Unit 5单元知识点，语法点总结 人教版八年级英语下册

这是一份Unit 5单元知识点，语法点总结 人教版八年级英语下册，共8页。
unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?instead adv.代替，反而， 却instead常位于句首（常用逗号隔开）或句尾Tom is too busy. Let me go instead. 汤姆太忙了，让我替他去吧He didn’t go to school today. Instead，he went boating. 他今天没去上学，而是去划船了instead of 意为“（用）...代替....、（用）...而不用...” 后面除了可以跟名词、代词之外还可以跟形容词、副词、介词He drank some juice instead of beer.他没有喝酒，而是喝了一些果汁I will walk to school instead of riding. 我将走路去学校而不骑车去The relationship between them are getting worse instead of better.他们之间的关系没有变化反而正在变坏.wake up作“醒来”之意时，是不及物动词短语，不接宾语I usually wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning. 我通常早晨六点睡醒wake up作“叫醒，唤醒”时后面需要接宾语Wake me up before 7 tomorrow.明天七点之前叫醒我begin 开始begin to do sth=begin doing sth 开始做某事He began teaching English at the age of 28.begin作不及物动词时有两个常用搭配：begin at sth 从...开始Let’s begin at page 3.让我们从第3页开始吧begin with sth 从...开始，以..开始The party began with a game.聚会以一个游戏开始pick up在文中是接电话的含义，相当于answer the phonepick up还可意为:捡起，拾起；学会；开车接送某人You should pick up the paper on the ground. 你应该捡起地上的纸Shall we go to the airport to pick up your friends？ 我们去机场接你的朋友吗？with no light outside，it felt like midnight.该结构是with+（no）+名词+副词结构，表示一种伴随状况，该结构有时暗含某种因果关系，可译为“因为..，由于..”The city looks more beautiful with the lights on.城市灯火通明，看起来更漂亮了light在句中是不可数名词，意为“灯光，光线，光亮”The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发光发热light作名词意为“灯”是可数名词Suddenly all the lights went out.突然所有灯都灭了light作形容词意为“轻的、浅色的、明亮的”反义词分别是heavy重的、dark深色的、dark黑暗的light作动词意为“点燃”其过去式和过去分词均为litLet’s light some firecrackers and fireworks.让我们放鞭炮和烟花吧make sure 确保，查明，确认make sure that 从句 确保...make sure of（doing）sth 确保做某事Make sure that you will be here on time.确保你准时到这I run fast enough to make sure of getting there in time. 为了确保及时赶到那我跑的足够快beat 敲打，打败其过去式为beat，过去分词为beaten作“敲打”时为不及物动词He is beating at the door.他正在拍门beat作“打败，战胜”时为及物动词，后面的宾语是比赛或者竞争的对手We beat the team from No.2 Middle school in the match.我们在比赛中打败了第二中学的队伍win“获胜，赢”其后的宾语常是比赛、战争、奖品、奖牌等名词beat作动词还可意为“（心脏）跳动” 作名词意为“心跳声”I can hear her heart beat.我能听见她的心跳against prep.在文中的意思为“碰、撞”；还有以下含义倚，靠Put the ladder against the wall.把梯子靠墙上与....相反，逆We are walking against the wind. 我们在顶风前行反对I am against the new rules. 我反对新规定与..打比赛We are going to have a ball game against team A.我们和A队将有一场球类比赛asleep adj. 睡着； 常用搭配：fall asleep 睡着，入睡The little boy was so sleepy that he fell asleep in the sleeping bag.He is sleeping now.小男孩太困了，以至于他在睡袋中睡着了，现在他正在睡觉sleepy adj. “困倦的，瞌睡的”，常作表语和定语sleep 可作动词和名词，意为“睡觉”sleeping adj. 表示与睡觉有关的东西，常用定语修饰名词，比如 sleeping bagrise 升起，增加，提高rise的过去式为rose，risen 是不及物动词，强调主语在没有人为控制的情况下位置上升高，数量或价值方面增加，比如太阳升起，价格上涨，温度上升等，raise“举起，提升”是及物动词，过去式和过去分词均为raised；说明主语主动发出的动作，通常是由人影响而发出的动作，比如举手、升旗、加薪等While we were raising the flag，the sun rose in the east. 太阳在东方升起，我们也正在升旗fallen adj. 倒下的，落下的常用在名词前面作定语；fallen leaves意为“落叶”fallen 也可作动词fall的过去分词，与broken类似The fallen tree is lying on the ground.这颗倒下的树压在了地上in times of 在...的时期该短语后常跟一些抽象名词，比如trouble、difficulty、 stress、celebration等This medicine can help you in times of pain.这个药在你疼的时候能帮助你 realize 理解，领会，意识到，认识到及物动词realize后接名词、代词或从句作宾语，该词常用在一般过去时中He didn’t realize his mistake. 他没认识到自己的错误I suddenly realized that I have grown up. 我突然意识到我长大了realize还有“实现”之意，主语一般是人，宾语是dream、goal（目标）等词Finally，he realized his dream. 最终他实现了他的梦想常用搭配:come to realize“意识到”后面常跟that引导的宾语从句I came to realize that I need to study harder.我意识到我需要更加努力学习make one’s way后面常跟介词to 或towards，表示方向，后面再接表地点的名词强调克服困难、艰难地或想方设法去某个地方We made our way to the mall through the crowd.我们穿过人群走到了商场all the way 一路上，自始至终； by the way 顺便说； in the way 挡路，碍事；lose one’s way 迷路； on one’s way to 在某人去..的路上the rest of 其余的，剩余的该短语后接名词或代词宾格，当the rest of....作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词或代词的数保持一致Tom is writing，while the rest of the students are reading.汤姆在写作业，而其他学生在读书The rest of the time is short for us. 剩余的时间对我们来说不多了in silence 沉默，无声该短语常用来作状语修饰动词She stood there in silence. 她无声地站在那里silent是silence的形容词，意为“无声的，沉默的”常用短语keep silent“保持沉默”recently 不久前，最近常用于一般过去时（表示时间点）或现在完成时（表示时间段）中We received a letter from him recently.我们不久前收到了他的来信I have been tired recently.我最近很累recent是其形容词，常用来修饰名词作定语A recent study shows that many people now sleep later than before.最近的一项研究表明许多人现在比以前睡得要晚。date 日期，日子，约会询问日期表达方式：what is the date....? what date is/was it...?What’s the date today？今天是几号？have trouble（in）doing...做某事有困难相当于have difficulty (in) doing..I have trouble making him understand.我给他解释不清楚。point out 指出My teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 我老师指出了我作业里许多错误point to“指向”，所指的物体较远 ；point at“指着”所指的物体较近go away消失，走开，离开The smell hasn’t gone away.气味还未散尽truth事实，真相其形容词为true“真的，符合事实的” 其副词为truly“真正，确实”It is true that people truly love playing card games.人们真的喜爱打牌，这是真的Tell me the truth about what happened yesterday.告诉我昨天发生的事情的真相when引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发出的特定时间，即可指时间点也可指时间段When he was a child，he always played with me.从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词；从句与主句发出的动作可以是同时进行也可以不是同时进行It was snowing when he arrived at the station.从句位于主句之前时，主从句之间用逗号隔开，位于主句之后时不用逗号When I finished the homework，it was already nine o’clock.当主句为将来时或表示将来的意义时，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）He will be a scientist when he grows up.while引导的时间状语从句从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常用进行时，（中学阶段常用过去进行时）While I was waiting for the bus，it started to rain.While mom was cooking in the chicken，dad was cleaning the living room.while还可表示对比，翻译成“然而”I went swimming while others went fishing.while作名词意为“一会儿”常用短语：a little while 一小会儿 after a while 过了一会过去进行时 谓语构成：过去进行时由“was或were+动词的现在分词”构成。时间状语：then、 at that time、this time yesterday、a year ago、when引出的时间状语从句。用法1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作He was cooking supper this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her. 我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具2.用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。She saw it happen when she was walking past.她路过时看到事情的发生表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.他住在这里时老向我借钱