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2022年7月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)
f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.Is there a crrelatin between high IQ and creative genius? Really , the phrasing f the questin cntradicts very much crrelatin, as “creativity” is in n way measured thrugh IQ standardized testing, and creativity is the greatest determinant f a genius as, like yu say , it is a genius. Innvatin upn any subject requires a drive t create.
As nes IQ increases, there is an increased prbability that they are a genius because their level f creativity has a higher prbability f ascending(升高) them t genius level. Hwever if the dds are against them, there is an average prbability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are cmpsed f different mental cnstructs as IQ measures a standard cmprehensin level, while creativity measures the way in which this cmprehensin is used. Fr example , if yur IQ is 180, the percentage that yu are a genius is subtracted by the amunt f creativity necessary t becme a genius. This is inductive f the influence that the brain has n awareness. The brain gains perceptive awareness upn “creating thughts in a cntinuus cyclic prcess, and if yu were very “intelligent” but culd nt generate thughts, yu culd nt be an intellectual being. Hwever, ne wh is alive can never stp thinking, s the crrelatin f IQ and genius wuld bjectively appear as a negative expnential functin.
There are few exceptinally creative peple ut there, just as there are few exceptinally intelligent peple, and ne des nt ccur with the ther. Pssessing a high level f intelligence is a platfrm f understanding fr the creative thinking skills t make up riginality. When ne bears infrmal thinking skills, they typically ccupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allw ne t make sense f the resultant creative utput within its surrunding cntext f knwledge.
Hwever, nt all “ geniuses”frm ur subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels f creativity. One's level f intelligence can be s high that their platfrm f understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lwer levels f intelligence must use creativity in rder t attain a srt f qualitative equivalence. Examples f peple like this thrughut histry include the likes f Jhn vn Neumann and Christpher Langan.
2022年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Neurscientists usually define a singular memry as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue assciated with a particular recllectin. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't islated t ne regin f the brain and instead manifests as a clrful splattering acrss the neural tissue. “A memry lks mre like a web in the brain than a single spt,” says neurseientist and Natinal Gegraphic Explrer Steve Ramirez f Bstn University. That's because when a memry is created, it includes all the visual, auditry, and tactile inputs that make an experience memrable , and brain cells are encded frm all f thse regins.
Nw, scientists are even able t track hw memries mve acrss the brain, like detectives finding ftprints in the snw. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrugh: They were able t target the cells that make up ne engram in a muse's brain and then implant a false memry.
In their wrk , mice reacted in fear t a particular stimulus even when they had nt been cnditined in advance. While muse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neurscientists understand hw ur memries wrk , t.
In their current wrk, Ramirez. and his clleagues are investigating whether psitive and negative memries are stred in different grups f brain cells , and whether negative memries can be "verwritten by psitive nes. T prep mice fr the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that cntains flurescent prteins and surgically implants ptic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus frm flurescing until the researchers are ready t tag a psitive r negative experience. Psitive memries are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice fr an hur, and negative memries are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief ft shcks. Once the mice have been cnditined t assciate certain triggers with each experience , they underg a shrt surgical peratin s the scientists can stimulate the cells assciated with the psitive r negative engrams.
They are finding that activating psitive memries while a muse is in a cage it assciates with fear makes that muse less fearful. Using a different technique , University f' Trnt neurscientist Sheena Jsselyn was able t cmpletely eliminate fear memries in mice.
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2021年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When smebdy speaks t her, the wrds are instantly translated int pictures, like a vide in her head. Unlike mst peple, her thughts mve frm vide-like images t generalizatins and cncepts. Furthermre, her memries usually appear in her imaginatin in rder f time, and the images visualized are always specific. Fr example,if she thinks abut a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the ne in her ld huse and then thse in her hmetwn. That ne wrd can tun int a full-length vide in her head. Grand's mind wrks like the Internet search engine which prduces dzens f images f an bject a user is searching fr.
Visual thinking has enabled grand t build entire systems in her imaginatin which wrks similarly t a cmputer prgram because it can prduce three-dimensinal design simulatins(三维仿真设计).This was imprtant t her as an equipment designer fr the livestck industry. Befre she started cnstructin n her designs, she wuld test-run the equipment in her mind She frmed mental pictures f her designs in every pssible situatin, with different sizes and breeds f cattle and in different weather cnditins. This prcess made it pssible fr her t crrect mistakes befre cnstructin started.
Grand's mind is als sensitive t details, which was imprtant in her wrk with cattle. Her sharp awareness f the visual wrld led t ntewrthy bservatins abut animals, She nticed many little things that mst peple wuld nt cnsider that seared the cattle. Fr example, a cat n a fence r a pipe n the flr wuld frighten them away. Grand's visualizatin abilities have als helped her understand the animals she wrked with. This led her t create designs ranging frm sweeping, curved fences intended t reduce the stress experienced by animals that were ging t be killed t systems fr handling sick cattle and pigs.
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2021年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Fluid, a Texas-based analytics cmpany, recently released its new prduct, called FluidPlus fr free. It cnnects retailers( 零售商) t a clud-based analytics service using WiFi. They then cllect infrmatin abut custmers behaviur by mnitring the media access cde (MAC) in every smart phne that enters the stres. This means that stres will be able t implement an analytics package t receive infrmatin that culd help guide their marketing. With the infrmatin , stre managers can measure the number f peple wh walk past the stre and the number wh cme thrugh the frnt dr. Als, this infrmatin includes whether r nt these peple cme in immediately r are cnvinced t d s by the shp frnt.
Fluid Plus has received a lt f criticism frm cnsumers cncerned abut their privacy being invaded. But Fluid assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that n persnally identifiable infrmatin is cllected. The cmpany als pints t the fact that Fluid is a part f the grup that initiated the Mbile Lcatin Analytics cde f cnduct, These sets f rules require cmpanies t receive custmers’ agreement befre they can cllect any persnal infrmatin.
Emily Carrless, a senir directr at the NO Watching Please C. , believes that this technlgy ignres custmers' privacy. “This is a clear example f prfit utweighing privacy, she said. “The use f tracking technlgy by shps in rder t prvide a better r mre persnal service seems ttally disprprtinate, " Carrless als stressed the imprtance f custmer awareness. She said that while tracking technlgy was still develping, there was an bvius gal in mind t identify individuals. Cmpanies like Fluid wn't stp at the general infrmatin like the number f custmers wh walk int stres. The lng game is abut identifying individuals , and this technlgies is very clse t enabling Fluid t d that.
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2020年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Scientists Discver Animal Language
It is human beings’ pride that we are the nly species n the Planet that can speak and think. Hwever, recent research cast dubt n that cmmn belief.
Zuberbuhler, a psychlgist at St. Andrews University, and his clleagues recrded thusands f calls made by Diana mnkeys and nticed that the mnkeys adapted their calls t change the meaning t warn ne anther abut different situatins. Fr example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight f tiger. Hwever, when they merely repeated calls made by ther mnkeys they added an ‘’.
The researchers fund that the same calls wuld be recgnised by ther species, like Campbell’s mnkeys. S they are cmmunicating acrss species. “And since then we have fund that hrnbill birds can understand these calls and they t can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler.
What is als surprising is that signs f intelligence have been fund in birds, whse small brains were lng assumed t be a cmplete barrier t sentience. Hwever, all is changing fast. A few years ag Irene Pepperberg f the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy taught a parrt t recgnise and cunt up t six bjects and describe their shapes, which culdn’t have been achieved if birds were unable t memrize.
Last year, that was tpped by Alex Kacelnik, a prfessr f behaviral eclgy at Oxfrd, wh discvered that crws (乌鸦) are capable f using tls in cmplex rders, the first time such behaviur has been bserved in nn-humans. In an experiment seven crws successfully grabbed a piece f fd placed ut f reach using three different lengths f stick. Crucially, they were able t cmplete the task withut any special training, suggesting the birds were capable f a level f abstract reasning nrmally assciated nly with humans.
All this is pwerful evidence against the idea that peple are unique.
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2020年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Glbal Cperatin
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the bundaries (边界) f human inventin and innvatin — glbal cperatin. Scientific and technical research and develpment is nw s cmplicated that n ne scientist can knw it all. S, increasingly, innvatin is cming frm the cmbining f cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) frm different scientific fields.
There are nw ver 8,000 scientific jurnals wrldwide and it is impssible t be an expert in all areas. Therefre, in this highly specialized wrld, scientists, medics and engineers have t cperate in rder t innvate. Prfessr Bb Langer at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) has made significant breakthrughs in the field f bimedical engineering. But he hasn’t dne it n his wn. He has invited experts frm arund the wrld in different fields t frm a glbal team t design new substances which can g inside the bdy, deliver medicines and then disslve.
Als at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard abut the il spill in the Gulf f Mexic in 2010, he quit his dream jb there and tried t develp a mre efficient way t remve the il. But rather than fcusing n prfit, he decided t ‘pen-surce’ the design. He shared his wn ideas n the web fr free and then gt experts frm all arund the wrld t cntribute ideas and even dnatins. Thanks t this free, nt-fr-prfit way f sharing ideas and intellectual prperty n the internet, a bat capable f cleaning il quickly came int being. Obviusly, internatinal cperatin based n sharing infrmatin freely has prduced innvative appraches t slving prblems.
It appears that the days f brilliant individuals wrking in their garages n their wn are ver. Glbal teams with a united purpse building n everyne’s expertise can cllectively d far mre than ne brilliant individual. Tday’s wrld calls fr glbal cperatrs, sharers, and nt prtectrs f ideas.
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2019年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
It's undeniable: Being amng the first t try ut a new piece f technlgy is cl. There's the excitement f ding what has never been dne befre—the feeling that yu're living in the future. And when yu're the sle member f yur scial circle with the latest ht gadget, peple stare in fascinatin. They ask yu questins. They see yu as the hlder f pwerful, secret knwledge—fr a little while, until the next big thing cmes alng. Peple tend t underestimate the csts f this temprary clness, which they pay in mre ways than ne. Dn't fall int the early adpter trap. Dn't jin the first wave f cnsumers wh invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
T put it frankly, early adptin is a bad investment. First, the earliest versins f devices are nt nly expensive, they are als the mst expensive that thse devices will ever be. Cmpanies are presumably attempting t recver the cst f prductin as fast as they can, and they knw that there are serius tech-lvers wh will pay a great deal t be first. Once the revenues frm early adpters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift t the next marketing phase: selling the prduct t everyne else. This is why the cst f the riginal iPhne drpped abut U. S. $200 nly eight mnths after its release. Plus, electrnics hardly ever becme mre expensive because intense cmpetitin in the industry puts dwnward pressure n prices ver time. Prices f gadgets will fall shrtly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV mdels drp significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electrnics rapidly depreciate because they becme bslete (废弃的) s quickly. This means that early adpters pay the maximum price fr an item that des nt hld nt its value. The resale price f a cell phne r laptp can drp by fifty percent within just a few mnths.
Speaking f becming bslete, thse wh are first t leap int a new technlgy risk wasting mney and time n smething that will never catch n. Anther gd reasn t resist the early-adptin temptatin is that the first versin f a prduct typically has defects that cst a lt in time and frustratin. Such prblems are s cmmn with new technlgy that early adpters are basically unpaid beta testers and trubleshters. Unless this sunds t yu like a fun way t spend yur time, dn’t be amng the first users. If yu wait t learn what the prblems are with a new electrnic gadget, yu can lk frward t a smther experience—r chse a less trublesme prduct.
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2019年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Where are the bees?
Bees are essential t the prductin f fd we eat. Bees make hney, but they als pllinate large areas f crps, such as straw berries, apples and nins. Abut a third f the fd we eat is a result f pllinatin f the bees. Unfrtunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2006, bee keepers started reprting abut smething called Clny Cllapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign f CCD is the lss f adult hney bees frm a hive. In Octber f 2006, sme beekeepers reprted that they had lst between 30 and 90 percent f their hives.
There were many theries fr the disappearance f the bees. But the mst cnvincing ne has t d with pesticides and lifestyles f bees tday. Nwadays, beekeeper get mst f their incme nt frm prducing hney but frm renting bees t pllinate plants. This means that the life f the typical bee nw cnsists f travelling all arund the cuntry t pllinate crps as the seasns change. That means a lt f traveling n trucks, which is very stressful t bees. It is nt unusual fr up t 30% f the hive t die during transprt due t stress. In additin, bees that spend mst f their time lcked up n trucks are nt expsed t what they usually live n. Instead, they live n a sweet liquid frm crn, usually plluted with pesticides.
The exact reasn fr the disappearance f bees is nt sure, but lsing bees is very cstly t the ecnmy. The bee pllinatin services are wrth ver $8 billin a year. With n bees, pllinatin will have t be dne by hand, which wuld have effects n the quality f fd and increased fd priced. We hear a lt abut big envirnmental disasters almst every day. But ne f the biggest may just be the less f that tiny flying insect.
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2018年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Becming an attractive emplyee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable jb market. Fast-frward t the present, and the ecnmy has nt fully recvered. Thus, it’s f vital imprtance fr jb seekers t carefully strategize their apprach t jb applicatin. And it is especially imprtant fr thse new t the wrkfrce. They shuld lk at making themselves as attractive as pssible t emplyers.
Fr yung peple, infrmatin technlgy skills will play an increasing rle in the future As the generatin t have grwn up in the Infrmatin Age, they are quite cnfident when it cmes t shwing ff their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit fr cmpanies seeking expertise in technlgy, marketing, and netwrking. They shuld emphasize these skills when applying fr jbs that require the ability t multitask.
Anther attractive quality is experience. It is imprtant that an applicant’s resume list any activities that invlved teamwrk and gal-driven respnsibilities. Membership in a sprts r scial club and participatin as a vlunteer are gd examples f this. These activities invlve gal management and planning, alng with the ability t fcus while cmpeting n a team. When hiring cmmittees see this, they see a candidate wh is capable f wrking in a variety f envirnments.
Finally, an attractive quality when jb-hunting is a great attitude tward a ptential jb. Yung jb seekers are knwn t be vercnfident because they have been praised fr everything they have dne. But they must realize that the emplyment market is abut hw an emplyee will be a gd fit fr a cmpany, nt the ther way arund. In fact, in an interview, an imprtant questin t ask is: “What wuld be expected f me as an emplyee?”
In tday’s tugh jb market. yung jb seekers need t prvide a ptential emplyer with gd reasns t hire them.
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2018年1月高考真题
IV. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
（httpsthecnversatin.cm/the-evlutinary-rigins-f-laughter-are-rted-mre-in-survival-than-enjyment
T Laugh Is Human
Mst f us dn’t knw why we laugh at sme jkes and nt at thers. Scientists knw that we are able t laugh at birth. Babies begin t laugh at three t fur mnths f age, well befre they prduce their first wrds. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.
Scientists believe humans laugh with thers primarily because it makes us feel cnnected with ne anther, which in turn gives us a sense f trust and cmfrt. T scientists, laughter is an uncnscius reactin; cnsequently, when we laugh, thers can be certain that it is an hnest reactin, and hnesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.
Since laughter is seen as a scial signal that we send t thers, it can als help explain why it is s infectius. Studies have prven that when peple see r hear smething funny, they are 20 times mre likely t laugh when they are with thers than when they are alne. Wanting t be accepted by thers is part f human nature. And mirrring ther peple’s laughter is a way t signal t thers that yu feel the way they d, which makes us feel mre cnnected with ne anther.
Humans have nt always laughed just s they can feel clser t thers, hwever. Scientists pint ut that this scial functin f laughter was brn ut f an even mre fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came abut because it cntributed t ur very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured ur ancestrs a higher survival rate because it led t greater cperatin between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cperatin led t survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with thers increased ut chances f finding peple t cperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.
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2017年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Learning by Rte in the Digital Age
Rte learning has becme seen as an utdated methd f teaching. The dictinary defines learning ‘by rte’ as: ‘frm memry, withut thught f the meaning; in a mechanical way’.
The decline f rte learning has been quickened by technlgy. N ne needs t memrize friends’ phne numbers r email addresses because such data is cnveniently stred and accessible electrnically. And why remember when and where Wrld War Tw brke ut when yu can find the answer n the internet in abut 6 secnds? But nw there are vices fr a need t return t rte learning.
In fact, memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill. Dctring requires knwledge f medicine and lawyering requires knwledge f cases and laws. Of curse, being able t recall things will nt further yur understanding f thse things, but withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject.
While the internet and cmputers have weakened the need fr us t remember things, it may well be that mbile learning can help bring this style f learning back t life by making it mre cnvenient and mre fun.
Drilling yurself-with flashcards r by repetitin-is usually hard and bring wrk, which is why mst peple need their multiplicatin tables t be drilled int them by teachers r parents. Rte learning withut a willing third party can be a battle f discipline and mtivatin. But mbile learning can make thse flashcards and drills mre apprpriate t individual study; ur digital devices can challenge and infrm us at the same time and als keep us mtivated, whether thrugh game-like structures r recrding ur prgress.
Once yu’ve acquired the essentials f a subject by rte learning, yu will find it easier t g deeper in the applicatin f knwledge which is imprtant.
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2017年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Shyness
If yu suffer shyness, yu are nt alne. It is nt surprising that scial scientists are explring its envirnmental causes.
The first envirnmental cause f shyness many be a child’s hme and family life. Tday’s children are grwing up smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Grwing up in hmes in which bth parents wrk full time, children may nt have the scializing experience f frequent visits by neighburs and friends. Because f their lack f scial skills, they may begin t feel shy when they start schl.
A secnd envirnmental cause f shyness in an individual may be ne’s culture. In a large study cnducted in Japan, 57 percent f participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Hendersn and Philip Zimbard say, “One explanatin is that in Japan, an individual’s perfrmance success is credited externally t parents, grandparents, teachers, caches, and thers, while failure is entirely blamed n the persn.” Therefre, Japanese learn nt t take risks in public and rely instead n grup-shared decisins.
Technlgy may als pay a rle. In the United States, the number f yung peple wh reprt being shy has risen frm 40 percent t 50 percent in recent years. Due t ur huge advances in technlgy, watching televisin, playing vide games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreatinal activities that invlve scial interactin fr many yung peple. Adults, t, are becming islated as a result f technlgy. Face t face interactin with bank clerks, gas statin attendants are n lnger necessary because peple can use machines t d their banking, fill their their gas tanks, and rder gds. In shrt, they becme shy.
It appears that mst peple have experienced shyness at sme time in their lives. Therefre, if yu are shy, yu have lts f cmpany.
If yu suffer shyness, yu are nt alne. It is nt surprising that scial scientists are explring its envirnmental causes.
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模拟练习（一）
Summary Writing (10分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51．（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Multi-tasking
Are yu a multitasker? D yu watch TV and ck dinner at the same time? D yu ften interrupt yur wrk t check yur email? D yu talk n yur phne while yu’re driving? If yu d these r similar things, then yu are ne f many multitaskers. Accrding t a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent f American adults multitask regularly.
Mst peple say they multitask because they are t busy, and multitasking saves time. Ppular electrnic devices like tablets and smart phnes make it cnvenient t d several tasks at nce, s peple feel like they are getting mre dne. Melissa Brwn f Evanstn, Illinis, says she has n truble listening t music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages t friends while she des her hmewrk.
Recent studies, hwever, shw that Melissa and thers like her are perhaps getting less dne than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micrinterruptins” in which peple stp ne task, start anther, and eventually return t the first ne. These stps and starts make it difficult t cncentrate, and s multitaskers actually waste time, accrding t a study at Micrsft Crpratin. In the study, wrkers wh interrupted their wrk t answer an email r text message tk an average f 15 minutes t return t the wrk they were ding befre the interruptin.
Sme psychlgists say that the human brain just isn’t gd at cncentrating n tw things at the same time. This desn’t matter if yu’re nly preparing a salad and listening t the radi, they say. But if yu’re ding a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a reprt, then multitasking can slw yu dwn and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerus, as in the case f peple wh talk n the phne, eat, r even apply makeup while driving.
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模拟练习（二）
Summary Writing (10分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51．（2023春·上海杨浦·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize in n mre than 60 wrds the main idea f the passage and hw it is illustrated. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Learning t write effectively
I’ve been writing fr mst f my life. The bk Writing Withut Teachers intrduced me t ne distinctin and ne practice that has helped my writing prcesses tremendusly. The distinctin is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While yu need t emply bth t get t a finished result, they cannt wrk in parallel n matter hw much we might like t think s.
Trying t criticize writing n the fly is pssibly the single greatest barrier t writing that mst f us encunter. If yu are listening t that 5th grade English teacher crrect yur grammar while yu are trying t capture a fleeting(lasting nly a shrt time)thught , the thught will die. If yu capture the fleeting thught and simply share it with the wrld in raw frm, n ne is likely t understand.
The practice that can help yu past yur learned bad habits f trying t edit as yu write is what Elbw calls “free writing.” In free writing, the bjective is t get wrds dwn n paper nn-stp, usually fr 15-20 minutes. N stpping, n ging back, n criticizing. The gal is t get the wrds flwing. As the wrds begin t flw, the ideas will cme frm the shadws and let themselves be captured n yur ntepad r yur screen.
Nw yu have raw materials that yu can begin t wrk with using the critical mind that yu’ve persuaded t sit n the side and watch quietly. Mst likely, yu will believe that this will take mre time than yu actually have and yu will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead f staring at a blank, start filling it with wrds n matter hw bad. Halfway thrugh yur available time, stp and rewrk yur raw writing int smething clser t finished prduct. Mve back and frth until yu run ut f time and the final result will mst likely be far better than yur current practices.
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2022年7月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)
f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.Is there a crrelatin between high IQ and creative genius? Really , the phrasing f the questin cntradicts very much crrelatin, as “creativity” is in n way measured thrugh IQ standardized testing, and creativity is the greatest determinant f a genius as, like yu say , it is a genius. Innvatin upn any subject requires a drive t create.
As nes IQ increases, there is an increased prbability that they are a genius because their level f creativity has a higher prbability f ascending(升高) them t genius level. Hwever if the dds are against them, there is an average prbability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are cmpsed f different mental cnstructs as IQ measures a standard cmprehensin level, while creativity measures the way in which this cmprehensin is used. Fr example , if yur IQ is 180, the percentage that yu are a genius is subtracted by the amunt f creativity necessary t becme a genius. This is inductive f the influence that the brain has n awareness. The brain gains perceptive awareness upn “creating thughts in a cntinuus cyclic prcess, and if yu were very “intelligent” but culd nt generate thughts, yu culd nt be an intellectual being. Hwever, ne wh is alive can never stp thinking, s the crrelatin f IQ and genius wuld bjectively appear as a negative expnential functin.
There are few exceptinally creative peple ut there, just as there are few exceptinally intelligent peple, and ne des nt ccur with the ther. Pssessing a high level f intelligence is a platfrm f understanding fr the creative thinking skills t make up riginality. When ne bears infrmal thinking skills, they typically ccupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allw ne t make sense f the resultant creative utput within its surrunding cntext f knwledge.
Hwever, nt all “ geniuses”frm ur subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels f creativity. One's level f intelligence can be s high that their platfrm f understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lwer levels f intelligence must use creativity in rder t attain a srt f qualitative equivalence. Examples f peple like this thrughut histry include the likes f Jhn vn Neumann and Christpher Langan.
2022年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Neurscientists usually define a singular memry as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue assciated with a particular recllectin. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't islated t ne regin f the brain and instead manifests as a clrful splattering acrss the neural tissue. “A memry lks mre like a web in the brain than a single spt,” says neurseientist and Natinal Gegraphic Explrer Steve Ramirez f Bstn University. That's because when a memry is created, it includes all the visual, auditry, and tactile inputs that make an experience memrable , and brain cells are encded frm all f thse regins.
Nw, scientists are even able t track hw memries mve acrss the brain, like detectives finding ftprints in the snw. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrugh: They were able t target the cells that make up ne engram in a muse's brain and then implant a false memry.
In their wrk , mice reacted in fear t a particular stimulus even when they had nt been cnditined in advance. While muse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neurscientists understand hw ur memries wrk , t.
In their current wrk, Ramirez. and his clleagues are investigating whether psitive and negative memries are stred in different grups f brain cells , and whether negative memries can be "verwritten by psitive nes. T prep mice fr the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that cntains flurescent prteins and surgically implants ptic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus frm flurescing until the researchers are ready t tag a psitive r negative experience. Psitive memries are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice fr an hur, and negative memries are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief ft shcks. Once the mice have been cnditined t assciate certain triggers with each experience , they underg a shrt surgical peratin s the scientists can stimulate the cells assciated with the psitive r negative engrams.
They are finding that activating psitive memries while a muse is in a cage it assciates with fear makes that muse less fearful. Using a different technique , University f' Trnt neurscientist Sheena Jsselyn was able t cmpletely eliminate fear memries in mice.
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2021年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Ann Grand: A Visual Thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When smebdy speaks t her, the wrds are instantly translated int pictures, like a vide in her head. Unlike mst peple, her thughts mve frm vide-like images t generalizatins and cncepts. Furthermre, her memries usually appear in her imaginatin in rder f time, and the images visualized are always specific. Fr example,if she thinks abut a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the ne in her ld huse and then thse in her hmetwn. That ne wrd can tun int a full-length vide in her head. Grand's mind wrks like the Internet search engine which prduces dzens f images f an bject a user is searching fr.
Visual thinking has enabled grand t build entire systems in her imaginatin which wrks similarly t a cmputer prgram because it can prduce three-dimensinal design simulatins(三维仿真设计).This was imprtant t her as an equipment designer fr the livestck industry. Befre she started cnstructin n her designs, she wuld test-run the equipment in her mind She frmed mental pictures f her designs in every pssible situatin, with different sizes and breeds f cattle and in different weather cnditins. This prcess made it pssible fr her t crrect mistakes befre cnstructin started.
Grand's mind is als sensitive t details, which was imprtant in her wrk with cattle. Her sharp awareness f the visual wrld led t ntewrthy bservatins abut animals, She nticed many little things that mst peple wuld nt cnsider that seared the cattle. Fr example, a cat n a fence r a pipe n the flr wuld frighten them away. Grand's visualizatin abilities have als helped her understand the animals she wrked with. This led her t create designs ranging frm sweeping, curved fences intended t reduce the stress experienced by animals that were ging t be killed t systems fr handling sick cattle and pigs.
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2021年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Fluid, a Texas-based analytics cmpany, recently released its new prduct, called FluidPlus fr free. It cnnects retailers( 零售商) t a clud-based analytics service using WiFi. They then cllect infrmatin abut custmers behaviur by mnitring the media access cde (MAC) in every smart phne that enters the stres. This means that stres will be able t implement an analytics package t receive infrmatin that culd help guide their marketing. With the infrmatin , stre managers can measure the number f peple wh walk past the stre and the number wh cme thrugh the frnt dr. Als, this infrmatin includes whether r nt these peple cme in immediately r are cnvinced t d s by the shp frnt.
Fluid Plus has received a lt f criticism frm cnsumers cncerned abut their privacy being invaded. But Fluid assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that n persnally identifiable infrmatin is cllected. The cmpany als pints t the fact that Fluid is a part f the grup that initiated the Mbile Lcatin Analytics cde f cnduct, These sets f rules require cmpanies t receive custmers’ agreement befre they can cllect any persnal infrmatin.
Emily Carrless, a senir directr at the NO Watching Please C. , believes that this technlgy ignres custmers' privacy. “This is a clear example f prfit utweighing privacy, she said. “The use f tracking technlgy by shps in rder t prvide a better r mre persnal service seems ttally disprprtinate, " Carrless als stressed the imprtance f custmer awareness. She said that while tracking technlgy was still develping, there was an bvius gal in mind t identify individuals. Cmpanies like Fluid wn't stp at the general infrmatin like the number f custmers wh walk int stres. The lng game is abut identifying individuals , and this technlgies is very clse t enabling Fluid t d that.
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2020年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
71. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Scientists Discver Animal Language
It is human beings’ pride that we are the nly species n the Planet that can speak and think. Hwever, recent research cast dubt n that cmmn belief.
Zuberbuhler, a psychlgist at St. Andrews University, and his clleagues recrded thusands f calls made by Diana mnkeys and nticed that the mnkeys adapted their calls t change the meaning t warn ne anther abut different situatins. Fr example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight f tiger. Hwever, when they merely repeated calls made by ther mnkeys they added an ‘’.
The researchers fund that the same calls wuld be recgnised by ther species, like Campbell’s mnkeys. S they are cmmunicating acrss species. “And since then we have fund that hrnbill birds can understand these calls and they t can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler.
What is als surprising is that signs f intelligence have been fund in birds, whse small brains were lng assumed t be a cmplete barrier t sentience. Hwever, all is changing fast. A few years ag Irene Pepperberg f the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy taught a parrt t recgnise and cunt up t six bjects and describe their shapes, which culdn’t have been achieved if birds were unable t memrize.
Last year, that was tpped by Alex Kacelnik, a prfessr f behaviral eclgy at Oxfrd, wh discvered that crws (乌鸦) are capable f using tls in cmplex rders, the first time such behaviur has been bserved in nn-humans. In an experiment seven crws successfully grabbed a piece f fd placed ut f reach using three different lengths f stick. Crucially, they were able t cmplete the task withut any special training, suggesting the birds were capable f a level f abstract reasning nrmally assciated nly with humans.
All this is pwerful evidence against the idea that peple are unique.
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2020年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Glbal Cperatin
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the bundaries (边界) f human inventin and innvatin — glbal cperatin. Scientific and technical research and develpment is nw s cmplicated that n ne scientist can knw it all. S, increasingly, innvatin is cming frm the cmbining f cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) frm different scientific fields.
There are nw ver 8,000 scientific jurnals wrldwide and it is impssible t be an expert in all areas. Therefre, in this highly specialized wrld, scientists, medics and engineers have t cperate in rder t innvate. Prfessr Bb Langer at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) has made significant breakthrughs in the field f bimedical engineering. But he hasn’t dne it n his wn. He has invited experts frm arund the wrld in different fields t frm a glbal team t design new substances which can g inside the bdy, deliver medicines and then disslve.
Als at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard abut the il spill in the Gulf f Mexic in 2010, he quit his dream jb there and tried t develp a mre efficient way t remve the il. But rather than fcusing n prfit, he decided t ‘pen-surce’ the design. He shared his wn ideas n the web fr free and then gt experts frm all arund the wrld t cntribute ideas and even dnatins. Thanks t this free, nt-fr-prfit way f sharing ideas and intellectual prperty n the internet, a bat capable f cleaning il quickly came int being. Obviusly, internatinal cperatin based n sharing infrmatin freely has prduced innvative appraches t slving prblems.
It appears that the days f brilliant individuals wrking in their garages n their wn are ver. Glbal teams with a united purpse building n everyne’s expertise can cllectively d far mre than ne brilliant individual. Tday’s wrld calls fr glbal cperatrs, sharers, and nt prtectrs f ideas.
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2019年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
It's undeniable: Being amng the first t try ut a new piece f technlgy is cl. There's the excitement f ding what has never been dne befre—the feeling that yu're living in the future. And when yu're the sle member f yur scial circle with the latest ht gadget, peple stare in fascinatin. They ask yu questins. They see yu as the hlder f pwerful, secret knwledge—fr a little while, until the next big thing cmes alng. Peple tend t underestimate the csts f this temprary clness, which they pay in mre ways than ne. Dn't fall int the early adpter trap. Dn't jin the first wave f cnsumers wh invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
T put it frankly, early adptin is a bad investment. First, the earliest versins f devices are nt nly expensive, they are als the mst expensive that thse devices will ever be. Cmpanies are presumably attempting t recver the cst f prductin as fast as they can, and they knw that there are serius tech-lvers wh will pay a great deal t be first. Once the revenues frm early adpters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift t the next marketing phase: selling the prduct t everyne else. This is why the cst f the riginal iPhne drpped abut U. S. $200 nly eight mnths after its release. Plus, electrnics hardly ever becme mre expensive because intense cmpetitin in the industry puts dwnward pressure n prices ver time. Prices f gadgets will fall shrtly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV mdels drp significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electrnics rapidly depreciate because they becme bslete (废弃的) s quickly. This means that early adpters pay the maximum price fr an item that des nt hld nt its value. The resale price f a cell phne r laptp can drp by fifty percent within just a few mnths.
Speaking f becming bslete, thse wh are first t leap int a new technlgy risk wasting mney and time n smething that will never catch n. Anther gd reasn t resist the early-adptin temptatin is that the first versin f a prduct typically has defects that cst a lt in time and frustratin. Such prblems are s cmmn with new technlgy that early adpters are basically unpaid beta testers and trubleshters. Unless this sunds t yu like a fun way t spend yur time, dn’t be amng the first users. If yu wait t learn what the prblems are with a new electrnic gadget, yu can lk frward t a smther experience—r chse a less trublesme prduct.
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2019年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Where are the bees?
Bees are essential t the prductin f fd we eat. Bees make hney, but they als pllinate large areas f crps, such as straw berries, apples and nins. Abut a third f the fd we eat is a result f pllinatin f the bees. Unfrtunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2006, bee keepers started reprting abut smething called Clny Cllapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign f CCD is the lss f adult hney bees frm a hive. In Octber f 2006, sme beekeepers reprted that they had lst between 30 and 90 percent f their hives.
There were many theries fr the disappearance f the bees. But the mst cnvincing ne has t d with pesticides and lifestyles f bees tday. Nwadays, beekeeper get mst f their incme nt frm prducing hney but frm renting bees t pllinate plants. This means that the life f the typical bee nw cnsists f travelling all arund the cuntry t pllinate crps as the seasns change. That means a lt f traveling n trucks, which is very stressful t bees. It is nt unusual fr up t 30% f the hive t die during transprt due t stress. In additin, bees that spend mst f their time lcked up n trucks are nt expsed t what they usually live n. Instead, they live n a sweet liquid frm crn, usually plluted with pesticides.
The exact reasn fr the disappearance f bees is nt sure, but lsing bees is very cstly t the ecnmy. The bee pllinatin services are wrth ver $8 billin a year. With n bees, pllinatin will have t be dne by hand, which wuld have effects n the quality f fd and increased fd priced. We hear a lt abut big envirnmental disasters almst every day. But ne f the biggest may just be the less f that tiny flying insect.
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2018年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Becming an attractive emplyee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable jb market. Fast-frward t the present, and the ecnmy has nt fully recvered. Thus, it’s f vital imprtance fr jb seekers t carefully strategize their apprach t jb applicatin. And it is especially imprtant fr thse new t the wrkfrce. They shuld lk at making themselves as attractive as pssible t emplyers.
Fr yung peple, infrmatin technlgy skills will play an increasing rle in the future As the generatin t have grwn up in the Infrmatin Age, they are quite cnfident when it cmes t shwing ff their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit fr cmpanies seeking expertise in technlgy, marketing, and netwrking. They shuld emphasize these skills when applying fr jbs that require the ability t multitask.
Anther attractive quality is experience. It is imprtant that an applicant’s resume list any activities that invlved teamwrk and gal-driven respnsibilities. Membership in a sprts r scial club and participatin as a vlunteer are gd examples f this. These activities invlve gal management and planning, alng with the ability t fcus while cmpeting n a team. When hiring cmmittees see this, they see a candidate wh is capable f wrking in a variety f envirnments.
Finally, an attractive quality when jb-hunting is a great attitude tward a ptential jb. Yung jb seekers are knwn t be vercnfident because they have been praised fr everything they have dne. But they must realize that the emplyment market is abut hw an emplyee will be a gd fit fr a cmpany, nt the ther way arund. In fact, in an interview, an imprtant questin t ask is: “What wuld be expected f me as an emplyee?”
In tday’s tugh jb market. yung jb seekers need t prvide a ptential emplyer with gd reasns t hire them.
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2018年1月高考真题
IV. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
（httpsthecnversatin.cm/the-evlutinary-rigins-f-laughter-are-rted-mre-in-survival-than-enjyment
T Laugh Is Human
Mst f us dn’t knw why we laugh at sme jkes and nt at thers. Scientists knw that we are able t laugh at birth. Babies begin t laugh at three t fur mnths f age, well befre they prduce their first wrds. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.
Scientists believe humans laugh with thers primarily because it makes us feel cnnected with ne anther, which in turn gives us a sense f trust and cmfrt. T scientists, laughter is an uncnscius reactin; cnsequently, when we laugh, thers can be certain that it is an hnest reactin, and hnesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.
Since laughter is seen as a scial signal that we send t thers, it can als help explain why it is s infectius. Studies have prven that when peple see r hear smething funny, they are 20 times mre likely t laugh when they are with thers than when they are alne. Wanting t be accepted by thers is part f human nature. And mirrring ther peple’s laughter is a way t signal t thers that yu feel the way they d, which makes us feel mre cnnected with ne anther.
Humans have nt always laughed just s they can feel clser t thers, hwever. Scientists pint ut that this scial functin f laughter was brn ut f an even mre fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came abut because it cntributed t ur very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured ur ancestrs a higher survival rate because it led t greater cperatin between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cperatin led t survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with thers increased ut chances f finding peple t cperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.
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2017年6月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Learning by Rte in the Digital Age
Rte learning has becme seen as an utdated methd f teaching. The dictinary defines learning ‘by rte’ as: ‘frm memry, withut thught f the meaning; in a mechanical way’.
The decline f rte learning has been quickened by technlgy. N ne needs t memrize friends’ phne numbers r email addresses because such data is cnveniently stred and accessible electrnically. And why remember when and where Wrld War Tw brke ut when yu can find the answer n the internet in abut 6 secnds? But nw there are vices fr a need t return t rte learning.
In fact, memrizing key data is essential t learning any skill. Dctring requires knwledge f medicine and lawyering requires knwledge f cases and laws. Of curse, being able t recall things will nt further yur understanding f thse things, but withut memrizing these fundatin elements, yu cannt prgress t a deeper understanding f a subject.
While the internet and cmputers have weakened the need fr us t remember things, it may well be that mbile learning can help bring this style f learning back t life by making it mre cnvenient and mre fun.
Drilling yurself-with flashcards r by repetitin-is usually hard and bring wrk, which is why mst peple need their multiplicatin tables t be drilled int them by teachers r parents. Rte learning withut a willing third party can be a battle f discipline and mtivatin. But mbile learning can make thse flashcards and drills mre apprpriate t individual study; ur digital devices can challenge and infrm us at the same time and als keep us mtivated, whether thrugh game-like structures r recrding ur prgress.
Once yu’ve acquired the essentials f a subject by rte learning, yu will find it easier t g deeper in the applicatin f knwledge which is imprtant.
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2017年1月高考真题
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Shyness
If yu suffer shyness, yu are nt alne. It is nt surprising that scial scientists are explring its envirnmental causes.
The first envirnmental cause f shyness many be a child’s hme and family life. Tday’s children are grwing up smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Grwing up in hmes in which bth parents wrk full time, children may nt have the scializing experience f frequent visits by neighburs and friends. Because f their lack f scial skills, they may begin t feel shy when they start schl.
A secnd envirnmental cause f shyness in an individual may be ne’s culture. In a large study cnducted in Japan, 57 percent f participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Hendersn and Philip Zimbard say, “One explanatin is that in Japan, an individual’s perfrmance success is credited externally t parents, grandparents, teachers, caches, and thers, while failure is entirely blamed n the persn.” Therefre, Japanese learn nt t take risks in public and rely instead n grup-shared decisins.
Technlgy may als pay a rle. In the United States, the number f yung peple wh reprt being shy has risen frm 40 percent t 50 percent in recent years. Due t ur huge advances in technlgy, watching televisin, playing vide games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreatinal activities that invlve scial interactin fr many yung peple. Adults, t, are becming islated as a result f technlgy. Face t face interactin with bank clerks, gas statin attendants are n lnger necessary because peple can use machines t d their banking, fill their their gas tanks, and rder gds. In shrt, they becme shy.
It appears that mst peple have experienced shyness at sme time in their lives. Therefre, if yu are shy, yu have lts f cmpany.
If yu suffer shyness, yu are nt alne. It is nt surprising that scial scientists are explring its envirnmental causes.
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模拟练习（一）
Summary Writing (10分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51．（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Multi-tasking
Are yu a multitasker? D yu watch TV and ck dinner at the same time? D yu ften interrupt yur wrk t check yur email? D yu talk n yur phne while yu’re driving? If yu d these r similar things, then yu are ne f many multitaskers. Accrding t a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent f American adults multitask regularly.
Mst peple say they multitask because they are t busy, and multitasking saves time. Ppular electrnic devices like tablets and smart phnes make it cnvenient t d several tasks at nce, s peple feel like they are getting mre dne. Melissa Brwn f Evanstn, Illinis, says she has n truble listening t music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages t friends while she des her hmewrk.
Recent studies, hwever, shw that Melissa and thers like her are perhaps getting less dne than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “micrinterruptins” in which peple stp ne task, start anther, and eventually return t the first ne. These stps and starts make it difficult t cncentrate, and s multitaskers actually waste time, accrding t a study at Micrsft Crpratin. In the study, wrkers wh interrupted their wrk t answer an email r text message tk an average f 15 minutes t return t the wrk they were ding befre the interruptin.
Sme psychlgists say that the human brain just isn’t gd at cncentrating n tw things at the same time. This desn’t matter if yu’re nly preparing a salad and listening t the radi, they say. But if yu’re ding a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a reprt, then multitasking can slw yu dwn and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerus, as in the case f peple wh talk n the phne, eat, r even apply makeup while driving.
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模拟练习（二）
Summary Writing (10分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51．（2023春·上海杨浦·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize in n mre than 60 wrds the main idea f the passage and hw it is illustrated. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Learning t write effectively
I’ve been writing fr mst f my life. The bk Writing Withut Teachers intrduced me t ne distinctin and ne practice that has helped my writing prcesses tremendusly. The distinctin is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While yu need t emply bth t get t a finished result, they cannt wrk in parallel n matter hw much we might like t think s.
Trying t criticize writing n the fly is pssibly the single greatest barrier t writing that mst f us encunter. If yu are listening t that 5th grade English teacher crrect yur grammar while yu are trying t capture a fleeting(lasting nly a shrt time)thught , the thught will die. If yu capture the fleeting thught and simply share it with the wrld in raw frm, n ne is likely t understand.
The practice that can help yu past yur learned bad habits f trying t edit as yu write is what Elbw calls “free writing.” In free writing, the bjective is t get wrds dwn n paper nn-stp, usually fr 15-20 minutes. N stpping, n ging back, n criticizing. The gal is t get the wrds flwing. As the wrds begin t flw, the ideas will cme frm the shadws and let themselves be captured n yur ntepad r yur screen.
Nw yu have raw materials that yu can begin t wrk with using the critical mind that yu’ve persuaded t sit n the side and watch quietly. Mst likely, yu will believe that this will take mre time than yu actually have and yu will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead f staring at a blank, start filling it with wrds n matter hw bad. Halfway thrugh yur available time, stp and rewrk yur raw writing int smething clser t finished prduct. Mve back and frth until yu run ut f time and the final result will mst likely be far better than yur current practices.
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