四川省射洪中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期第一次半月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份四川省射洪中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期第一次半月考英语试卷(含答案)，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Experience Cllege at Harvard
Challenge yurself in cllege-level curses. Meet new friends frm arund the wrld. Strengthen yur cllege applicatin. And, build imprtant life skills that can make yur future cllege experience a success.
Pre-Cllege Prgram
An intense and exciting glimpse int the cllege experience. During this intensive tw-week prgram, yu will take the first steps tward yur cllege jurney alngside a diverse grup f exceptinal high schl students.
●Challenge yurself in a cllege curse taught by Harvard teachers, withut the pressure f grades.
●Engage with yur peers in structured c-curricular activities, cllege readiness wrkshps, and scial events.
●Tw weeks, nn-credit
Secndary Schl Prgram
Immerse yurself in cllege life fr seven weeks! In this dynamic seven-week prgram, yu can earn cllege credit while experiencing first-hand what it’s really like t be a cllege student.
●Chse ne r tw cllege-level classes that explre deeply int subjects that really excite yu and may nt be ffered in high schl.
●Prepare fr the future as yu experience what it's really like t balance respnsibility with independence in ne f three prgram frms—nline, cmmuting, r residential.
●Seven weeks, cllege credit
Applicatin is nw pen fr bth high schl prgrams! See prgram calendars fr imprtant dates and deadlines.
T get ur updates, jin ur mailing list fr helpful infrmatin and imprtant deadlines. Start yur educatin jurney tday!
1．What d the tw prgrams have in cmmn?
A. All the learning activities take place nline.
B. They are required prcedures fr cllege applicatin.
C. They prvide the students with cllege-level curses.
D. Students can earn cllege credits after learning the tw prgrams.
2．Accrding t this passage, applicants can________.
A. start t apply fr bth prgrams nw
B. pay fr the prgram calendars frm tday
C. apply fr the prgrams thrughut the year
D. dwnlad a mailing list t get helpful updates
3．What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T raise mney fr Harvard Summer Prgrams.
B. T share the cllege learning experience with readers.
C. T intrduce the diverse curses in Harvard University.
D. T advertise Harvard Summer Prgrams fr high schl students.
Frm Santa Barbara t Sctland, strangers are becming friends by ging n bike rides tgether. They get paired up by Cycling Withut Age, an rganizatin that helps senirs g fr bike rides, even if they can’t pedal themselves.
Hugh Lyn and David Lawrence, wh are rughly 20 years apart in age, have been riding tgether fr years. The 56-year-ld Lawrence serves as a “pilt”, driving the trishaw—a bike with a passenger seat in the frnt that Cycling Withut Age uses fr their rides. They g fr rides abut nce a week ften discussing the histry f their twn.
“Despite my deceased parents, it gives me a cnnectin with peple frm an lder generatin,” said Lawrence “and I enjy spending time with them and hearing their stries.”
The pair have frmed a friendship utside f cycling. Lawrence said he calls Lyn ften and ges t the gym with him t help him with exercises he can’t d n his wn.
Ole Kassw, wh funded Cycling Withut Age, said that’s the pwer f the prgram. “The truly pwerful thing abut these bike rides is that they tie peple and stries tgether t create new relatinships,” he tld CBS News. “In my friendships—and the ability t frm new relatinships at any age—are what define a gd life, and ften als a lng and happy life.”
Jhn Bettner started the Santa Barbara chapter. He has ne rule fr passengers. “They say, ‘What des it cst if I’m ging t g fr a ride?’ I say, ‘Here’s what it csts: Yu have t wave. If yu dn’t wave, I’m ging t kick yu ut,’” he jked. He said he likes when they hit red lights, because it gives them a chance t cnnect with peple n the rad. “Driving the trishaw is the best advertisement fr Cycling Withut Age”, Bettner said, “When yu take a 101-year-ld wman fr a bike ride and she hlds yur hand tight and says thank yu and gives yu a kiss n the cheek, it desn’t get any better than that.”
4．What did Lawrence benefit frm Cycling Withut Age?
A. Picking up frgtten stries.
B. Imprving his health cnditin.
C. Understanding his parents’ lve.
D. Creating a relatinship with senirs.
5．Why did Ole Kassw mentin “friendships”？
A. T share the pleasure f cycling.
B. T state the nature f happiness.
C. T shw the value f the prgram.
D. T intrduce the definitin f a gd life.
6．What can we learn frm Bettner’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A. The prgram needs t be advertised.
B. Passengers have t pay fr their rides.
C. Red lights cnnect peple n the rad.
D. Bike riders feel fulfilled by ffering rides.
7．What is the best title fr this article?
A. Every clud has a silver liningB. Friendship n the wheels
C. Grw thrugh lifeD. Happiness is a jurney, nt a destinatin
Frm huses surrunded by impressive gardens t days spent explring sandy beaches and deep wds filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, British writer Gerald Durrell prvided a vivid accunt f his family’s time n the Greek island f Crfu in the 1930s.
Cme fr the attractive descriptins f Crfu landscapes and stay fr Durrell’s laugh-ut-lud tales f his unusual family. This bk, Durrell wrte humrusly in the intrductin, “was intended t be a nstalgic (怀旧的) accunt f natural histry, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake f intrducing my family”.
Durrell, later knwn fr his zkeeping and the preservatin f wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Crfu. He is the 10-year-ld Gerry in the bk—curius, passinate abut animals and a detailed stryteller f his strange family: his imaginative elder brther Larry with his literary ambitins, lvestruck sister Marg, sprty brther Leslie and his ever-calm, lving mther.
Durrell’s attentin t detail is what makes the bk s attractive, with every sight, sund and smell f the island brught t life. One minute yu’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk dwn t the daffdil-yellw huse, and the next minute yu’ll be catching yur breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Inian Sea: “Lying n my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, nly mving my hands and feet slightly, I was lking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf acrss the sky and wndering hw many stars it cntained.”
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult t classify, being ne part travel, ne part autbigraphy, ne part natural histry, and ne part cmedy, with a thread f descriptive language running thrughut that smetimes raises it nearly t petry.
As a real delight t read, it’s the perfect literary escapism (逃避现实) fr any adult r lder teenager wh is currently walking dwn a tugh rad in life.
8．Which wrd best describes Durrell’s life in Crfu?
A. Risky.B. Busy.C. Tugh.D. Diverse.
9．What des the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2?
A. I shuldn’t have intrduced my family.
B. I culdn’t help intrducing my family.
C. I gave wrng infrmatin abut my family.
D. I intrduced my family in a mistaken way.
10．What are paragraphs 4—5 mainly abut?
A. The bk’s writing feature.B. Durrell’s rich imaginatin.
C. Sme interesting plts f the bk.D. Sme vivid descriptins f the island.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A. T describe an unusual place.B. T share an experience.
C. T intrduce a writing style.D. T recmmend a bk.
Giant pandas are amng the mst lvable animals alive tday. Unlike their relatives, such as the plar bear, pandas dn’t eat meat but survive n a diet f nly bamb. S why and hw have pandas abandned their taste fr meat t pick up a vegetarian diet?
Pandas tday dn’t eat meat. Hwever, they’ve kept much f their meat-eating adaptatins frm times past. Their digestive systems have nt changed much frm their meat-eating days. Out f the huge 12. 5 kg f bamb they eat in a single day, nly abut 17% f it is digested. T survive, pandas eat large amunts f bamb while having a lw-metablic (新陈代谢的)，lazy lifestyle t make up fr the pr energy return.
The giant panda’s shift t a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivatin f a specific gene-Taslrl, which prvides them with the ability t taste certain amin acids (氨基酸) abundant in meat. Its inactivatin in pandas wuld lead t their dietary change.
Pandas have evlved t a great degree t cpe with their relatively recent bamb-eating lifestyle. Pandas must seize lng and thin pieces f bamb shts. T assist with this, they have develped a lng “fake-thumb” (伪拇指). S giant pandas have six fingers in each paw which prvides better supprt fr them t seize bjects such as bamb in ne paw quickly. Researchers have fund that the surface f the panda’s tngue is different. While ther bears and many meat-eating animals have smth tngues, pandas have evlved tiny prjectins(隆起物) n the surface f their tngues that serve t file dwn(锉平) fd. This is especially useful fr pandas as they remve the uter cver f bamb.
Time will tell if pandas will adapt and survive, g back t eating meat, r disappear in the wild. Whatever the future hlds, we can be grateful that, fr the time being, we get t share ur planet with these adrable animals.
12．Why are the numbers mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T illustrate the variety f fd.
B. T represent the evlutinary rule f pandas.
C. T describe the changes f living envirnment.
D. T shw the ineffectiveness f digestive system.
13．What caused pandas’ change in diet?
A. The lw-metablic ability.B. The amin acids in meat.
C. The Taslrl gene’s inactivatin.D. The supplies f bamb.
14．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Seizing bamb shts.B. The lw energy return.
C. Develping mre fingers.D. The vegetarian diet.
15．What is the text mainly abut?
A. Pandas’ adaptatin t the new envirnment.
B. Pandas’ evlutinary reasn and feature in eating.
C. Pandas’ unique lifestyle.
D. Pandas’ special appearance.
二、七选五
16．Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice. ① _________Psychlgists call this way f thinking a cgnitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency tward a specific mental mistake.
T study “jumping”, we examined decisin-making patterns amng mre than 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. We fund that jumpers made mre errrs than nn-jumpers n prblems that require thughtful analysis. ② _________In a quiz abut US citizens, they verestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly mre than ther participants did — even when their answers were wrng.
S what is behind “jumping”？ Psychlgical researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic system, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily and withut effrt, and cntrlled system including cnscius and effrtful reasning. Jumpers and nn-jumpers are equally influenced by autmatic thughts. ③ _________
It is the cntrlled system that helps peple cunter balance mental biases intrduced by the autmatic system. As a result, jumpers were mre likely t accept the cnclusin made at first sight withut further questining. A lack f cntrlled thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
④ _________ A methd called cgnitive training can be used t target their biases, which can help peple think mre deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their wn biases. They can learn abut the missteps and ther ways f thinking thrugh the prblem at hand. It helps t gradually get rid f participants’ vercnfidence.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead jump t a cnclusin is a frequent and imprtant ne. ⑤ _________Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
A. Happily, there may be sme hpe fr jumpers.
B. Als, jumpers had prblems with vercnfidence.
C. We plan t trace ther prblems intrduced by jumping.
D. But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins.
E. It is certainly pssible fr them t verthink things t take a decisin.
F. The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers.
G. Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake.
三、完形填空（20空）
As the train picked up its speed, the passengers slwly settled dwn n their seats. A windw seat is always my favrite. I 1 the lwer berth (铺位),s that I culd enjy the 2 f utside frm the mving train. I dn’t knw why I always preferred t get the 3 seat. An elderly lady 4 the frnt seat f mine. I lked at her She must be in her eighties, I guessed. At ne pint, we met ur 5 . She smiled at me and I gave her a respnse Bth f us were 6 . By that time, the train was in its full speed.
It was 7:00 pm, evening time. S, 7 time was still in a lng way, I culdn’t 8 myself any lnger and asked, ”Auntie Where are yu ging?”
She lked at me and friendly said, “ 9 camp, dear. ”
Suddenly my enthusiasm 10 t knw the reasn. I plitely said. “Auntie, yu are 11 smene?”
She smiled and said, “Yes!”
Just t cntinue the cnversatin, I talked t her in a very cheerful 12 "Auntie, yu must be feeling s 13 t see yur child and yur grandchildren. ”
14 , this questin hurt her a little but bldly she answered,
"Oh, dear! Yu are s sweet! Anyway, I had nly ne sn wh was 15 and was killed in a battle just a few days befre. I bught s many new clthes fr him. S, I thught why nt 16 my sn’s clthes fr sme ther sldiers, s that I wuld cntrl my 17 and wuld be happy thinking that my wn sn has 18 it. ”
I was shcked hearing her heartbreaking stry! But I 19 the ld lady frm the cre f my heart when I was thinking f her 20 heart!
17．A. preferredB. reservedC. verlkedD. substituted
18．A. beautyB. fantasyC. impressinD. miracle
19．A. backB. frntC. windwD. best
20．A. undertkB. ccupiedC. cntrlledD. pssessed
21．A. headsB. handsC. facesD. eyes
22．A. silentB. amazedC. cnsiderateD. cncerned
23．A. supperB. bedC. playD. chat
24．A. balanceB. cmmitC. excuseD. resist
25．A. CityB. NeighbrhdC. SchlD. Army
26．A. shrankB. acceleratedC. dubledD. chanced
27．A. murningB. visitingC. missingD. cnsidering
28．A. mdB. rhythmC. cnditinD. situatin
29．A. curiusB. tentativeC. excitedD. sincere
30．A. InsteadB. EventuallyC. HpefullyD. Perhaps
31．A. cast awayB. called upC. picked upD. brught in
32．A. distributeB. spareC. cllectD. share
33．A. thrillB. scareC. srrwD. delight
34．A. wrnB. fundC. dyedD. wrshiped
35．A. salutedB. recgnizedC. understdD. memrized
36．A. brkenB. fascinatingC. stubbrnD. brave
四、短文填空
37．Animatrs(动画片制作人) are bringing endangered native① _________ (language) back t life. The 3D animatins are part f Mnash University’s Wunungu Awara prject, ② _________ has already made 17 films telling stries frm all ver③ _________ cuntry in their traditinal languages. Prject manager Fred Lene said the wrk④ _________ (think) highly f “because withut language, the culture stps⑤ _________ (exist)”. Estimates f the number f native languages vary, but mre than 250 languages is a⑥ _________ (universal) accepted number. Hwever, nly arund 120 are still⑦ _________ use and abut 90 percent f these are endangered. If a language is nt being learned by children, it means it is in danger f⑧ _________ (extinct). The Wunungu Awara prject started in 2011 when funder, Jhn Bradley, ⑨ _________ (speak) t Yanyuwa elders and discvered they wanted a way⑩ _________ (preserve) the language and pass it n t the next generatin in a way that was interactive fr yung peple. “Hpefully, mre animatrs will jin in the effrt in the near future”, said Fred.
五、短文改错
38．假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Ms Smith,
I’m writing t ask whether yu culd d me favr. I’ve just finished an essay naming “Differences between traditinal Chinese and Western festivals”, s I’m nt sure whether it is well written. T be hnestly, I’m nt that familiar with sme traditinal Western festivals. That’s because I’m turning t yu fr help. I’d appreciate it if yu culd spare sme time t lk int my essay fr pssible mistakes and plish them. Als, I’m lking frward t yur valuable advices. My essay has been sending t yu alng with this email. I hpe it wn’t cause yu t much mre truble.
Thank yu in advance.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
六、书面表达
39．某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募动物代言人，希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物，为之代言。假设你是李华，有意参加该活动。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容如下：
1.表明有意参加该活动；
2.说明自己富有爱心，关爱动物；
3.打算为何种动物代言并说明理由；
4.希望申请成功。
注意：1.参考词汇：动物代言人spkespersns fr animals；代言speak fr。
2.词数120字左右。
Dear Sir r Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文中第一个项目中“Challenge yurself in a cllege curse taught by Harvard teachers, withut the pressure f grades.”(在没有分数压力的哈佛老师教授的大学课程中挑战自己。)以及第二个项目中“Chse ne r tw cllege-level classes that explre deeply int subjects that really excite yu and may nt be ffered in high schl.”(选择一到两门大学水平的课程，深入探索那些真正让你兴奋的科目，这些科目在高中可能不会提供。)可知两个项目都提供大学课程。故选C项。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段的第一句“Applicatin is nw pen fr bth high schl prgrams! ”(这两个高中项目现在都在接受申请。)可知，申请人现在可以申请这两个项目。故选A项。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了哈佛大学为高中生提供的两个高中项目，以及在项目同学们可以做些什么，收获什么，因此文章的目的是向高中生宣传哈佛的暑期项目。故选D项。
4．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Despite my deceased parents, it gives me a cnnectin with peple frm an lder generatin,” said Lawrence “and I enjy spending time with them and hearing their stries.”(劳伦斯说:“尽管我的父母已经去世，但它让我与老一辈的人建立了联系，我喜欢和他们在一起，听他们的故事。”)”可知，劳伦斯从“无年龄骑行”中与长辈建立了关系。故选D项。
5．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Ole Kassw, wh funded Cycling Withut Age, said that’s the pwer f the prgram.(Ole Kassw是“无年龄骑行”的创始人，他说这就是这个项目的力量)”及““The truly pwerful thing abut these bike rides is that they tie peple and stries tgether t create new relatinships,” he tld CBS News.(他在接受哥伦比亚广播公司采访时表示:“骑自行车真正强大的地方在于，它们把人和故事联系在一起，创造了新的关系。”)”及下文他提到友谊举例可知，Ole Kassw提及“友谊”是为了展示这个项目的价值。故选C项。
6．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““They say, ‘What des it cst if I’m ging t g fr a ride?’ I say, ‘Here’s what it csts: Yu have t wave. If yu dn’t wave, I’m ging t kick yu ut,’” he jked.(“他们说，‘如果我要去兜风，要花多少钱？’我说，‘这就是它的花销：你必须挥手。如果你不挥手，我就把你踢出去，’”他开玩笑说)”及““Driving the trishaw is the best advertisement fr Cycling Withut Age”, Bettner said, “When yu take a 101-year-ld wman fr a bike ride and she hlds yur hand tight and says thank yu and gives yu a kiss n the cheek, it desn’t get any better than that.”(“驾驶三轮车是‘无年龄骑行’的最佳广告，”博特纳说，“当你带着一位101岁的老妇人去骑自行车，她紧紧握住你的手，对你说谢谢，并亲吻你的脸颊，这真是再好不过了。”)”可推知，从Bettner的话中，我们可以知道，骑自行车的人会因为提供骑车服务而感到满足。故选D项。
7．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Frm Santa Barbara t Sctland, strangers are becming friends by ging n bike rides tgether. They get paired up by Cycling Withut Age, an rganizatin that helps senirs g fr bike rides, even if they can’t pedal themselves.(从圣巴巴拉到苏格兰，陌生人通过一起骑自行车成为朋友。他们被“无年龄骑行”组织配对，这是一个帮助老年人骑自行车的组织，即使他们不能自己骑自行车)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了“无年龄骑行”组织，这是一个通过骑自行车来帮助人与人之间建立友谊的组织。B选项“Friendship n the wheels(车轮上的友谊)”符合主旨，适合作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
8．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Frm huses surrunded by impressive gardens t days spent explring sandy beaches and deep wds filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, British writer Gerald Durrell prvided a vivid accunt f his family’s time n the Greek island f Crfu in the 1930s.(从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋，到探索沙滩和充满野生动物的深林的日子，在《我的家人和其他动物》一书中，英国作家Gerald Durrell生动地描述了上世纪30年代他一家在希腊科孚岛的时光。)”可知，Durrell在科孚岛的生活是多样的。故选D项。
9．答案：B
解析：句子理解题。根据语境和画线句前文“was intended t be a nstalgic (怀旧的) accunt f natural histry, but in the first few pages (本想成为一本关于自然史的怀旧书，但在头几页中)”和第一段提到的“British writer Gerald Durrell prvided a vivid accunt f his family’s time n the Greek island f Crfu in the 1930s”这本书生动地描述了作者一家人在科孚岛的生活可知，作者原本想写一本关于自然史的怀旧书，但是结果却写成了描述家人在科孚岛的生活的一本书，由此可推知，画线句“I made the mistake f intrducing my family”指的是作者“不由自主地介绍了自己的家人”。故选B项。
10．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Durrell’s attentin t detail is what makes the bk s attractive, with every sight, sund and smell f the island brught t life. (Durrell对细节的关注使这本书如此引人入胜，岛上的每一个景象、声音和气味都栩栩如生。)”和第五段“My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult t classify, being ne part travel, ne part autbigraphy, ne part natural histry, and ne part cmedy, with a thread f descriptive language running thrughut that smetimes raises it nearly t petry.(《我的家人和其他动物》很难归类，一部分是游记，一部分是自传，一部分是自然历史，一部分是喜剧，一种描述性的语言贯穿始终，有时几乎把它提升到诗歌的境界。)”可知，这两段主要介绍了这本书的写作特点。故选A项。
11．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“As a real delight t read, it’s the perfect literary escapism (逃避现实) fr any adult r lder teenager wh is currently walking dwn a tugh rad in life.(作为一种真正的阅读乐趣，对于任何目前正走在艰难人生道路上的成年人或年龄较大的青少年来说，这是一种完美的文学上的逃避现实的方式。)”可知，这篇文章的目的是为了推荐这本《我的家人和其他动物》。故选D项。
12．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Out f the huge 12.5kg f bamb they eat in a single day, nly abut 17% f it is digested.(它们一天要吃掉12.5公斤的竹子,其中只有17%能被消化。)”可知,熊猫进食量很大,但是吸收量很小,通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。故选D。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The giant panda's shift t a vegetarian diet is in line with the inactivatin f a specific gene-Taslrl, which prvides them with the ability t taste certain amin acids(氨基酸)abundant in meat.(大熊猫转向素食与特定基因Taslrl的失活相一致,该基因使它们能够品尝肉类中富含的某些氨基酸)”可知,熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。故选C。
14．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Pandas must seize lng and thin pieces f bamb shts.(大熊猫必须抓住又长又细的竹笋)”可知,熊猫需要抓住又长又细的竹笋,结合画线词下文中的“they have develped a lng 'fake-thumb'(伪拇指).(它们进化出了一个长长的“伪拇指”)”可知,熊猫为了抓住竹笋,所以长出了伪拇指,由此可判断,代词“this”指代的是“抓住竹笋”。故选A。
15．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第一段中“S why and hw have pandas abandned their taste fr meat t pick up a vegetarian diet?(那么,熊猫为什么会放弃吃肉,转而吃素呢?)”及第四段中“Pandas have evlved t a great degree t cpe with their relatively recent bamb-eating lifestyle.(熊猫已经进化到很大程度,以适应它们相对较新的吃竹子的生活方式)”可知,文章主要分析了熊猫饮食方面进化原因及特征。故选B。
16．答案：①-⑤DBFAG
解析：①根据上文“Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。
②根据上文“We fund that jumpers made mre errrs than nn-jumpers n prblems that require thughtful analysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“In a quiz abut US civics, they verestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly mre than ther participants did—even when their answers were wrng.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的概率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，承上启下。故选B。
③空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“autmatic system, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt, and cntrlled system including cnscius and effrtful reasning. Jumpers and nn-jumpers are equally influenced by autmatic thughts. (自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。
④空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A methd called metacgnitive training can be used t target their biases, which can help peple think mre deliberatively. In this training, participants are cnfrnted with their wn biases. They can learn abut the missteps and ther ways f thinking thrugh the prblem at hand. It helps t chip away at participants’ vercnfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。
⑤根据上文“In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur gut is a frequent and imprtant ne.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。
17．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我预定了下铺，这样我就可以在行进中的火车上欣赏外面的美景。A. preferred更喜欢；B. reserved预定；C. verlked忽略；D. substituted代替。根据后文“the lwer berth”可知，作者预定（购买）了下铺。故选B项。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我预定了下铺，这样我就可以在行进中的火车上欣赏外面的美景。A. beauty美（景、事物、人）；B. fantasy幻想；C. impressin印象；D. miracle奇迹。根据空前“enjy”和后文“ f utside frm the mving train”可知作者想欣赏外面的美景。故选A项。
19．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么我总是喜欢靠窗的座位。A. back后部；B. frnt前部；C. windw窗户；D. best最好的事物（或人）。根据上文提到的欣赏窗外的美景，可知作者喜欢靠窗的位置。故选C项。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位上了年纪的女士坐了我的前座。A. undertk承担；B. ccupied占用，占据（空间，时间）；C. cntrlled控制；D. pssessed拥有。根据后文“the frnt seat f mine”可知，这位女士坐了我前面的位置，即占用了座位。故选B项。
21．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：偶然间，我们四目相接。A. heads头；B. hands手；C. faces脸；D. eyes眼睛。根据后文“She smiled at me”可知，我们的眼神相对了。故选D项。
22．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们俩都没说话。A. silent沉默的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. cnsiderate考虑周到的；D. cncerned关心的。根据前文“She smiled at me and I gave her a respnse ”可知，我们只是礼貌地回对方以微笑，因此是沉默的。故选A项。
23．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：离睡觉的时间还早着呢。A. supper晚餐；B. bed床；C. play玩耍，游戏；D. chat聊天。根据前文“It was 7:00 pm, evening time.”及后文“ and asked”可知，作者认为现在还没到睡觉时间，并想通过聊天打发时间。故选B项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我实在忍不住寂寞，就问道，“阿姨，您这是到哪儿去呀？”A. balance平衡；B. cmmit犯（罪），承诺；C. excuse原谅；D. resist抵制。根据前文“I culdn’t”和后文“asked”可知作者无法抑制自己的好奇心。故选D项。
25．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看看我，友好地说：“我到军营里去，亲爱的。”A. City城市；B. Neighbrhd邻区；C. Schl学校；D. Army军队。根据后文“ my sn’s clthes fr sme ther sldiers”可知，这位女士的儿子也是一名士兵，所以她要去军营“army camp”。故选D项。
26．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顿时兴致倍增，更想刨根问底了。A. shrank缩小；B. accelerated加速；C. dubled翻倍；D. chanced冒险做。根据后文“I plitely said.”可知，作者在得知女士要去军营后又问了问题，因此作者的兴致倍增。故选C项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我礼貌地问，“您去拜访什么人吗？”A. murning悼念；B. visiting参观，拜访；C. missing想念；D. cnsidering考虑。根据后文“t see yur child and yur grandchildren”可知，作者问女士是不是去拜访某个人。故选B项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。为了继续谈话，我心情非常愉快地和她说话。A. md心境，情绪；B. rhythm节奏；C. cnditin条件；D. situatin情况。根据前文“in a very cheerful”可知，作者和女士聊天时，心情很愉快。故选A项。
29．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“阿姨，能看到自己的孩子和孙子，您一定很高兴”。A. curius好奇的；B. tentative试探性的，暂定的；C. excited兴奋的；D. sincere真诚的。根据后文“t see yur child and yur grandchildren”推测出，作者并不知情（女士的年轻儿子已去世），所以作者问女士，去看自己的儿子和孙子是否很兴奋。故选C项。
30．答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：听到我的问题，她似乎有些被戳到痛处，但她还是宽容地答道，“哦，亲爱的，你太好了。”A. Instead相反；B. Eventually最终；C. Hpefully有希望地；D. Perhaps也许。由于此时作者并不知情，所以作者从女士的反应上推测，觉得自己的问题也许伤害到了她。故选D项。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过，我只有一个儿子，他在几天前被征召入伍，在一场战斗中丧生。A. cast away丢掉，浪费；B. called up打电话，召集，使想起；C. picked up捡起，接（某人），不费力地学；D. brught in引进，生产，增加。根据后文“and was killed in a battle ”可知，女士的儿子被召集参军，并在一场战斗中丧生。故选B项。
32．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. distribute分配；B. spare拿出（时间、金钱等）；C. cllect收集；D. share分享。根据后文“my sn’s clthes fr sme ther sldiers”可知，既然儿子已经去世，作者想把原本给儿子买的衣服拿出来给别的士兵。故选B项。
33．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. thrill兴奋；B. scare害怕；C. srrw悲伤；D. delight高兴。根据空前“cntrl my ”和后文“ and wuld be happy”可知，通过把衣服送给别的士兵，这位女士可以控制自己的悲伤，并开心起来。故选C项。
34．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我就想，为什么不把给儿子的衣服送给其他的士兵呢，这样一来，我的悲伤或许会减轻一些，看到他们穿着这些衣服，就像我自己的儿子穿着一样，我一定会很高兴。A. wrn穿（wear的过去分词）；B. fund发现；C. dyed染色；D. wrshiped敬奉，崇拜。根据前文“my sn’s clthes fr sme ther sldiers”和 “thinking and wuld be happy thinking that my wn sn has ____ it”可知，作者让别的士兵穿上这些衣服，就觉得自己的儿子穿上了一样，想到这里就会开心。故选A项。
35．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：可是，我又从心底生出对这位老妇人的敬意。我想，她的心多么坚强呀！A. saluted敬礼，向……致敬；B. recgnized认出；C. understd理解；D. memrized记住。根据前文“I was shcked hearing her heartbreaking stry! ”和“But”可知，虽然这个故事本身令人心碎，值得同情，但是女士的做法和她跟我聊天时的状态，让我由衷地敬佩她的勇敢坚强，即我从心底向她致敬。故选A项。
36．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可是，我又从心底生出对这位老妇人的敬意。我想，她的心多么坚强呀！A. brken破碎的；B. fascinating极有吸引力的，迷人的；C. stubbrn顽固的；D. brave勇敢的。根据语境可知，女士虽然失去了儿子，但她依然去军营，把衣服送给别的士兵，而且宽容地、镇静地和我聊天，可以看出她有一颗勇敢坚强的心。故选D项。
37．答案：①languages②which③the④was thught⑤existing⑥universally⑦in⑧extinctin⑨spke⑩t preserve
解析：①考查可数名词的复数。句意：动画片制作人们正在让濒危的本土语言复活。结合句意可知，此处表示不止一种语言，故用名词的复数形式表示泛指，故填languages。
②考查定语从句。句意：这些3D动画是莫纳什大学Wunugu Awara项目的一部分，该项目已经制作了17部用传统语言讲述全国各地故事的电影。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mnash University's Wunungu Awara prject，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which，故填which。
③考查冠词。句意：这些3D动画是莫纳什大学Wunugu Awara项目的一部分，该项目已经制作了17部用传统语言讲述全国各地故事的电影。all ver the cuntry表示“遍及全国”，是固定短语，故填the。
④考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：项目经理弗雷德·利昂说，这项工作受到高度评价，“因为没有语言，文化就不复存在。”结合句意和said可知，此处用一般过去时，主语the wrk与think之间是被动关系，且主语为单数形式，故填was thught。
⑤考查动名词。句意：经理弗雷德·利昂说，这项工作受到高度评价，“因为没有语言，文化就不复存在。”stp ding表示“停止做某事”，故用动名词形式作宾语，故填existing。
⑥考查副词。句意：对母语数量的估计各不相同，但普遍接受的数字是250多种语言。此处用副词作状语修饰accepted，故填universally。
⑦考查介词。句意：然而，目前只有大约120种仍在使用，其中约90%处于濒危状态。in use表示“在使用”，符合句意，故填in。
⑧考查不可数名词。句意：如果一种语言没有被孩子们学习，那就意味着它有灭绝的危险。此处用不可数名词extinctin，表示“灭绝”作介词f的宾语，故填extinctin。
⑨考查动词时态。句意：Wunungu Awara项目始于2011年，当时创始人约翰·布拉德利（Jhn Bradley）与Yanyuwa的长者交谈，发现他们想要一种保护语言的方式，并以一种年轻人互动的方式将其传递给下一代。结合句意和discvered可知，此处用一般过去时，故填spke。
⑩考查动词不定式。句意：Wunungu Awara项目始于2011年，当时创始人约翰·布拉德利（JhnBradley）与Yanyuwa的长者交谈，发现他们想要一种保护语言的方式，并以一种年轻人互动的方式将其传递给下一代。此处用动词不定式作定语修饰way，故填t preserve。
38．答案：
Dear Ms Smith,
I’m writing t ask whether yu culd d me favr. I’ve just finished an essay “Differences between traditinal Chinese and Western festivals”, I’m nt sure whether it is well written. T be , I’m nt that familiar with sme traditinal Western festivals. That’s I’m turning t yu fr help. I’d appreciate it if yu culd spare sme time t lk my essay fr pssible mistakes and plish . Als, I’m lking frward t yur valuable . My essay has been t yu alng with this email. I hpe it wn’t cause yu t much truble.
Thank yu in advance.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：①考查冠词。句意：我写信是想问你能否帮我一个忙。此处的favr是可数名词，d sb a favr表示“帮某人一个忙”，故favr 前加a。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚写完一篇名为“中国传统节日与西方节日的差异”的文章，但我不确定它是否写得好。essay 与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故naming改为-named。
③考查连词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知前后是转折而非因果关系，故s改为but。
④考查形容词。句意：老实说，我对一些西方传统节日不是很熟悉。此处用形容词作表语，故hnestly改为hnest。
⑤考查表语从句。句意：这就是我向你求助的原因。that’s why…表示“这就是……的原因”，故because改为why。
⑥考查动词短语。句意：如果你能抽出时间来看一下我的文章，找出错误并对文章加以润色，我会感激不尽。lk thrugh表示“浏览、看”，lk int表示“调查”，故int改为thrugh。
⑦考查代词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处指代my essay，故them改为 it。
⑧考查名词。句意：期待你的宝贵意见。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故advices改为advice。
⑨考查语态。句意：我的文章已经和这封邮件一起发给你了。My essay 与send之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故sending改为sent。
⑩考查形容词。句意：我希望这不会给你带来太多的麻烦。根据句意可知此处并无比较意义，mre是多余的，故删除mre。
39．答案： Dear Sir r Madam,
I am Li Hua, a 16-year-ld girl currently studying in a high schl in China. Learning that yu are recruiting spkespersns t speak fr animals, I’m writing t apply fr a psitin.
The reasn fr my applicatin is that I really lve and care fr animals. I’m accustmed t feeding the abandned animals in my city. Whenever I see smene hurting them, I’ll persuade them t stp the cruel practice.
If I have the hnr, I wuld like t speak fr Tibetan antelpes. As is knwn t all, Tibetan antelpes are badly hunted fr their valuable wl. Cnsequently, the number f Tibetan antelpes has declined sharply. It’s high time we prtected the precius animals and make it knwn t everyne that they are f vital significance t bth nature and us humans.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd give me an pprtunity. Given the pprtunity, I will spare n effrt t perfrm my duty. I am lking frward t yur early reply.
Sincerely yurs,
Li Hua
解析：1.词汇积累
当下/目前：currently→presently
被遗弃的：abandned→deserted
荣幸：hnr→privilege
减少：decline→decrease
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, a 16-year-ld girl currently studying in a high schl in China.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, a 16-year-ld girl, wh is currently studying in a high schl in China.
【高分句型1】The reasn fr my applicatin is that I really lve and care fr animals. （运用了that引导的表语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s high time we prtected the precius animals and make it knwn t everyne that they are f vital significance t bth nature and us humans.（运用了It’s high time句型和that引导的宾语从句）