2024届高三英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件

这是一份2024届高三英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件，共17页。PPT课件主要包含了语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近（毗邻）一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。The cmmittee are unable t reach a decisin.（委员会没有一致通过。）(意义一致)The number f errrs was surprising.（错误的数量太惊人了。）(语法一致)Either my sisters r my father is cming.（或是我姐妹们来，或是我父亲来。）(毗邻一致)
1. 主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。The prductin has grwn three hundred percent.（产量增长了三倍。）Scissrs are a small cutting tl with tw sharp blades.（剪刀是小型的双刃切割工具。）(由两部分组成的物体名词通常以-s结尾，被看作复数，谓语用复数)One pair f scissrs is nt enugh.（一把剪刀不够用。）(前面带有单位词，谓语的单复数由单位词的单复数决定)
2. 主语后跟有with, alng with, tgether with, cmbined with, as well as, in additin t, including, like, but, except, rather than, mre than, n less than, as much as等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.（老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。）Mre than ne student has been admitted t the club.（不止一名学生被录取到这家俱乐部。）I think Tm, rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.（我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。）
3. 由kind, frm, type, srt等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。This new type f buses is nw n shw.（这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。）4. a quantity f接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities f后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。A large quantity f gd earth is being washed away each year.＝Quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.（每年有大量的沃土被冲走。）
1. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词，用单数谓语形式。(虽然意义上是复数)常见的这部分名词有：aircraft, baggage, clthing, crckery, ftwear, furniture, glassware, hardware, humanity, jewelry, luggage, machinery, mankind, merchandize, petry, pttery, statinery, underwear, vegetatin, weapnry等。Mankind has made cnstant prgress in these fields.（人类在这些领域不断取得进步。）All the statinery we need has been rdered nline.（我们所需的文具都已在网上订购。）
2. 通常作复数的集体名词，用复数谓语形式。(只有单数形式，但表达的却是复数概念)常见的这部分名词有：cattle, faculty, militia (民兵组织), peple, plice, pultry (家禽), vermin (害虫)等。The cattle feed upn the grass.（牛以草为食。）The plice have caught the murderer.（警察已经抓住了凶手。）Faculty are als in demand t build new curses.（教师也有开设新课程的需求。）注：以上少数名词有复数形式，但含义不同。如：peples（民族）。
3. 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，要根据意义（具体语境）来决定谓语的形式：强调整体时谓语用单数，强调个体时谓语用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army (陆军), assciatin, audience, band, bard, cast, clan, class, clique, club, cllege, cmmittee, cmpany, cmmunity, cngregatin, cuncil, cuple (夫妻), crew, crwd (群众), enemy, family, firm, fleet, flck, flk, gang, gvernment, grup, jury, kingdm, mb, navy, ppsitin, rchestra, pack, pair, party, persnnel, prfessin, ppulatin, staff, schl, team, tribe, unin, university等。(机构、团队等名称作主语时也适用。)
The audience cnsists mainly f yung peple.（观众群体主要是年轻人。）(当作整体看待，谓语用单数)The audience were clapping fr ver ten minutes.（观众们鼓掌长达十多分钟。）(强调每一位观众，谓语用复数)The staff is given the ptin t have an pen plan frmat.（员工可以选择开放式的格局。）(当作整体看待，谓语用单数)The staff in this shp are very enthusiastic and helpful.（这家店的工作人员非常热情，乐于助人。）(强调每一位工作人员，谓语用复数)
4. 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.（书记兼经理出席了会议。）The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.（书记和经理都出席了会议。）Fish and chips is a classic British dish.（炸鱼和薯条是一道经典的英国菜。）The irn and steel industry is very imprtant t ur life.（钢铁工业对我们的生活很重要。）
5. 如果主语是and连接的两个单数名词，前面如有each, every, many a, n等修饰时，谓语用单数形式。During the hlidays, every train and steambat was crwded.（假期中，每列火车、每艘客轮都挤满了乘客。）N teacher and n student is admitted.（师生一律不得入内。）Many a by and many a girl has seen this painting.（许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。）6. 非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。T prevent the air frm being plluted is what we’re nw researching.（阻止空气受污染是我们现在正在研究的课题。）
7. 从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。That Jack has gne abrad makes us all surprised.（杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。）由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主语的谓语动词用复数形式。What we need are qualified teachers.（我们需要的是合格的教师。）What I say and d is/are helpful t yu.（我所说的和所做的都对你有帮助。）
8. all, half, mst, nne, sme以及lts, plenty, heaps, lads, scads等代词作主语时，其谓语单复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。Mst f his spare time was spent in reading.（他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。）Mst f the huses in this twn are new.（这个镇上的大多数房屋是新的。）Lts f stuff des nt have anything t d with it.（很多东西都与此无关。）Nne f the mney is mine.（这笔钱中没有一点是我的。）
9. 由合成代词sme/any/n/every＋thing/bdy/ne作主语，跟单数谓语动词。Nthing but trees was t be seen.（看得见的只有树。）There’s smene at the dr.（门口有个人。）10. 确定数量概念的名词词组做主语，如果数量概念被看作一个整体，谓语用单数；若被看作个体，则用复数。Ten years is a lng time t wait fr a mdern interface.（花费十年开发一个现代化的界面，耗时过长。）(看作整体)The next ten years are crucial fr ur ecnmic develpment.（下个十年对于经济发展至关重要。）(看作个体)
11. 用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。（两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。）Eighteen plus tw makes/make twenty.（18加2等于20。）Eighteen times tw is/are thirty-six.（18乘以2等于36。）12. 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其意义。如果是单数集合名词，谓语动词用单、复数均可。Fifty percent f sharks are threatened with extinctin.（百分之五十的鲨鱼面临灭绝的威胁。）The first part f the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.（讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。）
1. 由there，here引导的句子，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three bks and a pen n the desk.（桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。）2. 由r, nr, , , nt (als), 连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。Neither I nr he is t blame.（我和他俩都不该受责备。）Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.（要么你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。）