江苏省盐城中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省盐城中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷(含答案)，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，选词填空，语法填空，完成句子，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Fur Shws t See
Falcns: The Art f the Hunt
The hunting training f falcns (猎鹰) has lng been attractive t humans.Aslngagasearly8th-century Syria, falcns were being trained t becme skilful hunters fr the ryal curts (皇家庭院). The practice spread acrss the wrld. A news hw in the Natinal Museum f Asian Art cllects paintings and bjects frm ancient Egypt t China celebrating the hunting pwer f the birds. (Jan. 15-Jul. 17, 2022).
Iké Udé: Nllywd Prtraits
The success f Nigeria’s Film industry has als meant the rise f charm and famus peple in what is called Nllywd. Iké Udé returned t Lags, the largest part f Nigeria, in 2014 after three decades as an artist in New Yrk City t phtgraph the leading stars, ften in cstumes frm their films, as well as directrs and prducers in the $3 billin industry. The result reflects the changing nature f African identity in the 21st century. (Opens Feb.5, 2022)
Prestn Singletary: Raven and the Bx f Daylight
Pacific Nrthwest music and prjects accmpany (伴随) a majr shw at the Natinal Museum f the American Indian by Tlingit glass artist Prestn Singletary. Organised by the artist with the Museum f Glass in Tacma, Washingtn, it was riginally suppsed t pen in the fall f 2020. The shw tells the stry f Raven and his effrts t change the wrld by bringing light t peple frm the stars, mn and sun. (Jan, 28, 2022-Jan. 29,2023).
Baseball: America’s Hme Run
This shw features hundreds f U.S. and internatinal stamps remembering baseball’s finest players. First rganised t mark the 150th anniversary (周年庆) f prfessinal baseball in 2019. “Baseball: America’s Hme Run” will feature sme histric bjects that have never appeared n public shw. (Apr.9-Sep.25, 2022)
1．What can yu enjy in Natinal Museum f Asian Art?
A. Expert hunting skills.
B. Intrductin t famus hunters.
C. The hunting life f ryal families.
D. The cllectins f the hunting pwer f falcns.
2．Which shw may tell inspiratinal stries?
A. Falcns: The Art f the Hunt.
B. Iké Udé: Nllywd Prtraits.
C. Prestn Singletary: Raven and the Bx f Daylight.
D. Baseball: America’s Hme Run.
3．What is special abut Baseball: America’s Hme Run?
A. It will fcus n valuable stamps.B. It will put sprts and art tgether.
C. It will stress the features f baseball.D. It will give peple a new experience.
Inside а tiny shp in Manchester, Adam Birce carefully carves at а wdblck. He lks carefully at each piece t ensure they fit and match befre gently setting them tgether. Adam Birce, the wner f Fur Strings, restres stringed instruments like vilins and his passin is in restring and appreciating what has already been crafted and lved.
Birce started playing the vilin in grade schl and grew t truly appreciate it. He played semiprfessinally ut f high schl and later gt his degree in music at Virginia Cmmnwealth University as a vilinist. After graduating, he landed a jb selling vilins. “As fate wuld have it, I was asked by my emplyer t learn t fix vilins 15 years ag,” he says. “I sn mved ff n my wn t d restratin.” Since 2014, he’s been n a missin with Fur Strings t prvide excellent fine-instrument restratin fr the cmmnwealth.
Vilin restratin isn’t a self-taught skill. Each summer fr the past decade, Birce has traveled t the Massachusetts Cllege f Liberal Arts fr up t tw weeks t study under famus vilin restratin expert Hans J. Nebel. Here, students learn everything frm delicate edging repair t vilin identificatin. “A lt f the wrk itself is learning as yu g,” Birce says. “It’s a lt f prblem-slving and critical thinking, like cming up with a wdwrking cntext.”
Hw lng а jb takes varies. “Mst are abut 3-6 mnths fr majr wrk, unless a full tp-t-bttm restratin is needed, which can take even lnger,” Birce explains. “I leave that up t the client if they want t cmmit t that.” One f his lngest jbs was wrking n a Scttish vilin frm the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had t use every skill in my tlbx t fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls. “It was a very nerus jb.”
If there’s ne thing t be learned frm Birce’s passin, it’s that each vilin is unique in its wn right. He cmpares the fine instruments market t the fine arts market. “A lt f these instruments are fine art,” he says. “I kind f say this is a Picass I’m playing r a Degas. I’ve wrked n a few, which is always a jy.”
4．What des the authr think f vilin restratin?
A. It’s effrtless.B. It’s self-taught.
C. It’s bring.D. It’s highly prfessinal.
5．What mainly determines the time spent n restring a vilin?
A. Hw pwerful the tls are.B. Its cnditin and the client’s needs.
C. What material it’s made f.D. Its client’s pay fr the restrer.
6．Which f the fllwing best explains “nerus” underlined in paragraph 4?
A. Abnrmal.B. Enjyable.C. Encuraging.D. Demanding.
7．What des the last paragraph intend t shw?
A. Birce’s passin fr art.B. Birce’s impact n the market.
C. Birce’s feelings abut the jb.D. Birce’s advice n vilin restratin.
Ada Palmer is a prfessr f Eurpean histry at the University f Chicag. Her science-fictin series, Terra Ignta, was inspired by 18th-century philsphers such as Vltaire and Didert. “I wanted t write a stry that Vltaire might have written if Vltaire had be enable t read the last 70 years’ wrth f science fictin and have all f thse tls available (可获得的) fr his use,” Palmer says in a radi prgram called Geek’s Guide t the Galaxy.
Palmer says that Vltaire culd actually be cnsidered the first sci-fic writer, thanks t a place he wrte in 1752. “Vltaire has a shrt stry called Micrmégas, in which an alien frm Saturn and an alien frm a star near Sirius cme t Earth. They are extremely big in size. They explre Earth and have truble finding life frms because t them a whale is the size f a flea (跳蚤)”, she says. They eventually realize that the tiny little spt f wd n the grund is a ship, and it’s full f living things, including humans, and they make cntact. S it’s a first-cntact stry.
Mary Shelley’s 1818 nvel Frankenstein is ften cnsidered the first sci-fi nvel. Vltaire was writing much earlier than Shelley, s shuld he have the title instead? It depends n yur definitin (定义) f science fictin. “Micrmégas desn’t invlve technlgy,” Palmer says, “s if yu define science fictin as depending upn technlgy—and being abut, in the Frankenstein sense. Is man’s knwledge giving us access t pwers beynd what we’ve had befre? What des that mean?’—it isn’t asking that. But ‘aliens and first cntact’ is a very significant science fictinal element.”
S there’s n bvius answer t the questin f wh shuld be cnsidered the first sci-fi writer. Palmer says it’s mre imprtant t ask the questin than t arrive at any particular answer. “I dn’t want t argue, ‘Yes, definitely, everybdy’s histries f science fictin shuld start with Vltaire,” she says. “But I d want t argue that everybdy’s histries f science fictin will be richer by discussing whether Vltaire is the beginning f science fictin, r whether it’s earlier r whether it’s later. Because that gets at the questin f what science fictin is.”
8．What d we knw abut Micrmégas accrding t the text?
A. It is widely accepted as a science-fictin stry.
B. It has a big influence n tday’s science fictin.
C. Its main characters have truble finding humans.
D. Its cntent is abut humans’ explratin f space.
9．Why des Ada Palmer regard Vltaire as a sci-fi writer?
A. One f his stries fcuses n technlgy.
B. His stry invlves aliens frm ther planets.
C. He described human-alien cntact in a stry.
D. Her science fictin was inspired by his writing.
10．What des Ada Palmer really want t discuss when it cmes t science fictin?
A. Its true rigin.B. What it can cver.
C. Its clurful expressins.D. Why it is interesting.
11．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Ada Palmer and science fictin.
B. Was Vltaire the first sci-fi authr?
C. Technlgy’s rle in science fictin.
D. What is science fictin really abut?
Any parent f grwing teenagers knws their kids’ appetite (食欲) can be extremely large. Nw, imagine having a yung dinsaur checking the fridge. The ut size appetites f grwing dinsaurs reshaped fd chains in their envirnment and crwded ut ther carnivres (食肉动物), accrding t a new study.
Mst grups f animals have many small-sized species, smewhat fewer medium-sized species and the fewest large-sized species. Hwever, the extinct dinsaurs—especially carnivres had plenty f species n bigger than mdern-day chickens and als many extremely big species, but few medium-sized nes.
Scientists wndered whether teen dinsaurs crwded ut medium-sized adults by taking advantage f the habitats and fd surces thse species might have taken. T test the idea, Katlin Schreder, a Ph. D. student at the University f New Mexic (UNM), cmbed a glbal cllectin f data t determine the size f mre than 550 dinsaur species in 43 ancient ecsystems.
“In mst cmmunities, plant-eating dinsaurs were in multifarius sizes. But carnivres were cmpletely different,” Schreder says. Plant-eating dinsaurs came in a range f sizes, while carnivrus dinsaurs between 100 and 1, 000 kilgrams were quite rare. “The size f the carnivrus dinsaur is surprising. It’s as if yu went t the savanna, a large flat area f grassy land, and saw nthing in size between a small fx and a lin,” Schreder says. “Patterns in all the dinsaur cmmunities studied are very similar. We saw the gap in species’ sizes fr years, but never measured it.”
Schreder and palentlgists Eelisa Smith f UNM and Kathleen Lyns f the University f Nebraska, Lincln, mdeled the rle that yung carnivrus dinsaurs might have played in ecsystems. “If the teen dinsaurs are really using up this space, hw many f them wuld yu expect?” Smith says. Their study shwed that “the teenagers fill the gap,” she says. “If yu fill them in, then yu get a cmmunity that lks like what yu’d expect.”
“The effect maybe strnger in meat eaters because each carnivrus dinsaur species hatched (孵化) frm small eggs; then they grew very quickly. They had t change diets and hunting methds t adapt t their new sizes and cmpete with a range f ther species alng the way,” Ericksn, anther scientist, says.
“The study’s stress n hw animals’ niches (生态位) can change as they grw ffers fresh understandings,” says Mike Bentn, a scientist at the University f Bristl.
12．Hw des the authr bring up the tpic f the text?
A. By shwing an example.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By starting a discussin.D. By ffering an explanatin.
13．What cnfuses scientists abut the extinct dinsaurs?
A. Whether they lived in large cmmunities.
B. Why yung dinsaurs had ut size appetites.
C. Why there were fewer medium-sized species.
D. Hw they adapted t the envirnment change.
14．What des the underlined wrd “multifarius” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Similar.B. Large.C. Reasnable.D. Varius.
15．What des Ericksn want t stress in the last but ne paragraph?
A. The impact f carnivrus dinsaurs’ appetite n their sizes.
B. The cmpetitive living envirnment f carnivrus dinsaurs.
C. The relatin between fd variety and dinsaurs’ survival ability.
D. The rle f eating habits in carnivrus dinsaurs’ hunting methds.
二、七选五
16．In ancient times, peple tracked the seasns by fllwing the lunar mnths. Many times, the names f the mns were related with what features the seasns had. ① _________ It is a special name with a histry dating back t Native American tribes (部落). The name is als thught t have a Celtic rigin, brught ver t Nrth America by Eurpean settlers.
Regardless f where the name Wlf Mn cmes frm, wlves hwl (嚎叫) t cmmunicate ver lng distances bth in Nrth America and in Eurpe. It is a way f saying “here I am” t the rest f the pack r “stay away” t enemies. ② _________ As the late summer mves twards fall, wlves call mre and mre t neighbrs and enemies.
③ _________ Hwever, hwls by a pack can last frm 30 t 120 secnd, and lnger during the breeding (繁殖) seasn. As a result, wlves are particularly lud in the first mnth f the year. ④ _________
Science has nt shwn that the Mn phase (月相) plays any particular part in the calls f wlves, but wlves are animals that are in general mre active at night. ⑤ _________ They pint their faces tward the sky because prjecting their hwls upward carries the sund farther.
A. They are energetic in January.
B. Wlves hwl in the directin f the Mn.
C. In spring and early summer, wlves hwl t seek mates.
D. An average hwl frm a single wlf lasts frm 3 t 7 secnds.
E. That is prbably why peple related January with hwling wlves.
F. It desn’t quite fit in with the traditinal Full Mn naming system.
G. January’s Full Mn in Nrth America is knwn as the Wlf Mn.
三、完形填空（15空）
A few weeks ag, my husband and I picked tmates grwing in my father-in-law’s rderly garden. He had stuck t planting tmates fr mre than 40 years. I have been 1 by his determinatin, nt t mentin the cnsiderable 2 , as he wuld prepare fr yet anther grwing seasn. After placing seeds int sil, he wuld water, weed, and talk t them every day, waiting with 3 fr their prgress. T him, the garden is everything.
But this past summer, my father-in-law had t 4 the garden. He had becme 5 , and is nw resting at hme with serius heart failure. His garden is nw 6 and full f weeds. We picked the best tmates in August, but nw the garden seems t have been 7
A few weeks ag, my husband tk the biggest tmat he culd find frm his father’s garden, squirted (挤出) it free f its seeds and laid them ut t dry. His father used t make this 8 at the end f each seasn. The seeds, a way f 9 the healthiest tmat grwth, wuld prmise a successful harvest.
My husband paid n attentin t the garden befre. I knw why, after all these years, he keeps these 10 . Will his father 11 Christmas? Will anyne plant that garden in the spring when he is 12 nt here? Hw much time d we really have with him?
We d nt knw the 13 but I d knw what the seeds will 14 . There will be mre than just tmates. Anything that cmes frm them — any sauce, any meal, any memry — will always be 15 .
17．A. influencedB. fferedC. impressedD. cmfrted
18．A. effrtB. attitudeC. mneyD. cncept
19．A. anxietyB. curisityC. dubtD. patience
20．A. take verB. give upC. give awayD. pull dwn
21．A. tiredB. slwC. weakD. lazy
22．A. emptyB. smallC. ldD. disrderly
23．A. dislikedB. frgttenC. attackedD. judged
24．A. selectinB. attemptC. achievementD. success
25．A. estimatingB. emphasizingC. ensuringD. advising
26．A. flwersB. gardensC. mealsD. seeds
27．A. missB. surviveC. expectD. enjy
28．A. prbablyB. frequentlyC. particularlyD. fficially
29．A. reasnsB. questinsC. answersD. cnsequences
30．A. applyB. makeC. requireD. prmise
31．A. nticedB. appreciatedC. recgnizedD. linked
四、短文填空
32．Traditinally, rbts have been hard, made f metal and ther rigid material. But a team f scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed t build an① _________ (entire) sft rbt -- the “Octbt”.
② _________ (describe) in science jurnal Nature, the “Octbt” culd pave the way fr mre intelligent rbts that culd be used in search, rescue and explratin than the traditinal nes. “The Octbt is a minimal system which may serve③ _________ a fundatin fr a new generatin f cmpletely sft, autnmus rbts,” the study’s authrs wrte.
Researchers④ _________ (wrk) n building sft rbts fr decades. They’ve taken⑤ _________ (inspire) frm nature, lking t animals frm jellyfish t cckraches, which are ften made up f mre flexible matter.
Hwever, creating a cmpletely sft rbt⑥ _________ (remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicne (硅酮) bdy, ⑦ _________ is still a grand challenge t cnstruct flexible versins f essential parts, such as a surce f pwer.
“⑧ _________ sft rbtics is still in its early stage, it hlds a great prmise fr several applicatins, such as search-rescue peratins and explratins,” Barbara Mazzlai f Technlgy, Center fr Micr-Bi Rbtics, wrte in⑨ _________ cmment. “Sft rbts might als pen up new appraches t⑩ _________ (imprve) wellness and quality f life.”
五、选词填空
33．选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子，有两个单词为多余词。
1. He is wrking n a screen f his latest nvel.
2. is a must if yu want t grasp what yu have learned.
3. My plans are based n the that huse prices wuld remain steady.
4. Interested in different cultures, the girl always travelling all ver the cuntry.
5. with much knwledge, the prfessr is respected by his students as well as his clleagues.
六、语法填空
34．With mre and mre frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth (wash) away nw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35．Amy, as well as her brthers, ______(give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
36．Having studied abut 600 clinical cases (临床病例), the scientist fund a cure the disease. (用适当的词填空)
37．Actually, the film yu see n the scene is the prduct f a huge amunt f hard wrk, mst f takes place behind the scenes. （用适当的词填空）
38．Directr James Camern even went dwn t the bttm f the Atlantic Ocean t see was left f the ship fr himself. (用适当的词填空)
39．It is strngly recmmended that the machines (check) every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40．Many elderly peple expressed a strng ___________ (prefer) t live in their wn hmes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41．They are watching s gd a film we have watched. （用适当的词填空）
42．Whatever yur answer is, there's always a lt mre t it first meets the eye.（用适当的词填空）
43． (flexible) training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch yur muscles and imprve yur bdy’s range f mvement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
七、完成句子
44．By way f (非常重视) efficiency, teachers can help students imprve their grades. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
45．The pssibilities f failure (使忧心忡忡) the whle team, making them in n md t d anything tday. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
46．Bth f them actually have the qualities and virtues that (是典型的) American actrs. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
47．He came rund fr a cffee and we (最后) having a meal tgether. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
48．The film starring Tm Hanks has certainly . (没有辜负我的期望) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49．Having made great achievements in his business, but smehw, he fr a living nw. (沦落为乞讨) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
50．The village is really beautiful, but the pht desn’t its view. (给予公平的评价) (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51．Hpefully, next time yu g t the cinema, yu’ll (想一想)fr all thse talented peple behind the scenes. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
52．Exercise imprves certain brain functins, meaning yu culd actually (通过锻炼) t better perfrmance at schl! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53．Remember t drink thrughut exercise t (弥补) water lst t sweat. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
八、书面表达
54．假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：
1. 简述现状；
2. 表示理解；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80字左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 开头已给出，不计入总字数。请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellw students,
I’m Li Hua, president f the Students’ Unin.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Unin
Nvember 17th , 2023
参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Falcns: The Art f the Hunt部分中“A news hw in the Natinal Museum f Asian Art cllects paintings and bjects frm ancient Egypt t China celebrating the hunting pwer f the birds.(亚洲国家艺术博物馆收藏了从古埃及到中国的绘画和物品，颂扬鸟类的狩猎能力)”可知，在亚洲国家艺术博物馆可以看到颂扬猎鹰狩猎能力的绘画和物品，故选D。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Prestn Singletary: Raven and the Bx f Daylight部分中“The shw tells the stry f Raven and his effrts t change the wrld by bringing light t peple frm the stars, mn and sun.(该展览讲述了乌鸦的故事，以及他通过从星星、月亮和太阳给人们带来光明来改变世界的努力)”可知，该展览讲述了鼓舞人心的故事，故选C。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Baseball: America’s Hme Run部分中“‘Baseball: America’s Hme Run’ will feature sme histric bjects that have never appeared n public shw.(‘Baseball: America’s Hme Run’将展出一些从未公开展出的历史物品)”可知，该展览将展出一些从未公开展出的历史物品，故会给人们一种新的体验，故选D。
4．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Vilin restratin isn’t a self-taught skill. Each summer fr the past decade, Birce has traveled t the Massachusetts Cllege f Liberal Arts fr up t tw weeks t study under famus vilin restratin expert Hans J. Nebel. Here, students learn everything frm delicate edging repair t vilin identificatin.(小提琴修复不是一项自学成才的技能。在过去的十年里，每年夏天，伯斯都会前往麻省文理学院(Massachusetts Cllege f Liberal Arts)，在著名小提琴修复专家汉斯·J·内贝尔(Hans J. Nebel)的指导下学习两周。在这里，学生们学习从精致的边缘修复到小提琴鉴定的一切)”可知，作者认为小提琴修复不是一项自学的技能，需要向专家学习。由此推知，作者认为小提琴修复是专业技能。故选D。
5．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hw lng а jb takes varies. “Mst are abut 3-6 mnths fr majr wrk, unless a full tp-t-bttm restratin is needed, which can take even lnger,” Birce explains. “I leave that up t the client if they want t cmmit t that.” One f his lngest jbs was wrking n a Scttish vilin frm the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had t use every skill in my tlbx t fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls. “It was a very nerus jb.”(一项工作需要多长时间是不同的。Birce解释说：“大多数主要工作大约需要3—6个月，除非需要进行全面的自下而上的修复，这可能需要更长的时间。”“我把这个问题留给客户，看他们是否愿意这么做。”他最长时间的工作之一是修复一把19世纪早期被水损坏的苏格兰小提琴。Birce笑着回忆道：“我不得不动用我工具箱里的所有技能来修理它。”“这是一项非常繁重的工作。”)”可推知，修复一把小提琴需要花费的时间与自身状况和客户需求有关。故选B。
6．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据上文“One f his lngest jbs was wrking n a Scttish vilin frm the early 1800s that had been water-damaged. “I had t use every skill in my tlbx t fix it,” Birce laughingly recalls.(他最长时间的工作之一是修复一把19世纪早期被水损坏的苏格兰小提琴。Birce笑着回忆道：“我不得不动用我工具箱里的所有技能来修理它。”)”可知，修复那把苏格兰小提琴的工作是非常繁重的。由此可知，nerus意为“繁重的，麻烦的”，与D项demanding意思接近。故选D。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If there’s ne thing t be learned frm Birce’s passin, it’s that each vilin is unique in its wn right. He cmpares the fine instruments market t the fine arts market. “A lt f these instruments are fine art,” he says. “I kind f say this is a Picass I’m playing r a Degas. I’ve wrked n a few, which is always a jy.”(如果说我们能从Birce的激情中学到什么的话，那就是每把小提琴都是独一无二的。他把乐器市场比作美术市场。“很多乐器都是艺术品，”他说。“我可以说，我正在演奏的是毕加索或德加的作品。我做过一些，这总是一种乐趣。”)”可推知，最后一段主要告诉我们他对这项工作的感受。故选C。
8．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Vltaire has a shrt stry called Micrmégas, in which an alien frm Saturn and an alien frm a star near Sirius cme t Earth. They are extremely big in size. They explre Earth and have truble finding life frms because t them a whale is the size f a flea (跳蚤), she says. “They eventually realize that the tiny little spt f wd n the grund is a ship, and it’s full f living things, including humans, and they make cntact.(伏尔泰有一个短篇故事叫《Micrmégas》，讲的是一个来自土星的外星人和一个来自天狼星附近恒星的外星人来到地球。它们的体型非常大。她说，他们探索地球，却很难找到生命形式，因为对他们来说，鲸鱼只有跳蚤那么大。他们最终意识到，地面上那一小块木头是一艘船，船上满是生物，包括人类，他们接触了)”可知，从文章中可知《Micrmégas》的主角很难找到人类。故选C项。
9．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Micrmégas desn’t invlve technlgy,” Palmer says, “s if yu define science fictin as depending upn technlgy—and being abut, in the Frankenstein sense, Is man’s knwledge giving us access t pwers beynd what we’ve had befre? What des that mean?’—it isn’t asking that. But ‘aliens and first cntact’ is a very significant science fictinal element.(“Micrmégas并不涉及技术，”帕尔默说，“所以如果你把科幻小说定义为依赖于技术，并且是关于弗兰肯斯坦那种意义上的：人类的知识是否给予我们比以前更强大的力量？那意味着什么？——它并未涉及这一点。但“外星人和首次接触”是一个非常重要的科幻元素。”)”可知，帕尔默认为“外星人和首次接触”是一个非常重要的科幻元素，所以认为Micrmégas是科幻小说，从而认为伏尔泰是一位科幻作家。故选C项。
10．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“S there’s n bvius answer t the questin f wh shuld be cnsidered the first sci-fi writer. Palmer says it’s mre imprtant t ask the questin than t arrive at any particular answer. “I dn’t want t argue, ‘Yes, definitely, everybdy’s histries f science fictin shuld start with Vltaire,” she says. “But I d want t argue that everybdy’s histries f science fictin will be richer by discussing whether Vltaire is the beginning f science fictin, r whether it’s earlier r whether it’s later. Because that gets at the questin f what science fictin is.”(所以，谁应该被认为是第一个科幻作家这个问题没有明确的答案。帕尔默说，提出问题比得到特定的答案更重要。“我不想争辩，‘是的，当然，每个人的科幻小说历史都应该从伏尔泰开始，’”她说。“但我确实想说，通过讨论伏尔泰是否是科幻小说的开端，或者是更早还是更晚，每个人的科幻历史都会更丰富。因为这触及了什么是科幻小说的问题。”)”可知，谈到科幻小说，阿达·帕尔默认为提出问题比得到特定的答案更重要，通过讨论问题让每个人的科幻历史都会更丰富，说明她更希望多元化的讨论和表达，而不是为科幻小说或者谁是第一个科幻小说家下定义。故选C项。
11．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Palmer says that Vltaire culd actually be cnsidered the first sci-fic writer, thanks t a place he wrte in 1752.( 帕尔默说，伏尔泰实际上可以被认为是第一位科学作家，这要归功于他在1752年写的一篇文章)”以及第三段“Mary Shelley’s 1818 nvel Frankenstein is ften cnsidered the first sci-fi nvel. Vltaire was writing much earlier than Shelley, s shuld he have the title instead?( 玛丽·雪莱1818年的小说《弗兰肯斯坦》通常被认为是第一部科幻小说。伏尔泰写作的时间比雪莱早得多，那么他应该被冠以这个头衔吗？)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了伏尔泰是不是第一个科幻作家，以及通过讨论这个问题，能给读者带来的好处，所以B项“Was Vltaire the first sci-fi authr? (伏尔泰是第一个科幻作家吗？)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
12．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Any parent f grwing teenagers knws their kids’ appetite (食欲) can be extremely large. Nw, imagine having a yung dinsaur checking the fridge. The ut size appetites f grwing dinsaurs reshaped fd chains in their envirnment and crwded ut ther carnivres (食肉动物), accrding t a new study.(任何正在成长的青少年的父母都知道他们孩子的胃口可能非常大。现在，想象一下一只年轻的恐龙在检查冰箱。一项新研究表明，生长中的恐龙的超大胃口重塑了它们所处环境的食物链，并挤掉了其他食肉动物)”可知，作者通过人类青少年的胃口举例，引出年轻的恐龙的胃口，从而引出主题。故选A项。
13．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Mst grups f animals have many small-sized species, smewhat fewer medium-sized species and the fewest large-sized species. Hwever, the extinct dinsaurs—especially carnivres had plenty f species n bigger than mdern-day chickens and als many extremely big species, but few medium-sized nes.(大多数动物群有许多小型物种，中型物种略少，大型物种最少。然而，已经灭绝的恐龙——尤其是食肉动物——有很多和现在的鸡一样大的物种，也有很多非常大的物种，但中等大小的物种很少)”可知，为什么中型物种较少让科学家对灭绝的恐龙感到困惑。故选C项。
14．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据后文“Plant-eating dinsaurs came in a range f sizes, while carnivrus dinsaurs between 100 and 1, 000 kilgrams were quite rare.(植食性恐龙的体型各不相同，而体重在100到1000公斤之间的肉食性恐龙则相当罕见)”可知，植食性恐龙的体型各不相同，推知multifarius是“各种各样的”意思，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段““The study’s stress n hw animals’ niches (生态位) can change as they grw ffers fresh understandings,” says Mike Bentn, a scientist at the University f Bristl.(布里斯托尔大学的科学家迈克·本顿(Mike Bentn)说：“这项研究强调动物的生态位如何随着生长而变化，这为我们提供了新的认识。”)”可知，这项研究强调动物的生态位如何随着生长而变化，也就是恐龙随着体形的成长，在生态链中位置的改变，所以强调的是食肉恐龙竞争激烈的生存环境。故选B项。
16．答案：①-⑤GCDEB
解析：①下文“It is a special name with a histry dating back t Native American tribes . The name is als thught t have a Celtic rigin, brught ver t Nrth America by Eurpean settlers.”（这是一个特殊的名字，其历史可以追溯到美国土著部落。这个名字也被认为起源于凯尔特人，由欧洲定居者带到北美。）介绍了一个名字的由来，G项“January’s Full Mn in Nrth America is knwn as the Wlf Mn.”（一月的满月在北美被称为狼月。）中“the Wlf Mn”照应下文代词“It”，衔接恰当。故选G项。
②下文“As the late summer mves twards fall, wlves call mre and mre t neighbrs and enemies.”（随着夏末接近秋天，狼对邻居和敌人的呼唤越来越多。）说明随着季节的变化，狼嚎的意义也会不同，C项“In spring and early summer, wlves hwl t seek mates.”（春天和初夏，狼会嚎叫寻找配偶。）说明在春夏时节，狼嚎是为了寻找配偶，衔接下文，引出秋天狼嚎的不同含义。故选C项。
③下文“Hwever, hwls by a pack can last frm 30 t 120 secnd, and lnger during the breeding seasn.”（然而，一个狼群的嚎叫可以持续30到120秒，在繁殖季节会持续更长时间。）说明群狼嚎叫可以持续很长时间，D项“An average hwl frm a single wlf lasts frm 3 t 7 secnds.”（一只狼的嚎叫平均持续3到7秒。）与后文构成转折关系，照应“Hwever”，符合句意。故选D项。
④上文“As a result, wlves are particularly lud in the first mnth f the year.”（因此，狼在一年的头一个月嚎叫特别大声。）陈述了客观事实，E项“That is prbably why peple related January with hwling wlves.”（这可能就是为什么人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。）衔接上文，给出上文事实引起的结果，即人们把一月份和嚎叫的狼联系在一起。故选E项。
⑤上文“Science has nt shwn that the Mn phase plays any particular part in the calls f wlves, but wlves are animals that are in general mre active at night.”（科学并没有表明月相对狼的叫声有什么特殊的影响，但狼是一种通常在晚上更活跃的动物。）说明狼在晚上更活跃，B项“Wlves hwl in the directin f the Mn.”（狼朝月亮的方向嚎叫。）解释它们晚上活跃的具体表现就是嚎叫，引出下文“They pint their faces tward the sky because prjecting their hwls upward carries the sund farther.”（它们把脸指向天空，因为把它们的嚎叫向上投射会使声音传播得更远。）嚎叫的具体动作，衔接恰当。故选B项。
17．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的决心给我留下了深刻的印象，更不用说他为下一个生长季节所做的巨大努力。A. influenced影响；B. ffered提供；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. cmfrted安慰。根据前文“He had stuck t planting tmates fr mre than 40 years”可知，他的决心给作者留下了深刻的印象。故选C项。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的决心给我留下了深刻的印象，更不用说他为下一个生长季节所做的巨大努力。A. effrt努力；B. attitude态度；C. mney金钱；D. cncept概念。根据后文“After placing seeds int sil, he wuld water, weed, and talk t them every day”可知，他为下一个生长季节付出巨大努力。故选A项。
19．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把种子放进土里后，他每天给它们浇水、除草、和它们说话，耐心地等待着它们的成长。A. anxiety焦虑；B. curisity好奇；C. dubt怀疑；D. patience耐心。根据前文“After placing seeds int sil, he wuld water, weed, and talk t them every day”可知，他把一切准备就绪，耐心地等待种子发芽生长。故选D项。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是在刚刚过去的这个夏天，我的公公不得不放弃花园。A. take ver接管；B. give up放弃；C. give away捐赠；D. pull dwn拆毁。根据后文“with serius heart failure”可知，由于生病，他不得不放弃花园的工作。故选B项。
21．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经变得虚弱，现在因严重的心力衰竭在家休息。A. tired劳累的；B. slw缓慢的；C. weak虚弱的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据后文“with serius heart failure”可知，由于生病，他身体非常虚弱。故选C项。
22．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的花园现在乱七八糟，长满了杂草。A. empty空的；B. small小的；C. ld老的；D. disrderly杂乱的。根据后文“full f weeds”可知，现在花园无人打理，杂乱不堪。故选D项。
23．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在八月采摘了最好的西红柿，但现在花园似乎已经被遗忘了。A. disliked不喜欢；B. frgtten忘记；C. attacked攻击；D. judged判断。根据前文“We picked the best tmates in August, but nw”可知，前后构成转折关系，说明现在花园似乎已经被遗忘了。故选B项。
24．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲过去常常在每个季节结束时做这样的事情。A. selectin选择；B. attempt尝试；C. achievement成就；D. success成功。根据前文“squirted it free f its seeds and laid them ut t dry.”可知，作者公公过去常常做这样的尝试，现在作者的丈夫也这样做了。故选B项。
25．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：种子是确保番茄健康生长的一种方式，将保证一个成功的收获。A. estimating评估；B. emphasizing强调；C. ensuring确保；D. advising建议。根据后文“the healthiest tmat grwth”可知，种子是保证番茄健康生长的关键。故选C项。
26．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道为什么这么多年了，他还留着这些种子。A. flwers鲜花；B. gardens花园；C. meals膳食；D. seeds种子。根据前文“squirted it free f its seeds and laid them ut t dry.”可知，作者的丈夫一直留着这些种子。故选D项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲能活过圣诞节吗？春天他可能不在了，有人会在花园里种庄稼吗？A. miss错过；B. survive存活；C. expect期待；D. enjy喜欢。根据后文“Hw much time d we really have with him?”可知，作者担忧公公病情严重，无法熬过圣诞节。故选B项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲能活过圣诞节吗？春天他可能不在了，有人会在花园里种庄稼吗？A. prbably可能；B. frequently频繁地；C. particularly特别；D. fficially官方地。根据前文“Will anyne plant that garden in the spring”及后文“Hw much time d we really have with him?”可知，作者猜测如果公公不在了，他的花园会发生什么。故选A项。
29．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道答案，但我知道种子会带来什么。A. reasns原因；B. questins问题；C. answers回答；D. cnsequences后果。作者不知道这些问题的答案。故选C项。
30．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道答案，但我知道种子会带来什么。 A. apply应用；B. make制作；C. require要求；D. prmise预示。根据后文“There will be mre than just tmates. Anything that cmes frm them — any sauce, any meal, any memry”可知，作者知道种子意味着什么，预示着什么。故选D项。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何来自他们的东西——任何酱汁，任何一顿饭，任何记忆——都会永远被感激和珍惜。A. nticed注意到；B. appreciated感激，欣赏；C. recgnized识别；D. linked联系。根据前文“Anything that cmes frm them — any sauce, any meal, any memry”可知，种子带来的食物，蕴含的对公公的记忆和怀念将被永远感激和珍惜。故选B项。
32．答案：①entirely②Described③as④have been wrking/have wrked⑤inspiratin⑥remains⑦it⑧Althugh/Thugh/While⑨a⑩imprving
解析：①考查副词。句意：但美国哈佛大学的一组科学家已经成功制造出了一个完全软性的机器人——“章鱼机器人”。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语修饰之后的形容词“sft”，所给词为形容词entire，表示“完全的”。故填entirely。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：据《自然》科学杂志报道，“章鱼机器人”可能会为研发出比传统机器人更智能的搜索、救援和探索机器人铺平道路。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“culd pave”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“describe”和“the “Octbt””之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填Described。
③考查介词。句意：该研究的作者写道:“章鱼机器人是一个最小的系统，它可以作为新一代完全柔软的，自动机器人的基础。”serve as sth, 固定结构，意为“作为某物使用”。故填as。
④考查时态。句意：几十年来，研究人员一直致力于制造软机器人。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，根据时间状语“fr decades”可知，应是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have been wrking或have wrked。
⑤考查名词。句意：他们从大自然中获得灵感，研究动物，从水母到蟑螂，这些动物通常是由更灵活的物质构成的。分析句子结构可知，空处需填名词作宾语，inspiratin作名词，表示“灵感”，是不可数名词。故填inspiratin。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，创造一个完全柔软的机器人仍然是一个挑战。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，文章为一般现在时，主语为“creating a cmpletely sft rbt”，动名词作主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填remains。
⑦考查代词。句意：即使工程师们建造了一个硅树脂的身体，构建灵活版本的重要部分，如电源，仍然是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，所填空为句中主语位置，且句中真正主语为“t cnstruct flexible versins f essential parts”动词不定式结构，因此所填空应是it作形式主语。故填it。
⑧考查状语从句。句意：尽管软机器人技术仍处于早期阶段，它在很多方面都有很好的应用前景，比如搜救行动和探索。分析句意可知，可由althugh/thugh/while引导，表示“尽管，虽然”。故填Althugh或Thugh或While。
⑨考查冠词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“cmment”可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处泛指一个评论，故用不定冠词。故填a。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：微型生物机器人技术中心的芭芭拉·马佐莱在评论中写道：“软体机器人也可能为改善健康和生活质量开辟新的途径。”根据“ t”可知，空处需填动名词作介词宾语。故填imprving。
33．答案：1. Adaptatin 2. Revisin 3. assumptin 4. fancies 5. Equipped
解析：
1.考查名词。句意：他正在把自己最新的小说改编成电影。设空处应为名词作宾语，空前为a，设空处应为名词单数的形式，adaptatin“改编”合乎题意。故填adaptatin。
2. 考查名词。句意：如果你想掌握所学的知识，复习是必须的。设空处应用名词的形式作主语，空后为is，设空处应用名词单数的形式，revise“修正；修改”对应的名词revisin合乎题意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Revisin。
3.考查名词。句意：我的计划是建立在房价保持稳定的假设基础上的。设空处应用名词作介词的宾语，根据空后的同位语从句“that huse prices wuld remain steady.(房价将保持稳定)”可知，设空处应为名词单数的形式，assume“假设”对应的名词assumptin“假设”合乎题意。故填assumptin。
4.考查谓语动词。句意：由于对不同的文化感兴趣，这个女孩总是幻想周游全国。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语always，可知句子的时态为一般现在时，fancy“幻想”合乎题意，主语为the girl，结合主谓一致。故填fancies。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：这位教授知识渊博，不仅受到同学们的尊敬，也受到同事们的尊敬。equip“装备，配备”合乎题意，设空处在句中作非谓语动词，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Equipped。
34．答案： are being washed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多的森林被破坏，大量的好土地正在被冲走。根据时间状语nw可知，谓语动词应用现在进行时态，与主语huge quantities f gd earth之间为被动关系；“quantities f + n.”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are being washed。
35．答案：was given
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎。根据时间状语last week可知此处用一般过去时；根据句意可知应用被动语态，且as well as连接并列的主语时，谓语动词的数和其前面的主语保持一致。故填was given。
36．答案： fr
解析：考查介词。句意：在研究了大约600个临床病例后，这位科学家找到了治愈这种疾病的方法。固定搭配a cure fr，表示“……的治愈方法”。故填fr。
37．答案： which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：事实上，你在现场看到的电影是大量努力工作的产物，其中大部分发生在幕后。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a huge amunt f hard wrk，mst f+关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，which指代事物。故填which。
38．答案： what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆甚至下到大西洋底部，亲眼看看这艘巨轮还剩下什么。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，空处为引导词在从句中作主语，指代“剩下的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
39．答案： shuld be checked/be checked
解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：强烈建议这些机器每年检查一次。It is strngly recmmended that...是固定句型，意为“强烈建议……”，It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，从句中用（shuld+动词原形）的虚拟语气，shuld可省略，机器是被检查，空格处用shuld be dne，因此空格处是(shuld) be checked。故填(shuld) be checked。
40．答案：preference
解析：考查名词。句意：许多老年人表示更喜欢住在自己的家中。分析句子可知，strng后面要接名词用来修饰修饰它，所给提示词prefer要使用其名词形式，即preference。故填preference。
41．答案： as
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：他们看的电影和我们看的一样好。分析句子可知，设空处后面为定语从句，修饰先行词film，先行词在从句中作宾语，并且前面有s修饰，故填as。
42．答案： than
解析：考查介词。句意：无论你的答案是什么，它总是比你第一眼看到的要复杂。a lt修饰比较级，结合mre可知，空处需填介词than，将现在的情况与最初看到的情况进行对比。故填than。
43．答案： Flexibility
解析：考查名词。句意：灵活性训练，包括体操和太极，有助于伸展你的肌肉，提高你身体的活动范围。根据句意可知，体操和太极等属于灵活性训练，故空处需填名词作定语，Flexibility作名词，表示“灵活性”，符合句意。故填Flexibility。
44．答案： attaching imprtance t
解析：考查动词短语。句意：通过重视效率的方式，老师可以帮助学生提高成绩。根据汉语提示及“f”可知，空处需填动名词作宾语，短语attach imprtance t sth表示“非常重视某物”，符合句意。故填attaching imprtance t。
45．答案： hang ver
解析：考查固定短语。句意：失败的可能性笼罩着整个团队，使得他们今天没有心情做任何事情。根据汉语提示“使忧心忡忡”可知短语为hang ver，此处为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故填hang ver。
46．答案： are typical f
解析：考查动词时态和短语。句意：实际上，他们都具备典型美国演员的品质和美德。本句是that引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，根据所给中文提示词，此处是固定搭配：be typical f以为“典型的”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语that代指qualities and virtues为复数。故填are typical f。
47．答案： ended up
解析：考查动词短语和时态。句意：他过来喝咖啡，最后我们一起吃了顿饭。分析句子结构可知，后句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，应用动词短语end up，根据前文的came可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填ended up。
48．答案： lived up t my expectatins.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：汤姆·汉克斯主演的这部电影当然没有辜负我的期望。根据所给中文提示词，应该使用固定短语搭配：live up t意为“不辜负”，根据句意，是过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，空前已有has，所以应填过去分词形式，“我的期望”译为“my expectatins”。故填lived up t my expectatins。
49．答案： is reduced t begging
解析：考查动词时态和动词短语。句意：他在生意上取得了巨大的成就，但不知怎么的，他现在只能靠乞讨谋生了。分析句子结构可知，后句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，可用动词短语：be reduced t意为“沦落为”，结合语境和nw可知此处陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时；“乞讨”，为动词beg，位于介词后，应用动名词形式。故填：is reduced t begging。
50．答案： d justice t
解析：考查动词短语。句意：这个村庄真的很美，但这张照片并不符合它的景色（即没有把村庄的美恰当地表现）。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语d justice t“公平评判，公平对待”。该动词短语在句中作谓语。根据空前的desn’t可知，空处的动词用原形。故填d justice t。
51．答案： spare a thught
解析：考查短语、句意：希望下次你去电影院的时候，能多想想那些幕后的天才们。spare a thught想一想。will后接动词原形。根据汉语提示及句意，故填spare a thught。
52．答案： exercise yur way
解析：考查动词短语。句意：锻炼可以改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着你可以通过锻炼来提高在学校的表现！空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是exercise ne’s way意为“通过锻炼”，情态动词culd后用动词原形。故填exercise yur way。
53．答案： make up fr
解析：考查固定短语。句意：记得在整个运动过程中喝水，以补充因出汗而流失的水分。根据汉语提示“弥补”，可知此处填短语make up fr，空前t是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填make up fr。
54．答案： Dear fellw students,
I’m Li Hua, president f the Students’ Unin. I’m here t raise awareness abut teen mental health.
Pressure frm schl, family, and friends can be crushing. Mre and mre ften, we see a rise in the number f students facing emtinal and psychlgical challenges.
We need t take actin nw. First, we must break the silence arund this issue. It’s time t remve prejudice against mental health and nrmalize its discussin. Secnd, let’s create a psitive envirnment that encurages penness, self-care, and healthy cping. N mre bystanders, we must be agents f change. Our future depends n it. Thank yu!
The Students’ Unin
Nvember 17th , 2023
解析：1.词汇积累
压力：pressure → stress
毁坏性的：crushing → destructive
增加：rise → increase
问题 ：issue → prblem/matter
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Mre and mre ften, we see a rise in the number f students facing emtinal and psychlgical challenges.
拓展句：Mre and mre ften, we see a rise in the number f students wh face emtinal and psychlgical challenges.
[高分句型1]I’m Li Hua, president f the Students’ Unin. (运用了名词词组作同位语)
[高分句型2] Secnd, let’s create a psitive envirnment that encurages penness, self-care, and healthy cping.(运用了that引导限制性定语从句)
lack fancy regard equip revise adapt assume