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译林版七年级英语下册Unit7《Abilities》单元知识归纳与拓展
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这是一份译林版七年级英语下册Unit7《Abilities》单元知识归纳与拓展,共5页。
七年级英语下册Unit7《Abilities》知识归纳与拓展【词汇解析】1.believebelieve用作及物动词,意为“相信”,后面可以接名词、代词或宾语从句,常用结构有:believe in意为“信任;信仰”;Believe it or not!信不信由你!另外,当believe后跟宾语从句时,要注意否定的前移。如:I believe that I can see TFBOYS some day.我相信有一天我可以见到TFBOYS组合。I don't believe you are only 12 years old.我相信你不仅仅只有12岁。We don't believe that she will help us in the game.我们相信她不会在比赛中帮助我们。【辨析】believe; believe inbelieve sb./sth.表示“相信某人(说的话)”或者“相信某事的真实性”,而believe in sb.则表示“信任某人”,相当于动词trust。2.send send是及物动词,意为“发送;邮寄;派遣”。后常跟双宾语,即send sb.sth.相当于send sth.to sb.。如: Can I send an e-mail to my pen friend, Mum? =Can I send my pen friend an a mail, Mum? 妈妈,我可以给我的笔友发一封电子邮件吗? 【拓展】像send这样能跟双宾语的动词还有:show,give,bring,pass,teach,tell,lend等,这类动词的间接宾语后移时,介词用to,表示动作的目标方向。make, cook,buy等,这类动词的间接宾语后移时,用介词for,表示动作为谁而做。如: Please show me your ticket. =Please show your ticket to me. 请把你的票给我看看。 Jane cooked her family a nice dinner. =Jane cooked a nice dinner for her family. 简为她的家人做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。3.hurt hurt用作及物动词,意为“使受伤,伤害”, 尤指情感方面的伤害;hurt用作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”; hurt还可用作形容词,意为“受伤害的”。 如:Be careful not to hurt yourself.小心别伤到自己。His stomach often hurts after supper.他经常晚饭后胃疼。I asked him if he was hurt.我问他是否受伤了。4.lose lose的本意是“失去”。作此意讲时,lose为及物动词,后面可接具体名词,也可接抽象名词。常构成短语:lose one's way意为“迷路”,相当于get lost;当lose的宾语是match, game, war等表示比赛、竞争或战争的名词时,lose意为“失败”。如: It is easy to lose one's way in the forest. 在森林中人很容易迷路。 He always loses his keys. 他经常丢失钥匙。 I've lost interests in that subject. 我对那门功课己失去了兴趣。 Our team lost the football match. 我们队输了足球比赛。5.even even是一个常用的副词。该词用法较广,位置较活。主要用法有以下两种:(1)用在比较级前,加强语气,表示程度。(比……)更,还要。如: This dictionary is even more useful than that one. 这本词典比那本更为有用(2)放在它所强调的词前,用来加强语气。表示“即使,甚至连……都”之意。如: Even a child can understand the book. 即使小孩也能看懂那本书。 I explained everything, but even now she doesn't understand. 我作了全面的解释,但是甚至到现在她还不明白。6.careless careless是形容词,意为“粗心的”。careless是由care +后缀-less构成的形容词,其副词是carelessly;其反义词是careful(仔细的)。常用结构有:be careless to do sth.表示“由于粗心而做了某事”;be careless in doing sth.表示“在做某事时很粗心”。如: He was careless in typing the letter. 他打这封信时很粗心。 另外,表示某人做某事很粗心,通常使用句型:It's careless of sb.to do sth.如: It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi. 你把照相机忘在出租车里真是太粗心了。7.leave leave用作及物或不及物动词。意为“离开”,后常跟地点作宾语,常构成短语leave for sp.意为“前往某地”;leave sp.for sp.意为“离开某地去某地”。leave还可表示“遗忘”,常指因粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处。其后往往有一个地点状语。常用结构为leave sth.at/in/on…意为“把某物忘在某个地方”。leave也可表示“剩下,留下”之意;另外,leave还可用于结构“leave sb./sth.十adj.”意为“使……处于……状态”。如:My father is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.我爸爸明天早上要动身去上海。I left my key in the office yesterday.我昨天把钥匙忘在办公室了。Don't worry.We still have some time left.别担心。我们还剩下一些时间。Don't leave the door open.It's very cold today.不要让门开着,今天很冷。【短语归纳】1.believe it or not信不信由你2.look out当心,小心3.recommend sb.for an award推荐某人得奖4.give one's seat to s6.给某人让座5.be able to do sth.能够做某事6.raise some money for Project Hope为希望工程筹款7.save his neighbor from a fire把邻居从大火中救出来8.hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事9.pour water over his clothes把水倒在他的衣服上10.rush into the kitchen冲进厨房11.put out the fire灭火12.be in hospital住院13.at that moment 在那时14.be careful with fire小心火15.call for help呼救16.be on fire着火17.keep your hair away from fire使你的头发远离火18.by the way顺便问一下,顺便说一句19.do well in Chinese中文学得好20.at the age of six在六岁时【语法点拨】情态动词can/could/may一、情态动词can和could表示能力时意为“能,会”,could是can的过去式。表示过去的能力。如: He can speak good English.他英语讲得很好。 The boy could swim when he was five years old.这个男孩五岁的时候就能够游泳。二、can, could和may还可用来表示许可,could表示的语气比can客气、委婉、有礼貌may常用来表示正式的请求。如: Can I park my car in front of the building? 我可以把我的车停在大楼的前面吗? Could I try on those shoes in the window? 我可以试穿橱窗里的那些鞋吗? I hear you've got a new iPhone 7.May I have a look? 我听说你买了一部新iPhone 7.可以让我看看吗?What/How感叹句 感叹句常用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导,what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用What a/an…;形容词后是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只能用what。如: What a clever boy he is! 他是个多么聪明的孩子啊! What terrible weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊! 二、若形容词后紧跟冠词(a/an/the),形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)、指示代词(this/ that)或名词所有格等,用how引导感叹句。如: How interesting the story is!多么有趣的故事啊!【拓展】在口语中,常常省略后面的陈述句。如:How exciting the film is!可以直接表达为How exciting!
七年级英语下册Unit7《Abilities》知识归纳与拓展【词汇解析】1.believebelieve用作及物动词,意为“相信”,后面可以接名词、代词或宾语从句,常用结构有:believe in意为“信任;信仰”;Believe it or not!信不信由你!另外,当believe后跟宾语从句时,要注意否定的前移。如:I believe that I can see TFBOYS some day.我相信有一天我可以见到TFBOYS组合。I don't believe you are only 12 years old.我相信你不仅仅只有12岁。We don't believe that she will help us in the game.我们相信她不会在比赛中帮助我们。【辨析】believe; believe inbelieve sb./sth.表示“相信某人(说的话)”或者“相信某事的真实性”,而believe in sb.则表示“信任某人”,相当于动词trust。2.send send是及物动词,意为“发送;邮寄;派遣”。后常跟双宾语,即send sb.sth.相当于send sth.to sb.。如: Can I send an e-mail to my pen friend, Mum? =Can I send my pen friend an a mail, Mum? 妈妈,我可以给我的笔友发一封电子邮件吗? 【拓展】像send这样能跟双宾语的动词还有:show,give,bring,pass,teach,tell,lend等,这类动词的间接宾语后移时,介词用to,表示动作的目标方向。make, cook,buy等,这类动词的间接宾语后移时,用介词for,表示动作为谁而做。如: Please show me your ticket. =Please show your ticket to me. 请把你的票给我看看。 Jane cooked her family a nice dinner. =Jane cooked a nice dinner for her family. 简为她的家人做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。3.hurt hurt用作及物动词,意为“使受伤,伤害”, 尤指情感方面的伤害;hurt用作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”; hurt还可用作形容词,意为“受伤害的”。 如:Be careful not to hurt yourself.小心别伤到自己。His stomach often hurts after supper.他经常晚饭后胃疼。I asked him if he was hurt.我问他是否受伤了。4.lose lose的本意是“失去”。作此意讲时,lose为及物动词,后面可接具体名词,也可接抽象名词。常构成短语:lose one's way意为“迷路”,相当于get lost;当lose的宾语是match, game, war等表示比赛、竞争或战争的名词时,lose意为“失败”。如: It is easy to lose one's way in the forest. 在森林中人很容易迷路。 He always loses his keys. 他经常丢失钥匙。 I've lost interests in that subject. 我对那门功课己失去了兴趣。 Our team lost the football match. 我们队输了足球比赛。5.even even是一个常用的副词。该词用法较广,位置较活。主要用法有以下两种:(1)用在比较级前,加强语气,表示程度。(比……)更,还要。如: This dictionary is even more useful than that one. 这本词典比那本更为有用(2)放在它所强调的词前,用来加强语气。表示“即使,甚至连……都”之意。如: Even a child can understand the book. 即使小孩也能看懂那本书。 I explained everything, but even now she doesn't understand. 我作了全面的解释,但是甚至到现在她还不明白。6.careless careless是形容词,意为“粗心的”。careless是由care +后缀-less构成的形容词,其副词是carelessly;其反义词是careful(仔细的)。常用结构有:be careless to do sth.表示“由于粗心而做了某事”;be careless in doing sth.表示“在做某事时很粗心”。如: He was careless in typing the letter. 他打这封信时很粗心。 另外,表示某人做某事很粗心,通常使用句型:It's careless of sb.to do sth.如: It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi. 你把照相机忘在出租车里真是太粗心了。7.leave leave用作及物或不及物动词。意为“离开”,后常跟地点作宾语,常构成短语leave for sp.意为“前往某地”;leave sp.for sp.意为“离开某地去某地”。leave还可表示“遗忘”,常指因粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处。其后往往有一个地点状语。常用结构为leave sth.at/in/on…意为“把某物忘在某个地方”。leave也可表示“剩下,留下”之意;另外,leave还可用于结构“leave sb./sth.十adj.”意为“使……处于……状态”。如:My father is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.我爸爸明天早上要动身去上海。I left my key in the office yesterday.我昨天把钥匙忘在办公室了。Don't worry.We still have some time left.别担心。我们还剩下一些时间。Don't leave the door open.It's very cold today.不要让门开着,今天很冷。【短语归纳】1.believe it or not信不信由你2.look out当心,小心3.recommend sb.for an award推荐某人得奖4.give one's seat to s6.给某人让座5.be able to do sth.能够做某事6.raise some money for Project Hope为希望工程筹款7.save his neighbor from a fire把邻居从大火中救出来8.hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事9.pour water over his clothes把水倒在他的衣服上10.rush into the kitchen冲进厨房11.put out the fire灭火12.be in hospital住院13.at that moment 在那时14.be careful with fire小心火15.call for help呼救16.be on fire着火17.keep your hair away from fire使你的头发远离火18.by the way顺便问一下,顺便说一句19.do well in Chinese中文学得好20.at the age of six在六岁时【语法点拨】情态动词can/could/may一、情态动词can和could表示能力时意为“能,会”,could是can的过去式。表示过去的能力。如: He can speak good English.他英语讲得很好。 The boy could swim when he was five years old.这个男孩五岁的时候就能够游泳。二、can, could和may还可用来表示许可,could表示的语气比can客气、委婉、有礼貌may常用来表示正式的请求。如: Can I park my car in front of the building? 我可以把我的车停在大楼的前面吗? Could I try on those shoes in the window? 我可以试穿橱窗里的那些鞋吗? I hear you've got a new iPhone 7.May I have a look? 我听说你买了一部新iPhone 7.可以让我看看吗?What/How感叹句 感叹句常用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导,what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用What a/an…;形容词后是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只能用what。如: What a clever boy he is! 他是个多么聪明的孩子啊! What terrible weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊! 二、若形容词后紧跟冠词(a/an/the),形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)、指示代词(this/ that)或名词所有格等,用how引导感叹句。如: How interesting the story is!多么有趣的故事啊!【拓展】在口语中,常常省略后面的陈述句。如:How exciting the film is!可以直接表达为How exciting!
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