高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists优秀教学作业课件ppt

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UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSReading And Thinking 分层作业基础巩固Ⅰ.单词拼写1.There are many 　　　　(证据) that the athlete will win the gold medal in the competition. 2.Officials say that few citizens are 　　　　 (传染) with the virus owing to effective prevention now. 3.Experts have pointed out that the absence of 　　　　(/sɪˈvɪə(r)/)punishment plays a major role in the growing food safety problems. 4.Cheer up! You needn’t feel f　　　at your failure in the exam.  5.Drivers are taught how to h　　　　 emergencies before they receive their driving licenses. Ⅱ.选词填空once and for all;subscribe to;thanks to;attend to;give birth1.　　　　　　 your timely help, we finished the task in time.  2.If you 　　　　　　China Daily,it’ll be delivered to your door every day.  3.In the video, we can see the nurses in Huoshenshan Hospital are busy 　　　　　　 the patients. 4.His wife 　　　　　　 to their baby one year after they got married, which seemed to have brought out his sense of responsibility. 5.We have to take measures to settle plastic pollution 　　　　　　,which is harmful to our environment and our own health. Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.My computer has been linked 　　　　 the Internet in our office. 2.It is a word with 　　　　(multiply) meanings. 3.That girl did the right thing, so we shouldn’t blame the accident 　　　　 her. 4.The number of people riding motorcycles without helmets is 　　　　 the decrease. 5.Origin-tracing of the virus is a 　　　　(pure) scientific matter and should be left in the hands of scientists.  6.Suspecting the traveler 　　　　 carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase. 7.“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory　　　　 a product-making power, one driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity. Ⅳ.完成句子1.我们还没决定去哪儿过暑假。(疑问词+不定式)We haven’t decided 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for our summer holiday.  2.学生们应该积极参加社区活动以便他们能够获得成长经验。(so that)Students should involve themselves in community activities actively 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 experience of growth. 3.那个男孩从自行车上摔下来弄断了腿,这让他的父母非常难过。 (have sth. done)The boy fell off the bicycle and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, which made his parents very sad.Ⅰ.课文语法填空　　Cholera,as 　1　 type of deadly disease of its day,threatened ordinary people. John Snow was 　2　(determine) to solve this problem. He knew that only if he found its cause would it be controlled. There were two theories that 　3　(possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow 　4　(subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. In 1854, another outbreak of cholera hit London. Snow decided to have an 　5　(investigate). He marked the places on a map, 　6　 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 　7　 these people drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 　8　(blame). He made further research and concluded that polluted water led 　9　 the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 　10　(defeat). 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 能力提升Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2021河北正定中学期末)　　In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high-schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba Province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school-based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba’s high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.“These Manitoba’s high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, vivid and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.1.According to the passage, what can we know about the Win-Cube satellite?A.It is named after Manitoba and its shape.B.It is intended for international communication.C.It is designed like a Rubik’s cube in size.D.It is challenged by university students around the world.2.What can we learn from Mr. Bjomson?A.Those Manitoba’s high school students are worth praising.B.The study of space can be practically made in classrooms.C.Manitoba’s high schools are famous for the study of space.D.Scientific research is too far away from high school students.3.What may be the best title for the passage?A.Manitoba’s SchoolsB.The Win-Cube ProgramC.Space CooperationD.Satellite LaunchingB(2021山东师范大学附属中学月考)What if we had the power to control time, instead of moving from the past to the present to the future? What if we could jump, loop and travel through time in a machine? What if we could go wherever and whenever we pleased?This ability would allow us to witness historic wonders, change decisions and see people from the past. We could right wrongs and stop wars breaking out once and for all.The mysterious puzzle of time has kept people debating its nature for hundreds of years. Science fiction writers have turned it into imaginative stories. Some scientists have even attempted to explain it using math. This math tries to make the dream of time travel come true.The gifted scientist Albert Einstein said that time and space are one thing. He called it “spacetime”. Einstein said that there are three dimensions in space: height, width and depth. A mathematician named Hermann Minkowski added time as a fourth dimension.Einstein introduced two ideas that have led to theories about the possibility of time travel. The first is relativity. The idea of relativity is that the force of gravity causes space to bend, which causes time to twist. The second idea focuses on special relativity. The idea is that a traveler moving super fast through flat spacetime will enter the future. Einstein considered time “relative” because it is measured based on where we are on Earth or in space.Stephen Hawking is a famous scientist. He believed that a time machine would never be built. If it were possible, he thought, we would already know. If a time machine could be built, how come no one from the future has invaded us?The first science fiction story about this theme is The Clock That Went Backward by Edward P. Mitchell, which was published in 1881.Since then, thousands of books, films and television shows linked to this theme have explored the idea of time travel, in which some tools such as phones, watches, photographs and old books take travelers backward and forward.Will time travel ever happen? Who knows? The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.4.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To show time and space are connected.B.To show people’s interest in time travel.C.To draw readers’ attention to time travel.D.To make people believe time travel is possible.5.Which of the following statements could Einstein agree with?A.Time travel is possible in the future.B.People can’t move faster than light.C.Time travel is against scientific rules.D.Spacetime is not a real thing in theory.6.What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?A.The first science fiction story.B.Some tools used in time travel.C.Edward P. Mitchell, the pioneer.D.Different works about time travel.7.What is the writer’s attitude toward time travel?A.Cautious.　　B.Approving.C.Doubtful.　　D.Hopeful.Ⅲ.七选五(2022江苏阜宁中学月考)Maybe you’re a young outstanding scientist wanting to have an influence on the world, or a more seasoned veteran of scientific study who is curious about how to get better at your job. Either way, there are several key steps to develop your ability to make positive contributions to the world.Experiment with new ideas. An important part of scientific discovery is the result of hard work and luck. Luck has frequently played a large role in scientific discovery.　1　 You never know when experimentation and luck will collide(碰撞) to create an important discovery. Be open to failure. You may think a scientist should be smart,gifted, skilled in mathematics, and precise. 　2　 Being a scientist is 90% failure and 10% success. Take charge of your ideas. Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day.　3　 As a scientist in a competitive field, you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further. Practice your writing skills. 　4　 Try to do a little writing every day, and put your ideas or thinking down on the page so you can get into the habit of recording your ideas, which could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest scientific theory. 　5　 Though hard work is necessary to be a good scientist, it’s important to strike a balance between professional work and personal downtime. Don’t let yourself get burnt out. A.Keep a balance between hard work and rest.B.So, don’t be afraid to play around with new ideas.C.You will do better work if you work with someone else.D.Create a writing process that works for you and stick to it.E.You should be open to the solutions made by others in the field.F.Though some of them will be bad, many could lead to a new experiment or theory.G.However, an important quality a good scientist should have is a willingness to fail.1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 答案解析Ⅰ.1.proofs　2.infected　3.severe　4.frustrated 5.handleⅡ. 1.Thanks to　2.subscribe to　3.attending to4.gave birth　5.once and for allⅢ.1.to/with　考查介词。be linked to/with...意为“连接到……”。故填to或with。2.multiple　考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰复数名词meanings,故用形容词multiple,意为“多种多样的”。3.on　考查介词。blame sth. on sb./sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”,故用介词on。易错归因　　本题容易误填for,注意blame sb./sth. for sth.“把某事归咎于某人/某物”与上面说的blame sth. on sb./sth.的区别,for后接的是所说的事故,on后接的是要责怪的人或物。4.on　考查介词。 on the decrease意为“在减少”,故填on。5.purely　考查副词。根据空后的形容词scientific可知,空格处应用副词修饰形容词,故填purely。6.of　考查介词。suspect sb. of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填of。7.into　考查介词。transform...(from...)into...意为“把……(从……)转变为……”。故填into。此处指将中国从一个产品制造工厂转变为一个以创新为动力、强调质量高于数量的产品制造大国。Ⅳ.1.where to go　2.so that they can gain 　3.had his leg brokenⅠ.1.a　考查冠词。此处指霍乱作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示一种致命的疾病,应用不定冠词表泛指,type以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。2.determined　考查形容词。be determined to do...意为“下定决心做……”,故填determined。3.possibly　考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词explained,应填副词possibly,意为“可能地”。4.subscribed　考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。5.investigation　考查名词。设空处作have的宾语且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知应用名词investigation。6.which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前是一个完整的句子,且前面有逗号隔开,设空处所在的句子缺少主语,由此推断设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。 7.because　考查从属连词。此处指一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。故填because。8.to blame　考查固定搭配。be to blame意为“负有责任”,故填to blame。9.to　考查介词。 lead to导致。故填to。10.was defeated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时; “霍乱王”与“打败”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;由主语为“King Cholera”可知谓语动词用单数。故填was defeated。Ⅱ. A本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了一个旨在激发学生强烈探索欲望的项目——“Win-Cube”。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“will begin test-launching a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube”可知,Win-Cube卫星在大小上设计得像魔方。故选C。2.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“These Manitoba’s high school students deserve congratulations for their brilliance, innovation, and a strong love for discovery”可知,Mr. Bjomson认为这些马尼托巴省的高中生因他们的才华、创新和对发现的强烈热爱而值得被祝贺,所以这些马尼托巴省的高中生值得表扬。故选A。3.B　主旨大意题。本文第一段引出“Win-Cube”项目,下面几段详细说明了它的名字及用途、它的参与人员、对它的评价以及它的目的,所以本文的最佳标题为:“Win-Cube”项目。故选B。【高频词汇】　1.in cooperation with...与……合作　2.participation n.参加;参与　3.challenging adj.挑战性的　4.deserve v.值得;应得;应受　5.relate to...与……相关6.devotion n.热爱;奉献【熟词生义】　1.hand n.角色;作用;影响　2.driver n.驱动因素长难句分析　该句中的分号连接两个句子。在分号前面的句子中,that引导定语从句,修饰先行词something;在分号后面的句子中,allowing high school students...为现在分词短语作状语,其中to learn more about the exciting world of engineering为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰opportunity,through their participation in this challenging program为介词短语作方式状语。译文　“Win-Cube”项目不是在一张纸上进行的东西;它是存在于现实世界的工程,让高中生有机会通过参与这个具有挑战性的项目来更多地了解令人兴奋的工程世界。B本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了时间旅行是否能够成为可能,并且引出了科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和斯蒂芬·霍金对时间旅行的看法,同时也介绍了关于时间旅行的不同作品。4.C　推理判断题。在第一段作者提出了几个假设“如果我们有能力控制时间,而不是从过去到现在再到未来,会怎样?如果我们能在一台机器里跳跃、循环和穿越时间会怎样?如果我们可以想去哪儿就去哪儿,想什么时候去就什么时候去会怎样?”然后开始介绍时间旅行这一话题,故推断作者写第一段的目的是吸引读者对时间旅行的注意。故选C。5.A　推理判断题。根据第五段首句可知,爱因斯坦提出了两种观点,这两种观点引出了关于时间旅行的可能性的理论。由此可推知,爱因斯坦会同意A项“时间旅行在未来是可能的”的说法。6.D　主旨大意题。倒数第二段介绍了第一个以时间旅行为主题的科幻故事,此后,出现了成千上万的探讨时间旅行的书籍、电影和电视节目。由此可知,倒数第二段的主要内容是介绍关于时间旅行的不同作品。故选D。易错归因　　A、B、C项都犯了“以偏概全”的错误,它们都分别是本段内容的一个方面。7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The most important thing is to keep your eyes open and have a sense of wonder.”可知,作者认为最重要的事情是睁大眼睛并保持一种好奇感,故推断作者对时间旅行是抱有希望的,故选D。【高频词汇】　1.witness v.见证;目击　2.wonder n.奇迹;奇观;惊奇3.mysterious adj.神秘的　4.imaginative adj.富于想象力的　5.attempt v.试图　6.cautious adj.谨慎的7.approving adj.赞成的【熟词生义】　right v.纠正长难句分析　本句是主从复合句。thousands of books, films and television shows是主句的主语,linked to this theme是修饰主语的后置定语;in which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词thousands of books, films and television shows。译文　从那时起,成千上万的与这个主题相关的书籍、电影和电视节目探讨了时间旅行的概念,其中,一些工具,如手机、手表、照片和旧书等带着旅行者来回穿梭。Ⅲ.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了几个能够培养对世界做出积极贡献的能力的关键方法。1.B　细节句。 根据本段主旨句以及设空处上句可知,要尝试新想法,因为运气在科学发现中经常扮演重要角色,所以不要害怕尝试新的想法,我们不知道什么时候实验和运气会发生碰撞而产生重大发现。此处强调新想法的重要性,B项符合语境。2.G　过渡句。设空处上句提到“你可能认为科学家应该聪明、有天赋、擅长数学且一丝不苟”,设空处下句提到“当一名科学家,失败占90%,成功占10%”。G项“然而,一名优秀的科学家应该具备的一个重要品质是愿意失败”与上句构成转折关系,与下句存在顺承关系,承上启下,符合语境。3.F　细节句。根据设空处下句内容可知,作为竞争性领域的科学家,你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会,所以虽然我们每天提出来的想法中有一些是不好的,但许多可能会导致一个新的实验或理论。F项符合语境。4.D　细节句。根据本段主旨句可知,本段主要讲练习你的写作技巧,D项“创造一个适合自己的写作过程,并坚持下去”符合该段主旨,且下文的“Try to do a little writing every day”是该项中“stick to it”的具体体现。5.A　主旨句。根据2~5段开头语可知,设空处应是本段主旨句,应使用祈使句的形式。下文说到了虽然努力工作对成为一名优秀的科学家来说是必不可少的,但平衡好专业的工作和个人的休息是非常重要的,A项“保持努力工作和休息之间的平衡”符合本段主旨。【高频词汇】　7.strike a balance between A and B平衡A和B;在A和B之间找到折中办法　8.stick to坚持【差距词汇】　1.seasoned adj.富有经验的　2.veteran n.老手;老兵长难句分析　这是一个主从复合句。句中or连接两个并列的表语(a young outstanding scientist...和 a more seasoned veteran...);wanting to have an influence on the world为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 a young outstanding scientist;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词 a more seasoned veteran of scientific study。译文　也许你是一位想要对世界产生影响的杰出的年轻科学家,或者是一个富有经验的科研老手,很好奇如何在工作上做得更好。