2024中考英语压轴专题训练-专题06阅读理解-说明文专练（含解析）

这是一份2024中考英语压轴专题训练-专题06阅读理解-说明文专练（含解析），共31页。
专题06 阅读理解-说明文
训练题01【2023·湖南怀化·中考真题】
In China, there are 24 slar terms (节气) in a year. And there are six slar terms in winter. They are beginning f winter, light snw, heavy snw, winter slstice (冬至), lesser cld (小寒) and greater cld.
Beginning f winter usually falls n Nvember 7th r 8th. On this day, after a year f hard wrk, peple are happy t have a rest and spend time with the family. The nrthern China celebrates beginning f winter as the “Small Spring Festival”. Peple usually have dumplings and muttn sup n that day.
Light snw usually falls n Nvember 22nd r 23rd and heavy snw usually falls n December 7th r 8th. When winter slstice cmes, it brings the shrtest days f the year and the lngest nights. Many places arund the cuntry can expect the cldest weather.
Greater cld cmes after lesser cld. The field is cvered with snw. And all Chinese are ready t welcme the Spring Festival after it. Of curse, a new rund f slar terms will start.
1．Hw many slar terms are there in winter?
A．Five.B．Six.C．Seven.
2．What d peple in the nrthern China usually have n beginning f winter?
A．Dumplings and muttn sup.
B．Ndles and fish.
C．Rice and chicken.
3．When des heavy snw usually fall?
A．On Nvember 22nd r 23rd.
B．On December 1st r 2nd.
C．On December 7th r 8th.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Beginning f winter.
B．The slar terms in winter.
C．Greater cld.
训练题02【2023·江苏徐州·中考真题】
Yu stand in a garden. A lw nise reaches yur ears. Yu see a small insect flying near yur head. Yu turn t lk, and it flies ut f sight. There it is again! Yu mve slwly. Yu can see yellw and black stripes n it.
Is it a bee? It lands n a flwer, and yu take a clser lk.
Bees fld(折叠) their wings nt their backs when they stp flying. But this insect’s wings reach ut like a fly’s. That’s because it is a fly—a flwer fly.
Many flwer flies lk like bees. This helps keep them safe frm animals that may want t eat them. Insects with yellw and black stripes usually have stingers(刺). Insect eaters, such as sme birds and frgs, need t get stung nly nce t knw that stripes mean truble. Flwer flies can’t sting, but insect eaters see the stripes and leave the flies alne.
Flwer flies spend mst f their time lking fr fd. Like bees, flwer flies eat pllen(花粉) and nectar(花蜜). This makes them easy t find in a garden full f flwers. They are helpful garden insects just like bees. Adult flwer flies mve pllen frm ne flwer t anther, which helps sme flwers grw int fruit.
Flwer flies can stay in ne place while flying. Mst insects mve frward when they fly. But flwer flies can twist their wings, much like hummingbirds d. Twisting keeps them in ne place, s they can remain ver flwers, leaves, r even yu!
1．In which part f a magazine can we prbably see this passage?
A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Fashin.D．Health.
2．In which way are bees and flwer flies different?
A．The fd that they eat.B．The clur f their stripes.
C．The way they help garden flwers grw.D．The shape f wings when they stp flying.
3．What des the underlined phrase “leave the flies alne” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make friends with the flies.B．Eat the flies up.
C．Keep away frm the flies.D．Invite the flies in.
4．What might the writer f the passage agree with?
A．Peple usually prefer bees t flwer flies.
B．Peple smetimes mistake flwer flies fr bees.
C．Peple shuld stp birds eating bees and flwer flies.
D．Peple shuld have beautiful gardens in their neighburhd.
训练题03【2023·湖北随州·中考真题】
Yu are always tld t wash yur hands befre yu eat. Yu knw yu must wash yur hands after ging t the bathrm. Yu shuld wash yur hands many times during the day. D yu knw hw t wash yur hands crrectly?
Always use sap t wash yur hands. After turning n the tap (水龙头) and wetting yur hands, yu can rub (摩擦) yur hands with sap. Sap may nt kill all the germs (细菌), but it can wash away the il n yur skin. As the il is washed away, the germs will leave yur hands and g away.
Yu shuld wash yur hands fr 15-20 secnds. Hw d yu knw the length (长度) f 15-20 secnds? Yu can sing ABC Sng. By the time yu get t the last nte, yur hands will be clean!
Rub yur hands tgether. Yu can use ne hand t rub the back f the ther hand and then exchange tw hands. Yu als need t rub between yur fingers. Dn’t frget t rub under and arund yur fingernails.
Maybe yur hands dn’t lk dirty, but there are germs n them. Germs are t small fr yu t see. They are n yur hands all the time. Many illnesses are caused by germs, s yu shuld ften wash yur hands.
1．Why des the writer mentin ABC Sng?
A．Because it is the mst ppular sng in the wrld.
B．Because everyne can sing this sng very well.
C．Because washing hands is as easy as singing ABC Sng.
D．Because yu can sing this sng t knw the length f washing hands.
2．The underlined wrd “nte” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．音符B．注释C．笔记D．便条
3．Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in the passage?
A．Using sap t wash yur hands.
B．Using a clean twel (毛巾) t dry yur hands.
C．Washing yur hands fr abut 20 secnds.
D．Rubbing under and arund yur fingernails.
4．Accrding t the passage, yu can knw ________.
A．why yu shuld ften wash hands
B．what the best sap peple usually use is
C．what kind f germs there are n yur hands
D．hw many germs there are n yur hands
5．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Hw t stay healthy.B．Hw t prtect yur fingers.
C．Hw t wash hands crrectly.D．Hw t keep away frm germs.
训练题04【2023·山东滨州·中考真题】
D yu ften ask questins? Children are knwn fr wanting answers t many questins because curisity (好奇心) is part f human nature. Bks and TV shws ften depend n curisity. Peple keep reading r watching because they want t find ut what happens.
As we all knw, curisity prvides many advantages. Many f histry’s greatest discveries were made by curius peple. Peple wndered hw things wrked and hw wrk culd be dne mre quickly. Thanks t their curisity, peple nw knw far mre abut the wrld and have useful technlgy t help them. Even if yu dn’t plan t be an inventr r researcher, curisity can still help yu in the classrm. If yu develp the curisity f learning, classes will becme mre interesting. Yu will be gd at them because yu enjy the prcess f learning. Even if yu’re n lnger a student, curisity will make yu an able wrker.
What will yu d if yu’re nt already curius? Luckily, curisity is a skill that can be imprved. Often, the mre yu learn abut a tpic, the mre interesting it becmes. T imprve yur curisity, get infrmatin frm as many surces (来源) as pssible when yu learn abut a tpic. At the same time, read all kinds f bks, watch r listen t speeches and ask questins. Dn’t always get infrmatin in the same way. Instead, learn t understand the facts that different peple knw.
Dn’t assume yu already knw everything. Instead, search fr ther pssibilities and pinins. Remember, everyne knws smething that yu dn’t knw. Find ut what it is, and ask abut it. This lets yu learn smething and makes the ther peple happy by sharing their knwledge. Let’s try t becme peple wh are full f curisity.
1．Children like t ask questins because ________.
A．they are brn with natural curisity
B．they dn’t knw abut the human nature
C．they are knwn fr reading and watching
D．they dn’t want t find the answers by themselves
2．What can curisity help yu in the classrm?
A．It can make yu cleverer than befre.
B．It can make the classes easier fr yu.
C．It can help yu enjy the prcess f learning.
D．It can help yu feel relaxed in the classrm.
3．Which can be helpful t imprve yur curisity?
A．Reading nly ne kind f bk.
B．Shwing thers yur knwledge.
C．Getting infrmatin in the same way.
D．Getting infrmatin frm as many surces as yu can.
4．What des the underlined wrd “assume” mean?
A．Wrry.B．Think.C．Wnder.D．Frget.
5．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Try t Be CuriusB．Make Others Happy
C．Learn t Ask QuestinsD．Great Discveries Made by Curius Peple
训练题05【2023·福建·中考真题】
Scientists have develped a way t read minds, translating unspken thughts int written wrds. It’s the first time it’s been dne withut having t put anything int the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given t a cmputer system that is able t “think” fr itself and carry ut tasks that usually require human intelligence.
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where bld runs, which shws the parts f the brain that are mst active. Peple taking part in the experiment (实验) listened t the radi fr 16 hurs as their brains were scanned. The AI tl learned t cnnect certain brain activity with wrds they heard. After that, each persn was asked t think f a stry, and the AI tl managed t pick up these thughts as they happened.
The results had abut a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), althugh the AI fund it hard t wrk ut the meaning f prnuns, such as he r she, her r him. Fr example, it turned “I dn’t have my driver’s license yet” int “She has nt even started t learn t drive yet.” It culd usually understand the meaning f what smene was thinking rather than the exact wrds. The AI was persnalized, s when it had learnt frm ne persn but it was tested n anther, it culdn’t understand their thughts.
The scientists, wh have been wrking n the technlgy fr 15 years, say they understand the risks f it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang tld a newspaper, “We want t make sure peple nly use these types f technlgies when they want t, and that it helps them.” The scientists hpe it will help peple with certain medical cnditins, wh are still awake but have lst the ability t speak, t cmmunicate nce again.
1．What des the underlined wrd “It” in paragraph 1 refer t (指代)?
A．A way.B．Anything.C．The brain.D．AI.
2．What is the main purpse f paragraph 2?
A．T describe the prcess f the experiment.
B．T explain the results f the experiment.
C．T ffer sme pinins abut the experiment.
D．T list the difficulties with the experiment.
3．What des the example in paragraph 3 shw?
A．The AI is much cleverer than peple.
B．The AI didn’t start the wrk as it was rdered.
C．The AI culdn’t understand the exact wrds f what peple thught.
D．The AI will be well develped accrding t peple’s special needs.
4．What can we learn frm the text?
A．It is nt difficult t take AI under cntrl.
B．AI will nt be used in a prper way in the future.
C．AI is s wise that it can treat peple with medical prblems.
D．It’s expected that AI will help thse speechless exchange ideas.
5．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．High Risks f Using AI.B．Mind-Reading Develpment.
C．Imprtance f Human Brain.D．Ways f Imprving Technlgy.
训练题06【2023·四川达州·中考真题】
Weekends, air cnditiners (空调), takeuts… are all cmmn things fr mdern peple. Have yu ever wndered if ancient peple enjyed the same lifestyles? Let’s take a lk.
1．Why were there n weekends in ancient times?
A．Because ancient peple were mre hard-wrking than mdern nes.
B．Because ancient peple didn’t use a weekly calendar.
C．Because the emperrs didn’t allw their peple t have a rest.
D．Because ancient peple wanted t make mre mney.
2．Hw many ways are mentined t stay cl in ancient China in the passage?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
3．Hw did peple in ancient times keep takeut dishes warm?
A．They put ht water between plates.
B．They lit candles under the dishes.
C．They cvered the dishes with thick clth.
D．They walked fast t deliver (送) the dishes.
4．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A．In ancient China, peple like farmers and businessmen wrked all year rund.
B．Ancient peple used bed mats made f silk t stay cl.
C．Alng the River During the Qingming Festival was painted in Sng Dynasty.
D．Mdern peple still have the same lifestyles as ancient peple.
5．Where can we read this passage prbably?
A．In a nvel.B．In a science bk.
C．In a histry magazine.D．In a cking bk.
训练题07【2022·湖北荆门·中考真题】
Funded in 1987 in Shenzhen, Huawei is a leading prvider f infrmatin and cmmunicatins technlgy(ICT) arund the wrld. With mre than 195,000 wrkers, the cmpany runs in mre than 170 cuntries and areas, serving mre than three billin peple.
As we all knw, there are tw perating systems(操作系统) used in smartphnes, Andrid OS and iOS. Fr a very lng time, mst f the smartphnes have been depending n Andrid OS, including Huawei’s smartphnes. Nw things are changing. Huawei has been creating its wn perating system—HarmnyOS r Hngmeng in Chinese. Hngmeng is a wrd frm the Chinese mythlgy(神话), symblizing(象征) the wrld befre HarmnyOS was created. S it means starting frm the very beginning.
First knwn t the public in 2019, HarmnyOS is an perating system fr different devices(设备). It has already been used in Huawei watches, laptps and s n ver the years. In December 2020, a beta versin(测试版) f HarmnyOS fr smartphnes came ut. Half a year later in June 2021, Huawei launched its self﹣develped HarmnyOS fr smartphnes.
Chinese tech lvers have lng been lking frward t the perating system develped by urselves. Industries including turism, educatin, hme devices and sprts have als welcmed HarmnyOS.
At present, Huawei encurages peple t test the system. The cmpany expects the number f devices using HarmnyOS t reach 300 millin by the end f the year. It’s hped that HarmnyOS will be a great mbile ecsystem.
1．What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A．Huawei has a histry f 45 years.
B．There are 170,000 wrkers in Huawei.
C．Huawei was started in the capital city f China.
D．Over three billin peple are using Huawei prducts.
2．What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t(指的是)?
A．The wrld. B．iOS. C．Andrid OS. D．HarmnyOS.
3．Paragraph 3 mainly talks abut ________.
A．the develpment f HarmnyOS
B．the effrts made by the cmpany
C．the difficulty in develping the system
D．the reasns fr develping the system
4．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．The Histry f Huawei. B．Huawei and Its HarmnyOS.
C．HarmnyOS fr Smartphnes. D．Different Kinds f Operating Systems.
训练题08【2022·山东东营·中考真题】
D yu knw yu have mre than 600 muscles (肌肉) in yur bdy? These muscles have different jbs. Keeping yur muscles healthy will help yu be able t walk, run, jump and d all the things yu lve t d.
What kind f muscles d yu have
When yu think abut yur muscles, yu prbably think abut the nes yu can cntrl. These are yur vluntary (随意的) muscles. They are cnnected t yur bnes (骨骼) and wrk tgether with yur bnes t help yu walk, run, pick up things r ride a bicycle. The muscles f yur muth and thrat even help yu talk! But there are als muscles yu can’t cntrl. They are yur invluntary (不随意的) muscles, such as yur heart muscle and smth muscles.
Why are healthy muscles imprtant
Healthy muscles let yu mve freely and keep yur bdy strng. They als help t keep yur jints (关节) in gd shape. If the muscles arund yur knee, fr example, get weak, yu will mre prbably injure (伤害) that knee. Healthy muscles als help yu keep yur balance, s yu less prbably fall.
Hw d yu keep yur muscles healthy
·Get at least 60 minutes f physical exercise every day. There are lts f activities yu can d fr yur muscles. Walking, jumping, dancing and swimming are all gd ways.
·Eat healthily. It will help manage yur weight and prvide different kinds f nutrients (营养素) fr yur muscles and health. Fr example, if yu dn’t get enugh irn, yu may feel weak and tired, because yur muscles dn’t get enugh xygen (氧气).
·Prevent injuries. There are many ways t help prevent muscle injuries. Fr example, ding warm-up exercises befre exercising may make the muscles warmer. Dn’t try t “play thrugh the pain.” If smething starts t hurt, STOP exercising r playing. When yu lift smething heavy, keep yur back straight and bend (弯曲) yur knees t lift it. This will prtect the muscles in yur back. Remember t drink lts f water while exercising, especially in warm weather. If yur bdy’s water level gets t lw, yu culd get dizzy (晕眩的) r even pass ut.
1．Which f the fllwing muscles are invluntary muscles?
A．Leg muscles.B．Muth muscles.
C．Thrat muscles.D．Smth muscles.
2．If the muscles arund yur knee are weak, yu culd _________.
A．pass ut B．get dizzy
C．injure the jint there D．feel weak and tired
3．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．If yur legs start t hurt, keep n exercising.
B．Eating healthily can nly manage yur weight.
C．Walking can give yur muscles gd exercise.
D．Lifting heavy things can’t injure yur back muscles.
4．Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in this passage?
A．Different kinds f muscles.B．The way t treat injured muscles.
C．The way t have healthy muscles.D．The imprtance f healthy muscles.
5．We may find this passage _________.
A．in a health magazineB．n a music website
C．in a travel newspaperD．in a gegraphy bk
训练题09【2022·重庆璧山·一模】
Pllutin inside hmes and ther buildings kills mre than 4 millin peple each year. Many peple die as a result f breathing smke r frm cking ver wd pwered r cal pwered stves.
One way t reduce the number f deaths is thrugh cking equipment (设备) pwered by the sun. Crsby Menzies, a slar pwer expert in a Suth African cmpany, described his latest slar cker called the “Sl 4”. “It is fur square meters f mirrrs, six t eight meters in length. It is quite a large cker.”
The “Sl 4” wrks by reflecting (反射) light frm the sun ff large mirrrs. The mirrrs direct (把……对准) the light at a cking pan. Then the light heats the pan with slar energy. Within tw minutes, the pan is ht enugh t ck sausages and nins. In just fur minutes, water can be biled. That is as fast as cking with natural gas r electricity.
The cker is als much “friendlier” than ther mdels because peple d nt have t stand in the sun t use it. And peple can prepare meals withut having t cllect firewd r spend mney n cal. Such individuals wuld be less likely t have breathing illnesses frm harmful smke.
At present, the cker nly wrks when the sun is shining. But engineers are wrking n a way t make it wrk withut sunlight.
Each cker csts abut $2,000, which is a large amunt f mney fr mst Africans. T slve that prblem, Crsby Menzies has created a nngvernmental (非官方) rganizatin called Slar Ckers fr Africa. It plans t raise mney thrugh dnatins (捐款) t prvide pr peple with slar cking equipment.
1．The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．cmparing factsB．sharing experiences
C．listing numbersD．giving reasns
2．The underlined wrd “individuals” mst prbably means “________”.
A．ckersB．pepleC．mirrrsD．experts
3．Which f the fllwing abut the “Sl 4” is TRUE ?
A．It is six t eight square meters f mirrrs.
B．It can wrk in any weather cnditin nw.
C．It can als heat the pan by lighting firewd.
D．It is mre envirnment-friendly than ther ckers.
4．Frm the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．the “Sl 4” will be designed in a smaller size
B．mre Africans can use the slar ckers in the future
C．the “Sl 4” is the first prduct f the Suth African cmpany
D．the African gvernment will prvide pr peple with slar cker
训练题10【2022·内蒙古·模拟预测】
T prevent the spread f COVID-19, different cuntries take different measures. Mst f them cpy China’s successful measures. It means peple are nt allwed t g ut f their drs withut the permissin (许可) frm the gvernment. Let’s see sme unusual ways f lcking dwn and quarantining (隔离).
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
Which cuntry’s measures are cpied by ther cuntries accrding t the passage?
A．Panama’s.B．Clmbia’s.C．Sweden’s.D．China’s.
2．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．In China, the gvernment allws peple t g ut whenever they want.
B．In Panama, peple can be away frm their hmes fr three hurs every day.
C．In Clmbia, peple with an ID number ending in 5 can leave the huse n Mndays.
D．In Sweden, peple can eat in the restaurants as usual.
3．Hw many cnfirmed cases were there in Panama when it tk strict quarantine measures?
A．Less than 16.B．Mre than 50.
C．Clse t 1,000.D．Clse t 4,500.
4．What des the underline wrd “sensibly” mean?
A．明智地B．礼貌地C．快速地D．宽容地
5．Where is the passage prbably frm?
A．A game shw.B．A news reprt.
C．A schl survey.D．A family letter.
题型训练
N weekendsIn ancient China, there were n weekends because peple did nt use a weekly calendar. But they culd still relax after wrk. During the Han Dynasty, fficers tk ne day ff every five days. During the Tang Dynasty, fficers wrked fr ten days and rested fr ne day. There were als many public hlidays in ancient times, such as Spring Festival, winter slstice and Mid-Autumn Festival. Peple like farmers and businessmen usually wrked mst f the year, but even the mst hard-wrking peple wuld take a few days ff during Spring Festival.
Smart ways f staying clIn ancient times, thugh peple didn’t have air cnditiners, they had their wn ways t get thrugh the ht summer. Peple cllected ice blcks in winter and stred them in an icehuse. When summer came, peple culd take the ice blcks hme and use them t make their rms cler.
There was a kind f pillw (枕头) made f prcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cl. Ancient peple als made bamb int bed mats (垫子) t sleep n. They’re still used tday.
Takeuts nt a new thingThere was takeut as far back as the Sng Dynasty. In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeut wrker can be seen with fd in hand.
Peple at the time even had special meal bxes fr takeut dishes. They als used warming plates made f tw layers (层) f prcelain. Ht water culd be put between them t keep dishes warm.
Panama
The central American cuntry, which has had clse t 1,000 cnfirmed (确诊) cases, has annunced strict quarantine measures t peple. Frm April 1st, peple will be able t be away frm their hmes fr tw hurs at a time, and n different ways. N ne will be allwed t g ut n Sundays.
ClmbiaIn sme Clmbian twns, peple are allwed utside based n the last number f their natinal ID number. Fr example, peple in Barrancabermeja with an ID number ending in 0, 7 r 4 are allwed t leave the huse n Mndays, while thse with an ID number ending in 1,8 r 5 can g utside n Tuesdays.
SwedenUnlike its neighbrs, Sweden is pretty relaxed abut COVID-19, even thugh there are clse t 4,500 cnfirmed cases in this small cuntry. The gvernment hpes peple will behave sensibly, and believes they will d the right things. Gatherings f mre than 50 peple aren’t allwed n Sundays, but schls fr children under the age f 16 remain pen. Restaurants can still ffer table service as usual.
答案&解析
训练题01【2023·湖南怀化·中考真题】
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了冬季的6个节气。
1．细节理解题。根据“And there are six slar terms in winter.”可知，冬天有六个节气，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The nrthern China celebrates beginning f winter as the ‘Small Spring Festival’. Peple usually have dumplings and muttn sup n that day.”可知，通常在这一天吃饺子和羊肉汤，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Light snw usually falls n Nvember 22nd r 23rd and heavy snw usually falls n December 7th r 8th.”可知，大雪通常在12月7日或8日，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“And there are six slar terms in winter. They are beginning f winter, light snw, heavy snw, winter slstice (冬至), lesser cld (小寒) and greater cld”可知，本文主要介绍了冬季的6个节气，故选B。
训练题02【2023·江苏徐州·中考真题】
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了花蝇的外观、生理构造及生活习性等。
1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了花蝇的相关知识，应该在杂志的“自然”部分看到此文章。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Bees fld(折叠) their wings nt their backs when they stp flying. But this insect’s wings reach ut like a fly’s. That’s because it is a fly—a flwer fly.”可知，蜜蜂停止飞行时把翅膀叠在背上，但花蝇的翅膀却是伸出来。故两者的不同之处在于停止飞行时翅膀的形状。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Insect eaters, such as sme birds and frgs, need t get stung nly nce t knw that stripes mean truble. Flwer flies can’t sting, but insect eaters see the stripes and leave the flies alne.”可知，带有黄色和黑色条纹的昆虫通常有刺，花蝇身上有黄黑条纹，虽然它身上没有刺，但是一些以昆虫为食的动物看到花蝇身上的条纹就会远离花蝇，故划线部分意为“远离花蝇”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Is it a bee? It lands n a flwer, and yu take a clser lk.”及“Many flwer flies lk like bees.”可知，花蝇的外观和生活习性与蜜蜂有些相似，所以人们有时会把花蝇误认为蜜蜂。故选B。
训练题03【2023·湖北随州·中考真题】
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手。
1．推理判断题。根据“Hw d yu knw the length (长度) f 15-20 secnds? Yu can sing ABC Sng.”可知可以通过唱歌知道洗手的时间，故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Yu can sing ABC Sng. By the time yu get t the last nte, yur hands will be clean!”可知，唱到最后一个音符，手就洗好了，可推测“nte”意为“音符”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Always use sap t wash yur hands.”，“Yu shuld wash yur hands fr 15-20 secnds.”和“Rub yur hands tgether.”可知，并没有提到用干净的毛巾擦干手，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“Many illnesses are caused by germs, s yu shuld ften wash yur hands.”可知，细菌可以导致很多疾病，所以要勤洗手，说明我们可以知道为什么要经常洗手，故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据“D yu knw hw t wash yur hands crrectly?”以及下文介绍的洗手方法可知，本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手，故选C。
训练题04【2023·山东滨州·中考真题】
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了好奇心是人类天性的一部分，好奇心有很多优点，并介绍了如何培养好奇心。
1．细节理解题。根据“Children are knwn fr wanting answers t many questins because curisity (好奇心) is part f human nature”可知孩子喜欢问问题，因为好奇心是人类天性的一部分。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Yu will be gd at them because yu enjy the prcess f learning.”可知好奇心会帮助你喜欢学习的过程。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“T imprve yur curisity, get infrmatin frm as many surces (来源) as pssible when yu learn abut a tpic”可知为了提高你的好奇心，当你了解一个话题时，从尽可能多的来源获取信息。故选D。
4．词义猜测题。根据“Dn’t assume yu already knw everything. Instead, search fr ther pssibilities and pinins”可知不要认为你什么都知道，相反，寻找其他可能性和看法，故此处划线部分意为“认为”，和think意义相近。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了好奇心是人类天性的一部分，好奇心有很多优点，并介绍了如何培养好奇心，故本文以“尽力保持好奇心”为标题最合适。故选A。
训练题05【2023·福建·中考真题】
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。
1．代词指代题。分析“They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given t a cmputer system that is able t ‘think’ fr itself and carry ut tasks that usually require human intelligence.”可知，他们使用了人工智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。此处It指的是AI，故选D。
2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Fr example, it turned ‘I dn’t have my driver’s license yet’ int ‘She has nt even started t learn t drive yet.’ It culd usually understand the meaning f what smene was thinking rather than the exact wrds.”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理解人们在想什么，而不是确切的话语。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have develped a way t read minds, translating unspken thughts int written wrds.”和“The scientists hpe it will help peple with certain medical cnditins, wh are still awake but have lst the ability t speak, t cmmunicate nce again.”可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字，科学家们希望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交流。由此可知，预计人工智能将帮助那些哑口无言的人交流思想。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。
训练题06【2023·四川达州·中考真题】
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍古代人的生活方式。
1．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, there were n weekends because peple did nt use a weekly calendar.”可知，在中国古代，没有周末，因为人们不使用周历。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Peple cllected ice blcks in winter and stred them in an icehuse. When summer came, peple culd take the ice blcks hme and use them t make their rms cler. There was a kind f pillw (枕头) made f prcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cl. Ancient peple als made bamb int bed mats (垫子) t sleep n.”可知，文章提到了三种中国古代保持凉爽的方法，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“They als used warming plates made f tw layers (层) f prcelain. Ht water culd be put between them t keep dishes warm.”可知，他们还使用由两层瓷器制成的加热板，可以在它们之间放热水来保持盘子的温暖。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival”可知，《清明上河图》绘于宋代，故选C。
5．推理判断题。本文介绍古代人的生活方式，由此推知可能在历史杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C。
训练题07【2022·湖北荆门·中考真题】
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。
1．细节理解题。根据“With mre than 195,000 wrkers, the cmpany runs in mre than 170 cuntries and areas, serving mre than three billin peple.”可知，华为公司拥有19.5万多名员工，业务遍及170多个国家和地区，为30多亿人提供服务。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“Hngmeng is a wrd frm the Chinese mythlgy(神话), symblizing(象征) the wrld befre HarmnyOS was created. S it means starting frm the very beginning.”可知，鸿蒙是中国神话中的一个词，象征着鸿蒙系统创建之前的世界，所以这意味着从头开始。此处it指的是“鸿蒙系统”。故选D。
3．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段介绍了鸿蒙系统的发展，故选A。
4．最佳标题题。分析文章内容可知，本文主要介绍华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。故选B。
训练题08【2022·山东东营·中考真题】
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文介绍了肌肉的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据“But there are als muscles yu can’t cntrl. They are yur invluntary (不随意的) muscles, such as yur heart muscle and smth muscles.”可知，有你无法控制的肌肉，它们是你的不随意肌，比如你的心脏肌肉和平滑肌，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“If the muscles arund yur knee, fr example, get weak, yu will mre prbably injure (伤害) that knee.”可知，如果你膝盖周围的肌肉变得虚弱，你就更有可能伤到膝盖，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“Get at least 60 minutes f physical exercise every day. There are lts f activities yu can d fr yur muscles. Walking, jumping, dancing and swimming are all gd ways.”可知，散步也可以很好地锻炼肌肉。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“What kind f muscles d yu have”；“Why are healthy muscles imprtant”以及“Hw d yu keep yur muscles healthy”可知，文中没有提到治疗肌肉受伤的方法，故选B。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了肌肉的相关信息。结合选项，文章最可能出现在健康杂志上。故选A。
训练题09【2022·重庆璧山·一模】
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种可以通过太阳能来烹饪的设备及其工作原理。目前，该设备只是在阳光灿烂的时候工作，但工程师们正在努力工作，使它在没有阳光的情况下也能工作。
1．细节理解题。根据“Pllutin inside hmes and ther buildings kills mre than 4 millin peple each year.”（家庭和其他建筑物内的污染每年导致400多万人死亡。）可知作者以列举数字开始这篇文章。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“And peple can prepare meals withut having t cllect firewd r spend mney n cal.”及“wuld be less likely t have breathing illnesses frm harmful smke.”可知，这里的individuals是主语，表示使用这种灶具的peple“人”也不太可能因有害烟雾而患呼吸疾病。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The cker is als much ‘friendlier’ than ther mdels because peple d nt have t stand in the sun t use it. And peple can prepare meals withut having t cllect firewd r spend mney n cal. Such individuals wuld be less likely t have breathing illnesses frm harmful smke.”（这种炊具也比其他型号“友好”得多，因为人们不用站在阳光下使用它。人们可以在不必捡柴火或花钱买煤的情况下做饭。这些人不太可能因有害烟雾而患上呼吸疾病。）可知，这种新灶具比其他炊具更环保。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据“T slve that prblem, Crsby Menzies has created a nngvernmental (非官方) rganizatin called Slar Ckers fr Africa. It plans t raise mney thrugh dnatins (捐款) t prvide pr peple with slar cking equipment.”（为了解决这个问题，克罗斯比·孟基斯创建了一个名为“非洲太阳能炊具”的非官方组织。它计划通过捐赠筹集资金，为穷人提供太阳能烹饪设备。）可以推断出未来会有更多的非洲人用上太阳能炊具。故选B。
训练题10【2022·内蒙古·模拟预测】
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文介绍了如何防止新冠病毒的传播。
1．细节理解题。根据“Mst f them cpy China’s successful measures.”可知，中国的措施被其他国家效仿了。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Restaurants can still ffer table service as usual.”可知，在瑞典，人们可以像往常一样在餐馆吃饭。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“The central American cuntry, which has had clse t 1,000 cnfirmed (确诊) cases, has annunced strict quarantine measures t peple.”可知，这个中美洲国家已经有近1000例确诊病例，已宣布对人们采取严格的隔离措施。故选C。
4．词义猜测题。根据“and believes they will d the right things.”相信他们会做正确的事情可知，这里的sensibly应该是“明智地”的意思。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“Let’s see sme unusual ways f lcking dwn and quarantining (隔离).”及下文的介绍可知，本文应该来自于新闻报道。故选B。