勃利县高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份勃利县高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Explre the Histry f Jazz and
Celebrate the Lunar New Year
Here is a sample f sme events fr this week and hw t tune in. Nte that events are likely t change after publicatin.
■Mnday
Explre the histry f jazz in Washingtn with the musician, bradcaster and histrian Ken Avis, as he discusses what made the city a capital and hw the music has changed thrugh the years. This event, presented by the Smithsnian Assciates, csts $25 fr members and $30 fr nnmembers. Registratin clses tw hurs befre the event.
When: 6：45 p. m.
Where: smithsnianassciates.rg/ticketing/tickets/music­city­dc
■Wednesday
Celebrate the Lunar New Year's unique fd traditins in a talk frm the Freer Gallery f Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. Jan Stuart, the Melvin R. Seiden rganizer f Chinese art, will present wrks frm the museum's cllectin, and Lydia Chang f the Peter Chang restaurant empire, will share stries abut her family's celebratry dishes. This event is free, and attendance is capped at 500.
When: 6 p. m.
Where: ­new­year­celebratin
■Saturday
Jin Ensemble NYC fr an evening f lve sngs. Featuring well­knwn artists, the event will include pieces like Giachin Rssini's Una vce pc fa and Mzart's Là ci darem la man. A part f the mney will be dnated t West Side Campaign Against Hunger. Tickets are need­based and can be purchased fr as little as $10.
When: 7：30 p. m.
Where: musae.me/ensemblenyc/experience/889/canzne­damre
■Sunday
Dance with yur little nes while listening t a special cncert frm the Laurie Berkner Band. In a live perfrmance, Ms. Berkner, a children's recrding artist, will play family­friendly sngs, dance t animatins and even intrduce special guests. Tickets are $20, and give viewers access t bth the 12 p. m. and 5 p. m. shws.
When: 12 p. m. r 5 p. m.
Where:
1．Hw much will yu pay fr the jazz event if yu are nt a member?
A. $10.B. $20.C. $25.D. $30.
2．Where can yu learn abut Chinese artwrks?
A.
B. smithsnianassciates.rg/ticketing/tickets/music­city­dc
C. ­new­year­celebratin
D. musae.me/ensemblenyc/experience/889/canzne­damre
3．When is prbably the best time fr a family attendance?
A. On Mnday.B. On Wednesday.
C. On Saturday.D. On Sunday.
It is nt rare in China that many senirs take advantage f their retirement years t please their grandchildren.
Sme are gd at sugar figure blwing art-the maker uses sugar as its basic material t bil and blw int varius figures. Sme can weave, using even the mst unexpected materials such as leaves, and sme excel in carpentry, using wd t carve lifelike dlls and tys.
Recently, in a small village in Fujian prvince, ne — and — a — half — year — ld Dandan became the mst enviable child. His grandfather made a wden " mantis cart （螳螂车）"fr him. The wden cmpnents n bth sides f the cart wuld rise and fall with the metal wheels, resembling a mantis. This ne-f-a-kind ty was filmed by the child's parents and psted nline, immediately arusing curisity.
The grandfather, Li Shishui, 70, wh has been a carpenter fr mre than 50 years, retired in 2018. In his spare time, he picks up his ld craftsmanship and uses the scrap （小块）wd frm his ld huse t make the "mantis cart" with lng legs. He als makes pure wden tys such as rbts , birds and even an "Irn Man".
When Dandan ges ut in the “ mantis cart"， it never fails t turn heads and children f the neighbrs next dr shut and cry t their parents fr ne t.
Full f childlike fun, fatherly lve and delicate design, the wden ty, nt merely catches the heart f children in his neighburhd, sme netizens als express their envy after watching nline vides. "I want a grandpa like him t. " "Des grandpa want a granddaughter?" Sme als recllect that althugh their grandfather is nt a carpenter, these vides have brught back their fnd memries when they were yung — their grandfather als made sme gadgets （小物件）fr them.
Therefre, many believe, parents shuld stress the imprtance f the educatin f their children's interpersnal cmmunicatin skills at an early age. Children wh grw up in the lve f their elders can expect t be mre brave, psitive, ptimistic and cnfident than ther children.
4．What des the authr mean by the underlined part "This ne-f-a-kind ty”？
A. The ty is hard-wn.
B. The ty is specially made.
C. The ty is f high quality.
D. The ty is the nly ne made by Grandpa Li.
5．Which f the fllwing is right abut "mantis cart”？
A. All the cmpnents f it are made f wd.
B. Its nline vides were nt immediately accepted.
C. Its insect-like features attract bth children and adults.
D. It was hand-made by Grandpa Li, a craftsman f sugar figures.
6．What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Much imprtance shuld be attached t children's behavir.
B. Children under the care f their elders may have better persnalities.
C. Sme netizens envy Dandan as their grandparents are nt carpenters.
D. Sme children f the neighbrs cry as Dandan desn’t share the ty with them.
7．Which sectin f a web page can this passage be taken frm?
A. Fashin.B. Entertainment
C. Lifestyle.D. Transprtatin.
A car weighing nly a few hundred punds, can travel 500 miles per hur, repair itself and cst less than ther cars. It might be hard t imagine such a cat, let alne a spaceship. But NASA is trying t make a spaceship that is much better than ther ships.
The spacecraft has t be as light as it can be. Weight csts mney! A new discvery might allw spacecraft t be lighter. A new material called a "carbn nantube（碳纳米管）" might be the answer t the weight prblem f building a super spaceship. This material is 600 times strnger than steel.
One f the big prblems with space travel is space radiatin （辐射）.In space, astrnauts need prtectin against harmful rays. Yu might think that the metal n a spaceship is the answer. But, metals are the wrst fr prtecting against very dangerus space rays. These rays are made f little pieces called ins （离子）.When the ins hit metals at very high speed, they can break an atm and cause anther type f ray t frm. These new rays can be wrse than the radiatin the metal skins were suppsed t stp. Thus, it is very imprtant t blck these rays.
But we culd use carbn nantubes t make the skins f spacecraft. Things that are light in weight seem t wrk the best against these ins. The rays are stpped utside the spacecraft and new rays aren't made.
In additin, ur super spaceship needs t be able t repair itself. Humans can feel the smallest pinpricks （针刺）because f tiny sensrs that send signals t ur brains. Tiny sensrs like urs culd be built in the new ships. Each sensr culd send messages t the cmputer “brain" f the spacecraft. If smething needed t be fixed, the cmputer culd tell the ship t d it.
Just as amazing as a car wuld be t smene 200 years ag, ur nantube spaceship might seem t us. We might actually make the spacecraft f tmrrw, using the technlgy f tday.
8．What are the features f carbn nantubes?
A. Light and strng.B. Thin and radiactive.
C. Self-repairing and weightless.D. Sensitive and prtective.
9．Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A. Space radiatin can't be blcked at all.
B. Space rays can break ins t frm new rays.
C. Carbn nantubes can prevent radiatin effectively.
D. Metal skins aren’t a gd chice fr their strength.
10．Why will tiny sensrs be built int the new spaceship?
A. Humans can feel the smallest pinpricks.
B. The cmputer "brain" can repair itself.
C. Signals can be sent t humans' brains.
D. The cmputer can be infrmed f what t repair.
11．What's the best title f the passage?
A. A New Discvery in Space
B. NASA Made a Breakthrugh
C. Nantubes Help t Repair Spacecraft
D. NASA’s Attempt t Make a Super Spaceship.
Waste srting is a cmplex phenmenn that can be an imprtant step tward a glbal circular ecnmy. Maybe it even will be smething we will lk back n as ne f the first steps tward an eclgical sciety.
But srting f waste culd als mean participating in an activity that gradually weakens sustainable develpment by allwing unsustainable cmpanies t use recycling as a way t pretend they are sustainable.
When Ryal Dutch Shell, British-Dutch il and gas cmpany, wanted t dump an il rig in the cean in 1995 many peple in Eurpe had just started t separate glass bttles and newspapers. The cmpany’s plan was viewed as a sign f arrgance. The incident led t an imprtant meeting, after which many cmpanies started including envirnmental factrs in their risk assessment.
The situatin is different tday. It is n lnger clear if the kind f waste srting dne in Western natins is part f the prblem r the slutin. There are areas where the srting f waste is wrking reasnably well, fr example the glass and metal industries. But at a time when we are lking at a transfrmative system change and glbal sustainability, there is a need t fundamentally rethink waste srting.
In the cming decades, the wrld needs t eliminate (消除) the use f fssil fuels, becme mre resurce efficient lift billins ut f pverty and ensure greater equity. In rder t ensure this, we need a resurce-efficient circular ecnmy, and waste srting can play a key rle. But that shuld be a very different kind f waste srting.
China culd initiate the next generatin f waste srting systems. Such a waste srting system wuld be a driver fr innvatin and extreme resurce efficiency and a true step tward eclgical civilizatin.
12．Waste srting is a cmplex phenmenn because ________.
A. it is an imprtant step tward a glbal circular ecnmy
B. it means ecnmy and may be an activity that gradually weakens sustainable develpment
C. it is a first step tward an eclgical sciety
D. it is slwly mving int the center f cnversatin
13．What did the behavir f Ryal Dutch Shell cmpany result in?
A. The dumping f il rig.
B. Separating glass bttles and newspapers.
C. Including envirnment when assessing risks.
D. Starting waste srting in Eurpean cuntries.
14．There is a need t fundamentally rethink waste srting because ________.
A. the srting f waste is wrking well in sme areas
B. a transfrmative system change and glbal sustainability shuld be cnsidered
C. the western recycling system des nt fit fr the whle wrld
D. peple are cncerned abut greater equity
15．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce Western recycling systems.
B. T cmpare tw recycling systems.
C. T predict the change f eclgical system.
D. T advcate a mre sustainable waste srting system.
二、七选五
16．Open a bk by any philspher and yu'll prbably read that a meaningful life has t invlve achieving smething difficult. That's because many philsphers are perfectinists when it cmes t the meaning f life. It's nt just philsphers, either. Perfectinism is ne f the main reasns peple tend t believe their lives are meaningless. ① _________If they aren't ding smething abslutely amazing, then life has n meaning.
② _________ S the cnclusin is bvius: mst lives are meaningless. Right? Nt really. Dig a little deeper, and perfectinism falls apart. Actually yu dn't need t be a perfectinist abut the meaning f life. Life wuld be fantastic if everything was perfect. But smething desn't need t be perfect t be fantastic. ③ _________
Fr ne, it's pretty incnsistently applied mst f the time. Peple wh are perfectinists abut the meaning f life ften dn't apply it t ther areas f their lives. ④ _________Fr example, perfectinists dn't think they're a failure if they dn't get a hundred percent n every test. S isn't it als absurd t apply that kind f standard t the meaning f life?
It desn't end there. The demands that perfectinists place n themselves and thers are actually really unrealistic. And that means they can nly lead t disappintment. ⑤ _________It wuld be similarly dd t call ne f yur friends a huge failure because he can't achieve as much in a day as Superman. But that's exactly the lgic perfectinism applies when it claims that ur lives have t be extrardinary in sme way t have meaning.
A. They see life as all -r-nthing.
B. We dn't expect a dg t drive a car.
C. This leads t lts f duble standards.
D. Yu're unlikely t be satisfied with any result.
E. And there are actually a few prblems with perfectinism.
F. Hwever, mst f us aren't an Einstein r a Mther Teresa.
G. They'd prbably dismiss the ideas like that as absurd, in fact.
三、完形填空（15空）
My presentatin was hrrible and bth the client and bss seemed nt satisfied. Disappinted and exhausted, I 1 myself ut f the air-cnditined ffice. It was ht as hell and I was 2 in the three-piece suit I’d bught specifically fr this big day. I barded a full bus and was unable t 3 it, s I squeezed my way ff at the next stp. Cntinuing my jurney, I refused t take ff my jacket, purpsely maximizing my setbacks — “When it rains, let it 4 ” was my principle.
As I turned the crner, I saw a grup f kids frlicking (嬉闹) in the water. “If I get wet...” I said t myself, thinking abut taking an alternative 5 . Then I nticed a little kid hlding a water gun and 6 me a little harder than the thers. I eyed him back. Suddenly, he sht his gun at me. In that secnd, I knew I was ging t get wet thugh I felt they didn't dare. He gt me, behind my ear, 7 he made his escape. I, frzen and then angry, headed tward the alley t 8 his escape. Mre surprisingly, his playmate threw his water gun t me. I pulled the trigger (扳机). He fught back but his shter was n 9 fr my pwer, s instead he turned his water gun n a few ther little kids wh were taken by surprise and ended up in 10 at what just happened. Then, I t turned my gun n these kids and befre lng we were in all-ut water warfare. Sn, the whle blck seemed t be 11 . Needless t say, I was wet and laughing like I'd never laugh befre.
I culdn't remember my last water 12 and if did, it culdn't have been as fun as this ne. It tk a five-year-ld t 13 the kid in me, and help me realize that yu may nt be able t 14 disappintment but yu can still let in the 15 . And yu can ruin a suit, t, and nt really care!
17．A. drewB. accmpaniedC. draggedD. fled
18．A. tremblingB. tiredC. depressedD. biling
19．A. standB. adjustC. resistD. challenge
20．A. drpB. purC. flatD. fld
21．A. wayB. riskC. measureD. bus
22．A. eyeingB. wavingC. shuting atD. shting at
23．A. in caseB. in thatC. befreD. until
24．A. banB. blckC. defeatD. help
25．A. excuseB. distinctinC. matchD. qualificatin
26．A. painsB. peaceC. stillnessD. tears
27．A. upsetB. frightenedC. separatedD. invlved
28．A. shwerB. perfrmanceC. fightD. cmpetitin
29．A. make utB. pick upC. put upD. bring ut
30．A. cntrlB. ablishC. lseD. cancel
31．A. successB. jyC. expectatinD. accmplishment
四、短文填空
32．In China, fd deliverymen are always in ① _________ rush between traffic regardless f wind r rain. ② _________ they make ur life mre cnvenient, this can cme at a cst t them. On fd delivery service platfrms, the time limit is calculated by an algrithm (算法). But it desn’t cnsider real­life ③ _________ (situatin), such as red lights and speed limits. Fr deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. S they speed up and ften break traffic rules, ④ _________ (put) nt nly their wn lives at risk, but als the lives f thers. Many peple sclded the platfrms and asked them t imprve the regulatins n delivery. ⑤ _________ respnse, Eleme annunced that it wuld add a buttn t the app, ⑥ _________ allws custmers t extend the time limit. But this created mre ⑦ _________ (heat) debate, as sme felt the cmpany was distracting attentin. The Shanghai Cnsumer Cuncil cmmented that the mve was nt reasnable, adding that the prblems shuld ⑧ _________ (settle) between the cmpanies and their emplyees. Als, even with the ability ⑨ _________ (allw) mre time fr delivery, sme users felt this wuld nt ⑩ _________ (full) address the prblems.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Carline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Carline,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tess was eight years ld when she heard her mther and father talking abut her little brther, Andrew. All she knew was that he was very sick and they were cmpletely ut f mney.
Only a very cstly surgery culd save him and it was lking like there was n ne t lan them the mney. She heard her father say t her tearful mther with whispered desperatin, “Only a miracle(奇迹) can save him nw.”
Tess went t her bedrm and pulled a glass jar frm its hiding place. She pured all the change ut n the flr and cunted it carefully. Placing the cins back in the jar and twisting n the cap, she slipped ut the back dr and made her way t Rexall’s Drug Stre.
She waited patiently fr the pharmacist(药剂师) t give her sme attentin but he was t busy at that mment. Finally she tk a quarter frm her jar and banged it n the glass cunter. It wrked. “And what d yu want?” the pharmacist said, “I’m talking t my brther frm Chicag whm I haven’t seen in ages.” Tess replied, “My little brther, Andrew, has smething bad grwing inside his head and my father says nly a miracle can save him nw. S hw much des a miracle cst?” “We dn’t sell miracles here, little girl. I’m srry but I can’t help yu,” the pharmacist said.
The pharmacist’s brther was a well-dressed man. He came up and asked her, “What kind f miracle des yur brther need?” “I dn’t knw,” Tess replied with her eyes welling up. “I just knw he is really sick and my mther says he needs an peratin. But she can’t pay fr it, s I want t use my mney.” The man frm Chicag asked, “Hw much d yu have?” “One dllar and eleven cents,” Tess answered.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The man tuched Tess’s head and smiled.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In fact, the man was a famus dctr.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一个小标题Mnday下第一段倒数第二句“This event, presented by the Smithsnian Assciates, csts $25 fr members and $30 fr nnmembers.（这项活动由史密森学会主办，会员收费25美元，非会员收费30美元。）”可知，非会员是30美金一位（$30）。故选D项。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题Wednesday下第一段第二句“Jan Stuart, the Melvin R. Seiden rganizer f Chinese art, will present wrks frm the museum's cllectin, and Lydia Chang f the Peter Chang restaurant empire, will share stries abut her family's celebratry dishes.（斯图尔特是中国艺术的组织者，她将展示博物馆藏品中的一些作品，而彼得昌餐厅帝国的丽迪雅•张将分享她家人庆祝菜肴的故事。）”以及Where: ­new­year­celebratin可知，如果想要欣赏中国艺术品，就要去­new­year­celebratin查看。故选C项。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四个小标题Sunday 下第一，二句“Dance with yur little nes while listening t a special cncert frm the Laurie Berkner Band. In a live perfrmance, Ms. Berkner, a children's recrding artist, will play family­friendly sngs, dance t animatins and even intrduce special guests.（一边听劳里·伯克纳乐队的特别音乐会，一边和你的孩子们跳舞。在现场表演中，身为儿童唱片艺术家的伯克纳会播放适合家庭的歌曲，随着动画起舞，甚至还会介绍特别嘉宾。）”可知，这是最适合家庭参加的活动，该活动时间为周日（On Sunday.）。故选D项。
4．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Sme can weave, using even the mst unexpected materials such as leaves, and sme excel in carpentry, using wd t carve lifelike dlls and tys.”（有些人会编织，甚至使用最意想不到的材料，如树叶；有些擅长木工，用木头雕刻栩栩如生的娃娃和玩具。）第三段“The wden cmpnents n bth sides f the cart wuld rise and fall with the metal wheels, resembling a mantis.”（车两边的木制部件会随着金属轮子起落，就像螳螂一样。）可知，这些玩具的材料是让人意想不到的，且玩具也很特别。故这种玩具是特制的。推知This ne-f-a-kind ty意为特别的，独一无二的。故选B项。
5．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“When Dandan ges ut in the “mantis cart”, it never fails t turn heads and children f the neighbrs next dr shut and cry t their parents fr ne t.”(当丹丹坐着“螳螂车”出去的时候，它总是回头率很高，邻居的孩子们也会大喊大叫地向父母要。)以及倒数第二段“Full f childlike fun, fatherly lve and delicate design, the wden ty, nt merely catches the heart f children in his neighburhd, sme netizens als express their envy after watching nline vides. ”（这款充满童趣、慈爱和精致设计的木制玩具不仅俘获了邻居家孩子们的心，一些网民在看了网络视频后也表达了羡慕之情。）可知，这种小玩具吸引到小孩和大人，故选C项。
6．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefre, many believe, parents shuld stress the imprtance f the educatin f their children's interpersnal cmmunicatin skills at an early age. Children wh grw up in the lve f their elders can expect t be mre brave, psitive, ptimistic and cnfident than ther children.”（因此，许多人认为，父母应该在孩子很小的时候就强调人际交往能力教育的重要性。在长辈的关爱下长大的孩子，会比其他孩子更勇敢、积极、乐观、自信。）可知，在长辈照顾下的孩子可能会有更好的个性。故选B项。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据全文基本内容讲述了退休后的老人用自己的一些技能来做手工艺品，逗自己的孙辈开心的故事。同时文中也出现了很多生活场景，如“Recently, in a small village in Fujian prvince, ne and a half year ld Dandan became the mst enviable child. His grandfather made a wden " mantis cart （螳螂车）"fr him.”（最近，在福建省的一个小村庄里，一岁半的丹丹成为最令人羡慕的孩子。他的祖父做了一个木制“螳螂车”。）可以推知，这篇文章应该是在生活方式的版面。故选C项。
8．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据“A new discvery might allw spacecraft t be lighter. A new material called a "carbn nantube（碳纳米管）" might be the answer t the weight prblem f building a super spaceship. This material is 600 times strnger than steel.”（一项新发现可能会使宇宙飞船变得更轻。一种被称为“碳纳米管”的新材料可能会解决建造超级宇宙飞船的重量问题。这种材料的强度是钢的600倍。）可知，碳纳米管的特点是又轻便又结实。故选A项。
9．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“But we culd use carbn nantubes t make the skins f spacecraft. Things that are light in weight seem t wrk the best against these ins. The rays are stpped utside the spacecraft and new rays aren't made.”（但是我们可以用碳纳米管来做宇宙飞船的外壳。重量轻的东西似乎对这些离子最有效。射线在宇宙飞船外被阻挡，新的射线就无法产生。）可知，碳纳米管能有效地防止辐射。故选C项。
10．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Each sensr culd send messages t the cmputer “brain" f the spacecraft. If smething needed t be fixed, the cmputer culd tell the ship t d it.”（每个传感器都可以向宇宙飞船的计算机“大脑”发送信息。如果有什么需要修理，计算机可以告诉飞船去做。）可知，微型传感器被安装在新宇宙飞船上，可以让计算机知道该修理什么。故选D项。
11．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章大意，主要讲了美国宇航局制作新宇宙飞船的构想。以及第一段最后一句点明主旨“But NASA is trying t make a spaceship that is much better than ther ships.”（ 但是美国宇航局正在努力制造一艘比其他飞船更好的宇宙飞船。）可知，最适合的题目是美国宇航局试图制造一艘超级宇宙飞船。故选D项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“Waste srting is a cmplex phenmenn that can be an imprtant step tward a glbal circular ecnmy.”（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步。）和第二段“But srting f waste culd als mean participating in an activity that gradually weakens sustainable develpment by allwing unsustainable cmpanies t use recycling as a way t pretend they are sustainable.”（但垃圾分类也可能意味着参与一项活动，这项活动通过允许不可持续的公司利用回收来假装它们是可持续的，从而逐渐削弱可持续发展。），可知垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，是因为它意味着经济并且可能是一种逐渐削弱可持续发展的活动。故选B项。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“The incident led t an imprtant meeting, after which many cmpanies started including envirnmental factrs in their risk assessment.”（这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。），可知评估风险时包括环境因素。故选C项。
14．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“But at a time when we are lking at a transfrmative system change and glbal sustainability, there is a need t fundamentally rethink waste srting.”（但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际，有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类。），可知有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类，是因为应考虑变革性的制度变革和全球可持续性。故选B项。
15．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由第一段“Waste srting is a cmplex phenmenn that can be an imprtant step tward a glbal circular ecnmy. Maybe it even will be smething we will lk back n as ne f the first steps tward an eclgical sciety.”（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步。也许它甚至会成为我们回首生态社会的第一步。），第三段中的“The incident led t an imprtant meeting, after which many cmpanies started including envirnmental factrs in their risk assessment.”（这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。），第四段中的“But at a time when we are lking at a transfrmative system change and glbal sustainability, there is a need t fundamentally rethink waste srting.”（但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际，有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类。），第五段中的“In rder t ensure this, we need a resurce-efficient circular ecnmy, and waste srting can play a key rle. But that shuld be a very different kind f waste srting.”（为了确保这一点，我们需要一个资源节约型的循环经济，而垃圾分类可以发挥关键作用。但那应该是一种完全不同的垃圾分类。）和最后一段“China culd initiate the next generatin f waste srting systems. Such a waste srting system wuld be a driver fr innvatin and extreme resurce efficiency and a true step tward eclgical civilizatin.”（中国可以启动下一代垃圾分类系统。这样的垃圾分类系统将是创新和极端资源效率的驱动力，是迈向生态文明的真正一步。），可知文章主要讲可持续的垃圾分类有助于人类回归生态社会，所以文章的目的在于提倡更可持续的垃圾分类系统。故选D项。
16．答案：①-⑤AFECB
解析：①根据上文“Perfectinism is ne f the main reasns peple tend t believe their lives are meaningless. (完美主义是人们相信他们的生命毫无意义的主要原因之一。)”可知，此处内容与人们对生活的看法有关，选项A的代词They指的是上文的peple ，因此选项A“They see life as all -r-nthing. (他们认为人生要么全有，要么全无。)”符合题意。故选A。
②根据下文“S the cnclusin is bvius: mst lives are meaningless. (所以结论很明显：大多数生命都是毫无意义的。)”可知，此处与下文形成因果关系，内容与我们大多数人都是普通人有关，选项F中的mst f us与下文的mst lives是同范畴词，因此选项F“Hwever, mst f us aren't an Einstein r a Mther Teresa. (然而，我们大多数人都不是爱因斯坦或特蕾莎修女。)”符合题意。故选F。
③根据上文“But smething desn't need t be perfect t be fantastic. (但有些东西并不一定要完美才会很棒。)”可知，此处进一步补充了上文，内容与完美主义也存在问题有关，因此选项E“And there are actually a few prblems with perfectinism. (完美主义也存在一些问题。)”符合题意。故选E。
④根据上文“Peple wh are perfectinists abut the meaning f life ften dn't apply it t ther areas f their lives. (对于生命意义的完美主义者通常不会把它运用到生活的其他方面。)”可知，此处与上文形成因果关系，内容与完美主义者不把对生命意义的要求运用到生活其他方面带来的后果有关，选项C中的代词This指的是上文的现象，因此选项C“This leads t lts f duble standards. (这导致了许多双重标准。)”符合题意。故选C。
⑤根据上文“And that means they can nly lead t disappintment. (这意味着它们只会导致失望。)”和下文“It wuld be similarly dd t call ne f yur friends a huge failure because he can't achieve as much in a day as Superman. (把你的一个朋友称作一个巨大的失败者也会很奇怪，因为他一天之内不能取得超人那么多的成就。)”可知，此处内容与列举那些会失败的要求或者不现实的要求有关，因此选项B“We dn't expect a dg t drive a car. (我们不指望狗会开车。)”符合题意。故选B。
17．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：沮丧又失望，我拖着疲惫的身体走出办公室。A. drew吸引；B. accmpanied陪伴；C. dragged拖；D. fled逃跑。根据上文的“My presentatin was hrrible and bth the client (客户) and bss seemed nt satisfied. Disappinted and exhausted”可知，作者的工作让上司不满意，自己也很失望和疲惫，所以拖着自己疲惫的身体走出办公室，暗指作者心情沉重。故选C。
18．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天气非常热，我穿着我为这一天特别买的三件套西装，很热。A. trembling颤抖的；B. tired疲惫的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. biling炽热的，很热的。根据上文的“It was ht as hell”和下文的“in the three piece”可知，天气热得像地狱，作者还穿着三件套西装，作者应该非常热。故选D。
19．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我登上了一辆满载的公交车，无法忍受，所以我在下一站挤了下来。A. stand忍受；B. adjust调整；C. resist抵制；D. challenge挑战。作者登上了一辆满载的公交车，但在下一站就下车了，说明作者无法忍受公交车的拥挤。故选A。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续我的旅程，我拒绝脱下夹克，故意最大限度地减少我的挫折——“要下雨的话，就让它倾盆而下吧”是我的原则。A. drp掉落；B. pur倾倒；C. flat漂浮；D. fld大量涌入。选项中只有pur和rain可以联系，即“雨倾盆而下”，本句话是美国谚语“when it rains it purs (祸不单行)”的改编，表明作者对糟糕情况的妥协。故选B。
21．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我湿透了……”，我对自己说，想着换条路走。A. way道路；B. risk危险；C. measure测量；D. bus公交汽车。根据上文的“I saw a grup f kids frlicking (嬉闹) in the water”可知，作者看到小孩在玩水，生怕弄湿自己的衣服，所以在想能不能换一条路走。故选A。
22．答案：A
解析：考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：然后我注意到一个小孩拿着一支水枪，比其他人更用力地盯着我。A. eyeing注视；B. waving挥手；C. shuting at对……喊叫；D. shting at对……射击。根据下文语境可知，这个小男孩用水枪射了作者，所以此处讲的是小男孩（因为想要射作者）比其他人更用力地注视作者。故选A。
23．答案：C
解析：考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他在逃跑之前射中了我，在我的耳朵后面。A. in case万一；B. in that因为；C. befre在……之前；D. until直到。小男孩射中了作者，然后跑了，此处指在逃跑之前射中了作者。故选C。
24．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愣住了，又生气，朝小巷走去阻止他逃跑。A. ban禁止；B. blck阻挡；C. defeat击败；D. help帮助。根据上文语境和常识可知，作者被小男孩射击了，虽愣住了，但下意识的反应是朝小巷走去阻止他逃跑，肯定要问个明白。故选B。
25．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还击了，但他的枪比不上我的力量，所以他把水枪对准了其他几个孩子，他们被吓了一跳，最后因刚才发生的事陷入了寂静。A. excuse借口；B. distinctin区别；C. match敌手、旗鼓相当的人；D. qualificatin资格。根据上文语境可知，作者是成年人，所以孩子比不过作者的力量，be n match fr(比不上)。故选C。
26．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还击了，但他的枪比不上我的力量，所以他把水枪对准了其他几个孩子，他们被吓了一跳，最后因刚才发生的事陷入了寂静。A. pains痛苦；B. peace和平；C. stillness安静；D. tears眼泪。根据上文的“he turned his water gun n a few ther little kids wh were taken by surprise”可知，小男孩突然把枪射向其他几个孩子，那几个孩子很惊讶，所以对刚发生的事没反应过来，就陷入了寂静，暗自惊呆了。故选C。
27．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，整个街区似乎都卷入其中。A. upset心烦的；B. frightened害怕的；C. separated分开的；D. invlved卷入的，涉及的。根据上文语境和上文的“Then, I t turned my gun n these kids and befre lng we were in all-ut water warfare.”可知，小男孩突然把枪射向其他几个孩子，作者也把枪对准了这些孩子，不久他们就陷入了全面的水战，所以感觉整个街区都卷入水战之中。故选D。
28．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记不起上次打水仗了，如果我有，那就不会像这场比赛那么有趣了。A. shwer淋浴；B. perfrmance表演；C. fight斗争；D. cmpetitin竞争。根据上文语境可知，作者和孩子们在打水仗玩。故选C。
29．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：它激发了我内心的那个五岁小孩的记忆，帮助我意识到你可能无法控制失望，但你仍然可以让快乐进来。A. make ut辨认出；B. pick up捡起；C. put up张贴；D. bring ut激发。根据上文语境可知，作者和孩子们在打水仗玩，这激发了作者的童趣，所以作者觉得这场游戏激发了自己小时候的记忆。故选D。
30．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它激发了我内心的那个五岁小孩的记忆，帮助我意识到你可能无法控制失望，但你仍然可以让快乐进来。A. cntrl控制；B. ablish废除；C. lse失去；D. cancel取消。根据常识可知，人们是无法控制失望的。故选A。
31．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：它激发了我内心的那个五岁小孩的记忆，帮助我意识到你可能无法控制失望，但你仍然可以让快乐进来。A. success成功；B. jy快乐；C. expectatin期望；D. accmplishment成就。根据成就。由上文语境可知，作者工作让上司不满意，自己也很失望和疲惫，心情沉重，但和孩子们玩水枪射击后，作者玩得很开心，说明人虽不能控制失望，但可以变得快乐。故选B。
32．答案：①a②Althugh/Thugh/While③situatins④putting⑤In⑥which⑦heated⑧be settled⑨t allw⑩fully
解析：①考查冠词。句意： 在中国，无论刮风下雨，送餐员总是在车流间匆匆忙忙。此处in a rush为固定搭配，表示“在匆忙中”，故填a。
②考查连词。句意：虽然他们让我们的生活更加方便，但这也会让他们付出代价。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少一个连词引导让步状语从句，此处表示“尽管他们让我们的生活更加便利”，所以应用althugh/thugh/while引导让步状语从句，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
③考查名词单复数。句意：但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，比如红灯和限速。此处指的是没有考虑到实际发生的情况，所以“情况”不止一种，应用复数situatins做宾语。故填situatins。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：所以他们加速行驶，经常违反交通规则，不仅危及自己的生命，也危及他人的生命。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是speed up和break，空前没有连词，所以空处应该用非谓语动词，空处和其逻辑主语they之间是主谓关系，应用put的现在分词形式，故填putting。
⑤考查固定搭配。句意：作为回应，饿了么宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。in respnse意为“作为回复”，是固定搭配，此处位于句首，故填In。
⑥考查定语从句的关系词。句意：作为回应，饿了么宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a buttn，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
⑦考查形容词。句意：但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为有些人认为公司在分散注意力。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词debate，此处表示“激烈的争论”，heated意为“激烈的”。故填heated。
⑧考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：上海消费者委员会评论说，这一举动是不合理的，并补充说，应该解决公司和他们的员工之间的问题。根据空前的情态动词shuld可知，空处用动词原形；settle和prblems是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be settled。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间交付，一些用户认为这不会完全解决问题。此处表示“允许更多配送时间的能力”，the ability t d sth.是固定用法，意为“有能力做某事”，其中动词不定式作ability的后置定语。故填t allw。
⑩考查副词。句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间交付，一些用户认为这不会完全解决问题。分析句子结构可知，空处应该用副词修饰动词address，故填fully。
33．答案： Dear Carline,
This is my first time that I have invited yu t attend ur prgram —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students. Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it. As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt. If yu are available n this Sunday, I tgether with the whle Talk and Talk staff am waiting fr yur cming. I’d appreciate it if yu take my invitatin int cnsideratin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：1.词汇积累
参加：attend→participate in
建立：establish→set up
帮助：aid→assistance
许多：plenty f→a lt f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt.
拓展句：Yu are ur distinguished freign language teacher, whse aid can help us a lt.
【高分句型1】This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构)
34．答案： The man tuched Tess’s head and smiled. He tld Tess that the mney was the exact price f a miracle fr her little brther. He tk her mney in ne hand and he grasped her hand with the ther hand. He asked her t take him t where she lived. He wanted t see her brther and meet her parents. He tld Tess he had the kind f miracle she needed.
In fact, the man was a famus dctr. He prmised t help the pr girl. The peratin was cmpleted withut charge and it wasn’t lng befre Andrew went hme again. Tess’s Mm and Dad were happily talking abut the chain f events that had led them t this place. “That surgery was a real miracle. I wnder hw much it wuld have cst,” her Mm whispered. Tess smiled and she knew exactly hw much the miracle cst—ne dlar and eleven cents plus the faith f a little child.
解析：1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这个人摸摸她的头，笑了。”可知，第一段可描写这个人想帮助她，了解她家的情况。
②由第二段首句内容“事实上，他是一名著名的医生”可知，第二段可描写他帮助她的弟弟做手术，挽救她弟弟的经过。
2.续写线索：了解情况——去她家里——承诺帮忙——做手术——不收费——感悟奇迹是什么
3.词汇激活
行为类
①见面：meet/visit/pay a visit t
②.承诺：prmise/ ensure/guarantee
③完成：cmplet/finish/end
情绪类
①.高兴地：happily/merrily/jyfully
②.微笑：smile/laugh
【高分句型1】He asked her t take him t where she lived.（由连接副词where引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Tess’s Mm and Dad were happily talking abut the chain f events that had led them t this place.（由关系代词that引导限制性定语从句）