译林版英语九年级上册第二单元Unit2知识点

这是一份译林版英语九年级上册第二单元Unit2知识点，共16页。
Unit2 Colours知识点I'm going to visit our new neighbours.我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。解析：visit，动词，意为“参观，拜访，访问”，visit our new neighbours意为“拜访我们的新邻居”。名词形式为visitor，意为“访问者，参观者”。如：➢ They are visiting Shanghai.他们正在参观上海。提醒：visit后面常接参观的地方或拜访的人。固定短语: visit sp. 参观某地； visit sb. 拜访某人。如：➢ I'm going to visit my aunt.我打算去拜访我的姑妈➢ Many tourists visit China every year.每年有许多游客参观中国。拓展：visit还可作名词,意为“访问,参观”。如：➢ They go on a visit to the seaside.他们去海边参观。I'm afraid they won't welcome visitors like you.恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样的客人。解析：afraid，形容词，意为“害怕的，担心的”，“I'm afraid...”用于表示礼貌或正式的道歉或表示遗憾、对不起、担心等，一般作插入语。如：➢ I'm afraid I must leave.恐怕我必须离开了。拓展：① “I'm afraid not. ”意为“恐怕不行。”，表示认为对方所说的事可能不会发生，是委婉的否定。如：➢ Would you like to go shopping with me?你想和我一起去购物吗?I'm afraid not. I have to do my homework.恐怕不行。我得做我的家庭作业。解析：like，介词，意为“像，类似；像....一样”，不能单独使用,要与动词连用。固定短语： be like像；look like看起来像；seem like 仿佛,似乎。如：➢ The sun is like a great ball of fire.太阳像个巨大的火球。➢ He is only 10 years old, but he looks like an adult.他只有10岁,但他看起来像个成年人。waiter 服务员解析：waiter，名词，意为“(餐馆等的)服务员”，是由动词wait加后缀er构成的,其对应词为waitress，意为“女侍者，女服务员”。如：➢ “This way, please.” says the waiter.服务员说：“请这边走。”拓展：与waiter和waitress构词方式类似的词汇： actor(演员) - actress(女演员)；host(主持人) - hostess(女主持人)。I live in a flat in City Garden in Ninth Street.我住在第九大街城市花园的一所公寓里解析：a flat in City Garden in Ninth Street意为“在第九大街城市花园的一所公寓”。英语中地点状语的排列顺序与汉语中截然相反，即小地点在前、大地点在后。另外，书写时要注意地名、城市名、国家名等专有名词的首字母须大写。如：➢ ---Where does he live? 他住在哪里?---He lives in Flat 1188，Hilton Building，Shanghai，China.他住在中国上海希尔顿大厦1188号公寓。Some people believe that colours can influence our moods.一些人认为颜色能影响我们的情绪。解析：influence在这里是及物动词，意为“影响”。例：Who influenced him to do that? 谁影响他做那件事的?拓展：influence n. 影响，感化，是不可数名词；n. 有影响的人或事物。例：He is a good influence on my son. 他是对我儿子起好影响的人。固定搭配：have an influence/effect on sb/sth 对某人/某物有影响；under the influence of ... 在...的影响下。例：Our English teacher has a strong infuence on us.我们的英语老师对我们有强大的影响力。辨析：influence, affect一言辩异：A teacher affects eternity；he can never tell where his influence stops.教师的影响是永恒的，他的影响之深远是无法估计的。In fact，colours can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad，energetic or sleepy.实际上，颜色能改变我们的心情，使我们觉得快乐或悲伤、精力充沛或昏昏欲睡。解析：sleepy是形容词，意为“困倦的，瞌睡的”。例：I began to feel a bit sleepy. 我开始感觉到有点儿困。拓展：Sleep v. 睡觉；n. 睡眠，是不可数名词；sleepily adv. 困倦地，昏昏欲睡地。辨析：sleepy，sleeping，asleep一言辩异：While I was reading，he was asleep. But I didn't know when I went to sleep.他在我看书时睡着了。但我不知道我是什么时候睡着的。It brings peace to our mind and body.它给我们的心灵和身体带来平静。解析：mind在这里做名词，意为“想法，头脑理智，心情”等。例：Amy changed her mind at last. 最后埃米改变了她的想法。Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。拓展：mind v. 介意，在乎，反对，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，其后通常接名词、代词或动词-ing，形式做宾语。含mind的常用句型有：① Do/Would you mind doing sth ? 常用来表示客气地提出要求。Do/Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意把窗户打开吗?② Do you mind one's doing sth? 常用来提出询问，征求对方意见。Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟行吗?这两个句型可用 Do/ Would you mind if...？进行改写。如上面的两个例句可分别改写为：Would you mind if I opened the window?Do you mind if I smoke here?固定搭配：never mind不要紧； change one's mind 改变某人的主意；make up one's mind做出决定； keep...in mind 记住......注意：在回答带mind的这类问句时，应注意：如表示同意，常用“No,not at all /Cerainly not./Of course not.”等回答，意为“不介意”；如表示反对，常用“Certainly. /Of course./I'm sorry, but.../I’m afraid......”等来缓和语气，有时也可用“I’d rather you wouldn't ./I wish you wouldn't.”等拒绝。Blue can also represent sadness, so you may say“I'm feeling blue”when you are feeling sad. 蓝色也代表伤心，所以当你感到伤心时，你可以说“我感觉很郁闷”。解析：sadness是名词，意为“悲哀，优伤”。What's the reason for his sadness ? 他为什么悲伤?拓展：sad adj. 悲伤的，悲哀的，在句子中做表语或定语。例：John is sad because his dog died. 约翰因为他的狗死了而悲伤。sadly adu. 悲伤地，悲哀地，修饰动词，放在动词之后。例：The boy said sadly,“I didn't pass the exam”这个男核悲伤地说：“我没通过考试。”Many women like to wear white on their wedding day.许多女人喜欢在婚礼上穿白色衣服。解析：表示在某一天或某一天的上、下午或晚上应用介词on。例：My mum often goes shopping on Saturday evening.我的妈妈经常在星期六晚上去购物。He was borm on the night of September 25，2001.他出生于2001年9月25日的晚上。It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad.当你感觉伤心时它能让你振作起来。解析：cheer up属于"动词+副词"型短语，意思是“使振作起来”，后可接名词或代词做宾语，此名词可以放在cheer up的后面或中间，而代词只能放在动词与副词之间。例：She cheered up at once when I promised to help her with her Maths.当我答应帮她学数学时，她立刻振作起来。Yellow is the colour of the sun，so it can remind you of a warm sunny day.黄色是太阳的颜色，因此它能使你想起温暖、阳光明媚的一天。解析：remind是及物动词，意为“提醒；使想起”例：This song reminded me of my hometown.这首歌使我想起了我的家乡。固定搭配：remnind sb of sb/sth使某人想起某人/某物; rermind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事。If you require strength in either body or mind,red may be of some help to you.如果你的身体或大脑需要力量，红色或许可以给你一些帮助。解析：require 是及物动词，意为“需要，要求”。拓展：require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事;require that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事require doing/ require to be done 需要被做。例：The teacher requires us to finish our homework on time.老师要求我们按时完成家庭作业。Red is the colour of heat. 红色是热量的颜色。解析：heat意为“热”，是不可数名词。例：The heat of the water caused the glass to shatter. 水的热度使玻璃杯裂开了。拓展：heat还可以做动词，意为“变热，加热”，其形容词为hot。例：Heat the milk until it boils. 把牛奶煮沸。It's a hot day. 天气真热。This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision.当你犹豫不决的时候，红色可以有助于你做决定。解析：difficulty意为“困难；费力”时，是不可数名词；意为“(种种)困难”时，是可数名词。固定搭配：have difficulty with sth相当于have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事费劲；with difficulty 困难地，吃力地；without dfficulty不费事地，轻易地。例：I'm having difficulty with the work. 我做这项工作有困难。Do you have any difficulty in understanding English? 你在英语理解方面有闲难吗?too tired to move 太累不能动解析：“too +adj. /adv. + to do sth”意为“太......而不能做某事”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的，因此动词不定式之前一般不加否定词not。例：He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，还不能上学。拓展： 在too.... to....结构中，如果要指出动词不定式的逻辑主语，则用too...for sb to...结构。例：This Maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难了，我解不出来。 在too.... to....结构中，如果too前面有not,never,only等词，此结构表示肯定意义。例：One is never too old to learm. 活到老，学到老。She hopes that yellow can bring her success.她希望黄色能带给她成功。解析：success是名词，意为“成功，成就；成功的人或事”，a great scccess意为“非常成功”。例：Failure is the mother of succss. 失败乃成功之母。拓展：succeed vi.成功；successful adj.成功的；sccessfully adv.成功地。She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck.她相信黄色能带给她好运。解析：luck是不可数名问，意为“机会，运气，机遇”，bring sb good luck给某人带来好运。例：Good luck to you! (祝你)好运!I'll try my luck. 我要试试我的运气。固定搭配：have good luck in交好运；have bad luck in倒霉；try one's luck碰碰运气；be down on one's luck (因不走运而)穷困潦倒。拓展：lucky adj.幸运的；luckily adu.幸运地；unluckily adu.不幸地。I think colours influence our everyday lives in many ways.我认为颜色在许多方面影响我们的日常生活。解析：everyday是形容词，意为“每天的，日常的”，相当于daily.例：In my everyday / daily life,I have very rmuch contact with teenagers.在我的日常生活中，我与青少年有很多接触。辨析：everyday，every day一言辨异：We use everyday English at school every day.我们每天在学校都使用日常英语。My mum says blue is suitable for bedrooms.我妈妈说蓝色适合卧室。解析：suitable是形容词，意为“合适的；适宜的”。固定搭配：be suitable for意为“适合...”，表示适合于某种要求、目的或工作，也可指“适合某人”。例：The CDs are suitable for children to watch. 这些光盘适合儿童观看。拓展：suit v. 适合,相称；n. 一套(衣服)。例：Do white clothes suit me?白色衣服适合我吗?A man's suit consists of a coat，a vest and trousers.一套男装包含外套，马甲和裤子。Anyway, we should choose the colour which makes us feel comfortable.不管怎样，我们应该选择让我们感觉舒服的颜色。解析：句中“which makes us feel comfortable”是定语从句，修饰名词colour，其中which是引导词，在定语从句中做主语。例：I like the movies which are about Chinese history.我喜欢关于中国历史的电影。Is the sports bag made of cotton?运动包是棉质的吗?解析：be made of意为“由......制成”。例：The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。辨析：be made of，be made from，be made inbe made of 意为 “由......制成”，介词of后所接的制成品能看出原材料；be made from意为“由......制成”，介词from后所接的制成品不能看出原材料；be made in意为“在某地制造”，介词in后接表示地点的名词。例：These wine bottles are made of glass.这些前荷酒瓶是用玻璃做的。This kind of wine is made from grapes.这种酒是葡萄做的。These TV sets are made in Nanjing.这些电视机是在南京制造的。Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates?我应该待在家里而不是和同学们去购物吗?解析：instead of表示“代替，取代，而不”，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或介词短语等。例：We went there on foot instead of by bus. 我们是步行去那里的，而不是乘公交车去的。拓展：instead做副词，意为“代替，顶替，而是”，常表示转折或对比关系。通常放在句末，有时也可单独使用，放在句首。例：1 don't like coffee. Give me tea instead.我不喜欢咖啡。给我茶吧。Did the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple?古代欧洲的统治者喜欢穿紫色衣服吗?解析：Europe是不可数名词，意为“欧洲”。例：Have you been to Europe? 你去过欧洲吗?拓展：European n.欧洲人；adj.欧洲(人)的。例：Germans are Europeans. 德国人是欧洲人。France is a European country. 法国是一个欧洲国家。Discover how the power of colours can change your moods and improve your life! 发现颜色的力量能怎样改变你的情绪并改善你的生活！解析：discover是及物动词，意为“发现，发觉"。例：He discovered a box hidden under the floor.他发现了一个藏在地板下的箱子。辨析：discover，invent，find一言辨异：Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light.吉尔伯特发现了电，但是爱迪生发明了电灯。解析：improve是及物动词，意为“提高，改进，改善”。例：I hope you can improve your English.我希望你能提高你的英语水平。固定搭配：improve on/upon... 意为“对...进行改进”。例：We improved on the machine.我们对这台机器进行了改进。拓展：improvement是名词，意为“改善,改进;改进的事物”。例：After correcting the mistakes, we can find the improvement in his composition.改正错误后，我们能够发现他的作文有了很大的提高。We promise that this therapy can help you change your moods, or you will get your money back!我们承诺这种疗法可以帮助你改变情绪，否则全额退款!解析：promise意为“承诺，允诺"，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。例：I have promised to take her to the cinema tomrrow.我已经答应明天带她看电影。拓展：promise sth答应某事；promise (sb) to do sth答应(某人)做某事；“promise + that从句”意为“答应.....”She has practised colour therapy since she left college.自从她大学毕业，她就从事颜色疗法。解析：practise是及物动词，意为“练习;操练;实践"，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。例：The students are practising playing football on the playground.学生们正在操场上练习踢足球。拓展：practice为不可数名词，意为“练习:实习”。例：We talk English together for practice. 我们一起练习说英语。If you feel stressed, eat more green vegetables.如果你感觉有压力，多吃绿色蔬菜。解析：stressed是形容词，意为“紧张的,有压力的"。feel stressed（out）意为“感到紧张，感到有压力”。例：I always feel stressed when testing.测试时我总是感到紧张。拓展：stress n.紧张，压力，既可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词。例：Stress made Amy ill. 压力使埃米病倒了。Stresses and strains of work make Daniel ill.工作的紧张和压力使丹尼尔病倒了。She suggests different clothes to different people.她建议不同的人穿不同的衣服。解析：suggest 是及物动词，意为“建议”，常用于以下结构：拓展：suggestion是可数名词，意为“建议，意见”。a suggestion相当于a piece of advice ；some suggestions相当于some advice.例：I bought it at my wife's suggestion.我是按照我妻子的主张把它买下来的。辨析：sugest, advise一言辨异：The doctor advised me to give up smoking and I think 1 should take his advice /suggestion.医生建议我戒烟，我想我应该接受他的建议。You should think of the sun. 你应该想起太阳。解析：think of意为“想起,记起;考虑”，有时可与think about互换。例：Are you still thinking of/ about moving to the south?你还在考虑搬到南方吗?拓展：She will give you free clothes. 她会给你免费的衣服。解析：free是形容词，在这里意为“免费的，免税的”。be free from免受，摆脱了......的。例：This is a free school. 这是一所免费学校。The man is never free from danger.这个人永远摆脱不了危险。拓展：free adj. 自由的;空闲的,空余的，反义词是busy。例：Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空吗? freely adu. 自由地;坦然地;欣然地。例：Look! The birds can find food freely. 看!这些鸟儿可以自由觅食， freedomn. 自由。I'd rather wear orange. 我宁愿穿橙色的。解析：would rather do sth 意为“宁愿/更喜欢做某事”。例：I would rather play basketball with my fiends. 我更喜欢和朋友们一起打篮球。拓展：would rather...than... 宁愿...而不愿...如果表示否定意义，not应放在rather 之后、动词原形之前。例：I'd rather stay than go. 我宁愿留下来也不愿离去。I'd rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。She'd rather not go to the cinema with us. 她不愿和我们起去看电影。In many places, baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls in pink.在许多地方，小男孩穿蓝色，小女孩穿粉色。解析：baby boys和baby girls都是复合名词，名词baby做定语修饰后面的主体词。复合名词变成复数时，只将复合名词的主体词变为复数。例：There are ten boy students in the classroom.教室里有十名男生。注意：当man，woman做定语构成的复合名词变复数时，前后两部分都要变为复数。例：There are two women teachers and four men teachers in the office.办公室里有两名女教师和四名男教师。Why the difference? 为什么不同呢?解析：difference是名词，意为“不同”，在强调事物之间的不同或差异时，多用做可数名词；在强调人或事物之间较抽象的差异时，多用做不可数名词。例：There are many difference between the two languages. 这两种语言之间有许多差异。拓展：different adj. 不同的；dfferently adv. 不同地。be different from 与....不同，其反义词组是be the same as表示“与...一样”。例：My schoolbag is diferent from his. 我的书包与他的不同。They liked pink and red because these were the colours of healthy food, such as strawberries and apples.她们喜欢粉色和红色是因为这些是健康食物的颜色，例如草莓和苹果。解析：healthy是形容词，意为"健康的，健壮的"，其反义词是unhealthy。例：The children all look healthy. 孩子们看上去都很健康。拓展：health是名词，意为“健康”。be in good/ poor health意为“处于健康/不健康(的状态)”。例：My father is in good health. 我父亲身体健康。healthily是副词，意为“健康地”。例：Eating healthily is good for your health. 健康饮食有益于你的身体健康。辨析：healthy，fit，well例：Keeping healthy is the most important thing to the old.对老人来说保持健康最重要。You must take more exercise and keep fit. 你必须多锻炼身体并保持健康。You'll get well soon. 不久你就会恢复健康的。Red and white are a good match, as the powerful red balances the calm white. 红与白搭配相宜，因为强有力的红色平衡了冷静的白色。解析：match意为“相配;般配”，是可数名词。例：Her choice of colour was a good match for her skin-tone.她选的颜色与她的肤色很搭配。拓展：match v. 和....相配，比赛，竞赛; n. 比赛，竞赛，火柴，是可数名词。例：No one can match her in singing. 谁唱歌也比不上她，We had a friendly match with them. 我们与他们进行了一场友谊赛。There is a box of matches on the table. 桌子上有一盒火柴。固定搭配：match ...with... 使...和...相匹配/连在一起。例：Please match them with dfferent pictures.请用不同的图片和它们连接起来。解析：balance是及物动词，意为“使...平衡”。例：He tries to balace his studies and his hobbies.他努力平衡着他的学业和爱好。拓展：balance vi.保持平衡；n. 平衡，均衡，是不可数名词。例：Can you balance on one foot ? 你能一只脚站稳吗?We should protect the balance of nature. 我们应该保护大自然的平衡。Your art teacher gave you two advertisements.你的美术老师给了你两条广告。解析：advertisement意为“广告,公告”，是可数名词，其缩写形式是ad，复数形式是ads。例：That factory has put an advertisement in newspapers for workers.那家工厂已经在报纸上登广告招聘工人了。拓展：advertise v. 做广告，登广告；advertiser n. 广告商,广告客户，是可数名词。例：They advertised a house for sale. 他们登了房屋出售的广告。Many advertisers are honest, but some aren't.许多广告商很诚实，但有些不诚实。固定搭配：advetise sth为某物做广告；advertise for sth登广告征求/寻找某物make an adverisement做/登广告，当于advertise.afraid的常用结构be afraid of sth. 害怕某事/物be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事be afraid that 害怕..... influence一般指间接影响，其范围较广，涉及行为、思想、感情，多指影响无形的事物。affect仅指影响感情，指影响具体的事物，常指不良影响。sleepy意为“想睡的，疲倦的，瞌睡的”，既可做表语，也可做定语；如果修饰地名，意为“寂静的”。sleeping意为“睡着的”，既可做表语，也可做定语。asleep意为“睡着的”，是表语形容词，与系动词be或fall连用构成复合谓语，不能修饰名词。fall asleep意为“入睡，睡着了”，强调人睡的过程，含有渐渐入睡的动态意味；be asleep意为“睡着的”，含静态意味。everyday是形容词，意为“日常的，每天的”，在句中做定语。every day是副词短语，意为“每天，天天”，在句中做状语。discover强调通过调查、勘察等手段发现原本客观存在的、尚未被人发现的事物。Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。invent强调运用想象力，通过学习、思考、实验而发明、创造出原来不存在的、有用的新事物。Our Maths teacher invented a new teaching method.我们的数学老师发明了一种新的教学方法。find强调找到丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了某事物。I found my cat asleep on the couch.我发现我的猫睡在长沙发上。搭配含义suggest doing sth建议做某事suggest sth to sb向某人建议某事suggeet + that从句(从句中用“should +动词原形”)向某人提出...建议suggest多指为改进工作、解决问题而提出建议。advise多指根据自己的学识和经验提出供人参考的意见，含think的短语think about 表示“考虑，思考”某人或某事(较详细)。think of表示“想到，想起”某人或某事(一闪念)。think over表示“仔细考虑”，强调仔细，over是副词，代词应放在think与over之间。healthy侧重于指有益于健康的条件或是健康人的外部象征。fit指人的身体状况良好，尤其是指因经常锻炼所致。well一般指人在特定场合下身体良好，并常用来回答有关健康的询问。