译林版九年级下册英语第四单元Unit4单元知识点讲义

这是一份译林版九年级下册英语第四单元Unit4单元知识点讲义，共7页。
Unit 4 Life on Mars单元知识点一、重要短语1、look for，find，find out 这三个词都有“找”的涵义，但具体用法有别： 1）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。如： —What are you looking for？ —I'm looking for my bike． 2）find意为“找到”“发现”，强调“找”的结果，其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。如： —Did you find Li Ming yesterday？ —No，we looked for him everywhere，but didn't find him． 3）find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情，其后的宾语常常是某个情况、事实。如： Please find out when the train leaves． Have you found out why he was late? 2、take 拿，取 take sth with sb 把某物带在身边 take sth/sb to sp 把某人/某物带到某地 E.g You should take an umbrella with you. Can you take my bag to the classroom please? 【拓展】take的用法 1）表示“乘坐某一交通工具”  Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi?  They usually take a bus to work. 2）表示“花费”，常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。  How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 3）吃，喝，服用，放 Will you take a glass of milk? Take the medicine three times a day. Do you take sugar in your milk? 4)表示“（顾客在商店）选取，买下”相当于buy/get That’s cheap.I’ll take it. 5)含有take的短语 take exercise 运动，锻炼 take off 起飞；脱下 take away拿走 take a look (at) 看一看 take down取下 take out拿出，取出 take care of照顾 ake part in 参加 take place发生 take pictures照相 3、rapid adj. 快的 rapidly adv. 【辨析】fast/quick/rapid 1) 表示人的动作之迅速，三者都可用，有时可换用。如：  a fast /rapid/quick worker 做事手脚快的人  a fast /rapid/quick typist 打字快的打字员 2)fast 表示“快”，侧重指速度方面。如：  She ran as fast as she could. 她有好快就跑好快。  You are reading too fast for me to follow. 你读得太快，我跟不上。 注：询问速度或表示钟表走得快等，通常用 fast。如：  How fast is the fish swimming? 这鱼游得有多快?  My watch is 5 minutes fast. 我的表快 5 分钟。 3)quick 通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，有时还含有匆忙之意(但通常不指动作的频率)。如：  He gave her a quick kiss. 他突然吻了她一下。He had a quick look at it. 他匆匆地扫了一眼。 She ate a quick breakfast and rushed off to work. 她匆匆吃了早餐就赶去上班。 注：催人快做(快走等)，通常用 quick。如： Be quick! 快点! 4) rapid 比另外两词要稍正式些，通常指突然或急速(且连续不断)的动作。如：  a rapid burst of machine-gun fire 机枪声骤起  He asked questions in rapid succession. 他连珠炮似地发问。 注：另外 rapid 还有一个特殊用法，即指一种有益的高速度(相比之下，fast 和 quick 有时指无益的急速)。如：  He made rapid progress in English. 他在英语方面取得了很快的进步。 4、increase n.增长，增加 v.增长，增加  E.g The popular of the earth is increasing very fast. 【辨析】increase by，increase to  increase to+具体的增长后的数字，表示“增长到...”  The population has increased from 1.2milion to 1.8 milion. 人口已从120万增长到了180万。  increase by+倍数或百分比，表示“按多少增长了...百分比/倍”如，  The rate of the town’s population has increased by 2% 该镇的人口率增长了2% 5、a number of，the number of 1) a number of  a number of意思是“许多的；若干，一些”相当于many，后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。  a number of词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等（例如：a large/small/great number of,但不能用little修饰）。  E.g A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 2) the number of  the number of意思是“...的数字/数目”，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰the number当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：  E.g The number of students is about twenty. 6、three-eighths 八分之三  英语中，分数的表达方法是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式；分子和分母之间可用连词符连接，也可不用。  One fifth of my classmates are from the countryside.  Two thirds of the earth is covered with water. 注：1）当分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于与分数相关的名词或代词的数。 2）“二分之一”习惯上用one half表示；“四分之一”与“四分之三”用one quarter/three quarters表示。 7、compare vt.&vi. 比较  It’s hard to compare.  It’s interesting to compare these two cars. 【固定搭配】 1）compare with和...比较  My own problems seem insignificant compared with others.和别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。 2）compare... to..把...比作  Poets have compared sleep to death.诗人曾把睡眠比作死亡。 8、mean v. 1) 意思是，表示...的意思 What do you mean by saying so? 2) 意味着；就是。后接名词、动名词或that从句 常用结构：mean doing sth意味着做某事 This means that we have to return without any result. That would mean wasting a lot of water. 3) 意欲；企图。后接名词、代词或动词不定式 常用结构：mean to do sth打算做某事 I’ve been meaning to phone you all weak. 9、be filled with = be full of 充满，装满 The bottle is filled with water.=The bottle is full of water. 注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此处filled 表示“充满了的”指处于一种状态。 此外，fill作为动词可用其主动形式，亦可构成另外短语。如： Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子装满沙子。 Fill in the blanks .填空。 【辨析】be filled with强调动作 The trucks are filled with apples.  be full of 强调状态 Her eyes were full of tears.她眼泪汪汪的。 10、take/spend/cost/pay 11、agreement n. 协议，同意 This is an agreement between you and me.【固定搭配】 1）by agreement 约好 2）come to/arrive at/reach/make an agreement 达成协议；取得一致意见 3）in agreement (with)同意,（和...）一致 （多作表语，间或构成复合宾语） 【拓展】 agree on sth同意某事 agree with sb同意某人 12、by 1）by+地点名词，“在...旁边/在..附近” I sit by the window. 2）by+时间名词“到...为止”，常用语完成时中 By the end of last term,we had learned 30 English poems. 3）by+交通工具/交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词并不用复数）“通过...的方式” by train/bus/bike 4）用于被动语态，引出动作的执行者 He was hit by his father. 5）不迟于；在...的时候 She should be back by now. 13、miss 1) miss 小姐 May I help you, miss? 2) miss 没赶上；错过 He arrived too late and missed the train. 3) miss 避开 If you go early, you'll miss the traffic. 4) miss 想念 I really miss you! 14、worry 1)worry vt.“使烦恼”，“使焦虑”，常接sb.作宾语。  ①What worried you so much? 什么事使你这么着急？  ②His bad health worried his parents greatly. 你身体不好使他的父母很发愁。 2)worry vi.意为“烦恼、担心、发愁”，常跟介词about。  ①Tell them not to worry. 告诉他们不要担心。  ②They are worrying about the coming exam. 他们正在为即将到来的考试而发愁。 3)be worried about表示“对……担心，忧虑”。（表示一种状态） Don't worry/be worried about John. He'll be back soon. 不必为约翰担忧，他马上就回来。 15、prefer（preferred，preferred）宁愿选择，更喜欢=like better prefer sth 更喜欢某物 prefer (not) to do sth 宁愿选择（不）做某事 prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事更喜欢做某事 prefer to do rather than do sth 比起做某事更喜欢做某事 E.g. I prefer the red coat. I prefer cats to dogs. I prefer to watch TV rather than go out. 二、重要句型1、Who do you think isthe greatest person that has ever lived? 你认为谁是人类史上最伟大的人? 2、Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon …尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个在月球上行走的人„„3、It is said that Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control which said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them. 据说阿姆斯特朗发了一条信息给任务控制中心，上面说有两个大而奇怪的物体落在他们附近观察他们。4、Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible. 阿姆斯特朗是一个使全球的人们意识到太空探险真的成为可能的人。5、one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind 个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。6、How do you like life on Mars？你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？ How do you like...?常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何。How是副词，修饰动词like。表达这一意思还可以说What do you think of...? --How do you like this film? --It’s very boring. 7、Daniel is thinking about life in the future. 1）think about 考虑 I’m thinking about what to wear. 2) think of 想起，认为，考虑 I thought of a good idea to solve the problem just now. 3)think over (反复、仔细)思考，考虑 Let’s think over the problem to see who can work out it first. 8、I hope so.我希望如此。 【辨析】I hope so./I hope not. 1)I hope so.表示肯定的希望（其中的so代表上文所提到的事情），意为“希望如此” --Will it be fine tomorrow? --I hope so. 2)I hope not.表示否定的希望（其中的not代表上文所提到的事情），意为“希望不会如此” --Is he coming to the party? --I hope not. 三、语法句式（二） 一、用at the age of，because of，without把复合句改为简单句 1、用at the age of吧时间状语从句改为简单句 I could read English when I was six. I could read English at the age of six. 2、用because of把原因状语从句改为简单句 He couldn’t come because he was ill. He couldn’t come because of his illness. 3、用without把条件状语从句改为简单句 I can’t finish the work if you don’t help me. I can’t finish the work without your help. 二、用适当地介词，如of、about把宾语从句改为简单句 We are sure he will make great progress this term. We are sure of/about his great progress this term. 三、用介词with或without把定语从句改为简单句 I’d like to buy a big house which has a big garden. I’d like to buy a house with a big garden. 词汇常见句型takeIt takes sb some time to do sth spendSb spends some time/money on sth Sb spends some time/money (in) doing sth costSth costs sb some money paySb pays some money for sth