his brilliant wrk in theretical physics and csmlgy.(　　)2．Hawking nce wrked at the Institute f Astrnmy in Cambridge.(　　)3．Hawking began t research physics since the January f 1942.【答案】1—3 FTF　
(　　)4．Althugh Hawking’s physical abilities declined ver decades，he never stpped his studies and he develped a number f new ideas abut black hles.(　　)5．A Briefer Histry f Time(2005) was sld ne cpy fr every 750 peple n Earth.【答案】4—5 TF　
1．vercme vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜　(P58)Hawking was famus，nt just fr his brilliant wrk in theretical physics and csmlgy，but als fr vercming the challenges f ALS (a disease that affects muscle cntrl).【翻译】霍金举世闻名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出成就，还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
【语言提升】(1)vercme 还可表示“解决；困扰；熏倒；击败；压倒；使受不了”等(过去式：vercame；过去分词：vercme)　vercme difficulty 克服困难　vercme pverty 脱贫；战胜贫困　
(2)ver-通常用作前缀，来合成一些单词，主要有以下三种情况：　① 表示“过度，过分”　verwrk n. 过度工作；v. 工作过度　vercrwded adj. 挤满的　verjyed adj. 非常高兴；欣喜若狂　verall adj. 全部的；全体的；一切在内的；综合的　adv. 全面地；总计；总的说来　
②表示“在……之上”　verlk v. 远眺；忽视，忽略；瞭望；检查　verwhelm v. 压倒；泛滥　vercat n. 外套　③表示“翻转”　verturn v. 颠覆　verthrw v. 推翻　
The night befre the test I was vercme by fear and despair.考试的前一晚我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。The residents were trying t escape frm the fire but were vercme by smke.居民们正设法逃出大火，却被烟熏倒了。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)Success grws ut f struggle t _________________.成功是在克服困难的奋斗中成长起来的。【答案】(1)vercme difficulties　
(2)We’re creating a mvement t __________________.我们正在行动起来，以战胜贫困。(3)We ______________ hear that ur team had wn the champinship.听说我们队得了冠军，大家喜出望外。【答案】(2)vercme pverty　(3)were verjyed t　
2．decline vi. 减少，降低　(P59)Althugh Hawking’s physical abilities declined ver decades，he never ceased his studies and he develped a number f new ideas abut black hles.【翻译】尽管身体状况不断下降，霍金几十年间从未停止自己的研究，他发展了一些有关黑洞的新思想。
【语言提升】decline　v. 变小；变少；减少；降低；谢绝；婉言拒绝；下沉；使(名词；代词；形容词)变化词形　n. 日渐衰弱；持续减少；不断下降；下跌；贬值；夕阳渐沉　n the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中　in decline 在衰退中　ecnmic decline 经济衰退　
The number f staff has declined frm 217,000 t 114,000.员工人数已从217,000人减少到114,000人。He declined their invitatin.他谢绝了他们的邀请。He ffered the bys sme cffee. They declined plitely.他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。Official figures shw a sharp decline in the number f freign turists.官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。
【易混辨析】diminish，decline，decrease，reduce 这些词都有“减少，减轻”的意思。diminish v. 指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指素质或者价值的下降。decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。
decrease v. 指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。reduce v. 指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。The supply f il has diminished because f the war.由于战争，石油的供应减少了。Last year，the crime rate in Chicag has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
The ppulatin decreased a lt last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。He reduced the amunt f mney they culd spend.他缩减了他们的开销。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)Thugh cities grew in size and number fr lng perids，they culd _____________ in a certain perid，t.虽然长期来看，城市规模的大小和数量不断扩大，但一定时期也会遭受缩减下降。【答案】(1)decline and fall　
(2)These numbers have been _____________ fr decades.近几十年来，这些数字都在减少。(3)Industry in Britain ______________ since the 1970s.英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。(4)Thankfully the smking f cigarettes is ____________.值得庆幸的是，吸烟正在减少。【答案】(2)n the decline　(3)has been in decline　(4)n the decline　
(5)Even chimp mthers regularly ____________ share fd with their children.甚至黑猩猩的母亲经常拒绝与其孩子分享食物。(6)The figures represent ____________ emplyment.这些数字表明就业率的总体下降。【答案】(5)decline t　(6)a general decline in　
3．in spite f 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)　(P59)In spite f his disease，Hawking didn’t cnsider himself an unlucky man.【翻译】尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
【语言提升】despite为书面用语，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite f。ntwithstanding prep. 虽然，尽管；语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。
They persevered in spite f all kinds f difficulties.尽管有各种困难，他们还是坚持了下去。Despite his advanced years，he is learning t drive.虽然年事已高，他现在在学习驾驶汽车。He despised William Pitt，ntwithstanding the similar views they bth held.他瞧不起威廉·皮特，尽管他们俩所持有的观点相似。
His relatins with clleagues，differences f pinin ntwithstanding，were unfailingly friendly.他与同事们尽管有意见分歧，但关系一直很融洽。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)He went fishing ______ ______ ______ rain.尽管下着雨，他还是去钓鱼了。(2)I went shpping ______ ______ ______ the rain.尽管下雨，我还是出去买东西了。(3) ________ his cries，n ne came t his assistance.尽管他哭喊，却没有人来帮助他。【答案】(1)in spite f　(2)in spite f　(3)Despite　
1．(P58)Hawking was famus，nt just fr his brilliant wrk in theretical physics and csmlgy，but als fr vercming the challenges f ALS (a disease that affects muscle cntrl).【翻译】霍金举世闻名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出成就，还因为他克服了ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。
【句式剖析】nt just…but als…与nt nly…but als…同义，意为“不仅……而且……”，后面接的是相同的介词短语，分别为“fr his brilliant wrk in theretical physics and csmlgy”和“fr vercming the challenges f ALS”。
【句式提升】nt nly…but als…是英语中比较常见的一个关联词组，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者。它的意思是“不仅……而且……”，其中的als有时可以省略。
(1)主要用法　①连接主语　Nt nly I but als Tm and Mary are fnd f watching televisin.不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽也都喜欢看电视。
②连接谓语动词　The Americans and the British nt nly speak the same language but als share a large number f scial custms.英国人和美国人不但说同一门语言，而且有很多相同的社会风俗。
③连接宾语　The prblem fr the recipient was trying t guess nt nly wh the sender was，but als what his secret feelings might be.收信人不仅要尽力猜出是谁寄的，还要推测寄信人内心有什么想法。
④连接宾语补足语　Light and bright clurs make peple nt nly happier but mre active.浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了更高兴，也会使人更加活泼。⑤连接表语　Shakespeare was nt nly a dramatist but (als) an actr.莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
⑥连接状语　If yur friend reminds yu kindly f yur faults，take what he says nt merely pleasantly but thankfully.如果你的朋友善意地指出你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
⑦连接从句　He didn’t let us ff the hk until we had prved nt nly that we knew what an rganism was but als that we had the frtitude t stand up fr the truth.直到我们证明了我们不仅知道什么是生物体，而且具有坚持真理的不屈不挠精神时，他这才放过我们。
⑧连接定语　Man has becme master nt nly f the sky but als f the space.人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。⑨连接句子　I nt nly heard it，but (als) I saw it.我不仅听到，而且看到了它。
⑩用于 it is…that…强调结构　It is nt nly the scientist and the physician wh need a lng special training nw，but the cmputer expert，the accuntant，and the business manager.现在，不仅科学家和医生需要长期的专门训练，计算机专家、会计师和企业经理也需要这种训练。
(2)倒装用法　nt nly…but (als)…连接句子时，nt nly 可以置于句首表示强调，这时其引导的分句要采用倒装结构。Nt nly has he a first-class brain but als he is a tremendusly hard wrker.他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。Nt nly had the pr man been arrested but he had been sent t prisn as well.这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被送进监狱。
(3)nt nly…but als…的省略及其变体　nt nly…but als…中的als可以省略。有人认为该结构所连接的第二部分是形容词最高级或它所表示的范围、程度、影响等超过第一部分时，常将als省略。
He is famus nt nly in China but (als) in the whle wrld.他不仅闻名中国，而且闻名全球。Nt nly d they suffer less pain than mst wmen in labur，but the twn basts an unusually lw rate f infant mrtality.这不仅使她们比大多数产妇少受痛苦，而且使城市婴儿死亡率大大降低。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)I knw _______________.我不仅懂英语，而且懂俄语。(2)A gas changes __________ in shape _______ in vlume.气体不仅改变形状，而且改变体积。【答案】(1)nt nly English but als Russian　(2)nt nly; but als　
(3)He was nt nly ________ but als __________ f his time.他不仅是一位成功的作家，而且是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。(4)It is nt nly ______________，but als ______________，fr which we are accuntable.我们不但要对我们所做的事负责，而且要对我们没有去做的事负责。【答案】(3)a successful writer; the greatest pet　(4)what we d; what we d nt d　
(5) _______________________ n the matter，but the students have theirs t.对这件事，不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。【答案】(5)Nt nly d the prfessrs have their wn ideas/pinins　
2．(P59)And he believed this was because f the help he received frm his family and a large number f peple and rganisatins.【翻译】而且他相信，这是因为他收到来自他的家人、很多人及组织机构的援助。
【句式剖析】“the help he received frm his family and a large number f peple and rganisatins”是省略了关系词that/which的定语从句。
【句式提升】定语从句由关系词引导。关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。归纳起来，关系词(关系代词和关系副词)的省略有以下情形：　
(1)关系代词作宾语时的省略：当关系代词wh，whm，which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于定语从句句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。Is there anything (that) yu wanted?你想要什么东西吗?
(2)关系代词作表语时的省略：当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。China is nt the cuntry (that) it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)　
(3)关系副词when的省略：用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day，year，time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。That was the year (that) I first went abrad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’ll never frget the day (that) we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。
(4)关系副词where的省略：用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place，smewhere，anywhere，everywhere，nwhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。This is the place (where) they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have yu smewhere (that) I can lie dwn fr an hur?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?
(5)关系副词why的省略：关系副词why通常只用于the reasn后的定语从句，且通常可换成that或fr which，三者均可省略。That’s the reasn (why/fr which/that) he came.这就是他来的原因。Give me ne reasn (why) we shuld help yu.给我一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
【针对练习】请用含有省略关系词的定语从句翻译下列句子　(1)你刚刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。__________________________________________　【答案】(1)I have been t the city twice (that/which)yu just visited.
(2)我希望我提的建议有些帮助。__________________________________________　(3)代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。__________________________________________　【答案】(2)I hpe the advice (that/which) I put frward will be f sme help.(3)Generatin gap is a prblem (that/which)peple are interested in.
(4)刚才和你讲话的人是谁?__________________________________________　(5)这就是你一直在找的汽车钥匙。__________________________________________　【答案】(4)Wh is the man (that/wh/whm) yu were talking t?(5)This is the car key (that/which) yu’ve been lking fr.
【例句观察】1．Mary came back because f the rain.2．It is the best way f ding it.3．This is against the law.4．I fund everything in gd cnditin.
【我的领悟】在以上的句子中，黑体部分都在句子中充当某种句子成分。在句1中，because f the rain在句中作 ____________；在句2中，f ding it在句中作 ________；在句3中，against the law在句中作 ________；在句4中，in gd cnditin在句中作 ________。Keys：状语；定语；表语；宾语补足语　
一、介词短语的构成　介词在句中不能单独存在，而是必须以介词短语的形式存在。介词短语的构成如下 (其中 “介词＋名词” 短语结构最常见)：　
1．介词＋名词　Unfrtunately，there was nt enugh demand fr ur prduct.不幸的是，我们的产品市场需求不足。There is a real need fr discipline in this class.这个班级，没纪律不行。
2．介词＋代词　He always carried the pht with him.他总是随身带着那张相片。He is nt interested in that at all.他根本对那个不感兴趣。
3．介词＋动词的-ing形式　He entered the rm withut taking ff his shes.他没有脱掉鞋就进了房间。He bjected t being treated like a child.他反对被当作小孩看待。
4．介词＋数词　She is a mther f tw.她是一位有两个孩子的母亲。It is half past six nw.现在是6点半。
5．介词＋形容词或副词　Yur plan is far frm perfect.你的计划远没有那么完美。I heard smene calling me frm belw.我听见有人在下面叫我。
6．介词＋另一个介词＋名词　I saw her frm acrss the street.我从街对面看到她。We never play bridge until after dinner.我们只在晚饭后打桥牌。
7．介词＋名词性从句　We shuld learn frm what yu have dne wrngly.我们应从你们的错误中学习。The exercises are well dne except that sme wrds are misspelled.除了一些单词拼写错误之外，这些练习做得不错。
The car stpped nly a few inches frm where I std.汽车在离我站的地方仅几英寸处停下来了。He gave a lessn n hw t imprve sil.他给大家上了一堂如何改良土壤的课。
8．介词＋复合结构　I had n bjectin t Jenny marrying him.我不反对詹妮和他结婚。He sat in his rm with n light n.他坐在他的房间里，没有开灯。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他亮着灯睡着了。
9．介词＋动词不定式　I had n alternative but t walk ut.我别无选择只好走出去。She can d everything except ck.她什么都会，就是不会做饭。
二、介词短语在句中的作用　1．作状语　His parents wrk n a farm.他父母在农场工作。He arrived in Washingtn at five ’clck in the mrning.他早晨五点到达华盛顿。
2．作定语　The bk n the desk is very interesting.书桌上的那本书很有趣。3．作表语　This bk will be f great use t yu.这本书对你会有很大的用处。
4．作宾语补足语　I fund him in truble.我发现他身陷困境。
完成句子1．Put yur hand ________________ yur right lens and just lk thrugh yur left lens.把你的手放在右边的镜片前，只看你左边的镜片。【答案】1．in frnt f　
2．He stle a sidelng glance at the yung wman sitting ________________ n the train.在火车上他偷偷地瞄了一眼坐在他旁边的年轻女士。3．I am writing ________________ yur jb applicatin.关于您申请工作一事，现致函回复。【答案】2．next t him　3．with reference t　
4．__________ her wrries，she passed the exam with flying clurs.尽管她有些担忧，但还是以优异的成绩通过了考试。5．I speak _____________ many thusands f wmen.我代表成千上万的女性发言。【答案】4．In spite f　5．n behalf f　
6．The climbers made their ascent f the muntain ________ ________.登山者在没有氧气的情况下登山。7．I was just able t make ut a dark figure ____________.我只能看到远处有个黑影。【答案】6．withut xygen　7．in the distance　
一、单词拼写　1．This is certainly a __________ (理论的) risk but in practice there is seldm a prblem.2．This week Sabrina reminds herself t ________ (克服) her fear f giving a speech.【答案】1．theretical　2．vercme　
3．The Palace f Versailles is very __________ (宏伟的).4．Steel prductin f this factry has ______ (降低) by 25% as cmpared with last year.5．Nthing is pulling n yu，nly ________ (重力).【答案】3．grand　4．declined　5．gravity　
二、单句语法填空1．It is ________ (theretical) pssible fr him t verrule their decisin，but highly unlikely.2．Juliet can find a way f ________ (vercme) the difficulty.【答案】1．theretically　2．vercming　
3．He is ________ (grand) and even richer than the Prince f Wales.4．Their spkesman declined __________ (cmment) n the allegatins.【答案】3．grander　4．t cmment　
三、完成句子1．This is ____________ anther disaster mvie — it’s a masterpiece.不能说它只是又一部灾难片——它是一部杰作。【答案】1．nt just　
2．Althugh the dynasty and central gvernment were _______ by the 9th century，art and culture cntinued t flurish.虽然到9世纪王朝和中央政府都在走下坡路，但艺术和文化仍然持续蓬勃发展。3．Raw meat ______________ cked meat.生肉和熟肉必须分开。【答案】2．in decline　3．must be separated frm　
4．He made ne big mistake，and，______________，lst his jb.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。5．Neil’s clleagues said he was actually in a jking，upbeat md ________________ the bad news.尼尔的同事说，尽管有这样的坏消息，他居然还有心情嬉笑、逗乐。【答案】4．as a result　5．in spite f