人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration教案设计

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration教案设计，共4页。教案主要包含了不定式作定语，不定式作状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
动词不定式做定语和状语（导学案）
This teaching perid mainly deals with grammar “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive. T begin with, teachers shuld lead students t revise what they have learned abut this grammar by analyzing the sentence patterns in the text and sme simple sentences. And then, teachers mve n t stress mre special cases cncerning this grammar。
This perid carries cnsiderable significance t the cultivatin f students’ writing cmpetence and lays a slid fundatin fr the basic appreciatin f language beauty. The teacher is expected t enable students t master this perid thrughly and cnslidate the knwledge by ding sme exercises.
1. Guide students t review the basic usages f “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
2. Lead students t learn t use sme special cases cncerning the P“the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
3. Enable students t use the basic phrases structures flexibly.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
Help students t appreciate the functin f “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
2. Instruct students t write essays using the prper “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。
指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分
1．Can yu find a prper persn t finish this jb in time？
2．D yu have anything t be taken there?
3．I hurried t his huse, nly t find him ut.
4．He's ld enugh t make a trip alne.
5．D yu have anything t d tnight?
6．In his third year, he left Harvard t wrk fr a cmpany called Micrsft.
答案：1.定语 2.定语 3.状语 4.状语 5.定语 6.状语

一、不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lt f wrk t d.
我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)
He is the first persn t think f the idea.
他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系)
I have n time t g there.
我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系)
He has gt a chance t g abrad.
他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)
(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。
I am lking fr a rm t live in.
我正在找一间屋子住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
Have yu anything t send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式t send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have yu anything t be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式t be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
2．不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。
I brrwed sme bks t read during my hliday.
我借了一些我假期要读的书。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the nly等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way等。
And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
(2)单句写作
①突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。
Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her, but she culdn't find any paper ______________.
②她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
She was the first wman ____________ the gld medal in the Olympic Games.
【答案】：①t write n ②t win
二、不定式作状语
1．结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：nly t d; enugh t d (足够做……); t ... t ... (太……而不能……); s/such ... as t ... (如此……以至于……)。
He hurried t the railway statin, nly t find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
He was s tired as t be unable t walk.
＝He was t tired t walk.
他累得走不动了．
【点津】 现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。
It hasn't rained fr a mnth, making the crps hard t grw.
一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。
2．目的状语
不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：nly t (仅仅为了); in rder t; s ... as t; s (such) ... as t ... (如此……以便……)
He ran s fast as t catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I cme here nly t say gd­bye t yu.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
【点津】 1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 fr ＋名词或宾格代词作状语。
He pened the dr fr the children t cme in.
他开门让孩子们进来。
目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：
1当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。
We'll start early in rder that/s that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in rder t/s as t arrive in time.
2当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
I came early in rder that yu might read my reprt befre the meeting.
→I came early in rder fr yu t read my reprt befre the meeting.