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    八年级第二学期英语期末易错知识点梳理讲义

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    这是一份八年级第二学期英语期末易错知识点梳理讲义,共5页。
    八年级第二学期英语期末易错知识点梳理一、词性1:冠词a European country一个欧洲的国家 an usual year/experience/trip 一个不寻常的年/经历/旅行a wonderful experience 一次精彩的经历 an island country一个岛屿国家国际组织(a Oxfam volunteer --a UNICEF doctor-- an ORBIS doctor)What about the...?这个怎么样?I have never seen a...:我从未见过::. It makes a...::他使一个...2:名词①类:menu菜单/printer打印机/screen屏幕/mouse鼠标②类:situations情况/condition条件(固)living condition居住条件/conversation交流③类:voice声音(专指人发出的)/noise噪音(汽车鸣笛)/sound声音(自然界的声音:雨声,风声,雷声)④类:reason理由/point要点,关键/result结果/advice建议(不可数)⑤类:difference区别(固)make a difference in...在...方面有区别/promise允诺/success成功/chance机会⑥类:experience经验(历)/condition条件/education教育/situation形式,情况/passport护照⑦类:instruction指示(说明书)/instrument乐器/interview采访/invention发明3:形容词①类:cheerful快乐的/harmful有害的/meaningful有意义的/meaningless无意义的/useful有用的/thankful感激的②类:kind友好的/clever聪明的/foolish,silly愚蠢/hard努力的/honest诚实的/patient耐心的/lonely孤独的(形容人)4:动词和动词短语(1)动词①类:realize意识到,实现(梦想)/describe描述/remember记得/improve提高②类:hit击打/shake握手/touch触动,感动/lift举起③类:renew续借/recycle回收(垃圾)/reduce减少/return返回④类:stand站立/refuse拒绝/afford支付得起钱/spend花费⑤类:hit击打/fine罚款/catch抓住/support支持动词短语①类:get on上车/carry on继续/depend on取决于,依靠/live on以...生活②类:turn up出现,调高声音/give up放弃/clean up清洁/take up占据③类:make a sure of确信/make a decision做决定/make plan制定计划④类:turn down调低声音/turn on打开/turn off关闭/turn into变为⑤类:in all合计/at all根本/above all首先,尤其是/after all毕竟⑥类:provide sth for sb:=provide sb with sth:为某人提供某物/offer sth:for sb:主动为人提供某物⑦类:afraid of害怕/strict with对::严格/proud of对::自豪/thankful to感谢⑧类:set up建立/send up发射/open up开拓眼界⑨类:cut in (on) ...插嘴/push in::.插队,插嘴/hand in提交(作业)5:介词①类:except除了/without没有/opposite在...对面/against反对,靠,击打(固)play against对抗,beat against击打,stand/live against依靠,crash against冲撞6:副词和副词短语①类:anyway无论如何/moreover而且/otherwise否则/instead恰恰相反是②类:loudly大声地/clearly清晰地/quietly安静地/closely亲密地/hardly几乎不③类:almost几乎/mostly主要地/exactly确切地/possibly可能地/especially尤其地④类:as well as不仅::而且::/as long as只要7:连词①类:but但是/while尽管/till知道/or否则②类:until直到...为止/before在::之前/after在::之后/since由于,因为,自...之后二、变析1:与way有关的短语in the way/in one’s way挡住某人的路 on the way (to)...在去...路上(注意here,there,home,abroad不能+to)in some ways以某种方式,在某种程度上 by the way顺便说一下2:与time有关的短语at a time一次 in time及时 on time准时 from time to time有时 at times总是 sometimes有时 sometime某时(常用于将来时) some time一段时间 some times一些次数3:use系列短语used to do sth:过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth:习惯于做某事(主语是人) be used to do sth被用来做...固定搭配::there used to be...过去常常有::(there be句型中不能用have)4:三种表示去的用法have gone to去了...没回来have been to去过...(句中出现never,ever,before,four times/且与次数有关)have been in 呆在...(句中有for+一段时间/since+过去的时间点)5:how系列短语how far问距离的多远(注意可以回答:About 30 minutes’ walk) how long问时间(回答;for+时间/since+时间点)How soon问多久(回答:in+一段时间) how often问频率:多久一次(回答:如:three times a week)拓展:how long的问句时态一般为现在完成时:例如how long has the door open?6:★主谓一致用法A (together) with B--- A as well as B---A except B 主语一定是A!!! 例如 Tom as well as his mother 主语就是Tom7:固定搭配(do/to do/doing用法)avoid doing sth避免做::. dream of/about doing sth:梦想做::. can’t stop doing sth:=can’t wait to do sth:迫不及待做...warn sb.(not) to do sth:警告某人(不)做::.feel like doing sth:想要做某事 stop两种:stop to do::停下来去做另一件事情 stop doing sth:停止目前手上做的...carry on doing sth:=carry on with sth:继续(做)事情...continue doing sth:继续做同一件事 ask sb to do sth:请求某人做...8:瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法buy--have/has had borrow--have/has kept arrive--have/has been in,at leave--have/has been awayjoin--have/has been a member of die--have/has been dead marry--have/has been married begin/start-- have/has been on stop/finish-- have/has been over9:alone与lonely的用法alone表示:处境孤独/一个村庄的孤独 lonely表示:精神上的孤独(feel lonely)/地点的孤独(a lonely village一个孤僻的村庄)10:receive与accept的用法区别receive 表示客观的接受。accept表示主观的接受。例如:receive a message/present/gift/e-mail I don’t want to accept this gift:11:for example 与such as的区别for example--举例说明,只举同类人或事物中的一个例子,且短语前后必须有逗号 例如:, for example,such as--举例说明,只能举同类人或事物在的几个例子(至少两个),且短语前面必须有逗号例如:,such as12:感叹句的用法what+a/an+形容词+主语(可数名词单数)+谓语动词!常考:(注意有a和没有a)What a great time/What a meaningful workWhat a fantastic experienceWhat useful advice/newsWhat good informationhow+形容词或副词+the+主语+谓语!13:语法too...to do...太...而不能::.否定意义=not enough to do sth:enough::to do...足够...做...(注意:句中有形容词需放在enough前面,即adj:+enough)so::that与such::that::(注意:so+adj:+a/an+n:=such+a/an+adj:+n:)14:交际用语的问句和回答Would+sb:+mind+doing sth?某人介意做某事? 介意的回答:You’d better not:/Of course/Certainly: 不介意的回答:Of course not:/Certainly not:/Not at all:(易错:Never mind没关系-与介意无任何关系,判断介意和不介意一定要看答句横线后面的句意!!)(2)With pleasure:我乐意(去做)。(别人请你帮他做事情的回答) My pleasure:不客气,不用谢。(回答别人对你的感谢)=No,thanks:不用谢。(3)I’m afraid so:恐怕是这样。I’m afraid not:恐怕不行。 I hope so:希望如此。 I hope not:希望不是。15:情态动词的用法--必考题must的用法是(1)和(2)表示“必须”,否定回答:主语+don't/doesn’t have to或者主语+needn't(易错:mustn’t是禁止的意思)表示“推测的意思(主观)”,否定回答:主语+can’t常见情态动词否定:mustn’t禁止做(禁止吸烟,闯红灯,穿马路,把书从图书馆带走);needn’t不需要,can't不可能(能力),shouldn't不应该16:until用法not...until直到...时候(可位于句首) 常考题:He won’t go to bed until his mother comes back:直到妈妈回来他才去睡觉 How soon will you finish the task? Not until six:你多久完成任务?直到6点。until:直到某个时间点一直都在做。17:反义疑问句中’s的判断和回答sb:’s区分’s是is还是has,看这个结构后面有无动词过去分词,有就是has,没有就是is。其次,反义疑问句的回答一定要根据事实回答。例句:Your aunt’s been to Nan tong?, hasn’t she? No she hasn’t:She plans to go there this summer:18:易错难点Mary didn’t know who to talk to about the problem.(注意两个to)What...:for?为什么::? 回答:To do.../For doing...(注意不能用because回答)be made up of由...组成(例如:江苏由13个城市组成。)find+it+adj+for sb:+to do sth:(注意是it不是it’s,that)As the saying goes...正如...所说19:被动语态★★★(done就是动词过去分词)---必考题被动语态可以用于任何时态,基本结构:现在时:be+done 将来时:will+be+done 过去时:was/were+done 现在完成时:have/has+been+done20:替代词:this,that,those,one,ones,it区别(1)it特指,代替前文提到过的事物。(同类同物)例:He is eating a banana.It looks delicious:(2)that特指,代替不可数名词或单数名词,指物。The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that of Dongguan:(that = the weather)(3)those特指,代替复数名词。如:The machines are better than those we produced last year:(those=the machines)(4)one泛指,代替单数名词,可指人或物。(同类异物)I like the bananas,please give me one more:(5)ones泛指,代替复数名词,可指人或物。如:There were a few young people with some old ones in the house:(ones=people)

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