Unit 5-Unit 8知识点汇总 人教版七年级英语下册

这是一份Unit 5-Unit 8知识点汇总 人教版七年级英语下册，共9页。
sleep v./n. 睡觉 sleep 强调睡眠的状态 e.g. I sleep eight hours a daygo to bed强调上床睡觉的动作 get up 起床e.g. It’s time to go to bed.2. kind of 稍微；有点儿 。程度副词，用来修饰形容词，相当于a little/ a bite.g. The dog is kind of /a little/a bit cute. 拓：kind (1) n. 种类 常用短语：① a kind of 一种 ② different kinds of 不同种类的 ③ all kinds of 各种各样的 (2) adj. 友好的 短语： be kind/friendly/nice/good to 对...友好3. all day 整天day 前不加冠词，all day= all day long=all the whole daye.g. He works all day long/all the whole day.拓：all+单数名词 “全，总” e.g. all China 全中国/ all night 整夜/ all year round 一年到头 all+可数名词复数/不可数名词 “全部；所有；一切” 此时名词前可用the/this/that/my/her等修饰。e.g. (1) All her friends are here. (2) All the students go home after school.4. 表建议句型：(1) What/How about+v-ing？(2) Let’s +v原.(3) Why not/Why don’t you +v原？(4) Shall we +v原？(5) You’d better (not) +v原.5. 句型：Where +be动词+主语+from?be from=come from, come from 在变否定或疑问句时需要借助助动词do/does.e.g. –Where is she from?/Where does she come from? -- She is/comes from Shanghai.in (great) danger 处于（极大的）危险之中e.g. Many animals are in great danger now.反义词组：out of danger 脱离危险 The animal was out of danger.danger n.危险 dangerous adj.危险的反义词：safety n.安全 safe adj.安全的Is there any danger in climbing the tree?It’s dangerous for us to swim in the river?one of... “...之一”，后接名词或代词（宾格）的复数形式。one of... 做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。One of 后接名词时，名词前必须有定冠词或物主代词修饰。One of the students is not 14 years old.One of them is good at English.[拓展] some of… ……中的一些of 后可接名词或代词宾格，若of后接名词，名词前需有冠词、指示代词或形容词形物主代词修饰。Some of them are happy.Some of the/these apples are green.拓展 some可用作形容词修饰名词，也可用作代词单独使用。be made of/from “由...制成的”，主语为制成品。newspaper 可数名词 报纸(是由”news 新闻”+”paper 纸”构成的复合名词) 复数newspapersE.g. Please buy a newspaper for me. news不可数名词 新闻，消息, 作主语是谓语动词用单数 a piece of news E.g. The news is very important.(2)paper 不可数名词 纸，纸张 a piece of paper 一张纸 可数名词 卷子 hand in the papers 上交试卷 E.g. Can you give me a piece of paper? Please hand in your papers. talk on the phone = make a telephone call 通过电话交谈 on the phone = over the phone = by phone 通过电话on 介词 “通过;...以什么方式” make a phone 打电话 answer the phone接电话 phone sb 给某人打电话E.g. Jenny is listening to the news on the radio. We often watch the football games on TV.[拓展] on (1)在...上面 My key is on the desk. 在...时候 He was born on the June 1st.关于 This is a book on history.开着 The TV is on. 电视开着[拓展] 打电话专用语 :May\ Could I speak to...(please)? 请(找).....接电话,好吗?Hello, is that ...(speaking)? 喂,你是...吗?Hello, this is ...(speaking). 喂,我是...Hello, is ....in ? 喂,...在(家)吗?接电话用语:Who’s that (speaking)? 你是谁?Hold on, please. 请等一会儿use v.使用,运用 use sth to do sth 用某物做某事E.g. I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包[辨析] use 与 withE.g. I use a pen to writer a letter. = I write a letter with a pen.[拓展] useful adj. 有用的 useless adj. 无用的Eg English is useful for you.That is a useful dictionary.12. exercise 过去式exercised 过去分词exercised 现在分词exercising n.运动,锻炼 不可数 take exercise n.练习，习题；体操；功课；操练 可数 do morning exercises 做早操 do eye exercises做眼保健操v训练，锻炼；练习 13.. [辨析]watch look see read watch 观看，看 watch TV 看电视 watch a football game 看一场足球比赛 see 看见（看的结果） I can see the bird in the tree. look 看（看的动作） Please look at the blackboard. read 阅读，读书，读报 She is reading a story.just v. 只是,恰好 (常用于肯定句中,在句中作状语,用来加强语气)Eg Tom is just a little boy. (只是) 汤姆只是一个小男孩 It’s just ten o’clock now. (恰好)现在恰好十点[拓展]副词 just 的其他其用法用于祈使句中,以来引起对某事的注意,有时可以使语气婉转, 意为”就请,尽管...好了”, 此时just = please e.g. Just come here a moment. 请过来一下Just now 刚才 just then 就在那时wish/v.希望[解析]wish意为“希望,祝愿”,可作动词也可作名词.动词 ①wish sb.sth.祝愿某人某事 ②wish(sb.)to do sth.希望(某人)做某事 ③ wish+that从句,表示难以实现的愿望名词Best wishes to you.|给你最美好的祝愿。例句We wish you a happy new year.我们祝你新年快乐。I wish to visit Guilin.我希望去参观桂林。I wish you to go.我希望你走。I wish I could fly like a bird.我希望我能像一只小鸟一样飞.(辨析)wish 与 hopewish 指对未曾达到、难以达到或不可能达到的目标极其渴望hope 指对可能达成的目标抱有希望①hope to do sth.希望儆某事②hope+that 从句,表示可以实现的愿望We hope to see you again.我们希望能再次见到你。I hope he can do that.我希望他能做那件事。16.other 形容词 另外的;其他的 代词另外的人(或物)[辨析] other,the other,another,others 与 the others①other用作形容词,常用来修饰三者或三者以上的其他人或物|例句 Luke often plays football with other students after school.卢克经常放学后和其他学生踢足球。②the other 用作代词或形容词,特指两者中的“另一个”例句 He has two daughters.One is a nurse,the other is a worker.他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。③another 用作代词或形容词,泛指三者或三者以上的“另一个”I don't like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个。请给我看另一个。④others用作代词,泛指“其他的人或物(并非全部)”Some of us like singing and lancing,others go in for sports.我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,另一些人喜欢运动。⑤the others用作代词,特指一个整体中“其他的人或物(剩余的全部)Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。⑥any other 其他任何一个,其后要接可数名词单数。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长.拓展](1)any other十单数名词”可与“the other十复数名词”转换。Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.=Lucy is taller than the other students in her class.(同范围进行比较)any用于肯定句中“任一”+名词单数China is larger than any country in Japan.(不同范围比较)17. rain v.下雨n.雨水【解析】rain 形容词 rainy下雨的:多雨的(1)v.下雨It's raining hard outside下雨外面雨下得很大(2)[U]n.雨水rain There's much rain here in summer雨水夏天这里雨水很多【拓展】①.在表示“下雨”时,可以用rain的不同形式来表达.。rain作名词,表示“雨” There is rain in Beijing.rainy表示“下雨的” It is rainy in Beijing. 现在分词raining表示“下雨” It is raining in Beijing.②表示一场雨时,rain为可数名词。雨的大小用heavy(heavily=hard)和light来形容。There will be a heavy/light rain tomorrow.明天会下大/小雨。It is raining heavily/hard here now.现在这里正下着大雨。sun-sunny—晴朗的 snow-snowy有雪的 fog-foggy多雾的 rain-rainy有雨的 wind—windy刮风的 ice-icy结冰的 cloud-cloudy多云的take a message意为“捎个口信;传话”。其中message是可数名词,意为“(书面或口头的)信息;消息”。Take a message for意为“给……捎个口信;传话给……Can take a message for him?Sounds like you're having a good time.听起来你玩得很开心。【解析】本句是一个省略句,完整句子应是“It sounds like you're having good time.”sound like意为“听起来好像”,后面常接名词或从句。It sounds like someone is laughing next door.听起来好像隔壁有人在笑。Sounds like he is all right now..听上去好像他现在已经好了。soon adv. 不久；很快soon 作副词，意为 很快；立刻Sunday is coming soon.辨析 soon、fast与quicklysoon 至现在或指定时间之后“不久” e.g. I’ll be back soon.fast “快速”，指物体的运行速度 e.g. Don’t run so fast.quickly “快”，强调立刻行动，毫不耽搁 e.g. He finished his homework very quickly. 拓展 how soon 意为 “多久以后”，对将来的时间进行提问，答语常为“in+一段时间”How soon will he get home? In half an hour.(半小时后)20. study hard“努力工作；努力学习”。① hard adv. “努力地，刻苦地” Li Ming is working hard at English. adv. 猛烈地 相当于heavily It’s raining hard. ② hard adj. 难的；困难的= difficult 其反义词为 easy sb find(s) it hard to do sth 发现做某事是困难的。That’s a hard question.adj. 坚硬的 The chair is too hard. I don’t like it.注意 hardly 几乎不when adv. 什么时候 When 和 what time 辨析相同点：两者都是用来提问时间的疑问词不同点：when主要对某年、某月、某时提问。 What time 主要对具体的时间提问。When 还可以做连词“当...时候”时间介词 in on at 辨析in 常和 morning、afternoon、evening以及年、月、季搭配on 用在具体的日期、星期前，还用在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上之前。at 和具体的时间点、noon、night搭配E.g. (1) in the morning/in 2015/in July/in summer(2) on April 1st/on Monday/on Monday morning(3) at five o’clock/at night22. busy adj.忙碌的;无暇的 be busy with sth. 忙于某事 e.g. I'm busy with my work. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 e.g.She is busy doing the housework. 24. time n.时间; (以某种方式经历的)事件;时刻 [用法详解](1)time在此作可数名词，意为"(以某种方式经历的)事件，时刻"，常与形容词good,great，wonderful等连用。 Eg.We had a great time at the party.（2）time还可作不可数名词,意为"时间"。常用结构: It's time for sth.到某事的时间了。 It's time (for sb. ) to do sth. 到了(某人)做某事的时间了。Eg.It's time for dinner.Eg.It's time for you to speak.（3）time还可作可数名词,意为"次;回",常与数词连用。 E.g.We do sports three times a week. 我们一周做三次运动。25."名词+'s"所有格"名词+'s" 所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词的所有关系。 ➊单数名词后加"'s"。Mary's book玛丽的书 ❷以-结尾的复数名词只加"”,不以结尾的复数名词通常加"'s"。 the three girls' father 这三个女孩的父亲the three children's father这三个孩子的父亲❸表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加"'s" ;表示各自所有时，应在各个名字后加"s”。Mary and Jane's car玛丽和简的汽车(她们共有的汽车)Mary's and Jane's cars玛丽和简的汽车(她们各自的汽车)❹'s所有格后的名词为住所、商店或办公场所等时,该名词常可省略。Where are you going? 你要去哪里?To Tom's.去汤姆家。She is now at the doctor's.她现在在诊所里。26. 英语中日期的表达方式美式表达:月+日+年“日”与“年”之间有逗号隔开g. June 13,2019 / June 13th，2019读作：June the thirteenth, twenty eighteen英式表达：日+月+年“月”与“年”之间有逗号隔开E.g. 13 June, 2019 / 13th June, 2016读作：the thirteen of June, twenty eighteen注：“日”既可以写成序数词的形式，也可以只写阿拉伯数字；但读书，“日”必须读作序数词。27.序数词用法： (1)序数词前常加the，后接名词单数。 (2)序数词的前面可以加不定冠词，用来表示“再一；又一”。 (3)序数词常用修饰名词，但当名词前有形容词性物主代词等限定词时，序数词前不加the.基数词变序数词的记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，th加在尾部（fourth，tenth）。二、三，特殊记，结尾字母t,d,d(first, second, third)。八去t，九去e（eighth，ninth），ve要用f替（fifth，twelfth）。Y变ie，然后再加th。若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。29. 现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作1.时间状语及标志性词 now 现在 at this time 在这时 at the moment 现在 look 看（后有 “！”） listen 听（后有 “！”）2. 现在分词的构成(1)一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go—going look--looking(2) 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。Eg: write—writing close--closing(3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing.swim, run, put, get, sit, begin，jog3.现在进行时构成 助动词be（am,is,are）+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），(1)肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. He is doing his homework now.(2)否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. He is not doing his homework now.(3)一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？ Is he doing his homework now?(4)肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +am/is/are Yes, he is. 否定回答： No, 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t No, he isn’t.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? What is your brother doing? 有些动词一般不用于现在进行时,如see,like,love, want,know等，而用一般现在时。 Do you know him?你认识他吗？有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly, drive,stay等表示位置转移的词，用现在进行时表示按计划即 将发生的动作， We are going to Beijing on Friday.我们星期五要去北京。It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it?你们国家现在的天气很热，对吗？本句是一个反意疑问句，表示提出情况或看法，询问对方同意与否。其构成：陈述句+简短问句。遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。简短问句的主谓语与前面陈述句的主谓语在人称、时态和树上要保持一致。简单句一般由“助动词、系动词的肯定或否定式—代词（主格）”构成，否定式通常使用缩写形式。如：Your mother goes to work every day, doesn’t she?你妈妈每天都去上班，是吗？It’s a nice day, isn’t it?今天天气很好，是吗？How's the weather?=What's the weather like?意为“天气怎么样?”其答语为“It's+表示天气状况的形容词.”-How's the weather in Jinan?(=What's the weather like in Jinan?)济南的天气怎么样?-It's sunny.晴朗。拓展】描述天气也可以用现在进行时进行回答:-How's the weather in your city?你的城市天气怎么样?-It's 'warm.暖和。-what's the weather like in Shanghai?上海天气怎么样?-It's raining now.现在天正下着雨。3.-How's it going?近来可好?--人变复数口诀：中国日本单复同，英国法国man变men，其他全部加sbe made of可看出原材料 The kite is made of paper.be made from看不出原材料 The paper is made from wood.use动词,在句中作谓语,表用途with介词,在句中作定语,表方式国家--人--的；--人的Australia(澳大利亚)AustralianAustralianAmerica（美国）AmericanAmericanAfrica（非洲）AfricanAfricanRussia（俄罗斯）RussianRussianCanada（加拿大）CanadianCanadian国家--人--的；--人的China(中国)ChineseChineseJapan(日本)JapaneseJapaneseBritain/England（英国）British/Englishman/EnglishwomanBritish/EnglishFrance（法国）Frenchman/FrenchwomanFrench