初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 2Grammar写作预习指导（知识点+练习题）

这是一份初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 2Grammar写作预习指导（知识点+练习题），共7页。
八年级英语下册Unit 2Grammar写作预习指导一、知识点一、语法（一）can 和could用于表示“许可”、“请求”表示“请求”时，用could比can更婉转；could也可表示过去的许可。Eg:(1) Can you go with me？你能跟我一起走吗？(2) He said I could go shopping.他说我可以去购物。(3) Could I ask you something?我能问你些事吗？（二）动词不定式作宾语：是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to + 动词原形”。其中to只是一种符号，并非为介词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、宾语和状语等。* 动词不定式作宾语的用法：1.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, hope, decide, choose, would like, like, plan, fail等Eg: I decided to go to Beijing by plane. 我决定坐飞机去北京。2.Know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out, understand等动词短语后可用“疑问句+动词不定式”结构Eg: Please teach me how to learn English well. 请教我如何学好英语。3.Like, love, begin, start等动词后即可接动词不定式，也可接动名词，意义上差别不大。Eg: I like singing but I don’t like to sing .我喜欢唱歌，但我现在不想唱歌。4.“Find, think, feel + it + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正主语。Eg: I find it difficult to learn English. 我发现学英语很难。知识讲解1.homeless people 无家可归的人后缀-less表示否定意义“没有；无”后缀 - ful 表示肯定意义 “有”Eg: hope (动词) “希望” -- hopeless (形容词) “无望的”-- hopeful (形容词) “希望的”Use (动词) “使用” -- useless (形容词) “无用的” -- useful (形容词) “有用的”2.Once a week 一周一次就其提问是需用how oftenEg: -- How often do you visit your parents?-- Twice a week.-- 你多久看望一次你的父母？--一周两次。3.Cheer ...up 使...兴奋；为...加油Eg: Let’s cheer her up.让我们为她加油吧。4.Try out 尝试Eg: She wants to try out for a volunteer.她想要尝试做一名志愿者。5.Around the school 在学校附近Eg: There is a bookshop around the school.学校附近有一家书店。6.put常见搭配：put up 张贴；搭建；举起Put on 穿上Put away 收起来Put out 扑灭Put down 放下Put back 放回原处Eg: I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital.我想要推迟我在一家宠物医院工作的计划。（动词不定式作定语）7.Hand out = give out 分发Eg: We will give/hand out the money from the sale to homeless people.我们将从售卖中分发一些钱给无家可归之人。8.Call up 打电话Eg: She hopes to call up at least five primary schools to ask.她希望打电话给至少5所小学问问。9.Come up with 想出Eg: We are trying to come up with some ideas.我们正在试着想一些主意。10.If “如果”常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则If “是否”常常用来引导宾语从句，时态随具体情况而定。Eg: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic in the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园野餐。I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.我不知道明天她是否回来。11.Be busy with sth.= be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事Eg: My mum is busy with housework.= My mum is busy doing her housework.我的妈妈正在忙着家务。12.Be worried about ...= worry about ... 担心...Eg: She is worried about her exam.她很担心她的考试。13.work与job区别：work多指体力劳动也可指脑力劳动，通常都以挣钱为目的，有时也指机器干的工作。job多用于口语，侧重指受雇佣的、以谋生目的的工作。Eg: He got some work to do.他有一些工作要做。He’s trying to get a job.他正在找工作。14.In one’s free time 在某人空闲时间Eg: She often reads books in her free time.她经常在空闲时间读书。15.A few days “几天”Little/ a little/ few/ a few 区别Little “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词A little “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词Few “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数A few “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数Eg: We have little milk, let’s buy some.We have a little milk, you can drink it.We have a few apples, you can eat it.We have few apples, let’s buy some.16.A good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法Eg: Watching English movies is a good way to learn English.看英语电影是学英语的一种好方法。17.In the hospital 在医院里In hospital 住院Eg: Mike is ill, he is in hospital now.马克生病了，他现在在住院。18.Raise money for ... 为...筹钱Eg: We raised money for the old people.我们为这些老人筹钱。19.Stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事Stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事Eg: We’re tired, let’s stop to have a rest.我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。We’re tired, let’s stop working.我们累了，让我们停止工作。写作本单元写作主题为：讨论如何成为“志愿者工作”该话题通常有两种形式，一是呼吁人们参加志愿者工作，二是描述自己参加过的志愿者工作。写作步骤：第一步：明确写作时态：常用一般过去时；第二步：按照事情发生的顺序进行描写；第三步：描述自己的感受。注意：灵活使用动词短语。常用短语：Help out with ... 帮忙解决...Give away 赠送Give out 分发Come up with 提出Look after 照顾A strong feeling of satisfaction 强烈的满足感常见句型：Last Saturday, I did some volunteer work with other volunteers.上周，我和其他自愿者坐了一些志愿者工作。The rose’s in her hand, the flavor in mine.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。Helping others is a virtue.助人为乐是一种美德。范文：Last Saturday, we visited a hope school.It was a great way to know some other children’s life.We had a party with the students there.We also helped them clean up their classrooms.The headteacher told us some stories about some hardworking students who were from very poor families.And in order to raise money for them, we held a big sale on our school playground the next day to help them.I think being a volunteer is really great and I’d like to help more people.二、练习题一、用所给词的首字母或汉语提示完成单词1.She looks sad, let’s go and c______ her up.2.She doesn’t have friends in her new school.So she feels very _______ (孤独的).3.I didn’t have breakfast.Now I have a f________ of hunger.4.She wants to be a _______ (志愿者).5.I don’t u________ your meaning.Please say it again.二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I hope ______ (be) a volunteer in an after - school reading program.2.My mum asked me _______ (finish) my homework before dinner.3.We can’t put off _______(do) our homework until tomorrow.4.Their help makes me feel _________ (excite) and happy.5.What made the children _______ (laugh) loudly?三、单项选择( )1.Can you ______ the life without electricity?A.imagine B.think C.tell D.talk( )2.I come here ______ for my dictionary you borrowed from me two weeks ago.A.ask B.asking C.to ask D.asked( )3.-- Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum?-- _______ healthy, my dear.A.To keep B.Keep C.Keeping D.Kept( )4.We need to ______ up with a plan on Clean - up Day.A.go B.come C.work D.study( )5.Amanda feels ______ because she is new here.I try ______ friends with her.A.lone; to make B.lonely; make C.lonely; to make D.alone; make四、翻译句子1.你明天要去食物赈济处分发食物吗？Will you go to ______ ______ food at the food bank tomorrow?2.让我们去照顾那些贫穷的孩子。Let’s go to ________ ________ those poor children.3.你到北京时请给我打个电话。Please _____ _____ _____ when you arrive in Beijing.4.我的意思是，我们所有人有一天也会老。I mean, we’re all going to _____ _____ one day, too.5.听起来很有趣。That _______ _______.五、完形填空It is well - known that Englishmen always go out with an umbrella or a raincoat, why? 1.______ the weather in Britain often changes quickly.It is not very usual for the same kind of weather to 2.______ long.Spring can be rainy or windy 3.______ the weather is getting warmer and you can hope for more sunny days.In fact, there 4.______ as much sunshine in spring as in summer.Summer is 5._______ time for visitors to go to the seaside and other places of interest.The weather can be sunny and nice.People often go out to have a walk or swim.Autumn is a beautiful season 6.______ trees in the woods (森林) and parks changing color.During autumn, it is still nice to be outside, too.In winter, it gets cold.It may snow, especially on high lands and in the north.There are 7._____ very strong winds in this season.January and February are the coldest 8._____ of the year, while the warmest months 9._____ often July and August.The difference in temperature 10._____ winter and summer is not so great in Britain.The average (平均) temperature for winter is about 4.5℃, and for summer, it is about 15.5 ℃.( )1.A.For B.As C.Because D.So( )2.A.make B.stay C.change D.take( )3.A.but B.and C.or D.for( )4.A.can B.can be C.have D.can have( )5.A.the earliest B.the latestC.the worst D.the best( )6.A.with B.like C.without D.from( )7.A.A also B.too C.either D.neither( )8.A.seasons B.weather C.months D.years( )9.A.is B.are C.was D.were( )10.A.in B.on C.of D.between六、选词填空（选择所给词的适当形式填空，每空一词，有两个多余）happy; keep; see;call; baby; break; put; noise; sad; show; voice; byOne day, when Bill was walking home from school, he heard a 1.______ coming from the bushes (灌木).He went over to 2.______ what it was behind a bush.He found a black dog, Bill went back home as soon as he could with the dog and 3.______ her to his parents.Bill’s dad found that the dog had a 4._______ leg, so they brought the dog to a doctor for animals 5._____ car.On the way Bill’s parents decided that Bill could 6._______ the dog if they couldn’t find the owner of the dog.When they arrived, the doctor checked the dog.He told Bill that she was going to have 7.______! The next day, Bill 8.______ up signs like “FOUND DOG BACK” around his neighborhood.He also wrote his family’s phone number on the signs.Two days later, Bill got a/an 9.______ from the owner of the dog.The owner thanked Bill.When he came to pick up his dog, he said Bill could have one of the babies, Bill was very 10.______! Finally Bill got a baby dog from the owner.He named him Rosco and liked him very much.七、书面表达假如你是李明，本周班会上，你将代表老师用英语通知学生参加一次敬老院的公益活动。要点：1.星期天早上8:30 在校门口集合，乘公交车前往2.给老人们赠送班级礼物1.打扫卫生，整理房间2.唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、聊天、给老人带去快乐3.活动很有意义，积极参加公益活动(welfare activities)要求：1.要点齐全 2.词数80词左右附：参考答案一、1.cheer 2.lonely 3.feeling 4.volunteer 5.understand二、1.to be 2.to finish 3.doing 4.excited 5.laugh三、1 -- 5 ACABC四、1.give out2.care for3.call me up4.be old5.sounds interesting五、1 -- 5 CBABD 6 -- 10 AACBA六、1.noise 2.to see 3.showed 4.broken 5.by6.keep 7.babies 8.put 9.call 10.happy七、Fellow students’We will pay a visit to the old people’s home this Sunday.We’ll have to meet at the school gate at 8:30 on Sunday morning and then go there by bus.There we will do some cleaning and tidy the rooms.After that we will have many activities, such as singing, dancing, telling stories and chatting to cheer up the old.Before we leave, we’ll give our presents to them.I hope all of us can take an active part in public welfare activities.Through the meaningful activity we can learn to care for the old.That’s all.Thank you.