2023北京顺义高三（上）期末英语（第一次统练）（教师版）

这是一份2023北京顺义高三（上）期末英语（第一次统练）（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In December 2004, I had just becme a prfessinal phtgrapher and was wrking n a prject abut cmmunities wh live n the sea.
One mrning, I went ut t ___1___ with six fishermen in a small bat. It was abut 8 am, and the sea lked different. The water was ttally still.
20 minutes later, ne fisherman pinted t a small white ___2___ far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. A tsunami(海啸)wave was ___3___ thrugh the cean! We were stuck. I began t feel really ___4___. Then the captain tk cntrl. He tld us where t sit, s we wuld ___5___ the bat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted t picture the scene, but I culdn’t. Any mvement wuld imbalance the bat. Suddenly there was a huge nise. The wave ___6___ the bat, but the incredibly ___7___ captain managed t swerve(使突然转向)us up and nt the wave. We surfed it fr a few secnds. Then the bat glided(滑行)frm the tip f the wave dwn int safe waters. Everyne let ut heavy sighs. The captain had ___8___ us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding f hw ___9___ life can be. The picture I wanted t take n the bat remains “the ne that gt away” - I think every phtgrapher has ne. But mine ____10____ my life.
1. A. seaB. breakfastC. exerciseD. beaches
2. A. shipB. birdC. starD. spt
3. A. squeezingB. swingingC. speedingD. breaking
4. A. puzzledB. scaredC. disappintedD. interested
5. A. abandnB. repairC. bardD. balance
6. A. hitB. destryedC. missedD. verturned
7. A. skilledB. prudC. hpelessD. vilent
8. A. leftB. savedC. crrectedD. cheated
9. A. fairB. happyC. shrtD. psitive
10. A. tkB. shwedC. enteredD. changed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On May 17, a yung girl ____11____(take) a pack f snacks t a self-service cunter at a new cncept cnvenience stre. The cncept stre is part f the “knw yur fd” campaign f the UNICEF, ____12____ aims t empwer peple t make healthy and infrmed chices abut their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she wuld have t climb 70 flrs ____13____(burn) ff the calries. Thugh unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research shws that individuals wh sit all day, even if they g t the gym fr an hur, are at ____14____(great) disease risk than thse wh are mre active during the day. Infrmal activity such as ____15____(walk) is beneficial t verall health. While there is n ____16____(publish) recmmendatin fr “safe” sitting time yet, a gd rule f thumb is t mve fr at least 1 t 2 minutes each hur f sitting.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is nt always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the psitive term fr stress. It ____17____(relate) t well-being and psitive attitudes. Eustress ccurs when the gap between what ne has and what ne wants is ____18____(slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better envirnment fr peple, which ____19____(make) them perfrm better and cst less. Therefre, Eustress is necessary ____20____ achievement.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu a recent graduate? D yu have passin fr helping thers? Are yu lking fr a slid wrk experience in a multicultural envirnment? If s, yu may be interested in the Wrld Bank’s Junir Prfessinal Assciate (JPA) prgram.
The JPA prgram is a unique pprtunity t gain entry-level prfessinal experience and first-hand expsure t the challenges-and rewards-f internatinal develpment. In yur JPA assignment, yu’ll wrk with mre senir wrkmates and prject teams n reducing pverty.
What are we lking fr?
Yu shuld be 28 years f age r yunger. Yur academic achievements are superir. Yur analytical and research skills extend t areas f specializatin such as: ecnmics, finance, human develpment, scial sciences, agriculture, envirnment, etc. An equivalent f a bachelr’s(学士)degree is the minimum.
Yu are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least ne ther bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, r Prtuguese). Yu lve technlgy and integrate it in yur wrk.
What are we ffering yu?
We will prvide yu with the pprtunity t gain entry-level prfessinal experience in a premier develpment institutin, n a tw-year cntract with benefits. Since this prgram is highly cmpetitive, applicants may be asked t submit academic recrds as well as references. The Wrld Bank will cntact nly thse whm hiring managers wish t interview. Psitins may be lcated in any f the Wrld Bank’s ffices acrss the wrld.
Hw t apply?
Interested candidates may apply nline. Please nte that applicatins will be kept active in ur database fr a perid f six mnths. Shuld yu still be interested in JPA prgram after six mnths, yu will need t re-apply.
21. The JPA prgram helps the yung ______.
A. graduate with high hnrs
B. find slid and well-paid jbs
C. get entry-level wrk experience
D. challenge their senir wrkmates
22. What is necessary t be qualified fr the JPA prgram?
A. Age 28 r under.
B. Superb technlgy skills.
C. Having a master’s degree.
D. Fluency in English and Latin.
23. What will the Wrld Bank ffer?
A. A tw-year cntract with welfare.
B. Interviews with general managers.
C. Psitins in applicants’ hmetwns.
D. Analytical and research skills training.
B
Orly Wahba is an educatr, speaker, entrepreneur (企业家), authr and cmmunity activist passinate abut inspiring and mtivating peple t be the best that they can be.
As a yung child, listening repeatedly t the sng, “Heal the Wrld” by Michael Jacksn, Orly knew that she wanted t leave her mark and she wanted mre than anything t bring peple tgether under the name f peace, respect, and lve. Since her teenage years, Orly has wrked extensively with tweens and teens as well as lcal charities in her cmmunity prviding a helping hand fr thse wh need it mst.
Orly began her career in kindness as a middle schl educatr at the Yeshivah f Flatbush in Brklyn, NY, teaching the children t use the pwer they have t influence the wrld fr gd. With 8,000 cards, she started a wave f pay-it-frward kindness. Each card cntained an act f kindness that nce cmpleted, wuld be passed nt anther persn. Her prject succeeded, enhancing the lives f her students and raising their sense f self-wrth as they saw their direct hand in causing a ripple (涟漪) effect. Even nw, peple may encunter Orly giving ut her famed Acts f Kindness Cards n the subway.
Desiring t make a larger impact with her beneficent wrk and after having been inspired by a small sign n a plane labeled “Life Vest Inside”, Orly funded (2011) Life Vest Inside, a nn-prfit rganizatin with a missin t encurage peple t embrace (拥抱) the incredible pwer f giving and recgnize that in times f hardship, kindness, like a life vest, keeps the wrld aflat (漂浮).
LVI sht t natinal attentin when Orly’s shrt film Kindness Bmerang went viral, receiving mre than 100 millin views and cverage in media such as The TODAY Shw, NBC, CBS, ADWEEK, Internatinal Business Times and mre. In 2013 Orly was invited t speak at TED.
The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Thrugh LVI, kind happenings are becming mre frequent. And mre peple are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving f kindness.
24. Hw did the sng “Heal the Wrld” influence Orly?
A. She wanted t becme an entrepreneur.
B. She decided t make a difference t the wrld.
C. She managed t raise mney fr lcal charities.
D. She started t wrk fr a peace rganizatin.
25. The Act f Kindness Cards prject ______.
A. teaches peple t play cards
B. remains a campus campaign
C. uses the pwer f an educatr
D. encurages peple t pass kindness
26. What inspired Orly t establish “Life Vest Inside”?
A. A small sign n a plane.
B. A nn-prfit rganizatin.
C. A life vest in a flight accident.
D. A sudden recgnitin f hardship.
27. What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Mre peple becme addictive t magic.
B. Orly achieves amazing success in film career.
C. Mre peple are inspired t shw kindness t thers.
D. Orly receives internatinal awards fr her cntributin.
C
Fr astrnmers wh are sighted, the Universe is full f visual wnders. Frm shimmering planets t shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But thse wh are visually impaired cannt share that experience. S astrnmers have been develping alternative ways t cnvey(传递)scientific infrmatin.
Recently, the jurnal Nature Astrnmy published the latest in a series f articles n the use f snificatin in astrnmy. Snificatin describes the change f data int digital audi(声音)files, which allws them t be heard, as well as read and seen.
In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualizatin expert and science cmmunicatr at the Center fr Astrphysics and thers transfrmed sme f the first images f the black hle at the centre f the Perseus cluster frm the James Webb Space Telescpe int sund. They wrked under the guidance f peple wh are blind t map the intensity and clurs f light in the headline-grabbing pictures int audi. The snificatin f an image f gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), fr instance, uses lud high-frequency sunds t represent bright light near the tp f the image, but lwer-frequency lud sunds t represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hle snificatin translates data n sund waves travelling thrugh space-created by the black hle’s impact n the ht gas that surrunds it-int the range f human hearing.
Scientists in ther fields have als experimented with data snificatin. Sme have explred whether it can help with discvering Alzheimer’s disease frm brain scans. Sund has even been used t describe eclgical shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan frest, with researchers assigning varius musical instruments t different tree species.
In the lng run, such appraches need t be strictly evaluated t determine what they can ffer that ther techniques cannt. Fr all the technical accuracy displayed in individual prjects, the Nature Astrnmy series pints ut that there are n universally accepted standards fr snifying scientific data, and little published wrk that evaluates its effectiveness.
28. What des the underlined wrd “impaired” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. Appealing.B. Damaged.C. Directed.D. Impressive.
29. The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended t ______.
A. shw the widespread use f snificatin
B. intrduce the cmmn prcess f snificatin
C. prvide peple with the cure fr particular diseases
D. imprve the applicatin f snificatin t mre fields
30. As fr snificatin, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. The use f snificatin helps t analyze data effectively.
B. The standardizatin f snificatin has yet t be achieved.
C. Snificatin can transfrm sme data that ther techniques cannt.
D. Lwer-frequency sunds shw bright light near the tp f the image.
D
Clthes were nce used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed t be re-used, ending their lives as dishclths. Nt tday. Clthing, ftwear and uphlstered furniture are increasingly frequently bught, thrwn away and replaced with new fashins, which are themselves sn abandned and replaced.
‘Fast fashin’ is s called partly because the fashin industry nw releases new lines every week, when histrically this happened fur times a year. Tday, fashin brands(品牌)prduce almst twice the amunt f clthing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, mre than 50 billin clthes are deserted within a year f being made.
The trend is having an astnishing envirnmental impact. Take water. The fashin industry, ne f the wrld’s largest users f water, cnsumes anywhere frm 20 trillin t 200 trillin litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash plyester(聚酯纤维)and ther plymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% f the micrplastics chking the ceans. Added t this are specific chemicals used t make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required t prtect crps such as cttn.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashin industry t wrk harder t embrace mre f what is knwn as the circular ecnmy. That will invlve at least tw things: refcusing n making things that last, and s encuraging reuse; and mre rapidly expanding the technlgies fr sustainable manufacturing(制造)prcesses, especially recycling. There is wrk t be dne fr researchers n imprving and expanding textiles recycling. Mst used textiles g t landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that cllect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separatin f fibres, as well as buttns and zips. Different fibres are nt easy t identify by eye, and verall such manual prcesses are time-cnsuming. Machinery is being develped that can help. Technlgies als exist t recycle used fibres chemically and t create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clthing. But these are nwhere near the scale(规模)needed. Anther challenge fr researchers is t wrk ut hw t get cnsumers and manufacturers t change their behaviur.
Small steps are gd, but big changes are needed. The shameful envirnmental cst f a new cupbard needs t be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.
31. What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut?
A. Clthes shuld be used until they fall apart.
B. Fashin brands are replaced with new nes frequently.
C. Fast fashin leads t a significant increase in fashin waste.
D. Fashin brands prduce twice mre clthing than necessary.
32. Accrding t the authr, what des the circular ecnmy fcus n?
A. Imprving the prductin f natural textiles.
B. Studying hw fast fashin affects the envirnment.
C. Releasing new lines fur times a year instead f every week.
D. Making durable things and expanding the technlgies fr recycling.
33. What can yu infer frm the passage?
A. Cnsumers are fnd f chemically recycled fibres.
B. Systems that cllect, recycle and reuse are insufficient.
C. Manual separatin f fibres is preferred by manufacturers.
D. Envirnment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals.
34. What des the authr think f the future f fashin industry?
A. Big changes are needed t fllw fashin styles.
B. Huge steps shuld be taken fr the needs f cnsumers.
C. Mre shuld be dne t deal with the heavy envirnmental cst.
D. Cnsumers and manufacturers will change their behaviur immediately.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Late-night eating has lng been cnnected t a higher risk fr besity r verweight, which can pse all kinds f risks t yur heart.
____35____ A recent study fund that when meals are delayed by fur hurs — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all ther lifestyle factrs the same, peple burn fewer calries, have strnger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that prmte weight gain, accrding t the study’s authr.
The study was rather small, featuring nly 16 verweight r bese peple. ____36____ In the weeks befre, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck t identical diets and meal times at hme. Each participant reprted n their hunger and appetite, and prvided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calries, and shwing changes in fat tissue, late eating als impacted the hunger-regulating hermnes (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hrmne that tells yu when t eat, while leptin tells yu when yu’ve had enugh. ____37____
The slutin may be relatively simple. Keeping yur eating schedule in line with yur bdy’s natural clck makes sense. ____38____ It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk fr high bld pressure and ther heart disease risk factrs. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks thrughut the day. ____39____ S pay attentin t prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating.
A. Of curse, nt everyne’s natural bdy clck is the same.
B. Researchers may have learned why meal timing culd impact fat gain.
C. A survey has revealed that a grwing number f peple are verweight.
D. They each stuck t a strict early r late meal schedule fr ne day in a lab.
E. Remember, what yu eat and hw much is likely mre imprtant than when.
F. Eating mre early in the day and less as it prgresses may be the best strategy.
G. The study fund that leptin drpped by 16 percent when peple delayed their meals.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ghanim Al-Muftah, 2022 Qatar Wrld Cup Ambassadr(大使), was brn n May 5, 2002, with a rare cnditin knwn as Caudal Regressin Syndrme, which causes its patients t be brn withut the lwer half f the bdy.
Naturally, ne wuld expect him t use a wheelchair, but he insists n mving arund n his hands because he believes that he shuld make use f everything with which he is blessed rather than fcus n what he desn’t have.
While Ghanim was grwing up, he fund it difficult t attend schl initially because his classmates played jkes n him. Nevertheless, his mm encuraged him t speak t these classmates, teach them abut his cnditin, and raise awareness fr the cmmunity. Ghanim has gne further at accepting his cnditin.
Ghanim has vercme all kinds f difficulties in his life, yet, there is still ne issue Ghanim must cntinually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. Despite these rutine medical treatments, he knws that with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk he will be free t accmplish his ambitins. Ghanim refused t let his cnditin stp his thirst fr life and tk n varius sprts-tackling everything frm scuba diving, rck climbing t skatebarding. It is this exemplary take and attitudes twards life that have earned him the lve, respect, and admiratin f millins f peple in Qatar and acrss the glbe.
Currently in university studying plitical science, Al Muftah hpes t becme a diplmat ne day. He is als a majr scial media star, with millins f fllwers n scial media. And he spke abut his future ambitins n the university’s website, saying, “I hpe t help raise public awareness n disability rights; fster respect fr disabled persns and thrugh the prcess prmte mre inclusive and tlerant scieties.”
40. Why des Ghanim insist n walking with his hands instead f using a wheelchair?
_________________________________________________________
41. What prblem des Ghanim have t handle cntinually?
_________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins thrugh taking n a range f sprts and speaking ut n scial media.
_________________________________________________________
43. While Ghanim has earned respect f peple acrss the glbe, hw d yu earn respect f peple arund yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
_________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生Jim对中国文化非常感兴趣，他希望你推荐一件他在寒假里可以做的事情，便于他更好地了解中国文化。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.你推荐他做的事情;
2.你的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述的是作者的一次海上航行，偶遇暴风雨，让作者感受到生命的短暂，由此改变了对生活的态度。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我和六个渔夫一起坐一条小船出海。A. sea大海；B. breakfast早餐；C. exercise锻炼；D. beaches海滩。根据前文“I had just becme a prfessinal phtgrapher and was wrking n a prject abut cmmunities wh live n the sea.”可知，作者刚成为一名专业摄影师的时候，正在拍摄一个关于生活在海上的社区的项目，故此处表示和六个渔夫坐船出海。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：20分钟后，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点。A. ship船只；B. bird鸟；C. star星星；D. spt点。根据后文“It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly.”可知，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点，它很快变得越来越大。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场海啸正在海洋中快速移动！A. squeezing挤；B. swinging摇晃；C. speeding快速移动；D. breaking打破。根据后文“We were stuck.”可知，海浪的速度飞快，在海洋中疾驰。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始感到非常害怕。A. puzzled困惑的；B. scared害怕的；C. disappinted失望的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据前文“We were stuck.”可知，作者一行遭遇了海啸，被困住了，根据常识可推断作者感到非常害怕。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我们坐在哪里，这样我们就能使船保持平衡。A. abandn抛弃；B. repair修理；C. bard登陆；D. balance平衡。根据前文“where t sit”可知，此处表示船长告诉作者和其他人坐在原地，这样保持船的平衡。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：波浪击中了小船，但熟练的船长设法使我们转向，使我们上了浪头。A. hit击中；B. destryed破坏；C. missed错过；D. verturned推翻。根据后文“but the incredibly ___7___ captain managed t swerve(使突然转向)us up and nt the wave.”可知，船长让船转向行驶到海浪之上，因此可知海浪击中了小船。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. skilled熟练的；B. prud骄傲的；C. hpeless绝望的；D. vilent暴力的。根据后文的“managed t swerve(使突然转向)us up and nt the wave.”可知，船长熟练地将船只转变方向，冲到了海浪上。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：船长救了我们所有人。A. left离开；B. saved拯救；C. crrected纠正；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“Everyne let ut heavy sighs.”可知，每个人都长舒了一口气，可推断船长拯救了我们。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生存让我深刻地认识到生命是多么短暂。A. fair公平的；B. happy高兴的；C. shrt短的；D. psitive积极的。根据前文的“Surviving”可知，作者在生死关头认识到生命是多么的短暂。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的照片改变了我的生活。A. tk带走；B. shwed展示；C. entered进入；D. changed改变。根据前文“Surviving gave me a deep understanding f hw ___9___ life can be.”可知，作者在生死关头拍下的照片让作者意识到生命是多么的短暂，由此改变了作者对生活的认识。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
【答案】11. tk##was taking
12. which 13. t burn
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填tk/was taking。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填t burn。
【答案】14. greater
15. walking
16. published
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recmmendatin，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recmmendatin之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
【答案】17. is related
18. slightly
19. makes 20. fr
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related t为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的envirnment，为单数。故填makes。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary fr为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填fr。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目的招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA prgram is a unique pprtunity t gain entry-level prfessinal experience and first-hand expsure t the challenges-and rewards-f internatinal develpment. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are we lking fr?中的“Yu shuld be 28 years f age r yunger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are we ffering yu? 中的“We will prvide yu with the pprtunity t gain entry-level prfessinal experience in a premier develpment institutin, n a tw-year cntract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了主人公Orly通过自己的行动创建了爱心组织，从而影响他人和整个世界。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a yung child, listening repeatedly t the sng, “Heal the Wrld” by Michael Jacksn, Orly knew that she wanted t leave her mark and she wanted mre than anything t bring peple tgether under the name f peace, respect, and lve. (小时候，反复听迈克尔·杰克逊的《Heal the Wrld》这首歌，Orly知道她想留下自己的印记，她最想要的是以和平、尊重和爱的名义把人们团结在一起。)”可知，Orly深受《Heal the Wrld》这首歌的影响，让她知道自己决定改变世界。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“With 8,000 cards, she started a wave f pay-it-frward kindness. Each card cntained an act f kindness that nce cmpleted, wuld be passed nt anther persn. (有了8000张卡片，她掀起了一股“传递爱心”的浪潮。每张卡片都包含一个善举，一旦完成，就会传递给另一个人。)”可知，善举卡片项目的目的是鼓励人们传递善意。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Desiring t make a larger impact with her beneficent wrk and after having been inspired by a small sign n a plane labeled ‘Life Vest Inside’, Orly funded (2011) Life Vest Inside (Orly希望通过她的慈善工作产生更大的影响，并受到飞机上一个写着“Life Vest Inside”的小标志的启发，创办了Life Vest Inside(2011)。)”可知，飞机上的一个小标签启发她创建了该组织。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Thrugh LVI, kind happenings are becming mre frequent. And mre peple are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving f kindness.(Orly传播的魔力是不可否认的！通过LVI，善意的事情变得越来越频繁。越来越多的人正在经历对给予善意的上瘾。)”可知，在Orly的鼓舞下，越来越多的人愿意向他人展示和表达善意。故选C。
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文“Fr astrnmers wh are sighted, the Universe is full f visual wnders. Frm shimmering planets t shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. (对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists in ther fields have als experimented with data snificatin.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fr all the technical accuracy displayed in individual prjects, the Nature Astrnmy series pints ut that there are n universally accepted standards fr snifying scientific data, and little published wrk that evaluates its effectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“快时尚”潮流给环境所带来的危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害尝试的措施。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Clthing, ftwear and uphlstered furniture are increasingly frequently bught, thrwn away and replaced with new fashins, which are themselves sn abandned and replaced.(人们越来越频繁地购买衣服、鞋类和软垫家具，然后扔掉，换上新的时装，而这些时装本身很快又被抛弃和替换。)”以及第二段中“Tday, fashin brands(品牌)prduce almst twice the amunt f clthing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, mre than 50 billin clthes are deserted within a year f being made.( 如今，时尚品牌的服装产量几乎是2000年的两倍。但令人难以置信的是，超过500亿件衣服在制作完成后的一年内被丢弃。)”可以推断，快时尚导致时尚浪费的显著增加。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“That will invlve at least tw things: refcusing n making things that last, and s encuraging reuse; and mre rapidly expanding the technlgies fr sustainable manufacturing(制造)prcesses, especially recycling.( 这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收利用。)”可知，循环经济注重的是制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ Mst used textiles g t landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that cllect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separatin f fibres, as well as buttns and zips. (大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。这种回收需要手工分离纤维，以及纽扣和拉链。)”可知，大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Small steps are gd, but big changes are needed. The shameful envirnmental cst f a new cupbard needs t be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.( 一小步是好的，但大的改变是必要的。快时尚所带来的令人羞耻的环境成本需要立即大规模、有格调地加以解决。)”可知，就长远来看，我们需要做出大的改变是十分必要的，因此人类应该采取更多措施来应对“快时尚”所带来的沉重的环境代价。故选C。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. G 38. F 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了吃饭的时间会影响食欲和体重，并提出相关建议。
【35题详解】
下文“ A recent study fund that when meals are delayed by fur hurs — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all ther lifestyle factrs the same, peple burn fewer calries, have strnger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that prmte weight gain, accrding t the study’s authr.(最近的一项研究发现，如果吃饭时间推迟了4个小时——比如在晚上10点半吃饭，而不是6点半，并且保持其他生活方式不变，根据该研究的作者所说，人们燃烧的卡路里会更少，食欲会更强，脂肪组织的变化会促进体重增加。)”通过举例来说明用餐时间所产生的影响，是对B选项“Researchers may have learned why meal timing culd impact fat gain.(研究人员可能已经了解了为什么用餐时间会影响脂肪的增加。)”中研究成果的阐述，说明了用餐时间如何导致脂肪的增加，上下文语意连贯。故选B。
【36题详解】
下文“In the weeks befre, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck t identical diets and meal times at hme. (在此之前的几周里，他们保持着规律的睡眠时间表，在家里坚持相同的饮食和用餐时间。)”提到实验对象在实验前几周的准备工作，根据句中时间状语“In the weeks befre”可推知，上文设空处应介绍实验当日的情况，D选项“They each stuck t a strict early r late meal schedule fr ne day in a lab.(在实验室里，他们每个人都严格遵守早或晚的用餐时间表。)”符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
上文“Ghrelin is the hrmne that tells yu when t eat, while leptin tells yu when yu’ve had enugh. (胃饥饿素是一种告诉你什么时候该吃东西的激素，而瘦素告诉你什么时候吃饱了。)”提出饿素和瘦素的作用。G选项“The study fund that leptin drpped by 16 percent when peple delayed their meals.(研究发现，当人们推迟吃饭时，瘦素水平会下降16%。)”中说明推迟吃饭会导致瘦素水平下降，会让人多吃东西，上下文语意连贯，句中“leptin”是关键词。故选G。
【38题详解】
上文“Keeping yur eating schedule in line with yur bdy’s natural clck makes sense. (让你的饮食计划与你身体的生物钟保持一致是有意义的)”提出让饮食计划与生物钟保持一致，F选项“Eating mre early in the day and less as it prgresses may be the best strategy.(早上多吃点，随着时间发展少吃点可能是最好的策略。)”给出具体建议，即早上多吃，后面少吃，下文“It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk fr high bld pressure and ther heart disease risk factrs. (它可以最大限度地减少体重增加，降低患高血压和其他心脏病风险因素的风险。)”说明这样做的好处。上下文语意连贯。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据下文的“S pay attentin t prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating.(所以要注意食物的分量和你吃的东西。)”中“S”可知，上下文之间是因果关系，E选项“Remember, what yu eat and hw much is likely mre imprtant than when.( 记住，你吃什么和吃多少可能比什么时候吃更重要。)”指出吃什么和吃多少更重要，与下文构成因果关系，句中“what yu eat and hw much”与下文“prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
【答案】40. Because he believes that he shuld make use f what he is blessed with instead f what he lacks.
41. Many medical treatments and surgery.
42. Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins thrugh taking n a range f sprts and speaking ut n scial media. Because Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk./ Ghanim knws that with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk he will be free t accmplish his ambitins.
43. Hnest with thers, never telling lies , knwing hw t care fr thers and be mdest t thers are imprtant. As lng as we abide by the abve mentined, we will find it easy t be respected by thers.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯形象大使Ghanim Al-Muftah的个人故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“Naturally, ne wuld expect him t use a wheelchair, but he insists n mving arund n his hands because he believes that he shuld make use f everything with which he is blessed rather than fcus n what he desn’t have.(自然地，人们会认为他使用轮椅，但他坚持用手走动，因为他认为他应该利用他有幸拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。)”可知，他之所以坚持用手走动，是因为他认为他应该利用他所拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。故答案为Because he believes that he shuld make use f what he is blessed with instead f what he lacks。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ghanim has vercme all kinds f difficulties in his life, yet, there is still ne issue Ghanim must cntinually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. (Ghanim已经克服了生活中的各种困难，但仍有一个问题是Ghanim必须不断面对的——多次治疗和手术。)”可知，Ghanim必须不断面对多次的治疗和手术。故答案为Many medical treatments and surgery。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite these rutine medical treatments, he knws that with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk he will be free t accmplish his ambitins. (尽管有这些常规的医疗治疗，他知道只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。)”可知，题干中“Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins thrugh taking n a range f sprts and speaking ut n scial media.( Ghanim相信，他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心。)”中的“他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心”为错误部分，他认为只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。原文要求对错误句子进行下划线标注，故答案为Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins thrugh taking n a range f sprts and speaking ut n scial media. Because Ghanim believes he will accmplish his ambitins with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk. / Ghanim knws that with faith, cmmitment and hard wrk he will be free t accmplish his ambitins。
【43题详解】
开放式题目考查。根据题干要求“While Ghanim has earned respect f peple acrss the glbe, hw d yu earn respect f peple arund yu?( Ghanim赢得了全世界人民的尊重，你如何赢得周围人的尊重呢？)”可知，题干根据实际要求回答如何赢得周围人的尊敬，回答合理即可。在日常生活中，获得他人尊重需要做到诚实、谦虚和体贴他人。故参考答案为：Hnest with thers, never telling lies , knwing hw t care fr thers and be mdest t thers are imprtant. As lng as we abide by the abve mentined, we will find it easy t be respected by thers。
第二节(20分)
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing that yu are interested in Chinese traditinal culture, I recmmend yu t read Chinese classical literature which can help yu have a better understanding f Chinese traditinal culture. Here are my specific suggestins.
First, yu can read the fur great classics. I knw this is very difficult fr yu, but yu can read them by cnsulting a dictinary r a bk. In the prcess f reading, yu will nt nly imprve yur Chinese level, but als gain mre knwledge. In additin, yu can als watch the ancient TV series t understand the specific plts, s that yu can mre fully feel the Chinese classical literature.
These are my suggestins. I hpe they will be helpful t yu. If yu dn’t understand any details, yu can always write t me. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，建议他在寒假里做一件事，以便于他更好的了解中国文化。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：recmmend→suggest
首先：first→first f all
此外：in additin→what’s mre
希望：hpe→expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hearing that yu are interested in Chinese traditinal culture, I recmmend yu t read Chinese classical literature which can help yu have a better understanding f Chinese traditinal culture.
拓展句：Because I hear that yu are interested in Chinese traditinal culture, I recmmend yu t read Chinese classical literature which can help yu have a better understanding f Chinese traditinal culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 I knw this is very difficult fr yu, but yu can read them by cnsulting a dictinary r a bk. In the prcess f reading, yu will nt nly imprve yur Chinese level, but als gain mre knwledge. （运用了nt nly…but als…固定句型）
【高分句型2】In additin, yu can als watch the ancient TV series t understand the specific plts, s that yu can mre fully feel the Chinese classical literature.（运用了s that引导状语从句）