2025版高考英语一轮复习新题精练专题三完形填空考点4背景常识课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习新题精练专题三完形填空考点4背景常识课件，共12页。

过考点　考点突破分类强化Clze 1话题:发现一本老年人的手抄语录集　　主题语境:人与自我　　词数:约280　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023山西太原一模]In ur living rm, we have a bkshelf. We call it the "　1　 treasury" because any f ur guests can take any bk frm it and 　2　 any bk t it. Our hme ften hsts events with hundreds f different peple passing thrugh it. But n ne 　3　 where the bks cme r g. It's all based n trust. These bks are typically f the 　▶4　 types—frm Jack Canfield's Chicken Sup fr the Sul, t self-help bks like The Pwer f Nw, t Rmain Rlland's Vies des Hmmes Illustres. I can't really 　5　 what I'll find n a particular day. The ther day, I 　6　 n a red bk. It 　7　 because it had special little white hearts n it and n title. I checked ut Page One. It had a handwritten inscriptin in black ink: T: DJ BurrwesFrm: Grandma and Grandpa BurrwesI quickly turned t a 　8　 page in the bk. I sptted a qute, with a crssed ut wrd written in the seemingly 　▶9　 handwriting f elderly Grandma r Grandpa Burrwes. Then I culdn't wait t 　10　 the inside. 　11　, every page had a handwritten qute by DJ's grandparents. It was a(n) 　12　 f grandparents' qutes ging back ver many years! They had given it t their grandsn and nw, DJ gave it t us. It was this gift that 　13　 all f us! A cuple f weeks back, DJ decided t leave America t g n an pen-ended trip t China. Befre
leaving, he came fr an 　14　 at ur place, putting this bk n the shelf withut letting us knw. He expressed his silent 　15　 in this way fr what he benefited frm ur sharing. We std in awe f the Burrwes family fr what they left us. 1A.sharedB.secretC.virtualB.readC.rentB.tracksC.guessesB.prfessinalC.amusingB.limitC.predictB.chancedC.tuched upB.faded awayC.std utD.tk place8A.crrectB.blankC.randmB.awfulC.funnyB.explreC.chseB.HpefullyC.PssiblyB.directinC.impressinB.caughtC.cnnectedB.eventC.hnrB.sympathyC.prmiseD.gratitude
【解析】 作者家里经常举行"共享图书"活动。一天,作者无意中发现一本书,里面每一页都有老年人手写的语录,原来这本书是DJ为了默默地感谢作者的分享给他带来的好处而留下的。1.A　逻辑推理　根据下文中的"because any f ur guests can take any bk frm it and　2　 any bk t it"可知,此处指"共享图书宝库",故选A项。shared"分享的,共有的";secret"秘密的";virtual"虚拟的,模拟的";persnal"个人的"。 2.D　逻辑推理　根据语境和上文中的"any f ur guests can take any bk frm it"及下文中的"But n ne　3　 where the bks cme r g"可知,此处与take对照,表示客人也可以将任何一本贡献出来,故选D项。lend"借出";read"阅读";rent"租用";cntribute"贡献,捐献"。 3.B　语境语义　根据语境和下文中的"where the bks cme r g. It's all based n trust"可知,没有人追查这些书的来历和去向,故选B项。reply"回答";track"追踪";guess"猜测";mind"介意"。4.A　背景常识　根据下文中的"frm Jack Canfield's Chicken Sup fr the Sul... t Rmain Rlland's Vies des Hmmes Illustres"并结合常识可知,这些书都是鼓舞人心的,故选A项。inspiring"鼓舞人心的";prfessinal"专业的,娴熟的";amusing"好笑的";creative"有创造力的"。5.C　语境语义　根据上文中的"any f ur guests can take any bk frm it and　2　 any bk t it""But n ne　3　 where the bks cme r g"可知,作者真的无法预测在某一天会发现什么书籍,故选C项。ignre"忽视";limit"限制";predict"预测";dubt"怀疑"。 
【知识拓展】　　18种高频前缀小结1.pre-表示"先于,在……之前":predict 预料,precautin预防2.fre-表示"先于,预先;在……的前部":frecast预报,fresee预料,frehead前额,freleg前腿3.ex-表示 "以前的,前任的;向外":ex-sldier 退役军人,expand扩大,extend延伸4.pst-表示"后,以后":pst-war战后的,pstgraduate研究生5.re-表示"再,重新":recnsider 重新考虑,relcate重新安置,replace把……放回原处6.sub-,under-表示"在……下面(或底下);在……以下,少于,低于":subway 地铁,underline 在……下画线,underestimate低估7.ver-表示"过于,太;完全地;上面,外面":verlad使超载,verweight超重的,verjyed非常高兴,vercat长大衣8.super-表示"超级;上方":superglue强力胶,super-efficient效率极高的,superstructure上层建筑9.extra-表示"超出;非常,十分":extrardinary 非凡的,extracurricular 课外的,extra-thin特别瘦的10.in-, im-表示"不,非":incmplete 不完全的;impssible 不可能的11.inter-表示"在……之间,相互":interstate州际的,interpersnal人际的,internatinal 国际的,interact 互相影响12.c-表示"和……一起,共同":cperate 合作,cexist共存,c-authr合著者13.tele-表示"远程的,通过电话的":telescpe望远镜,teleshpping电话(或电视)购物,telesales电话销售
6.B　语境语义　根据上文中的"I can't really　5　 what I'll find n a particular day"可知,作者是偶然发现这本书的。故选B项。keep n"继续";chance n"偶然发现";tuch n"提及";depend n"取决于"。 7.C　固定搭配　根据下文中的"because it had special little white hearts n it and n title"可知,这本书很显眼,故选C项。turn up"出现";fade away"衰弱";stand ut"突出,显眼";take place"发生"。8.C　语境语义　根据语境可知,作者随便翻开一页,故选C项。crrect"正确的";blank"空白的";randm"随机的";familiar"熟悉的"。9.A　背景常识　根据常识和下文中的"elderly Grandma r Grandpa Burrwes"并结合选项可知,这是老年人颤抖的笔迹,故选A项。shaky"颤抖的,摇晃的";awful"可怕的,很坏的";funny"有趣的";strange"奇怪的"。10.B　语境语义　根据语境和下文中的"every page had a handwritten qute by DJ's grandparents"可知,作者迫不及待地想要探索里面的内容,故选B项。accept"接受";explre"探索";chse"选择";reflect"反映"。11.A　语境语义　根据下文中的"every page had a handwritten qute by DJ's grandparents"和语境可知,作者没预料到书中每一页都有DJ的祖父母手写的语录,故选A项。unexpectedly"出乎意料地";hpefully"有希望地";pssibly"可能";thankfully"幸亏,高兴地"。
14.aut-表示"自动的;自己的":autmatic 自动的,autbigraphy自传15.by-表示"次要的;附近":by-prduct副产品,bystander 旁观者16.micr-表示"微小的,规模小的":micrchip微芯片,micrscpe显微镜17.trans-表示"横穿,通过;进入,成为":transcntinental横贯大陆的,transfrm改变,transplant移植18.bi-表示"生物的;人生的":bidiversity生物多样性,biengineering 生物工程, bigraphy 传记
12.D　语境语义　根据上文中的"every page had a handwritten qute by DJ's grandparents"可知,这是一本多年前祖父母手抄的语录集,故选D项。traditin"传统";directin"方向";impressin"印象";cllectin"作品集"。13.C　逻辑推理　基于上文对"共享图书宝库"的介绍和上文中的"DJ gave it t us""It was this gift"可知,这本书放在这里供大家阅读,所以把所有人联系在了一起,故选C项。cmfrt"安慰";catch"抓住";cnnect"把……联系起来 ";attract"吸引"。14.B　复现信息　根据上文中的"Our hme ften hsts events with hundreds f different peple passing thrugh it"以及语境可知,DJ是来参加一个活动的,故选B项。adventure"冒险,奇遇";event"活动";hnr"荣誉";rder"命令"。15.D　语境语义　根据上文中的"putting this bk n the shelf withut letting us knw"和下文中的"fr what he benefited frm ur sharing"可知,他在默默地表示感谢,故选D项。ambitin"抱负";sympathy"同情";prmise"承诺";gratitude"感激"。
Clze 2话题:小举动说明大道理　　主题语境:人与自我　　词数:约210　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023湖南长沙适应性考试]One day Christpher Clumbus was at a party that a Spanish gentleman gave in his hnr. Peple were saying,"What a great 　▶1　 yu have made!" Hwever,several peple present were envius f him. They began t try t make Clumbus 　2　. "Yu have discvered new 　▶3　 beynd the seas," they said, "but what f that?Anybdy can 　▶4　 acrss the cean and anybdy can cast alng the islands n the ther side. It is the 　5　 thing in the wrld. All yu need t d is sail west. That's nt a(n) 　6　 feat(功绩)." Clumbus made n 　7　, but after a while he tk an egg frm a dish and said t the cmpany,"Wh amng yu, gentlemen, can make this egg 　8　 n end?" "That's impssible," the hst replied. "Yu wuld need t be a 　9　 t d that." One by ne, thse at the table 　10　 the experiment. 　11　, nne f them succeeded. After a shrt silence, Clumbus tk the egg and struck its small end 　▶12　 upn the table s as t __13__ the shell(壳) a little. After that, there was n 　▶14　 in making it stand upright. "Gentlemen," said he, "what is easier than t d that which yu said was impssible? It is the simplest thing in the wrld. Anybdy can d it—AFTER HE HAS BEEN 　15　 HOW!" 1A.decisinB.scheduleC.discveryB.uncmfrtableC.unfrtunateB.ceansC.landsD.treasures
4A.sailB.runC.walkB.wrstC.hardestB.uselessC.remarkableB.answerC.mistakeB.sitC.fallB.sailrC.plannerB.finishedC.tried allB.At lastC.Fr instanceD.In additin12A.gentlyB.vilentlyC.heavilyB.changeC.hideB.funC.reactinB.SHOWNC.EXPLODEDD.SET
【解析】 一天,克里斯托弗·哥伦布参加了一个西班牙绅士为他举办的聚会,在场的几个人很嫉妒他,于是他们就说了一些哥伦布发现新大陆不是一个了不起的功绩之类的话。哥伦布没有回答,而是用一个鸡蛋告诉在场的人一个大道理:"没有什么比做你们说不可能的事情更容易。这是世界上最简单的事情。任何人都可以做到,只要有人教过他怎么做!"1.C　背景常识　众所周知,哥伦布发现新大陆是一个伟大的发现,故选C。make a discvery为固定短语,意为"有发现"。decisin"决定";schedule"日程表";discvery"发现";statement"声明"。2.B　逻辑推理　be envius f为固定短语,意为"嫉妒"。根据上文内容可知,有些在场的人嫉妒哥伦布,由此可知,此处应指他们想方设法使哥伦布感到不自在,故选B。unhurt"未受伤";uncmfrtable"不自在的";unfrtunate"不幸的";unafraid"不害怕的"。3.C　背景常识　哥伦布发现新大陆是不争的事实,故选C。substance"物质";treasure"珍宝"。4.A　背景常识　根据常识可知,要想从大洋中穿过,必须航行过去,故选A。sail"航行,乘船航行";hike"徒步旅行"。5.D　逻辑推理　析语境:根据前一句可知,他们认为任何人都可以横渡大洋,任何人都可以沿着大洋另一边的岛屿航行→做推断:此句应指他们认为这是最简单的事情→定答案:simplest"最简单的",故选D。
【名师点津】　　高考完形填空的语篇中交织渗透着各种背景知识和常识。考生在做题时,除了通过上下文语境来判断之外,还可以充分利用个人的经验和常识,从而快速、准确地判断出答案。
6.C　逻辑推理　根据上文内容可知,他们认为发现新大陆不足为奇,这是世界上最简单的事情,因此这不是什么非凡的壮举,故选C。useless"无用的";remarkable"非凡的";rdinary"普通的"。7.B　逻辑推理　根据下文中的"but after a while he tk an egg frm a dish and said t the cmpany"可知,but前后表示转折,此处应指哥伦布未作回答,但过了一会儿,他从盘子里拿了一个鸡蛋,问了大家一个问题。故选B。make n answer意为"不作回答",为固定短语。aplgy"道歉";mistake"错误";secret"秘密"。8.D　复现信息　根据空后的"n end"和下文中的"it stand upright"可知,此处指哥伦布的问题是谁能将鸡蛋立起来,故选D。rll"滚动";stand"站立,直立"。9.A　逻辑推理　析语境:根据语境可知,聚会的主人认为将鸡蛋立起来是不可能的事→做推断:他认为要想做这件事,需要找一个魔术师→定答案:magician"魔术师"符合题意。sailr"水手";planner"规划者"。故选A。10.C　语境语义　根据语境可知,此处指坐在桌子旁边的人一个接一个地尝试这个实验,故选C。evaluate"评估";finish"完成";design"设计"。11.B　固定搭配　根据语境可知,此处指最终没有一个人成功。abve all"最重要的是";at last"最终";fr instance"例如";in additin"另外"。12.A　背景常识　根据常识可知,鸡蛋要轻轻敲打,否则会打碎的,故选A。gently"轻柔地";vilently"猛烈地";heavily"沉重地";critically"批判性地"。13.D　语境语义　哥伦布轻轻敲打鸡蛋的目的是将鸡蛋壳打破一点,故选D。hide"躲藏";break"打破"。