江苏省阜宁中学2022届高三下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省阜宁中学2022届高三下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Mst f us have dreamed f being a great inventr t create smething great. Hwever, just because smene’s invented smething, it desn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.
Albert Einstein—The Atmic Bmb
It’s Albert Einstein’s wrk that made the creatin f the atmic bmb pssible.
Hwever, years later Einstein regretted having signed a letter t President Rsevelt urging him t supprt the research int nuclear chain reactins, because he believed the Germans were already wrking n it. “Had I knwn that the Germans wuld nt succeed in prducing an atmic bmb,” he said, “I wuld have never lifted a finger.”
Ethan Zuckerman—The Pp-up Advertisement
If yu’ve ever fund yurself yelling at yur cmputer screen in frustratin as yet anther pp-up ad leaps int view, Zuckerman is the persn t blame. “The business mdel that gt us funded was advertising. The mdel was analyzing users’ persnal hmepages s we culd better target ads t them. Alng the way, we ended up creating ne f the mst hated tls in the advertiser’s tlkit: the pp-up ad,” Zuckerman explained.
Bb Prpst—The Office Cubicle
In the 1960s, Bb Prpst intrduced the ffice cubicle t Americans. It was designed t “give knwledge wrkers a mre flexible envirnment than the rat-maze bxes f ffices”. Cmpanies saw his inventin as a way t save mney, ding away with individual ffices and replacing them with pen plans and cubicles. Hwever, Prpst came t cmplain his inventin. “The cubiclizing f peple in mdern crpratins is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.
1．What are the initial purpse f the inventins f the Pp-up Advertisement and the Office Cubicle?
A. T save mney.B. T entertain the users.
C. T benefit the cmpanies.D. T impress the cmpanies.
2．What d the three inventins have in cmmn?
A. Their inventrs regretted their creatins.
B. They are disliked by all thse wh use them.
C. They have been widely used in ur daily life.
D. The inventins culd save a lt f mney.
3．In which sectin f a magazine may this text appear?
A. Stry.B. Business.C. Educatin.D. Technlgy.
Fr mst children, bath time is fun. But fur-year-ld Harry Flyd used t have a very different experience—sn after climbing int the water he felt itchy (发痒的) frm head t ft.
Harry first started t develp small itchy bumps n the skin at three mnths ld. He wke at 3 a. m. and was cvered in the bumps, but they cleared up within an hur. When Harry's mther Lisa gt him t the dctr, there was nthing t see. Lisa initially thught it was the sap that Harry was allergic t, but even when she just used water t bathe him he wuld still get the bumps. Lisa was then alarmed t see that when the weather was really cld r ht Harry wuld start t get them. Within a few minutes they wuld spread ver his bdy. He'd just scream and try t scratch them.
Lisa and her husband Eddie tk Harry t the dctr many times ver the next year, but were tld it was simply a virus and the cnditin wuldn't affect his lder brther, Oliver. At six mnths Harry was diagnsed with several fd allergies, which dctrs thught might have caused the bumps. But Harry cntinued t get the bumps even after shunning thse fds. Out f desperatin, the family tk Harry t Great Ormnd Street Hspital t see a private specialist. By cincidence, Harry gt the bumps when they were waiting t see the cnsultant. S the cnsultant saw exactly hw severe it was. And Harry was diagnsed with physical urticaria (荨麻疹), a skin allergy t a hst f cmmn triggers (触发物). Since the diagnsis, Harry’s cnditin has greatly imprved.
The cause f physical urticaria is still a mystery. Genetics may play a rle and stress has been seen as a trigger. Frm newbrn babies t the ld are likely t suffer frm it. Recent research suggests arund ne millin peple in Britain suffer frm the cnditin, althugh experts say this may be inaccurate, with many mre ging undiagnsed.
4．Why des Harry's prblem remain unslved at the first time?
A. Lisa was unsure abut the triggers.
B. Hspital equipment was nt advanced.
C. His symptms disappeared in a shrt time.
D. Dctrs lacked experience t identify the bumps.
5．What des the underlined wrd “shunning” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Digesting.B. Aviding.C. Selecting.D. Ignring.
6．What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A. Physical urticaria can start at any age.
B. Harry's father used t have physical urticaria.
C. Physical urticaria is rather uncmmn in Britain.
D. Physical urticaria can be easily passed n t children.
7．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. The symptms f a rare disease.
B. The pssible causes f physical urticaria.
C. A family seeking treatment fr their injured kid.
D. A little by suffering frm a terrible skin allergy.
I have frequently taught Research Methds and Design t cllege students at several institutins. I lve teaching this curse. One reasn, f curse, is that I enjy thinking abut research methdlgy (方法学) and sharing it with thers. The ther reasn, hwever, is the bvius impact that it has n students. Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students t achieve in this curse.
This brings t mind smething written by Drthy L. Sayers in 1948. One f her bks, The Lst Tls f Learning speaks t Sayers’ thughts n educatin. “By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi,we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her bservatin is still relevant. Sayers’ pint is well taken. In the wrld f 24-hur news and scial media that ften resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability t carry ut evaluatins has never been mre imprtant. In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methds and Design curse, they are generally nt cntent t read all thse research article I give. Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities.
8．What is the authr’s curse gal fr her students?
A. Thinking critically.B. Reading deeply.
C. Designing studies well.D. Questining themselves.
9．What did Sayers imply abut educatin?
A. It was bring.B. It was wrrying.
C. It was cnventinal.D. It was useless.
10．What des the underlined wrd “distrtins” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Ppular news.B. Varius evaluatins.
C. Persuasive arguments.D. Misleading infrmatin.
11．Why des the authr write the text?
A. T review a bk.B. T intrduce a writer.
C. T suggest a practical skill.D. T criticize scial media.
By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a persn’s eyes, dctrs might ne day be able t predict that persn’s risk f early death, accrding t a new study.
Past research had shwn the retina (视网膜), light-sensitive layers f nerve tissue at the back f the eye, as a pssible indicatr f a persn’s bjlgical age. The retina ffers a unique, accessible “windw” t evaluate underlying pathlgical (病理的) prcesses f sme serius diseases that are assciated with increased risks f death. In the new study, the researchers turned t a deep-learning technique that culd predict a persn’s risk f death by analyzing the bilgical age f the retina.
Their deep-learning mdel, a type f machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s mdeled t learn similar t a human brain, analyzed mre than 80.000 images f fundus (眼底) - the internal back surface f the eye that includes the retina. They btained the images frm nearly 47.000 peple between the ages f 40 and 69, stred in the UK. Bibank. TO figure ut whether their mdel was accurate, they first analyzed mre than 19,000 fundus images taken frm mre than 1,100 participants wh were in relatively gd health. The idea was that the retinal bilgical ages f these peple shuld be fairly similar t their chrnlgical age (实际年龄) .
The mdel was fairly accurate in predicting retinal ages, with an accuracy f within 3.5 years t chrnlgical ages. They then used the mdel t assess the remaining nearly 36,000 participants’ fundus phts cllected acrss a span f 11 years. They fund that 51 percent f the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between bilgical and chrnlgical age - f mre than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap f mre than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap f mre than 10 years. In ther wrds, these participants had “lder” eyes cmpared t their chrnlgical age.
Thse wh had larger age gaps had a 49-67 percent higher risk f death frm causes ther than cardivascular disease r cancer. With every ne year increase in the age gap, the risk f death increased by 2 percent fr any cause and 3 percent fr causes ther than cardivascular disease and cancer.
12．What can we knw abut the retina?
A. It causes serius diseases.
B. It indicates the risk f death.
C. It speeds pathlgical prcesses.
D. It imprves peple’s physical health.
13．Hw d researchers knw the retinal age?
A. By examining the nerve tissue.
B. By studying the human brain,
C. By checking the eyesight.
D. By analyzing fundus images.
14．What percentage f the participants had the largest retinal age gap?
A. 3.5%.B. 4.5%.C. 28%.D. 51%
15．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. A new study is cnducted n tiny vessels
B. Image technlgy is used t predict diseases
C. Eyes may reveal a persn’s bilgical age
D. A deep-leaning n the retina is necessary
二、七选五
16． The 24 slar terms were created thusands f years ag in China t guide agricultural prductin. They als reflect China’s rich histry thrugh the seasnal festivals, special fds, cultural ceremnies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that crrespnd with each slar term. ①_________
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blssming: the river water defreezes. wild geese mve frm suth t nrth and trees and grass tum green again.
②_________ In nrthern China, the spring drught is cmmn and the precipitatin f this seasn accunts fr nly 10 t 15 percent f annual average rainfall. At this time f year, farmers begin t plugh their fields. It’s the right time t prepare fr spring swing when the day gets warmer. ③_________
During Rain Water perid, extra care is needed t deal with a returning cld spell and humidity, which is the amunt f water in the air. ④_________ It is strngly advised nt t take ff the thick cats t early and t keep warm, especially the elderly and children.
The wet and humid weather during Rain Water perid is cnsidered harmful fr peple’s spleen and stmach accrding t Chinese medical practice. ⑤_________ Peple in Beijing ften eat prridge (粥) cked with a kind f Chinese herb medicine t resist cld and wet weather. Hney, dates and Chinese yam are als very gd nurishment (营养) t put in the prridge
A.With Rain Water cming, insects becme mre active.
B.A bwl f nutritius prridge is the best chice t nurish the bdy.
C.Therefre, Rain Water is cnsidered as a key perid t water the fields.
D.Accrding t an ld Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precius as il.
E.The temperature in mst f the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water
F.One f the 24 slar terms, which is very imprtant in spring, is called Rain Water.
G.The fast increase in air humidity due t rainfall can result in lwer temperature and wet weather.
三、完形填空（15空）
Gvernments are keen n higher educatin, seeing it as a means t bst scial mbility and ecnmic grwth. Almst all subsidise tuitin — in America, t the tune f $200 billin a year. But they tend t verestimate the benefits and 1 the csts f expanding university educatin. As mre yung peple seek degrees, the returns bth t them and t gvernments are 2 .
Spending n universities is usually 3 by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjy ver nn-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking ges, 4 an ecnmic bst fr sciety as a whle. But the graduate premium is a faulty unit f calculatin. Part f the usefulness f a degree is that it gives a graduate jb-seeker an advantage 5 nn-graduates. It is als a signal t emplyers f general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence, that smene already has in rder t get int a university. Sme prfessins require qualificatins. But a degree is nt always the best 6 f the skills and knwledge needed fr a jb. With degrees s 7 , emplyers are using them as a way t screen applicants. Nn-graduates are thus increasingly 8 decent wrk.
In any case, the premium cunts nly the winners and nt the lsers. Acrss the rich wrld, a third f university students never graduate. It is the weakest students wh are drawn in as higher educatin 9 and wh are mst likely t drp ut. They pay fees and 10 earnings t study, but see little imprvement in their future incmes. When drputs are 11 , the expected financial return t starting a degree fr the weakest students shrinks t almst nthing. Many schl-leavers are being 12 abut the prbable value f university.
Gvernments need t ffer the yung a wider range f ptins after schl. They shuld start by rethinking their wn 13 practices. Schl-leavers shuld be given a wider variety f ways t gain vcatin skills and t demnstrate their 14 . If schl qualificatins were made mre difficult t get, emplyers wuld be mre likely t trust them as signals f ability, and less 15 degrees. “Micr-credentials” — shrt, wrk-fcused curses apprved by big emplyers in fast-grwing fields, such as IT — shw prmise.
17．A. calculateB. cverC. demnstrateD. ignre
18．A. truerB. fullerC. lwerD. earlier
19．A. supervisedB. increasedC. justifiedD. analysed
20．A. make up frB. add up tC. put up withD. stand up against
21．A. in terms fB. by means fC. at the expense fD. t the degree f
22．A. adjustmentB. extensinC. measureD. awareness
23．A. cmmnB. hardC. pssibleD. specific
24．A. driven intB. hidden frmC. taken up tD. lcked ut f
25．A. remainsB. expandsC. shrinksD. functins
26．A. adaptB. sacrificeC. withdrawD. relate
27．A. includedB. neglectedC. reducedD. surveyed
28．A. infrmedB. cnsultedC. misledD. misinterpreted
29．A. peratingB. hiringC. accuntingD. trading
30．A. emply-abilityB. availabilityC. sciabilityD. individuality
31．A. restricted tB. surprised atC. curius abutD. insistent n
四、短文填空
32．When I was 4, I wanted t g t Disney Wrld. Fr mst yung kids, it’s a nrmal request, but I wuld walk int Disney Wrld. I was brn three mnths premature, and because f this, I have cerebral palsy (脑瘫). It is a cnditin① _________ desn’t allw me t walk n my wn. Even s, my dad and I had a detailed plan.
Over the next three years r s, I wrked with physical therapists, acquired a walker and practiced walking, standing and balancing—all skills that I wuld need t turn my gal② _________ a reality.
Then I went, walking s slwly at first, then gradually③ _________ (speed) up, cmfrted and encuraged by all my friends and family. I lst my balance, bumping int smething. Luckily, we④ _________ (practice)and planned fr this type f situatin in advance. Hlding fast nt the handlebars, I gathered up all f my six-year-ld strength, picked up my walker and straightened ut, picking up my pace nce again. It wasn’t t lng⑤ _________ cheers came because I had made it t the end, ⑥ _________ my mm was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms pen wide ready⑦ _________ (hug)her sn and tell him hw prud she was.
Lking back n that experience, I realize smething pretty⑧ _________ (essence). Every nce in a while, life will thrw a few⑨ _________ (bump)in the rad. Thugh it may set yu back fr a bit, dn’t let it stp yu. Pick yurself up after yu have fallen and g n walking. It’s wrth⑩ _________. Besides, there just might be smene cheering yu n alng the way.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是学生会主席李华，当前新冠状病毒肆虐，请你围绕“从小事做起共战疫情”这一主题，给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。
要点如下：
1.倡议的原因和目的；
2.倡议的具体内容；
3.发出倡议。
注意；1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Prpsal
Dear schlmate,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Unin
Feb. 14th. 2020
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One Saturday afternn, I was watching TV in the living rm with my grandpa when a blinding flash f lightning flashed acrss the sky, fllwed by a deafening sund, and the pictures n TV disappeared with that sund. Befre I realized what had happened, a gray-white shadw rushed in thrugh the pen windw and flew ver my head. Bang! It hit the wall and slid ff t the flr. Shaking with fear, I apprached it cautiusly and saw that it was a pigen. It lked at me in fear, trying t pen its wings and struggling its feet, but apparently pwerless.
S I called my grandpa and immediately set ut t give it a helping hand. Taking it in my hands, I felt a few drps f warmth n my hands. It was bld! I gently spread its wings and there were a few red feathers inside. "Dn't wrry. We'll get it ut alive," Grandpa said t me. Then he gt the first-aid kit. With sme cttn, we dried the bld, cleaned the wund and then put it under a hairdryer t dry. All went smthly, fr the pigen had n strength left t resist. There happened t be an empty birdcage at hme, s I put it in gently and added a little water and sme grains.
Fr the next few days, the mment I gt hme frm schl, I wuld run t feed the pigen. And Grandpa helped a lt, tidying up the cage daily. Little by little, its strength returned. One evening, I fed it with the biscuit I was eating. It enjyed it! One week later, its wund almst healed(痊愈); its feathers grew and it became brave. Whenever I sat at the table eating biscuits, it lked up at me, cing(咕咕地叫) cnstantly. T my jy, I culd als reach int the cage t tuch it. When I gently fingered its head, it playfully pecked(啄) at me. Finally it cmpletely recvered. But every time I was with it, it seemed restless in the cage. T make it happy and pretty, I tied an range string(线) arund its leg.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
One day, hwever, when I returned hme, Grandpa met me at the dr, lking embarrassed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sure enugh, I saw a pigen flying int the huse the next afternn!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Alng the way, we ended up creating ne f the mst hated tls in the advertiser’s tlkit: the pp-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中“Cmpanies saw his inventin as a way t save mney, ding away with individual ffices and replacing them with pen plans and cubicles.(公司把他的发明看作是一种省钱的方法，它废除了个人办公室，用开放式的隔间和小隔间取而代之)”可知，弹出式广告和办公隔间发明的初衷是对公司有利。故选C。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中““Had I knwn that the Germans wuld nt succeed in prducing an atmic bmb,” he said, “I wuld have never lifted a finger.”(“如果我知道德国人造不出原子弹，”他说，“我绝不会动一根手指头。”)”；第三段中“Alng the way, we ended up creating ne f the mst hated tls in the advertiser’s tlkit: the pp-up ad(在这个过程中，我们最终创造了广告商工具箱中最讨厌的工具之一：弹出广告)”以及最后一段中““The cubiclizing f peple in mdem crpratins is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.(他说：“在现代公司里，把人关在格子间里是非常疯狂和愚蠢的。”)”可知，这三项发明的共同点是他们的发明者对他们的发明感到后悔。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Mst f us have dreamed f being a great inventr t create smething great. Hwever, just because smene’s invented smething, it desn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.(我们大多数人都梦想成为一个伟大的发明家，创造出伟大的东西。然而，仅仅因为有人发明了某样东西，并不意味着他们对最终结果感到满意)”结合文章介绍的都是发明及发明背后的故事，可推知，文章可能选自杂志的“科技”部分。故选D。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“ they cleared up within an hur.”(但他们在一小时内就消去了。)和第三句“When Harry’s mther Lisa gt him t the dctr, there was nthing t see. ”(当Harry的母亲丽莎带他去看医生时，什么也看不见了。) 可推知，Harry身上的肿块消失得很快，妈妈带他去看医生的时候已经消了，无法诊断，所以一开始问题没有得到解决。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段“ six mnths Harry was diagnsed with several fd allergies, which dctrs thught might have caused the bumps. But Harry cntinued t get the bumps even after shunning thse fds.”(...六个月大时，Harry被诊断出患有几种食物过敏，医生认为这可能是导致肿块的原因。但即使在shunning那些食物后，哈利还是会继续感到不适。)可知，六个月的时候Harry 被诊断出几种食物过敏，这可能导致了身上的肿块。But表示转折，所以此处指即使“避免”接触这些食物，他身上还是会长这些肿块。故选B项。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Frm newbrn babies t the ld are likely t suffer frm it.”(从新生儿到老年人都可能遭受这种疾病。)可知，从新生儿到老年人都可能得荨麻疹。故选A项。
7．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，作者主要是讲述小男孩Harry 患荨麻疹和寻医救治的经历。所以D项A little by suffering frm a terrible skin allergy(一个患有严重皮肤过敏的小男孩)符合文意。故选D项。
8．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi, we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读，我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
10．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the inventin f the film and the radi, we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用distrtins轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading infrmatin）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distrtins意为“Misleading infrmatin”。故选D项。
11．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?’”(每学期，一名（如果不是更多的话）学生都会告诉我这门课程对他/她有何影响：“我过去只是读文章，相信他们说的话，但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗？他们怎么知道的？这是一项精心设计的研究吗？’)”和第三段中的“In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully. (为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们，并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点，我们必须能够很好地推理，仔细地思考和作出判断)”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The retina ffers a unique, accessible “windw” t evaluate underlying pathlgical (病理的) prcesses f sme serius diseases that are assciated with increased risks f death. （视网膜提供了一个独特的、可访问的‘窗口’来评估一些与死亡风险增加相关的严重疾病的潜在病理过程）”可知，视网膜可以暗示死亡风险。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned t a deep-learning technique that culd predict a persn’s risk f death by analyzing the bilgical age f the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”和第三段的“Their deep-learning mdel, a type f machine learning and artificial intelligence that’s mdeled t learn similar t a human brain, analyzed mre than 80.000 images f fundus (眼底) （他们的深度学习模型是一种机器学习和人工智能的模型，其学习方式类似于人脑。该模型分析了超过80000张眼底图像）”可知，研究人员通过分析眼底图像来了解视网膜的年龄。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“They fund that 51 percent f the participants had a “retinal age gap” - the difference between bilgical and chrnlgical age - f mre than 3 years, 28 percent had a gap f mre than 5 years and 4.5 percent had a gap f mre than 10 years.（他们发现，51%的参与者的“视网膜年龄差距”——生物年龄和时间年龄之间的差异——超过3年，28%的参与者的差距超过5年，4.5%的参与者的差距超过10年）”可知，视网膜年龄差最大的参与者占总参与者的4.5%。故选B。
15．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“By examining tiny vessels (血管) inside a persn’s eyes, dctrs might ne day be able t predict that persn’s risk f early death, accrding t a new study.（根据一项新的研究，通过检查一个人眼睛内的微小血管，医生也许有一天能够预测这个人早死的风险）”和第二段的“In the new study, the researchers turned t a deep-learning technique that culd predict a persn’s risk f death by analyzing the bilgical age f the retina.（在这项新研究中，研究人员转向了一种深度学习技术，该技术可以通过分析视网膜的生物年龄来预测一个人的死亡风险）”可知，本文主要介绍研究发现通过视网膜可以分析人的生理年龄进而预测死亡的风险。故C项“眼睛或许可以透露一个人的生理年龄”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
16．答案：①-⑤FDCGB
解析：①此小题前文在谈二十四节气,后文在谈二十四节气中的雨水,故需填入一个过渡句,F句意：24节气中的一个,叫做雨水,在春天非常重要。故此题选F。
②后文提到,在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。说明春季的雨水特别宝贵,D句意：中国有句古话:春雨贵如油。故此题选D。
③前文说在中国北方,春季干旱是普遍的,这个季节的降水只占10年平均降雨量的15%。每年的这个时候,农民们开始犁地。当天气变暖,这是正确的时间来准备春播。说明春雨特别关键。C句意：因此,雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。
④前文提到,在“雨水”期间,需要特别注意处理再次出现的寒冷天气和湿度,湿度是空气中的水分。而后文又说,强烈建议不要过早脱下厚厚的外套,保暖,尤其是老人和儿童。故词题需说明雨水期间的降温,G句意：由于降雨,空气湿度迅速增加,会导致气温下降和天气潮湿。故选G。
⑤前文提到,中医认为,雨水期间的潮湿天气对人的脾胃有害。后文说北京人吃粥,则粥可以滋补身体。B句意：一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择。故选B。
17．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们往往高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本。A. calculate计算；B. cver覆盖；C. demnstrate示范；D. ignre忽视。根据上文“But they tend t verestimate the benefits and”指高估大学教育的好处，忽视了其成本。故选D。
18．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。A. truer更真的；B. fuller更满的；C. lwer更低的；D. earlier更早的。根据上文“As mre yung peple seek degrees, the returns bth t them and t gvernments are”以及上文提到学校和政府高估了扩大大学教育的好处，而忽视了其成本，说明追求学位的年轻人越来越多，学位的回报便随之降低，对他们自己和政府来说都是如此。故选C。
19．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学教育上花钱通常受到一个理由的支撑——“毕业生溢价”，即大学毕业生比非大学毕业生赚得多。A. supervised监督；B. increased增加；C. justified证明；D. analysed分析。根据后文“by the “graduate premium” — the increase in earnings that graduates enjy ver nn-graduates”指花在大学上的钱通常是基于“毕业生溢价”——毕业生比非毕业生享有的收入增长。be justified by表示“靠……支持，以……为依据”。故选C。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。A. make up fr补偿；B. add up t合计达；C. put up with忍受；D. stand up against反对。根据后文“an ecnmic bst fr sciety as a whle”指个人所得累积起来对整个社会是一种经济推动。故选B。
21．答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：学位的部分用处在于，它以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。A. in terms f根据；B. by means f依靠；C. at the expense f以……为代价；D. t the degree f到……的程度。根据上文“Part f the usefulness f a degree is that it gives a graduate jb-seeker an advantage”可知，学位以牺牲非大学毕业生的利益为代价，为毕业生提供了找工作的优势。故选C。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳尺度。A. adjustment调整；B. extensin延伸；C. measure测量；D. awareness意识。根据后文“f the skills and knwledge needed fr a jb”可知学位并不总是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最佳标准。故选C。
23．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式。A. cmmn普遍的；B. hard努力的；C. pssible可能的；D. specific特别的。呼应上文“As mre yung peple seek degrees”指学位变得普遍。故选A。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外A. driven int分成；B. hidden frm隐藏；C. taken up t占用；D. lcked ut f无法获得，关在外面。根据上文“emplyers are using them as a way t screen applicants. Nn-graduates are thus increasingly”可知，学位如此普遍，雇主们将其作为筛选求职者的一种方式，因此，非大学毕业生越来越多地被那些体面的工作拒之门外。故选D。
25．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着高等教育的扩大，最弱的学生被吸引进来，他们最有可能辍学。A. remains保持；B. expands扩大；C. shrinks缩小；D. functins运转。呼应第一段中“Gvernments are keen n higher educatin, seeing it as a means t bst scial mbility and ecnmic grwth.(政府热衷于高等教育，将其视为促进社会流动性和经济增长的一种手段)”指高等教育的扩大，故选B。
26．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们支付学费，牺牲收入来学习，但看不到未来收入的改善。A. adapt适应；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. withdraw退出；D. relate联系。根据上文“They pay fees ”以及后文“earnings t study”可知牺牲收入来学习。故选B。
27．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果算上辍学生，最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零。A. included包括；B. neglected忽视；C. reduced减少；D. surveyed调查。根据上文“When drputs are”指辍学学生被包括进来，应用include。故选A。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。A. infrmed通知；B. cnsulted咨询；C. misled误导；D. misinterpreted误解。结合上文“the expected financial return t starting a degree fr the weakest students shrinks t almst nthing(最差学生开始攻读学位的预期经济回报几乎为零)”可知，许多中学毕业生对大学可能的价值被误导了。故选C。
29．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该重新考虑自己的招聘做法。A. perating操作；B. hiring雇佣；C. accunting解释；D. trading交易。根据后文“gain vcatin skills”可知，提供更多的课余选择让年轻人重新考虑自己的招聘做法。故选B。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。A. emply-ability就业能力；B. availability可用性；C. sciability社交性；D. individuality个性。根据上文“gain vcatin skills and t demnstrate their”可知，给毕业生提供更广泛的途径来获得职业技能和展示他们的就业能力。故选A。
31．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。A. restricted t限制；B. surprised at对……感到惊讶；C. curius abut好奇；D. insistent n坚持，执着。结合上文“emplyers wuld be mre likely t trust them as signals f ability”可知，如果学校资格证书更难获得，雇主将更有可能将其视为能力的标志，而不那么执着于学位。故选D。
32．答案：①that/which②int③speeding④had practiced⑤befre⑥where⑦t hug⑧essential⑨bumps⑩it
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：这种情况让我不能独自行走。句中“_____ desn’t allw me t walk n my wn”是定语从句，修饰先行词cnditin，指物，从句中缺少主语，可填that或which。故填that或which。
②考查介词。句意：在接下来的三年左右的时间里，我配合理疗师，学会了走路、站立和平衡，这些都是我实现目标所需要的技能。固定短语turn sth. int reality意为“把……变为现实”。根据句意“把我的目标变成现实”。故填int。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我开始练习，一开始走得很慢，后来逐渐加快，我收到了所有朋友和家人的安慰和鼓励。句中三个谓语动词went, cmfrted, encuraged用连词and连接，因此speed是非谓语动词做状语。因“speed加速”和主语“I我”之间是主动关系，故填speeding。
④考查时态。句意：幸运的是，我们提前练习并且计划过这种情况。根据前文“I lst my balance, bumping int smething. (我失去了平衡，撞到了什么东西。)”的时态可知，本句“this type f situatin”发生在过去，因此我们提前练习和计划发生在“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时。故填had practiced。
⑤考查时间状语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。“It wasn’t lng befre+过去时”是固定结构，意为“不久以后就……，没过多久就……”。根据句意，以及句中was和came可知，本句话符合此句型。故填befre。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句修饰先行词end表示“终点”，从句缺少地点状语。故填where。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我走到了终点，我妈妈泪流满面地在那里等着我，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲。分析句子可知，句中was waiting是where引导的定语从句的谓语动词，因此hug应为非谓语动词做状语。根据句意“妈妈泪流满面，张开双臂”是为了拥抱儿子，因此用不定式做状语表目的。故填t hug。
⑧考查形容词。句意：回顾那段经历，我意识到一些非常重要的事情。根据不定代词的用法：形容词修饰不定代词时放在不定代词后，以及句意可知，此空应填形容词，修饰smething。故填essential。
⑨考查名词。句意：每隔一段时间，生活就会在路上设置一些坎坷。bump是可数名词，意为“隆起，突起”。根据空前“a few”也可得知，此处应填可数名词复数。故填bumps。
⑩考查代词。句意：这是值得的。固定句型be wrth it，意为“很值得”。故填it。
33．答案：Dear schlmate,
Over the past mnth, the nvel crnavirus has made its way arund China. It has a strng impact n ur study and life. In rder t ease the serius cnditin, we all the students had better d as fllws:
First f all, stay at hme and dn't g ut unless necessary, which is beneficial t yurself and thers. In additin, d wear prtective masks utdrs and wash hands as ften as pssible. Last but nt least, everyne ught t have a psitive attitude t the campaign against the disease. Only in this way will we get thrugh the darkest time.
Let's take actin quickly. We have cnfidence that we will win the fight sn.
The Students’ Unin
Feb. 14th. 2020
解析：1.倡议的原因和目的；2.倡议的具体内容；3.发出倡议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：have a strng impact n (巨大影响)；ease the serius cnditin (缓解疫情)；had better d (最好做某事)；as ften as pssible(尽可能经常地)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用现在完成时和一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
34．答案：
One day, hwever, when I returned hme, Grandpa met me at the dr, lking embarrassed. I asked him what had happened. He turned arund and pinted t the birdcage, aplgizing t me that the pigen slid ut when he was tidying up the cage and flew away thrugh the pen windw. Gne! I culdn't believe my ears. I rushed ver t the birdcage. Just empty! I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming dwn my cheeks. "Where has it gne? Will it be hurt again? Will it cme back? ..." I asked Grandpa, sbbing. "It will fly back!" he cnvinced me, wiping away my tears gently.
Sure enugh, I saw a pigen flying int the huse the next afternn! It perched near the birdcage, cing. Despite great excitement, I apprached it quietly. It was gray-white and had an range string tied t ne leg. My pigen came back! "It must be hungry," Grandpa grinned. Immediately, I fed it with grains and then tipted t the windw and clsed it, urging Grandpa t cage it. But he didn't. "Pigens need freedm," he explained t me patiently. I was hesitant but lking at the pigen wandering and pecking at the grains peacefully, I realized Grandpa was right! I turned back t the windw and pened it.
解析：本文以鸽子为线索展开，讲述了作者在爷爷的帮助下救治了一只受伤的鸽子，在作者的精心照料下，鸽子渐渐恢复。有一天鸽子飞走了，引起作者的伤心。第二天，鸽子好像不忘救命之恩，又飞回家中。在爷爷的教育下，作者意识到鸟儿的快乐是要自由飞翔，果断地放飞鸽子的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"然而，有一天，当我回到家，爷爷在门口迎接我，看起来很尴尬。"可知，第一段可描写鸽子飞走了，作者的无限伤心，爷爷的极力安慰。
②由第二段首句内容"果然，第二天下午我看见一只鸽子飞进了房子！"可知，第二段可描写作者重新见到鸽子的喜悦，以及作者新的认识，放飞鸽子。
2.续写线索：难过哭泣—伤心—(爷爷)道歉安慰—喜悦照顾鸽子—明理—放飞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①哭泣：cry/weep/ tears streaming dwn my cheeks
②道歉：say srry t/aplgize t
③照顾：lk after/take gd care f
情绪类
①.伤心：feel sad/get upset
②.喜悦：feel excited/get delighted
[高分句型1]. He turned arund and pinted t the birdcage, aplgizing t me that the pigen slid ut when he was tidying up the cage and flew away thrugh the pen windw.(非谓语动词aplgize现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming dwn my cheeks.(独立主格结构)