Unit3词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展 人教版英语八年级下册

这是一份Unit3词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展 人教版英语八年级下册，共17页。
八下unit 3知识点精讲及拓展一、词汇变形1．v.扔；掷 __________→__________(过去式)→__________(过去分词)2．v.依靠；信赖→_____________→_____________adj. 可信赖的，可靠的→_____________n. 独立→____________adj.独立的；自主的3．v.发展；壮大______________→______________(名词) →______________adj.发达的，先进的→______________adj 发展中的4．n.公正性；合理性_____________→_____________(形容词：合理的；公正的)→_____________(形容词：不合理的；不公正的)5．v.落下；掉下____________→____________(过去式及过去分词)→____________(­ing形式)6. 精神压力，心理负担→_______________n →______________v.强调，着重，使焦虑 →______________adj.焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的→______________ adj. 压力大的，紧张的7. 邻居 n. _______________ →街坊，街区，邻里 n._______________二、短语荟萃1. _____________________倒出垃圾 2.go out (for)_____________________3. ______________待在外面；不在家 4. _____________________搭 车5. _____________________从事；创作 6.叠衣服_____________________7. _____________________扔掉，丢弃 8. _____________________过来；顺便来访9.带 走_______________________ 10. _____________________代替，取代…11.浪费时间__________________ 12._____________________为某人提供某物13. ___________________依靠；信赖 14. _____________________结果是15.总是，一直_______________________ 16.和…一起闲逛/瞎混___________________17，为了，目的是__________________ 18.惊讶地，惊奇地_____________________19. 因此，结果是___________________ 20.一…..就 _____________________________21.既不……也不____________________ 22. 完成做某事，做完某事_____________23.对某人生气_____________________ 24. 对某事感到生气____________________25.介意做某事_____________________ 26.讨厌做某事_________________________27. 借（回）______________________ 28. 借（出）___________________________29.小心，照顾，保重______________ 30.扫 地________________________________三、知识详解1. Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？用于___________________________________________，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：_______________________________________ 否定回答： _______________________________________【考题链接】①.—Could I borrow your camera? — ___________，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks2. take out 取出（v+ adv） （ ）His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ______. A .took out it B. took out them C. took it out D .took them out【短语拓展】take out the trash take a walk take away take one’s temperaturetake back take placetake off take after【考题链接】( )— Lisa, we need to clean the kitchen. Could you ____ the trash? — Yes, sure. A. take after B. take off C. take place D. take out( ) _____ your pen and write down what I’m going to say. A. Take away B. Take off C. Take down D. Take out3. do the dishes 洗碗【结构1】do the +名词： eg:__________________________________【结构2】do the +动词-ing eg:__________________________________【结构3】do one’s + 名词 eg:__________________________________4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析1】two hours of TV 表示__________、___________、____________、___________等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用_______形式。 How time flies! Three years _______(be) really a short time.100 years __________ a long time.Ten miles _________ too far for a 5-year-old boy.5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 【解析1】the minute = as soon as 意思是“______________” （主将从现） 请你一到那就写信给我。__________________________________【解析2】come over ___________________【拓展】 come 短语：请写出以下短语的意思come across come up with come true come from=be from come on come out 6.【解析】all the time = always 一直；总是【拓展】与time相关的短语：请写出以下短语的意思on time in timeat the same time from time to timefor the first time at times next time time and time again【考题链接】 ( ) Man’s understanding of nature is developing ____ . It never stays at the same level .A. at the right time B. for the first time C. from time to time D. all the time( ) We all know that the earth moves around the sun _____. A. on time B. at times C. all the time D. in time7.【解析】as...as ... 和......一样...... 中间加______________【考题链接】( )There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as( )Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings ______the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as8. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周时间，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。1)“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示上句否定的情况也适合于后者”某人也不……” __________________________________________说明前面的肯定情况同样也适用于后者。—You watched TV last night.你们昨晚看了电视。—_______ ______the children.孩子们也看了。2) neither两者都不，后可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词__________________Neither of the twins ________(like) to drink coffee.3)neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词__________________________Neither Tom nor Jim a student.★neither & either1.neither的意思是“两个都不”，either的意思是“两个中的任何一个”或者“两个中的各一个”。后面都可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词用_________2.neither…nor…既不…也不…（就近原则）either…or…或者…或者…（就近原则）【考题链接】( ) I have two sisters, but ________of them is a teacher. A. all B. neither C. both D. none( ) —The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _______.—That's so cool! A.all B. both C. neither D. none( )－Which do you prefer, a CD player or a Walkman?－ _____. I prefer a portable computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither( ) He speaks ______English ______French. Instead, he speaks German. A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor( )I can’t play the piano ,and _____. A. neither can my sister B. my sister can’t , too C. so can’t my sister D. can my sister, either( )— Ｉwent to the park yesterday. — ____ . But I didn’t see you there. A. So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I9.【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find → found___________________发现某人做某事 We found him __________(wait) to welcome us.__________________ 发现……处于……状态 I find the text __________(difficulty) to understand.find sb./sth +介短 发现……处于……状态 When he woke up, he found himself ________.(住院了)_________________________________________ 发现做某事很…… ◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难( ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. it’s C. it D. this10.【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地; 一般作_______________________。surprise v 使吃惊→___________ adj. 令人吃惊的 →____________ adj. 吃惊的 ___________________ 使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at _________________【考题链接】①__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.②We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise) 11. pass ⑴v 给；递； pass sb. sth 把某物递给某人=__________________ pass on 传递 ⑵ v. ________________⑶ v. ________________【考题链接】（ ）If Nancy __ the exam , she will go to Australia for English study. A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass12.【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，指【借进来”】______________________ 从某人那里借某物 (2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 ______________________________把某物借给某人 borrow 和lend一样，是非延续性动词，表示一个瞬间完成的动作不能与一段时间连用。(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【考题链接】( ) You may ___ the book for two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy ( ) — May I ____ your dictionary? — Sorry. Li Lei ____ it for five days. A. lend; borrowed B. borrow; has kept C. borrow ; has borrowed D. lend; has lent( )Although you like the book, you may only ______ it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay. ( )Can we _______the book for two weeks? A borrow B lend Ｃkeep D had13. waste un. ____________ vt. ___________ adj. ____________________________________.....的浪费Eg. 玩电脑游戏事浪费时间______________________________________________________ 校园里随处可以看见垃圾_____________________________________________________waste time/money on sb /sth ________________________浪费时间在做某事上 _ ___________________________14. in order to +v原 “为了”=so thatEg. In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.1）. in order to do sth 为了做某事 in order not to 为了不做某事2）. in order that+句子(引导目的从句）扩展：order作名词 1.__________________________________ 依次，按顺序 _________________整齐 ________________出故障，2._____________________________________点菜 ________________ 给某人下命令order 作动词,表定制，订购，命令____________________订购某物 ____________________ 命令某人做某事15. provide和offer的用法区别①首先在语义上，provide仅表示”__________”，而offer强调“_______________”。②其次在语法和搭配上，offer后可跟双宾语，而provide后不可跟双宾语。给某人提供某物 即 _________________./_________________. _________________ =_________________ (主动)  supply sb with sth=supply sth for/to sb16. (1)since引导原因状语从句 =_____________ “由于；因为”, Eg. Since he was lazy, he didn’t finish his homework. He didn’t come since he was busy. (2)since引导时间状语从句, “自从…以后” 常与___________________连用① since +过去_____________ (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点). e.g. I have been here since 1989.② since +一段时间+ agoe.g. I have been here since five months ago.③ since +___________ Great changes have taken place since you left17. drop v.落下；放弃，停止 droppeddrop out of school____________________ ________________________从···掉下drop by ______________ drop into _________________ drop litter ___________________n. 滴，水珠 _____________________一滴水四、练习巩固词组___________ __________ __________I saw it, I liked it. 我一看到它，就喜欢上它了。Since I left home, I have missed my parents___________ __________ ___________. 自从离开家后，我一直在想念我的父母。__________ _________ ___________cheer herself up, she decided to go to the seaside for a holiday. 为了让自已的心情变好，她决定去海边度假。This hotel promises to ___________the customers ___________the best service. 这家宾馆承诺顾客提供最好的服务。Everyone has much____________ ___________work and family. 每个人都有很多来自工作和家庭的压力。6. 我父母让我晚上不要在外面呆得很晚。 My parents ask me ________ ________ ________ ________ late at night.7.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。The children these days ________ ________ their parents too much.8.我讨厌打扫教室。I hate _________ ________ the classroom . 9.为了取得好的成绩，我在学习上花费了大量的时间。I spend much time on schoolwork ________ ________ ________ get good glades.10.我不认为干家务活是浪费时间。I don’t think doing the housework is ________ ________ ________ time.语法1. - Could you please do the dishes? - _____________. A. Never mind B. That's right C. No problem D. It doesn't matter2. Could you please ______ the window? It's hot in the room. A. not close B. don't close C. not to close D. close not3. Dad said I must finish _____ the floor before watching TV. A. swept B. sweeping C. sweep D. to sweep4. -- The boys are talking about the movie ______. -- They always have so many fun things to share.happily B. angrily C. sadly D. carefully 5. I like coffee _____ my dad loves tea. A. when B. as long as C. while D. since6. Alan doesn't like junk food and __________. A. so do I B. me either C. neither do I D. so he does7. I am much better now. _______ is no need for me to go to a doctor. A. It B. That C. This D. There8. Mr. Zhang has two sons, but ______ of them lives with him.A. both B. neither C. either D. all9. I got up very early _______ I could catch the first bus. A. so that B. in order to C. while D. as long as10. -- Could I _______ your pen, Mike? -- Sorry, I just ______ it to Bob. A. lend; borrowed B. lend; lent C. borrow; borrowed D. borrow; lent11. We asked John and Henry some easy questions, but ____ of them could answer them.A. none B. both B. all D. neither12. -- Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? -- I think _____ them are useful. A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of13. _____ Lily ____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only,but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or14. -- I will go there for a visit with my family during the long holiday. -- _______________.So do I B. So I do C. So will I D. So I will15. Your sister works very hard, and ___________. A. so you are B. so you do C. so are you D. so do you16. Tom doesn't like English, _________. A. neither Tom does B. Neither does Tom C. So Tom does D. So does Tom（三）综合练习题( )1.---Who is the man in black hat? ---Oh, he is my___________. He is new here.passenger B.guest C.neighbor D.owner( )2.________of the two girls is interested in chess. They think it’s boring.Neither B.Both C.None D.All( )3. ---Why must I tidy up my the house by myself, mom？ I think it’s ________to me. ---Because your brother cleaned it yesterday.fair B.unhappy C.unfair D.happy( )4. You can _________two books from the library and you can________them for two weeks.borrow, lend B.lend, borrow C.borrow, keep D.lend, keep( )5. Do you know how_____________this math problem?to solve B.solve C.solving D.solved( )6.We can ________lunch for you if you work here.feed B.provide C.eat D.feel( )7.---Mary, can we go for a picnic tomorrow? ---It___________the weather.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on( )8. ---Has Tony arrived in Beijing? ---I am not sure. But he will call us as soon as he__________.will arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.was arriving( )9. _________we do for other people, _______we will be.Much, happier B. More, happy The more, the happier D.The most, the happiest( )10. ---Excuse me, could you help me do some cleaning? ---__________. A.No problem B.Yes, I do C.It’s a good idea D.Not at all二、完形填空题（10分)Dear Sir or Madam，I don't like doing chores．But I have 1 choice to do them because doing chores is a rule in my family．When I come back from school，my mom 2 says，"Could you take out the rubbish？"or"Could you help me 3 cooking？"I know she is just trying to make me more independent and 4 me how to take care of myself．But 5 does she make me do all the housework？Oh，I know I am the oldest and I should do the chores．But it's not for 6 me．My sister should do them，too．Yesterday I did all the chores again．My parents went to visit my aunt with my sister in the morning．They left me 7 at home because I had to do my housework．After I finish my homework，I found it was really a 8 at home．They didn't do any chores．So I cleaned the rooms， 9 the dishes and watered the garden．Oh，I must look like a（n) 10 ．What should I do？I hate doing chores all alone．Could you give me some advice，please？( )1.A.no B.some C.every D.any( )2.A.never B.hardly C.always D.almost( )3.A.about B.in C.for D.with( )4.A.ask B.help C.teach D.expect( )5.A.when B.why C.how D.where( )6.A.hard B.fair C.much D.heavy( )7.A.alone B.sick C.quiet D.independent( )8.A.job B.matter C.problem D.mess( )9.A.bought B.borrow C.carried D.washed( )10.A.cook B.doctor C.servant D.actor三、阅读理解题（30分）（B） Many parents make their children do chores around the houses. For some families, teaching children what to do and how to do chores is easy. For other families, asking children to do some housework can be a very big problem. It is a good idea for parents to teach their children to do chores at an early age. All family members must work together to make the house clean, and each person must do his or her share(份)of the work. We can do this by starting a program of chores and responsibilities(责任)when children are young Doing chores is good for children--even very young ones. Doing some chores can teach children many important skills, such as working together and being responsible for what they do. Doing chores can also teach children to help others. The skills and value(价值)from doing chores will be good to children in their lives.( )1.The first paragraph tells us____________.parents shouldn’t make their children do choreschildren behave(表现)differently on doing chores in different familiesall children think doing chores is difficultit’s easy to teach children to do chores( )2.The underlined word “skills”means “__________”.结果 B.技术 C.技能 D.经验( )3.From the last paragraph, we know that___________.doing chores is good for childrenEvery child likes to do choresDoing chores won’t teach children anythingChildren should learn to do chores when they grow up( )4.Which of the following is TRUE?It’s a big problem for all families to teach children how to do chores.Only the children who do chores know how to work together with others.Some children like to do chores, but some don’t.It’s not necessary for children to do chores at home( )5.What is the main idea of the passage?Study is children’s responsibilityChildren should learn to do a lot of things in their lifeParents should ask children to do all chores.Doing some chores is good for children’s growth.