初中英语考试语法三大从句总结

这是一份初中英语考试语法三大从句总结，共11页。试卷主要包含了定义，连接词，时态，翻译方法 “…. 的”等内容，欢迎下载使用。
宾语从句
一、定义
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词
that: I think that yu can pass the exam.
Whether/if: I dn’t knw what the wrd means.
“Wh”: I dn’t knw what the wrd means.
I dn’t knw where he fund the bk.
只用whether的情况：
1. 与r nt连用：
I dn’t knw whether it’s raining r nt.
2. 与动词不定式连用：
He desn’t knw whether t accept the invitatin.
3. 连接词前有介词时：
It depends n whether he is cming.
三、时态
1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)
She wants t knw what he has dne fr the exam.
2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
1）She said that she was a student.
2）She said that she wuld fly t Japan in a week.
3）She said that she had finished her hmewrk already.
3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth ges rund the sun.
定语从句
一、定义
在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词
先行词指人 wh /that
先行词指物 which/ that
定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后
三、关系代词
关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词
四、翻译方法 “…. 的”
Whm: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与wh的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whm
1. This is the teacher whmwh we like best.
2. I dn’t like the by t whm yu are talking.
Whse : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的”
eg: Harry is the by whse mther is ur math teacher.
关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况：
1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：
This is the first gift that my parents bught me.
2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：
This is the mst exciting film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词是不定代词smething, anything等时.
e.g. Is there anything that yu want in this shp
4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.
e.g. He talked abut sme writers and bks that were unknwn t us all.
5. 先行词被all , little , the nly , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that
e.g. This is the last place that I want t visit.
6. 特殊疑问句以wh 或which 开头，只能用that引导.
Wh is the girl that is making a speech n the platfrm?
当关系代词前使用介词时：
物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whm
当关系代词前使用介词时：
e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went t Beijing.
2. This is the teacher t whm my mther is talking.
状语从句
一、 定义
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
二、状语从句一般分为八大类
时间状语从句 地点状语从句
原因状语从句 目的状语从句
结果状语从句 条件状语从句
方式状语从句 让步状语从句
1. 时间状语从句
When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I pened the windw, I saw him cme up.
When--- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be abut t 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。
I was walking alng the street , when I met him.
When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。
Smene kncked at the dr when I was having breakfast.
When=after
When the children had gne t bed, she began t prepare her lessns.
While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.
While---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。
We are cleaning the classrm while they are playing the ftball.
As --- 一边……一边, 随着
She was ding her hmewrk as she was listening t the music.
As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。
As I was ging ut, it began t rain.
The mment--- 一……就…… =as sn as , immediately,
---Did yu remember t give Mary the mney yu wed her?
---Yes, I gave her the mment I saw her.
Nt… until--- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the ffice until he finished the wrk.
Befre--- 在……之前
The passengers shuld arrive at the airprt an hur befre the flight departs.
After --- 在…… 之后
The custmer left the ticket cunter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
Since---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时
I have never been there again since I graduated frm the university.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
As sn as--- 一……就……
Jack went t schl as sn as he gt well.
N sner than --- 一……就……
n sner… than… 用于句首要求倒装
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when…
N sner had he arrived than he went away again.
Once--- 一但……就……
Once yu see him, yu will never frget him.
Every time, each time每次 whenever每当
Each time he came t twn, he wuld visit ur schl.
2. 条件状语从句
引导状语从句的连接词有：
If如果, unless除非, as lng as只要, As (s) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, prvided that假如, n cnditin that若是，以…为条件
If ---如果
If yu dn’t hurry up, yu will miss the plane.
Unless--- 如果不, 除非=if nt
We can’t get there n time unless we bk the earliest flight
As lng as --- 只要
We will succeed as lng as we keep n trying.
As (s) far as --- 据……所知
As far as I knw, he speaks English very well.
In case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannt take ff in case it rains.
Prvided that 如果,有时省略 that
The plane will be in gd cnditin prvided that it is taken care f carefully.
On cnditin that--- 条件是…
He said that he wuld cme t the meeting n cnditin that n ne asked him t speak.
注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tmrrw, I will be waiting fr him at the airprt.
3. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever
Where--- 在……地方
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever--- 无论哪里
Wherever yu are, I will be right there waiting fr yu.
4. 原因状语从句
because, as, since, nw that, 和cnsidering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.
Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.
Mr Smith was very upset because he culdn’t find his luggage.
As --- 因为, 通常放在句首
As he is hnest and mdest, all his friends like him.
Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)
Since everybdy has cme, we can set ff.
Nw that --- 既然
Nw that yu are here, yu can jin us.
cnsidering that --- 顾及到
Cnsidering that they are just beginners, they are ding quite a gd jb.
seeing that --- 由于
Seeing (that) quite a few peple were absent, we decided t put the meeting ff.
5. 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, s that, s…that…
such…that S… that--- 太……以至于 s 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略s只用that
Being 747 is s large that peple like t call it jet bmb喷气炸弹.
S that--- 因而，以便，为了 有时s 可以省去
Speak luder please s that the peple at the back can hear yu.
Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与s…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。
The freign visitr was such a fast speaker that nbdy culd understand him.
6. 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, s that, in rder that, fr fear that, lest
(S) that--- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, culd, may, might, shuld等
Let’s take the frnt seats (s) that we may see mre clearly.
in rder that--- 为了, 与s that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, culd, may, might, shuld等
Schl was clsed early in rder that the children might g hme ahead f the strm.
fr fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)
He tk the name dwn fr fear that he shuld frget it.
in case --- 万一
Yu shuld bring a dictinary in case yu need it.
Lest --- 以防万一
The man decided t tell his bss the fact lest he wuld be angry with him.
7. 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：Althugh, thugh, as, even if, even thugh, n matter, hwever, whatever, while, whether.
Althugh, thugh ---虽然 althugh 和thugh 可以互换，但althugh 常放在句首。Thugh可以用于倒装。
Althugh it was raining, the plane managed t take ff.
Thugh he did his best, he didn’t succeed.
As--- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与thugh 互换。
Busy as he is, he never misses a ftball match.
Even if /even thugh---即使
Even if yu dn’t like yur bss, yu shuld d yur wrk.
Hwever--- 不论， hwever 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装
He culdn’t get there n time hwever fast he drve.
N matter (what, when, where, hw)---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）
He wuldn’t frgive me n matter hw hard I begged him.
Whatever --- 不管
Whatever ther peple may say, she wn’t change her mind.
While ---尽管
While I have sympathy fr yu, I can’t help yu.
Whether---不管，常与r nt 连用
Whether he is gd r nt, the cmpany decided t send him abrad.
8. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as thugh
as ---与…… 一样
D in Rme as the Rmans d.
as if, as thugh --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as thugh引导的从句中可用虚拟语气
She std at the dr as if (=as thugh) she were waiting fr smene.