2023北京四中高三保温卷英语（教师版）

这是一份2023北京四中高三保温卷英语（教师版），共15页。试卷主要包含了5 分，共15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（试卷满分为 100 分，考试时间为 90 分钟）
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jake and Max Klein are twin brthers wh have a passin fr vlunteering. Their family have always dne cmmunity 1 . At a very yung age, they bth chse t 2 family’s gifts at their birthday parties, but asked them t dnate mney t a charity. When they were seven, Jake and Max were interested in vlunteering with a family friend at the lcal hmeless shelter t help ck. 3 , he turned them dwn because they were t yung and they had t be furteen t ck. This led them n an endless 4 t cme up with a way t help ther kids wh were als facing a similar challenge: wanting t help but 5 because f their age.
S, Kids That D Gd was 6 t shw ways t kids r adults, at any age, they culd jin the cmmunity and make a 7 . The small prject has grwn int a large website that brings thusands f 8 visitrs each year. Jake and Max say that their website brings 35,000 unique viewers, f whm, Kids That D Gd has 9 kids t 16,000 rganizatins.
Jake and Max are 10 with schl and after-class activities and ther cmmunity service prmises. Kids That D Gd als has blg psts that advise kids n building their wn charitable event.
1. A. surveys B. services C. duties D. businesses
2. A. srt ut B. play with C. give up D. put away
3. A. Unfrtunately B. Happily C. Hnestly D. Gratefully
4. A. task B. ability C. chance D. determinatin
5. A. jked B. blamed C. denied D. praised
6. A. advised B. allwed C. named D. created
7. A. judgment B. difference C. cmment D. decisin
8. A. pleased B. satisfied C. amazed D. interested
9. A. cnnected B. expsed C. cntributed D. applied
10. A. familiar B. patient C. busy D. cntent
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The prtectin f the Yellw River is ne f the tp cncerns fr Chinese leadership. In the past tw decades, the Chinese gvernment 11 (strengthen) the prtectin f wetlands alng the Yellw River, 12 (make) varius wild birds gather in this area. The rising number f wild birds has brught a benefit fr birdwatchers, wh are very thankful fr 13 the gvernment has dne fr the peple. Further effrts will be made t bring mre beautiful envirnment t the Yellw River.
B
One evening I was ging back frm a supermarket. As I apprached my car, I nticed ne persn 14 seemed a bum (流浪汉) standing beside me. I expected that he wuld ask me 15 sme mney, s I asked him if he needed help and his respnse was “Dn’t we all?” I have never heard wrds 16 (astnishing) than thse. Althugh I had mney and a place 17 (sleep) in, I recgnized that I needed help t. It was a true discvery t me.
C
China plans t cmplete the cnstructin f a space statin and have it put int peratin arund 2022, said Zhu Jianping, the chief designer f China’s manned space prgram, at a frum (论坛) 18 (hld) in Guangdng Prvince. The space statin was designed t weigh 100 tnnes and accmmdate three astrnauts. The main gal f the cnstructin f the space statin 19 (be) t enable China t carry ut lng-term manned scientific 20 (experiment) in near-Earth space. The space statin will be built as China’s main platfrm fr space science research.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；共38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
A
Get invlved with ur research
Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu. Whether it’s using yur hme PC, taking part in a clinical trial, r simply vlunteering yur time fr a study, yu may be able t cntribute t sme f the grund-breaking prjects which make the University f Oxfrd a wrld leader in research. Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.
Seeking pr sleepers fr insmnia research
Truble sleeping? Researchers frm the Sleep & Circadian Neurscience Institute are evaluating different interventins aimed at imprving sleep. We are lking fr pr sleepers between the ages f 18 and 65. Participatin will invlve spending vernights in the sleep labratry at Oxfrd, mnitring yur sleep/wake cycle, and cmpleting cmputerised tasks. If yu are interested, please cntact the research team at insmnia@
Vlunteers with lazy eye wanted
We are lking fr vlunteers with a histry f lazy eye t take part in ur brain scanning study. We are lking fr healthy vlunteers aged 18-45 with a histry f lazy eye. Yu will als be asked questins abut yur medical histry t check yur suitability fr an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 fr mre infrmatin.
Oxfrd Vaccine Grup
The Oxfrd Vaccine Grup is an independent multi-disciplinary (多学科的)clinical trials grup. OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, enhancing the understanding f immunity and studying the epidemilgy f infectius diseases. T get mre infrmatin, please see the OVG website.
Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences
The Oxfrd Internet Institute, tgether with the Business Schl, is recruiting individuals t participate in cmputer-based experiments invlving nline surfing behavir as well as ecnmic and plitical decisin-making. We pay ur subjects well, there are n special skills required and yu dn’t have t cme t the lab in persn Cntact us at scialscience.study @ fr mre infrmatin.
21. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T ffer medical help t patients.
B. T lk fr experienced researchers.
C. T intrduce new research prgrams.
D. T recruit vlunteers fr research prjects.
22. The gal f OVG is t________.
A. carry ut clinical trials B. prduce better vaccines
C. learn mre abut infectin D. study the causes f diseases
23. Yu can finish the experiment n yur hme PC if yu jin________.
A. Oxfrd Vaccine Grup B. Insmnia research grup
C. Oxfrd Experimental lab D. Brain Scanning study grup
B
My daughter was being thrwn ut f the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may nt be up t what we’re trying t accmplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I gt mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had knwn I was smart when I was failing in schl. We had her tested. I decided t get myself tested as well, and fund that the trubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia. By then I was a successful televisin writer, and had wn an Emmy Award fr “The Rckfrd Files.”
If I had knwn earlier that smething beynd my cntrl culd explain why I was a lw achiever, I may nt have wrked s hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was wrking fr n ther reasn than t hear peple praise me, because I did badly in all my curses.
I nce asked a friend wh had always gtten an A, “Hw lng did yu study fr this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” S he must be smarter. I began t ask, “What will happen t me when I’m nt gd at anything?” Despite my dubts, I did becme successful, and peple nw say t me, “S yu’ve vercme dyslexia.”
N. Yu dn’t vercme it, yu learn t cmpensate fr it. Sme easy things are very hard fr me. Mst peple wh g thrugh cllege read twice as fast as I d. I avid dialing a phne if I can, because I smetimes have t try three times t get the number right.
Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, nt a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are gd at right-brain, abstract thught, and that’s what my kind f creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up t 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
The real fear I have fr dyslexic children is nt they have t struggle in schl, but that they will quit n themselves befre they get ut f schl. Parents have t create victries fr them, whether it’s music, sprts r art. Yu can make yur dyslexic child able t say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have ther things I can d.”
24. The writer decided t get himself tested as well because he________.
A. wanted t knw if they had the same prblem
B. didn’t believe his daughter had the prblem
C. had t take a regular medical examinatin
D. accepted that his daughter was nt smart
25. We can learn frm the secnd paragraph that the writer________.
A. struggled and gt better grades
B. didn’t wrk hard when he was yung
C. was praised fr vercming dyslexia
D. was thankful fr nt knwing f dyslexia earlier
26. Accrding t the passage, a dyslexic persn________.
A. is less intelligent
B. always fails in schl
C. reads mre slwly than nrmal peple
D. perfrms wrse in left-brain activities
27. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Clumsy birds have t start flying early.
B. Gd shuts ne dr but pens anther.
C. Never judge a persn by his appearance.
D. N ne can make a gd cat with bad clth.
C
Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lwer bdies f the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) crd injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal crd was able t send electrical signals t the muscles t permit them t stand, walk and exercise.
Scientists have discvered that neurns—which receive and send signals fr muscle mvements—ften still wrk in injured patients with serius spinal crd injuries. Hwever, past research int spinal crd injuries has centered n the stimulatin f neurns. Nw in the latest experiment led by Gregire Curtine and Jcelyne Blch f the Swiss Federal Institute f Technlgy in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed t cpy an actin f the brain, in which it sends signals t the spinal crd that result in muscle mvement. When the spinal crd receives the brain signals, it stimulates a cllectin f nerve cells that can activate different muscles.
The researchers reprted that all three patients wh gt the spinal crd implants were able t take their first steps within an hur after receiving them. Over the next six mnths, the patients regained the ability t take part in mre advanced walking activities, the study fund. They were als able t ride bicycles and swim in cmmunity settings.
Unlike ther attempts t help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves thrugh the back f the spine, Curtine said that his team redesigned the devices s signals wuld enter the spine frm the sides. This methd permits mre direct targeting and activatin f spinal crd areas, he said.
The team then develped artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked t the device. The AI cntrls electrdes n the device t send signals t stimulate individual nerves that cntrl muscles needed fr walking and ther activities. Hwever, because the patients’ muscles were weak frm nt being used, they needed help with supprting their weight, the researchers said. It als tk sme time fr them t learn t wrk with the technlgy. Still, Blch said, “The mre they train, the mre they start lifting their muscles, the mre fluid it becmes.”
28. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
A. Curtine and Blch have fund that neurns in paralyzed patients still wrk.
B. The new electrical device can imitate the brain t send signals t the spinal crd.
C. Three paralyzed men recvered with the help f a new electrical device.
D. Stimulating the neurns is the fcus f the latest research int spinal crd injuries.
29. Hw des the new device stimulate the spinal crd areas mre directly?
A. By stimulating nerves thrugh the back f the spine.
B. By using the AI system.
C. By making signals enter the spine frm the sides.
D. By sending the signals t the brain.
30. Which can best describe Blch’s idea in the last paragraph?
A. Every garden has its weeds. B. Put the cart (运货马车) befre the hrse.
C. It’s hard t please all. D. Practice makes perfect.
31. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T reprt the cnsequence f spinal crd injuries.
B. T intrduce the findings f a recent research.
C. T cmpare a recent research with ther previus researches.
D. T recmmend a treatment fr paralyzed patients.
D
The term “labr shrtage” was Ggled mre in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bnuses that seem t make it a jb hunter’s market.
The cncept sunds simple — American cmpanies must be struggling t find the emplyees they need. Yet sme labr ecnmists wuld argue the picture isn’t cmplete.
Emplyers are unable t find the wrkers they want at the wages they’re willing t pay. Failing t appreciate this distinctin culd lead t plicy errrs dwn the rad.
The laws f supply and demand shuld make sptting labr shrtages relatively straightfrward. When there aren’t enugh wrkers, emplyers pay mre t get them and wages g up.
Yet quickening wage grwth isn’t the nly mark f a shrtage. The sign is seeing this trend alngside stalling (停滞) jb grwth. Just lk at what’s been happening in the leisure and htel industry, amng the mst bruised by the COVID-19 shutdwn. After jbs almst disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting t see a rebund: In May, the industry created 292,000 jbs, far utpacing ther crners f the ecnmy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In ther wrds, the market is wrking t reslve a shrtage: When emplyers lift wages, they’re able t attract the emplyees they need. Yet, the industry wages are nly just meeting pre-COVID levels; they are nt t high.
T assess a shrtage accurately, thugh, yu need t lk beynd industries t specific lcatins and ccupatins. The taxicab queuing mdel was used t address the debate abut a shrtage f wrkers in engineering. Emplyers and jb penings can be thught f as taxis, while wrkers are a line f waiting passengers. Depending n yur lcatin, there may be a lng line f taxis (say, at the airprt), r n the cntrary a lng line f passengers (at a htel). Demand fr chemistry engineers in Texas, fr example, is different frm chemistry engineers in Massachusetts.
The bttm line is that, in the market, shrtages are nt universal. Simultaneus shrtages and surpluses can cme t the frce acrss the ecnmy at any given pint, which is why brad-brush plicies can be cunterprductive.
32. What des May’s rebund jbs in the leisure and htel industry tell us?
A. The leisure and htel industry is ding a very successful business.
B. Rapid wage grwth cnnects with stalling emplyment grwth.
C. The ecnmy recvered quickly after the COVID-19.
D. Emplyees are eager t wrk after the COVID-19.
33. Why des the authr mentin “The taxicab queuing mdel” in paragraph 5?
A. T explain an pinin. B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact. D. T make a predictin.
34. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Jb market is expected t be strnger
B. Take wisdm t assess labr shrtages
C. Cmpetitrs are eager t keep talent
D. Let the market fix labr shrtages
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak yu have!
Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help t make the effects f a warmer wrld less harmful. 35 In a paper published in Trends & Evlutin, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shws that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bdies f many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. 36
All that is perfectly cnsistent with evlutinary thery. “Allen’s rule”, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded animals in ht places tend t have larger bdy parts than thse in temperate (温带的) regins. 37 Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.
Ms. Ryding is nt the first researcher t take that apprach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, t prve that climate change was the cause f an anatmical (解剖学的) changes. All srts f ther factrs, frm changes in prey t the evlving reprductive preferences f males r females, might have been driving the changes. 38 The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. Since they have little in cmmn apart frm living n a warming planet, climate change is the mst reasnable explanatin.
39 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, fr instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cst mre energy t grw.
A. Hwever, lking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B. Fr nw, at least, the increase is small, never much mre than 10%.
C. Animals will have t rely n changing their bdies r their behavirs.
D. It seems that the future wrld is ging t be htter than humans are used t.
E. Therefre, the negative effects f a warmer wrld are visible in these animals’ bdies.
F. Such adaptatins bst an animal’s surface area relative t its bdy, helping it t release extra heat.
G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species f mice and bats evlving bigger ears, legs and wings.
第三部分：书面表达（共三节，共 32 分）
第一节 阅读表达（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard t define but imprtant t pssess. Sir Andrew Likierman f the Lndn Business Schl suggests that judgment is “the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment invlves a prcess—taking in infrmatin, deciding whm and what t trust, summarizing ne’s persnal knwledge, checking any prir beliefs r feelings, summarizing the chices available and then making the decisin.
Expert knwledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are nt the same thing. “Academics have expert knwledge,” Sir Andrew bserves. “They dn’t necessarily have judgment.” Peple with judgment knw when they are ut f their depth in making a decisin and typically then seek the advice f smene wh has the right backgrund and knwledge. “While gd judgment is imprtant t success,” Sir Andrew cautins, “success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.”
The degree f judgment required tends t increase as peple take n mre respnsibility. Thse with rutine tasks generally have limited scpe fr judgment. Line supervisrs have sme discretin (自行决定权). Fr a chief executive, the prprtin f decisins invlving judgment is high. Deciding nt t take actin is als a judgment with ptentially serius cnsequences (fr example, “I wn’t get vaccinated” r “I wn’t pay my bills”). The wrld is full f peple whse lack f judgment brught their careers r persnal life crashing dwn. Many made the cmmn mistake f assuming everything was fine.
Thugh artificial intelligence gets used fr mre and mre rutine tasks in the service sectr, exercising judgment may be ne area where humans retain an edge ver machines. This is far frm certain, hwever. With enugh practice, machines may be able t recgnize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent f gd judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, t. In the lng run, ne f the trickiest aspects f human judgment may be knwing precisely when t let machines take decisins and when t leave it t peple.
40. What’s Sir Andrew’s definitin f judgement?
41. Why aren’t expert knwledge and making judgments the same thing?
42. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
 Althugh artificial intelligence is widely used fr rutine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
43. D yu agree that humans “retain an edge ver machines” in terms f making judgements? Why r why nt? ( In abut 40 wrds)
第二节 应用文写作（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.对大学生活和学习的准备；
2.进行这些准备的理由。
注意: 1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
完形：
1-5 BCAAC 6-10 DBDAC
语法：
11. has strengthened 12. making 13. what
14. wh/that 15. fr 16. mre astnishing
17. t sleep 18. held 19. is
20. experiments
阅读：
21-23 DBC 24-27 ADCB 28-31 BCDB 32-34 BAD 35-39 CGFAB 阅表：
40. He defines judgment as the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins.
或者：The cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins.
41. Because sme peple may have expert knwledge, but they dn’t necessarily have judgment.
42. Althugh artificial intelligence is widely used fr rutine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
Accrding t the passage, with enugh practice, machines may be able t recgnize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent f gd judgment.
43. Yes. Fr ne thing, humans pssess cmmn sense and intuitin, which allws them t make judgments based n their prir experiences and knwledge f the wrld; fr anther, humans pssess emtinal intelligence, which allws them t recgnize and understand emtins in themselves and thers, allwing them t make better judgements. (51 wrds)
作文：Pssible versins:
Dear Jim,
I wuld very much like t share my hliday plans with yu. Last week, yu asked abut hw I was preparing fr my future cllege life. Nw, I’d like t tell yu.
As fr my future life at university, I’ve decided t take gardening as my majr and hpe t be admitted t China Agricultural University. Because I’m very interested in planting flwers and have been taught by my mther hw t take care f them, I want t learn mre in the future. This vacatin, I plan t read sme bks abut btany t equip myself with mre knwledge. I will als wrk in Beijing Btanical Garden as a vlunteer t learn abut landscape architecture. All f these preparatins will definitely enrich my hrticulture experience, which will make my cllege studies much mre enjyable.
I wnder what yu will d this hliday. Maybe yu’d like t share yur plans with me in the next email. （156 wrds）
Yurs,
Li Hua
往届学生高分作文 (注意：当年写作没有词数上限)
(1)
It’s such a pleasant surprise t receive yur email! I happen t have been making plans fr my summer vacatin, and wuld be happy t share them with yu!
There are many things that I intend t d in preparatin fr my cllege life. I wuld use the summer vacatin t take up sme f my ld hbbies and develp new nes, s that I can cntinue t expand my range f talents and interests in cllege.
As fr my study, I am ging t d sme preview n my cllege majr, in case I get verwhelmed by the abundant knwledge f university curses.
I cnsider these preparatins crucial fr a smth transitin int cllege. They make it easier fr me t strive fr excellence in a brand new envirnment, equipping me with necessary skills t adapt t a life f independence, s that I can bring myself t my full ptential and create sme f the best memries f my life ver the next fur years.
What are yur plans fr this special summer? I’d be eager t hear! (180 wrds)
(2)
Hw nice t have received yur letter! Since yu are curius abut hw I will prepare fr my cllege study and schl life after Gaka, I’m mre than delighted t talk abut it.
Firstly, it’s my first pririty t develp my living skills, fr example, managing my persnal belngings. Mrever, I cnsider it a must t fster my cmmunicatin skills. As fr academic preparatins, I’m planning t search fr sme backgrund infrmatin abut my majr t enhance my understanding f it. Als, reading sme reference bks regarding my later study is als f great imprtance.
If yu ask me why I will make preparatins abve, I wuld say that it’s mainly due t the difference between high schl and cllege. In cllege, we are accmpanied n lnger by parents. Therefre, we shuld attach great imprtance t skills that enable us t live independently. Besides, cnsidering the taxing academic burden we might face during ur study in cllege, previus learning turns ut t be a wise slutin.
I’m als curius abut yur preparatin fr cllege life. Hpe t hear frm yu sn! (181 wrds)
完形填空
1. 此处考察名词。根据下文but asked them t dnate mney t a charity 可知他们 一家经常做社区服务。cmmunity service 表示社区服务。
2. 此处考察动词短语。根据后文孩子们要求家人把钱捐给慈善机构可知他们放 弃了自己的生日礼物。give up 表示放弃。
3. 此处考察副词。两个孩子七岁的时候想要当志愿者帮忙却因为年龄小而遭到 拒绝，unfrtunately 表示“不幸的是”。
4. 此处考察名词。前文因为年纪小而被拒绝，这将他们引向了帮助其他面临类似 挑战的孩子的无休止的任务。
5. 此处考察动词。根据上文提示，两个孩子因为年龄小被拒绝，其他孩子也面临 相似的问题所以被拒绝，deny 表示拒绝。
6. 此处考察动词。有了上文孩子们因年龄被志愿者项目拒绝，因此Kids That D Gd 被创造出来。create 表示创造。
7. 此处考察名词。有了这个项目孩子们不分年龄都可以加入社区志愿者活动，有 所作为。make a difference 表示有影响，起作用，扭转乾坤。
8. 此处考察形容词。这个小项目已经发展成为一个大型网站，每年吸引成千上万 有兴趣的访问者。interested 表示感兴趣的。
9. 此处考察动词。网站将孩子们和16000 个组织联系起来了。cnnect t 表示连 接。
10. 此处考察形容词。Jake 和Max 忙于学校、课外活动和其他社区服务承诺。be busy with 短语表示忙于某事。
语法填空
11. 此处考察时态。有典型的时间状语in/ver/during the past/last +一段时间，谓 语动词用现在完成时。
12. 此处考察非谓语动词。本句主谓是the Chinese gvernment has strengthened, 逗号前后无连词，所以用非谓。making 在此处相当于which makes。定语从句的 主动可以换成非谓语动词的ding。
13. 此处介词fr 缺宾语，所以加上the thing，然后定语从句补上that。the thing that=what。或者我们可以翻成政府为人民所作的（事情）。的（事情）=what。 14. 此处考察定语从句。the persn 是先行词，定语从句缺主语，指人所以用wh 或that。
15. 此处考察固定搭配，ask sb fr sth。
16. 此处考察形容词的比较级。有明确的线索than，然后又是多音节，所以用mre astnishing。
17. 此处考察非谓语动词，同时考察have sth t d 固定搭配 have a place t sleep in 类似于have a rm t live in。翻译成用来用t d。
18. 此处考察非谓语动词。中心词是frum，根据本句的时态和意思可以判断已 经举办完了。所以用过完表被动，表完成。
19. 此处考察谓语动词。主语是The main gal，谓语动词用单数，并且这里是强 调客观事实，所以用一般现在时。
20. 此处考察名词的单复数。scientific 是形容词，修饰名词，并且experiment 是 可数名词，所以要用experiments。
阅读理解
21. 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu…yu may be able t cntribute t sme f the grund-breaking prjects which make the University f Oxfrd a wrld leader in research. Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.” 由此可推断文章旨在招 募志愿者加入研究项目。D 项符合文意，故选D 项。
22. 细节理解题。Oxfrd Vaccine Grup 段落中提到“OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, enhancing the understanding f immunity and studying the epidemilgy f infectius diseases.” OVG 的目的在于研发新的疫苗、改进旧的疫苗。预防成人和 儿童传染病。增强人们对免疫的了解以及研究传染病的流行病学。B 项意为“生 产更好的疫苗”，符合文意。故选B 项。
23. 细节理解题。文章最后一部分Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences 中提到“We pay ur subjects well, there are n special skills required and yu dn’t have t cme t the lab in persn”，意为“我们的项目报酬丰厚，不需要特殊的技 能，参与者不需要亲自来实验室就可以参加”。所以加入Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences，在家里的电脑上就可以完成实验。故选C 项。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段的We had her tested. I decided t get myself tested as well, and fund that the trubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia.可知，作者和女儿一起做了检测，发现女儿的确有和作者曾经有的一样 的问题——读写困难。因此推断，作者决定自己也做检查是因为他想要知道是否 他和女儿有同样的问题。故选A。
25. 推理判断题。根据第二段的If I had knwn earlier that smething beynd my cntrl culd explain why I was a lw achiever, I may nt have wrked s hard in my late 20s and early 30s 可知，作者感激没有早知道有读写困难症。故选D。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段的Mst peple wh g thrugh cllege read twice as fast as I d 可知，一个读写困难的人读得比正常人慢。故选C。
27. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段的Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, nt a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are gd at right-brain, abstract thught, and that’s what my kind f creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up t 15 pages
a day. Writing is my strength.以及最后一段的“But I have ther things I can d”, 可 推断，上帝给你关上一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。故选B。A 选项意思 为“笨鸟先飞”，C 选项意为“别以貌取人”，D 选项意为“巧妇难为无米之炊”。 28. 推理判断题。根据第2 段第3 句“three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed t cpy an actin f the brain, in which it sends signals t the spinal crd that result in muscle mvement”可知B 为正确选项，选项中imitate 是 原文中cpy 的同义词替代。
29. 细节理解题。根据第4 段可知，其他方法主要是通过脊柱背部来刺激神经， 而新的设备是使信号通过旁边进入到脊柱内部。所以B 为正确选项。
30. 推理判断题。根据Blch 在文中的最后一句话，“The mre they train, the mre they start lifting their muscles, the mre fluid it becmes.”可得出D 选项“熟能生 巧”。A 选项的意思为“没有不长杂草的园子”，引申为“有利必有弊，人无完人”。
B 选项的意思是“本末倒置”。C 选项的意思是“众口难调”。
31. 主旨大意题。该文章一直在从学术领域的角度，介绍最近一项研究所取得的 成果，人造骨髓植入物有望使瘫患者恢复行走。所以选B 选项。
32. 细节理解题。从第4 段可知：工资的快速增长并不是劳动力短缺的唯一标志。 比如疫情后，五月份的休闲和酒店行业，尽管岗位激增，工资快速提升，主要是 前段时间受 COVID-19 关闭影响的原因。所以该例子是在支撑这段的 tpic sentence，选B。
33. 推理判断题。第5 段第2 句 “The taxicab queuing mdel was used t address the debate abut a shrtage f wrkers in engineering.” 用出租车排队模型主要是解 释在不同的地点，不同的行业可能会存在不同的人员短缺，即劳动力供求关系在 不同行业存在区别。所以选A。
34. 主旨大意题。文章第一段引出“劳动力短缺”话题；第二段讲述一般人和经 济学家对劳动力短缺的不同理解，不同的理解可能会导致今后的政策失误；第三 段讲述在市场中，供求规律应该使发现劳动力短缺相对简单，即当没有足够的工 人时，雇主会支付更多的工资来雇佣工人，工资就会上涨。第四段进行反证，工 资快速上涨并不一定说明劳动力短缺，也存在别的可能性；第五段用出租车排队 模型解释劳动力供求关系在不同行业的不同情况；第六段是总结段，讲述劳动力 短缺和盈余都可能在整个经济中出现，这就是为什么笼统的政策可能适得其反， 必须具体问题具体对待，和第二段主题相呼应。分析得出，文章主要讲述劳动力 短缺最好由市场进行调控，不要制定笼统的政策。选D。
7 选5 答案解析
35. C。文章首段，由人类对于气候变化的适应转入本文主题：动物对于气候变化 的适应则要靠改变自己的身形。挖空后句that is already happening，代词所指一 致，上下文逻辑清晰。
36. G。第二段则通过列举几种鸟类具体身形的变化及类似趋势来具体说明文章 首段提出的内容。
37.F。第三段首句为本段主题句，说明这种动物身形的变化符合进化论。早在1877 年的研究中就发现一些动物为了散热而进行相应的身形变化。挖空进一步说明这 样的适应能够散热的根本原因。
38. A。第四段主要内容为直接断定气候变化为身形变化的致因是不准确的，其它 众多因素也可是促成因素，所以关注更大的样本才能确定这个致因，故有hwever 的逻辑转折。
39. B。本段说明目前这种变化不算太大，尚可控。但是随着全球变换趋势变快， 身形变化也会随之而变，并给动物带来潜在的危害和负担。
阅读表达
41. 答案出原文第二段。要求识别出文段隐性因果关系。
42. 表述出自原文最后一段。根据文意，机器可以在未来做出同样有效的决定。 修改表述直接把原文中相关句子抄写下来即可。
43. 其他认为人类在做决策时优于机器的原因如下：
1 ）Humans have a deep understanding f the brader cntext and can interpret infrmatin within that cntext. Machines, n the ther hand, typically rely n algrithms and predefined rules that may nt capture the full cmplexity f a situatin.
2）Humans are highly creative and adaptable beings. They can generate innvative slutins, think utside the bx, and adapt their judgments based n changing circumstances. Machines typically perate within predefined parameters and algrithms, limiting their ability t generate truly nvel r creative slutins.