【通用版】中考 初中英语 专题14 主谓一致和倒装句 PPT课件

这是一份【通用版】中考 初中英语 专题14 主谓一致和倒装句 PPT课件，共54页。PPT课件主要包含了主谓一致，单则单复则复，就近原则，特殊用法，温故知新等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Bb _____ a wrker.
Mike and Bb _____ wrkers.
Bth Mike and Bb ____wrkers.
Neither Mike nr Bb ___a teacher.
All f them_____ wrkers.
Fill in the blanks with “be”:
Let’s think and d.
Can yu find ut the rule between subjects and verbs?
英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致——
例如: 　He ften helps me learn English.　　　 　　My friends ften help me learn English.　　
主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致。　
1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
T be,r nt t be—that is a questin.T see is t believe.Reading alud is helpful t learn English. What he said has been recrded .　
2、不定代词作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数. Neither f my sisters likes sprts .　　 Every by and girl shws great interest in this bk .
3、专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.One Thusand And One Nights tells peple lts f interesting stries . 　　 　　
4、 a kind f, the number f等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数. 　The number f wrkers in the factry is 400.　　　 A kind f rse in the garden smells very pleasant.　　
5、由sme, several, bth, few, many, a number f 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数.另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数.On the seashre, sme peple are playing vlleyball. Bth f us are fnd f watching ftball games.A number f will-be graduates are vluntarily ging t wrk in the West f China. 　
6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式.如:a lt f, mst f, any f, half f , three fifths f, eighty percent f, sme f, nne f, the rest f , all f等A lt f mney in the shp was stlen yesterday. A lt f students are frm England in the schl.
二、意义一致 　　 这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。 　
1) 当主语后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,mre than,n less than, rather than, tgether with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。The teacher, with all his students, is ging t have a picnic this weekend. The students, tgether with their teacher , are ging t have a picnic this weekend.　　 　　
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语: 　The students are ging t have a picnic this weekend tgether with their teacher. 　　 　　
2) 表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Eight hurs f sleep is enugh. Twenty years stands fr a lng perid in ne's life.
3) 形容词前加定冠词即"the + 形容词"作主语时, 其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数; 指一类人则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数.如: The sick here are very well cared fr. The true is t be distinguished frm the false.
4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The writer and teacher is cming. The writer and the teacher are cming.
5)集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义。 这类集体名词常见的有:army, class, club, crwd, family, gvernment, grup, peple, plice, public, team等.如： The family are all fnd f ftball. The family is the tiniest cell f the sciety.
6)一些形式为复数,意思为单数的名词,如:trusers, pants, 　 shrts,glasses, 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数. 如:Her glasses are new. 　但当这类名词前有a pair f 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数.如: This pair f trusers is made in Hangzhu.
三、就近原则 这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致，常出现在这类句子中的连词有:r, either… r …, neither… nr … ,nt nly… but als …等. 例如: Either I r they are respnsible fr the result f the matter. 　　Neither his family nr he knws anything abut it. 　　
1. The ld_____ taken gd care f in this cuntry. A. am B. is C. are D. was
2. Nbdy but Sam and Jhn ______ in the rm. A. are B. had been C. were D. is
3. My family _____ having supper when suddenly the bell rang. A. is B. was C. are D. were
4. Swimming in the pl with friends _____ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are
5. A number f children _____ fr the teacher t cme nw. A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits D. waited
6. Tw hurs _____ nt lng enugh fr this test. A. has B. is C. are D. have
7. Tw thirds f water___ frm the Yellw River. A. are B. cme C. were D. cmes
8.Neither he nr I____ frm Canada. We are frm Austraila. A. is B. am C. are D. be
9. Nt nly Tm but als Alice and Mary _____ busy. A. has B. have C. is D. are
10. The news _____ exciting. We gt excited at it. A. is B. are C. was D. were
11.Bth Li Lei and Han Meimei ___ fnd f the TV prgram A Bite f China. A. is B. am C. was D. are
12.David,there _____ a dictinary and sme bks n yur desk. Please put them away. OK,mum. I’ll d it right away. A. is B. are C. has D. have
13.Rbert with his tw kids _____ t the beach fr vacatin every year. A. g B. ges C. went D. are ging
14.Either Mary r he _____ ging t Paris. Only ne persn may g there. A. are B. is C. was D. were
Gd mrning ! My name Shuai liha .I three years ld nw. There 3 peple in my family . My father tall . My mther (have) lng black hair . Bth f them teachers. And I am a gd child. I ften (get)up early. My hbbies listening t children’s sng, watching cartns ,eating cakes and s n . I (like) eating cakes best. This me. An active by . D yu lve me? Thank yu very much ! Bye!
1.倒装是指为了强调某种成分而进行的主语和谓语的倒装。2.倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。3.全部倒装是指把所有的谓语动词放到主语之前。4.部分倒装是指把部分的谓语动词提到主语之前。
be动词，情态动词，助动词，have/has
1.here，there，nw, then等放在句首时。eg. Here cmes the bus. There went the bell. Then came the chairman.2.表示运动方向的副词（up/dwn/in/ut/away...）放在句首时。eg. Out rushed the by. Away went the yung man. Dwn jumped the cat.
3.表示方位的介词或介词短语放在句首时。eg. On the tp f the muntain stands a schl. In the frest lies a lake. In the river lived a special type f fish.注：当句子主语是人称代词时不倒装。eg. Away he went. Out he rushed.
1.little, few, n, nt, hardly, seldm, never 等否定或半否定的词放在句首。eg. I will never frget the experience. Never will I frget the 放在句首时。eg. I realized the truth nly then. Only then did I realize the truth. I recgnized him nly when my friend tld me. Only when my friend tld me did I recgnize him.
3, s / neither / nr 放在句首表示相同的情况时。s表示“也是”neither / nr表示“也不”。eg. Tm has ever been t the Great Wall. --- S have I . (我也是) I dn't knw the answer. ---Neither / Nr des he.(他也不知道)
注：若表示对所说内容表示肯定的情况时，则不需要倒装。He will be late again. S he will.He is really hard-wrking. S he is.She never smiles in public. Neither des he.
若表示相同的情况超过一项时用：It is the same He wrked hard and wn many prizes. It is the same with Linda. I am very tired and want t g hme nw. It's the same with my friends.
4.否定词放句首，但无否定意义的词放在句首。如： nt nly... but als... 不仅...而且 nt until... 直到...才 hardly when... 一...就... n sner than... 一...就 Nt nly did he knw the truth but als he tld everyne what he knew. Nt until it was 10pm did his mther g t bed.
注：nly / nt until 等倒装应倒装主句。 eg. Only when he went ut did he find the secret f nature. Nt until he came back did his mther g t bed.
1.as 放在句首表“尽管”时。 Child as he is, he knws a lt. Hard as she tried, she never gt gd grades.
that... / such... that...放在句首时。eg. S angry was he that he had a fight with the man. Such a success was the display that the cmpany made a lt f mney frm it.
The by ___ ___in the sea.
They ____ in the sea.
Bth Jack and Tim ___ diving.
Finish the fllwing exercises: (swim)
谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。
主语为单数 谓单 He ____(like)learning English.It _____(take)her 2 hurs t finish her hmewrk.主语为复数 谓复They____(be)lking frward t visiting the museum.Tm and Lily ____(g)t schl tgether.
(一)单则单，复则复1、当主语是：
be---is行为动词变三单
be---are行为动词用原形
注意：1.由连接词and或bth … and连接起来的两个并列主语,要用谓语动词的复数形式。如:Lucy and Lily twins. Bth she and he students.
2、trusers, glasses, clthes, shes等复数形式的词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair f等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses brken. The pair f shes under the bed his.
Jim is a schlby.He is twelve years ld.He__(be)in Class 4.He always __(get)up early and he ften___(g)t schl by bike.He __(like)English,Maths and sme ther subjects.He enjys ___(sing)and dancing.But nw he__(have)an English class.Lk!Sme f the students ___(read)bks and sme f the students ___(write) the new wrds.They are wrking hard.
But tmrrw is Saterday.They____(nt have)any lessns.He and his classmates ___(play)ftball tmrrw afternn.They ____(check)emails tmrrw.They _____(watch)TV tmrrw evening.I think they'll have a gd time.
there be 与 nt alsThere ___(be)a bk and tw pencils n the desk.Nt nly him but als I___(enjy)ding sprts.
一谓语动词用单数1.当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量、书名等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Tw years is quite a lng time. Ten dllars is enugh.2.加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。例如：Frty-ne and fifty-nine is ne hundred.
3.不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 ___ anyne here?4.以s结尾但表单数意义的单词做主语，谓语动词用单数。如 news（消息、新闻） maths（数学） wrks（著作）等I think this news ___(be)very d/ding 做主语，谓语动词用单数。T walk/Walking in the cuntry rad ___a funny thing.
1.Nthing ________ （be）difficult in the wrld if yu set yur mind t it .
不定代词everybdy everyne everything anyne anybdy anything smene smebdy smething nbdy n ne nthing each the ther 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.
2. Everything ready. (be)
3. Smene t see yu. (want)
6.the+可单 表一类事物时，谓语动词用单数。 The tiger ____(live)in Asia,and mnkeys _____(live)there t.
7.由each, every, n所修饰的名词，即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g. Each by and each girl ____ very hard. A.studies    B. study   C. studys   D. are studying
1. with结构做主语，只看with前面的e.g. 1.Tm with his friends ____(want) t play ftball after ___(be)a small garden(花园) with many beautiful flwers.
2.由数字+数量名词+f +物质名词结构做主语时，谓语动词看f前面的。e.g. There ___tw pairs f shes n the flr. A. are    B. is    C. have   D. has
1.lts f/a lt f +名词做主语，要看后面的名词。e.g. 1.There __(be)lts f milk n the ___(be)a lt f students in the playgrund.
2、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There the bus.(cme) On the wall many pictures. Such the result.
1．One r tw days ____ enugh t see the city． A．is B．are C．am D．be2．Neither my wife nr I myself ____ able t persuade my daughter t change her mind． A．is B．are C．am D．be
3．Nt nly I but als Jane and Mary ____ tired f having ne examinatin after anther． A．is B．are C．am D．be4．Nt nly the teacher，but als the students ____ lking frward t seeing the film． A．is B．are C．am D．be
5．Nbdy but Betty and Mary ____ late fr class yesterday． A．is B．are C．am D．be6．A wman with sme children ____ sn． A．is cming B．are cming C．has cme D．have cme
巩固练习1. A wman with a baby______ cming here.　　A. is B. are 2. The girls with the bys ______learned t drive a car.　　A. has B. have 3. Whenever anything_______, please stay here quietly.　　A. happens B. happen 4. Each man and each wman _____ the stry.　　A. believe B. believes5. One and a half years_____ already passed. A.    has B. have 6. Twelve cups f water ______in the bx.　　A. is B. are