1.4 单元综合测试 - 高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版必修第三册）

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Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 单元综合测试（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2021·江西·南昌县莲塘第三中学高一阶段练习）Would you like to do something to help make our city a better place to live in? Why not take part in “Clean & Green weekend”? Join us, and you can make new friends and help protect the environment at the same time. Park LifeDo you like playing and relaxing in the park with your friends? If so, why not take the chance to come with us and tidy up the park when you go? To add some fun, there is a gift for the person who collects the most rubbish! Meet us at the south entrance to Taohe Park at 9 a. m. next Saturday if you want to join in. The Air You BreatheA great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees! It is a fact that trees slowly filter (过滤) a lot of pollutants (污染物) from the air. So come and help us plant some new ones in Fenhe Park at 2 p. m. next Sunday. War on Graffiti (涂鸦)Some people think graffiti is cool. Well, it is not! The best way to stop buildings from becoming totally covered in ugly graffiti is to fix it as soon as possible. And that is exactly what we are going to do. We are repainting the school walls from 1 p. m. on Saturday. You don’t have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes!1．The main purpose of “Clean & Green Weekend” is to ________.A．make our city more beautiful B．offer the chance to have funC．help students meet old friends D．have a nice weekend2．How can we make the air we breathe cleaner?A．By tidying the park. B．By planting trees.C．By repainting the school walls. D．By protecting the environment.3．If we’re going to repaint the school walls, we need to ________.A．draw pictures well B．bring some tools with usC．wear some old clothes D．wear some new clothesB（2022·河南·高一阶段练习）It will soon be possible to reduce common indoor air pollution using just a curtain. A mineral-based surface treatment enables this new curtain from IKEA to break down air pollutants when exposed to light. Air pollution is a global problem. According to WHO, around 90% of people worldwide breathe polluted air. It causes eight million deaths per year.The Swedish furniture company hopes to reduce this number by producing an air-purifying (净化空气) curtain. It can increase people’s awareness of indoor air pollution. It can also change some people's bad habits and bring clean air to the world. The technology will be applied to other textiles (纺织品).The curtain uses a technology that has been developed by IKEA suppliers over the last few years. The process, similarly to photosynthesis (光合作用), is activated by both outdoor and indoor light. It's important to work on products that solve actual problems. Textiles are used across homes. By enabling a curtain to purify the air, they are creating an affordable and space-saving air purifying solution. Meanwhile, the home will become more beautiful.For many years, IKEA has been reducing air pollution. They avoid using chemicals that release air. Last year, IKEA launched a campaign, aiming to turn rice straw—a rice harvesting remains that is traditionally burned and contributes heavily to air pollution—into a new renewable material source.IKEA has also promised to become climate positive by 2030, reducing our overall climate footprint by 70% on average per product. The company has recently been praised for making their products made from renewable or recycled materials. In fact, IKEA has been working on positive change. It is their dream to enable people to live healthier lives.4．What's special about the new curtain from IKEA?A．It can purify air. B．It can beautify the home.C．It can block polluted air out. D．It can carry on the photosynthesis.5．What can we infer about IKEA from the text?A．It is a high-tech textile company. B．It is a high-tech costume company.C．It focuses on environmental protection. D．It is an international environmental group.6．Why has IKEA been praised recently?A．Because of its economical materials. B．Because of its environmental production.C．Because it has made people live healthier. D．Because it has developed a high-tech product.7．What is the text mainly about?A．A global problem. B．A new explanation of photosynthesis.C．An environmental company. D．An air-purifying curtain.C（2022·山西太原·高一阶段练习）It was a perfect summer morning on the beach in Rio De Janeiro. A man set up his umbrellas and chair near the water and was ready to read his book. Just then, when he looked toward the sea, he noticed a small shape that came out of the water. It slowly made its way out onto the sand and began to flap its wings. It was obviously feeble and tired.When the creature was just a few feet away, the man couldn't believe his eyes. A penguin? Penguins don't belong to Rio. The mans was amazed. He looked around to see if there was anyone else this strange sight. A jogger soon appeared, followed by another. They stopped and stared. It was clear that the penguin was having trouble breathing. The first jogger looked at the sea and said, “Poor fellow, so far away form home.”The penguin fell to its side. It had swum 2, 000 miles, trying to find the tiny fish that penguins like to eat. Why did the penguin need to travel so far? Perhaps it was confused by moving ocean currents and temperatures—common effects of global warming. The penguin needed help. It would not survive on the hot sand.One of the joggers phone for help, and soon some firemen arrived. The man was relieved that the penguin would soon be safe, although he felt a little sad, too.The event on the beach at Rio happened some time ago. It was only the beginning of penguin migration to Brazil. Since that time, hundreds of penguins have appeared on the coasts of Brazil. They come all the way from Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan, southern parts of South America. They land on the sands very tired and starving, and many of them die. Some are shipped or flown back to colder waters farther south. Perhaps the experience of the penguins will help us better understand the serious effect of human activity on climate change and on the condition of our planet.8．What does the underlined word “feeble” in the first paragraph probably mean?A．Heavy. B．Excited. C．Dirty. D．Weak.9．Why did the man think it strange to see a penguin?A．Penguins there had already died out. B．Penguins do not live in Brazil.C．The penguin was no afraid of him. D．The penguin was moving very fast.10．What probably caused the penguin to land on the beach of Rio?A．Changes in ocean currents and temperatures. B．Pollution in South America.C．Energy from the sun. D．Sea ice decreasing.11．What is the best title for the text?A．Beaches in Brazil. B．A Penguin's Life.C．The Penguin of Brazil. D．Effects of Global Warming.D（2022·山西·稷山县稷山中学高一阶段练习）When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan said. As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on the back — because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1.5 miles to school.But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old boy came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1.5miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼) after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said.He recalled one day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s raining out there today,” he told Simon. And Simon said, “Well then we’re going to get wet!” He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a fun family routine.Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.12．What can we infer about Simon when he was in the second grade from the first paragraph?A．He was unwilling to take the stairs.B．He often helped his family wash clothes.C．He cared about taking care of the environment.D．He was more intelligent than most of his schoolmates.13．How did Simon usually go to school in first grade?A．His father carried him on the bike. B．His father drove him there.C．He went to school by running. D．He took the school bus there.14．How can we describe Simon according to the fourth paragraph?A．He was so hesitant. B．He was quite impatient.C．He was very stubborn. D．He was rather determined.15．What can we know about Simon’s family?A．They leave their black dog at home when they run.B．Simon’s mother was persuaded to run by her husband.C．Simon’s mother participates in the run influenced by him.D．They run to Simon’s school only in order to build their bodies.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（2022·河北邢台·高一阶段练习）Benefits of Reading to a DogHere are five great reasons why your kid should read to a dog.Dogs create a stress-free environmentIt's hard to be really stressed(焦虑) around a cozy, friendly dog. Classrooms can be tense for kids who aren't great readers or presenters. ___16___Your kid won't even know she's building her vocabulary___17___Without even knowing it, she'll be building her vocabulary, becoming more interested in books and improving her oral skills. Kids may also become more active to read aloud in other settings, as they get better at reading out loud to a dog.A confidence-booster(增幅器)Dogs are nonjudgmental. Kids will feel less self-conscious about reading aloud to them rather than, say, a judgmental human being.___18___ .Thus they will be less afraid to read aloud in class.Dogs like what your kid likesWanna talk about video games? Woof! Mermaids? Woof! A favourite cartoon? Woof! Dogs are interested in whatever your kid is interested in.___19___ They're not going to roll their eyes when your kid reads the Pokemon Go manual to them for the hundredth time. In fact, they'll just woof for more.Petting a dog reduces stress and can even improve movement skillsJust grooming(梳毛)can help to improve a child's movement skills.___20___Petting or hugging a dog also provides valuable breaks in reading, which gives children a chance to process what they've just read.A．It's also been proven to reduce anxietyB．They'll listen for hours and never get boredC．Reading to a dog makes the whole situation less stressfulD．Keeping a dog as a pet also improve a child's confidenceE．As kids read to a dog, they feel as if they're in a formal environment.F．Kids who read out loud to dogs become more confident in their reading skillsG．Reading to a friendly dog is a great way for your child to practice her pronunciation第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（2022·江西·新余市第一中学高一阶段练习）On a small island called Middle island near the Victorian coastal town of Warrnambool, sheep dogs are hard-working in protecting little penguins (企鹅).Middle Island had been home to thousands of penguins. However, it became a ___21___ place for little penguins with their number having halved by the late 90’s, and by 2005 there were only four penguins ___22___ .At low tide (潮水), Middle Island becomes ___23___ to an alien species, the European red fox, with terrible ___24___ . The foxes did great damage to the island. So, Allan Marsh, a local chicken farmer, suggested that sheep dogs should be used to ___25___ the penguins.“The whole idea was carrying out a farming practice—having dogs protect your farm animals, and then ___26___ them to the island where the penguins lived, the place that was being constantly ___27___ by foxes,” Marsh said. In fact, sheep dogs have been protecting animals for centuries. Sheep dogs live with them, and work as their ___28___.The Warrnambool City Council ___29___ the idea and Marsh stayed on the island with his sheep dog, Oddball, for the first week during the month-long ___30___ . “It did what I hoped it would do ___31___,” said Marsh. “The ___32___ of the dogs kept foxes from reaching the island.” The project has been ___33___ ever since and the penguin population on the island starts to climb. Now about 180 little penguins are returning to Middle Island.“When the dogs have been on the island, there have been no ___34___ on the island. So we know the dogs make a big difference. It’s ___35___ ,” says Trish Corbett, a member of the Middle Island Penguin Project.21．A．poisonous B．comfortable C．dangerous D．healthy22．A．left B．fed C．killed D．forgotten23．A．strange B．reachable C．lonely D．impossible24．A．diseases B．effects C．attitudes D．appearances25．A．count B．find C．encourage D．protect26．A．sending B．selling C．inviting D．cheating27．A．attacked B．recognized C．helped D．invited28．A．owners B．friends C．guards D．partners29．A．changed B．accepted C．forgot D．brought30．A．rescue B．holiday C．trial D．judgment31．A．exactly B．differently C．quickly D．usually32．A．habit B．shadow C．wildness D．arrival33．A．throwing B．running C．changing D．showing34．A．birds B．wolves C．foxes D．hunters35．A．familiar B．traditional C．frightening D．fantastic第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）（2022·江苏省阜宁中学高一阶段练习）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientists from Utah recently studied 25 vervet monkeys on a nature preserve in South Africa to see how they responded to fire. Countless living things, including humans, have relied on fire throughout history. ____36____ how early humans behaved around fire, and when they started to control it for their own use, remains a mystery. The team hoped the monkeys could provide clues.Vervet monkeys communicate using a variety of calls. These different calls help the monkeys protect themselves from predators (食肉动物). For example, ____37____ spotting a snake, the monkeys make one type of call and scan the bush. When a leopard, they make a different call and climb into the tree.The scientists spent more than 100 hours over six months watching the monkeys. During that time, workers at the preserve lit small fires to help the ecosystem. ____38____ (burn) trees and grass enrich the soil, thus ____39____ (help) new plants and trees grow. The scientists observed how the monkeys behaved before, ____40____, and after the fires.While the fires burned, the monkeys stayed calm and ____41____ (simple) relocated if the flames got too close. Once the fires were out, the monkeys seemed to feel ____42____ (safe) and had fewer reactions to predators in the areas ____43____ had burned. They explored places they had never been to before they were now burned. The team concluded that the fires ____44____ (clear) out tall grasses that once hidden predators. After the fires, fewer predators approached these open areas, and the monkeys could easily spot any that tried to come close. This study brings experts _____45_____ step closer to understanding how early humans learned to use fire.第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．（2022·广东中山·高一期末）假定你班下周将举办主题为“Protect the wildlife”的英文主题班会，请你用英文拟写一份发言稿。内容包括：1．野生动物的现状；2．保护野生动物的意义；3．你的建议。注意：1．写作词数应为100左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hello, everyone! I'd like to share my views on protecting the wildlife.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．（2022·辽宁·沈阳市第八十三中学高一开学考试）Last year, my oldest son Matthew went off to college. Things at home were not as “busy” as they used to be. We still had our 15-year-old son Gabriel with us, but we missed having Matthew around.My wife soon had a crazy idea. “Let’s get a dog,” she suggested. I wasn’t exactly thrilled with the idea, but I agreed. I mean, what better way to replace a kid that has gone off to college than to get a dog.When we got to the animal shelter, it seemed like every dog was a pit bull (比特犬). I’d had many bad experiences with pit bulls as a child, so I didn’t want to take one of them home with me.While I walked along the rows and rows of cold metal cages, a dog caught my eye. He was scared, and looked like he’d given up on life. There was only one problem: he was a pit bull.As he looked at me with his big, beautiful eyes, I could see into his soul. I could see how scared he was and that he just wanted a happy life. I couldn’t just walk away—I had to at least go over and look at him. I approached his cage, and he just sat there, looking at me. I stuck my finger through the hole in the cage and petted him on the head.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。I expected him to get mad, but he didn’t. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Our lives have been changed since we took the dog home. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．A2．B3．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一个保护城市环境及帮助城市变得更好的活动——Clean & Green weekend。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Would you like to do something to help make our city a better place to live in? Why not take part in “Clean & Green weekend”? (您想做些什么来帮助我们的城市成为一个更好的居住地吗？为什么不参加“清洁与绿色周末”？)”可知，Clean & Green weekend的目的是帮助城市变得更好，更干净，更漂亮。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据The Air You Breathe部分“A great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees! (使我们呼吸的空气更清洁的一个好方法是种植大量的树木！)”可知，种树可以使我们呼吸的空气更加清洁。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据War on Graffiti部分“We are repainting the school walls from 1 p. m. on Saturday. You don’t have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes! (我们将在周六从下午1点开始，重新粉刷学校的墙壁。你不必带任何工具，只要记得穿一些旧衣服！)”可知，如果我们要重新粉刷学校的墙壁，我们需要穿一些旧衣服。故选C。4．A5．C6．B7．D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能净化空气的窗帘产品，介绍了其工作原理以及其供应商宜家在环保方面做出的努力。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It will soon be possible to reduce common indoor air pollution using just a curtain. A mineral-based surface treatment enables this new curtain from IKEA to break down air pollutants when exposed to light.(用一个窗帘就可以减少常见的室内空气污染。这种来自宜家的新窗帘采用了矿物表面处理技术，可以在光照下分解空气污染物)”可知，宜家家居新品窗帘的特别之处在于它可以净化空气。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For many years, IKEA has been reducing air pollution. They avoid using chemicals that release air. Last year, IKEA launched a campaign, aiming to turn rice straw—a rice harvesting remains that is traditionally burned and contributes heavily to air pollution—into a new renewable material source.(多年来，宜家一直在减少空气污染。他们避免使用释放空气的化学物质。去年，宜家发起了一项活动，旨在将稻秸——传统上燃烧的稻秸会造成严重的空气污染——转化为一种新的可再生材料来源)”以及最后一段中“The company has recently been praised for making their products made from renewable or recycled materials.(该公司最近因其产品由可再生或回收材料制成而受到赞扬)”可推知，瑞典的宜家家居公司非常注重环保。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The company has recently been praised for making their products made from renewable or recycled materials.(该公司最近因其产品由可再生或回收材料制成而受到赞扬)”可知，宜家家居是因为它的环保性生产而受到表扬。故选B。7．主旨大意题。第一段中“It will soon be possible to reduce common indoor air pollution using just a curtain. A mineral-based surface treatment enables this new curtain from IKEA to break down air pollutants when exposed to light.(用一个窗帘就可以减少常见的室内空气污染。这种来自宜家的新窗帘采用了矿物表面处理技术，可以在光照下分解空气污染物)”结合文章主要介绍了一种能净化空气的窗帘产品，介绍了其工作原理以及其供应商宜家在环保方面做出的努力。由此可知，文章主要讲的是空气净化窗帘。故选D。8．D9．B10．A11．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了有人在巴西的海滩上发现了企鹅，非常吃惊。这主要是洋流和温度变化引起的，最终在人类的帮助下企鹅得救了。8．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“It slowly made its way out onto the sand and began to flap its wings. (它慢慢地爬到沙滩上，开始拍打翅膀)”以及画线词后文“and tired”可知，企鹅拍打翅膀，看起来又虚弱又疲倦，故画线词意思是“虚弱的”，A. Heavy.沉重的；B. Excited.激动的；C. Dirty.脏的；D. Weak.虚弱的。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the creature was just a few feet away, the man couldn't believe his eyes. A penguin? Penguins don't belong to Rio.(当怪物离他只有几英尺远时，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。一只企鹅吗？企鹅不属于里约热内卢)”可知，男人觉得看到企鹅很奇怪是因为巴西没有企鹅。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Why did the penguin need to travel so far? Perhaps it was confused by moving ocean currents and temperatures—common effects of global warming.(企鹅为什么要走那么远？也许它被移动的洋流和温度弄糊涂了——这是全球变暖的共同影响)”可知，可能是洋流和温度的变化导致企鹅降落在里约热内卢的海滩上。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“The event on the beach at Rio happened some time ago. It was only the beginning of penguin migration to Brazil. Since that time, hundreds of penguins have appeared on the coasts of Brazil.(里约热内卢海滩上的事件发生在不久前。这只是企鹅向巴西迁徙的开始。 从那时起，数百只企鹅出现在巴西海岸)”以及最后一段“Perhaps the experience of the penguins will help us better understand the serious effect of human activity on climate change and on the condition of our planet.(也许企鹅的经历将帮助我们更好地理解人类活动对气候变化和地球状况的严重影响)”结合文章主要讲述了有人在巴西的海滩上发现了企鹅，非常吃惊。这主要是洋流和温度变化引起的，最终在人类的帮助下企鹅得救了。可知，C选项“巴西的企鹅”最符合文章标题。故选C。12．C13．A14．D15．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位八岁的男孩 Simon Cane为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑去上学。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart...(当Simon Cane上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上所学的内容牢记在心……)”以及“So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other ‘green’ measures.(所以，Simon 说服他的父母把衣服挂起来晾干，不坐电梯而走楼梯，以及采取其他“绿色”措施)”可知，当Simon Cane上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，把那些课堂上所学的内容铭记于心，并且采取“绿色”措施保护环境。由此可知，他对保护环境很关心。故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,’ Jonathan said.(“在幼儿园和一年级的大部分时间里，我都骑着自行车去Simon 的学校，让他在我的背上，”Jonathan说)”可知，Simon一年级时通常是他的爸爸骑自行车带他去上学。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段““We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼) after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said.(“说实话，我以为天冷了或下雨了他就会犹豫一下，但他从来没有，”Jonathan说。)”可知，Simon对于保护环境很坚定。故选D项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.(从一开始，Simon就和他的爸爸和他们的黑狗Lola一起跑步，甚至激励他的妈妈Nicole Sin Quee加入。他们很快就被称为“跑步去学校的家庭”)”可知，Simon的母亲在他的影响下参加了跑步。故选C项。16．C17．G18．F19．B20．A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者建议不爱读书或者没有自信的孩子对着狗读书，并说明这样做的好处。16．根据该段落小标题“Dogs create a stress-free environment”（狗能创造一个无压力的环境）及前文“It's hard to be really stressed(焦虑) around a cozy, friendly dog.”（在一只舒适友好的狗身边，你很难感到有压力。）可知，该段主要在说明狗能够给人创造一个无压力的环境。C项“Reading to a dog makes the whole situation less stressful”（给狗读书可以减少压力）符合语境。故选C。17．根据该段落小标题“Your kid won't even know she's building her vocabulary”（你的孩子甚至不知道她在积累词汇量）以及后文“Without even knowing it, she'll be building her vocabulary, becoming more interested in books and improving her oral skills.”（在不知情的情况下，她会增加词汇量，对书籍更感兴趣，提高口语技能。）可知，空处可能讲述对着狗狗朗读对孩子练习口语的具体益处。G项“Reading to a friendly dog is a great way for your child to practice her pronunciation”（给一只友好的狗朗读是孩子练习发音的好方法）符合语境。故选G。18．根据该段落小标题“A confidence-booster”（自信增幅器）以及后文“Thus they will be less afraid to read aloud in class.”（这样他们就不会那么害怕在课堂上大声朗读了。）可知，该段主要在说明对着狗狗阅读能够提升孩子的自信。F项“Kids who read out loud to dogs become more confident in their reading skills”（对着狗大声朗读的孩子会对自己的阅读技能更有信心）符合语境。故选F。19．根据该段落小标题“Dogs like what your kid likes”（狗喜欢你孩子喜欢的东西）以及前文“Dogs are interested in whatever your kid is interested in.”（狗对你孩子感兴趣的东西感兴趣。）可知，孩子和狗狗的相处中通过一起做孩子喜欢的事情建立情感连接，所以他们在一起很久也不会感到无聊。B项“They'll listen for hours and never get bored”（他们会听上几个小时，从来不会觉得无聊）符合语境。故选B。20．根据该段落小标题“Petting a dog reduces stress and can even improve movement skills”（抚摸狗狗可以减轻压力，甚至可以提高运动技能），可知该段主要在说对着狗狗阅读能够减轻焦虑并且提升运动能力。A项“It's also been proven to reduce anxiety”（它也被证明可以减少焦虑）符合语境。故选A。21．C22．A23．B24．B25．D26．A27．A28．C29．B30．C31．A32．D33．B34．C35．D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了人们在一个名为“中岛”的地方派去牧羊犬，守护岛上企鹅不被狐狸攻击的事情。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于小企鹅来说，它变成了一个危险的地方，它们的数量在90年代末减少了一半，到2005年，只剩下4只企鹅了。A. poisonous有毒的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. dangerous危险的；D. healthy健康的。根据后文“with their number having halved by the late 90’s, and by 2005 there were only four penguins”和“The foxes did great damage to the island.”可知，这个地方的企鹅数量由于狐狸的攻击急剧减少了，所以是危险的地方。故选C。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于小企鹅来说，它变成了一个危险的地方，它们的数量在90年代末减少了一半，到2005年，只剩下4只企鹅了。A. left留下；B. fed喂养；C. killed杀死；D. forgotten忘记。根据上文“with their number having halved by the late 90’s, and by 2005 there were only four penguins”可知，企鹅的数量在90年代末减少了一半，到2005年，只剩下4只企鹅了。故选A。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：退潮时，一种外来物种——欧洲红狐可以到达中岛，并带来可怕的后果。A. strange奇怪的；B. reachable可到达的；C. lonely寂寞的；D. impossible不可能的。根据后文“The foxes did great damage to the island.”和“the dogs kept foxes from reaching the island”可知退潮时，红狐可以到达这个岛屿。故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：退潮时，一种外来物种——欧洲红狐可以到达中岛，并带来可怕的后果。A. diseases疾病；B. effects影响，后果；C. attitudes态度；D. appearances外表。根据后文“The foxes did great damage to the island.”可知狐狸给这个岛带来了可怕的后果。故选B。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当地养鸡场主艾伦·马什建议应该用牧羊犬来保护企鹅。A. count计算；B. find找到；C. encourage鼓励；D. protect保护。呼应第一段中“sheep dogs are hard-working in protecting little penguins”指牧羊犬保护企鹅。故选D。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马什说：“整个想法是开展一项农业实践——让牧羊犬来保护农场动物，然后把它们送到企鹅生活的岛屿上，那里经常受到狐狸的攻击。”A. sending派遣；B. selling出售；C. inviting邀请；D. cheating欺骗。根据上文“让牧羊犬保护企鹅”和后文“them to the island where the penguins lived”可知，此处指把牧羊犬送到企鹅生活的岛屿上，去保护企鹅。故选A。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马什说：“整个想法是开展一项农业实践——让牧羊犬来保护农场动物，然后把它们送到企鹅生活的岛屿上，那里经常受到狐狸的攻击。”A. attacked攻击；B. recognized识别；C. helped帮助；D. invited邀请。根据上文“The foxes did great damage to the island.”可知狐狸经常攻击那座岛。故选A。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：牧羊犬与它们生活在一起，充当它们的守卫。A. owners所有者；B. friends朋友；C. guards守卫；D. partners伙伴。根据上文“sheep dogs are hard-working in protecting little penguins ”和“In fact, sheep dogs have been protecting animals for centuries.”可知，几个世纪以来，牧羊犬一直在保护动物，现在保护企鹅，充当动物（如企鹅）的守卫。故选C。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦南布尔市议会接受了这个主意，在为期一个月的试验期间，马什和他的牧羊犬Oddball呆在岛上的第一周。A. changed改变；B. accepted接受；C. forgot忘记；D. brought带来。根据后文“for the first week during the month-long”展开了试验，可知市议会接受了这个主意。故选B。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦南布尔市议会接受了这个主意，在为期一个月的试验期间，马什和他的牧羊犬Oddball呆在岛上的第一周。A. rescue救援；B. holiday假日；C. trial试验，审判；D. judgment判断。此处呼应上文中“The whole idea was carrying out a farming practice”指展开牧羊犬保护企鹅的试验，故选C。31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“它完全做到了我所希望的，”马什说。A. exactly恰好地，完全；B. differently不同地；C. quickly快速地；D. usually通常。根据后文“the dogs kept foxes from reaching the island”可知牧羊犬完全做到了马什所希望的事情——阻止狐狸上岛。故选A。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：牧羊犬的到来使狐狸无法到达岛上。A. habit习惯；B. shadow阴影；C. wildness野蛮；D. arrival到达。呼应上文中“them to the island where the penguins lived”指牧羊犬来到了岛上。故选D。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，这个项目就一直在进行，岛上的企鹅数量开始攀升。A. throwing扔；B. running奔跑，进行；C. changing改变；D. showing展示。根据后文“ever since and the penguin population on the island starts to climb. Now about 180 little penguins are returning to Middle Island.”可知项目一直在进行，所以岛上企鹅的数量在上升。故选B。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当牧羊犬在岛上时，岛上就没有狐狸了。A. birds鸟；B. wolves狼；C. foxes狐狸；D. hunters猎人。结合上文“the dogs kept foxes from reaching the island”可知，当牧羊犬在岛上时，岛上就没有狐狸了。故选C。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太棒了。A. familiar熟悉的；B. traditional传统的；C. frightening可怕的；D. fantastic极好的。根据上文“So we know the dogs make a big difference.”可知，牧羊犬发挥了作用，帮助了企鹅，这符合人们的期望，所以是太棒了。故选D。36．But37．when##on##upon38．Burned39．helping40．during41．simply42．safer43．that##which44．had cleared45．a【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。来自犹他州的科学家最近在南非的一个自然保护区研究了25只长尾猴，看看它们是如何应对火灾的。文章介绍了研究过程以及研究的意义。36．考查连词。句意：但是，早期人类是如何在火周围表现的，以及他们何时开始为自己使用而控制火，仍然是一个谜。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。37．考查状语从句或固定句型。句意：例如，当发现一条蛇时，猴子会发出一种叫声，然后扫视灌木丛/猴子一发现蛇，就发出一种叫声，然后扫视灌木丛。此处可理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when；或理解为句型on/upon doing sth.，表示“一……就……”。故填when/on/upon。38．考查形容词。句意：烧焦的树木和草能使土壤肥沃，从而帮助新的植物和树木生长。修饰名词trees and grass应用形容词burned，作定语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Burned。39．考查非谓语动词。句意：烧焦的树木和草能使土壤肥沃，从而帮助新的植物和树木生长。表示“从而……”短语为thus doing sth.，故填helping。40．考查介词。句意：科学家们观察了这些猴子在火灾前、期间和之后的行为。结合句意此处表示“在火灾期间”应用介词during，后跟名词作宾语。故填during。41．考查副词。句意：当大火燃烧时，猴子们保持冷静，如果火焰太近，它们会简单地转移位置。修饰动词relocate应用副词simply，作状语。故填simply。42．考查比较级。句意：一旦火灾被扑灭，猴子们似乎感觉更安全了，在被烧毁的区域，它们对捕食者的反应也更少了。结合句意表示“更安全”应用safe的比较级形式。故填safer。43．考查定语从句。句意：一旦火灾被扑灭，猴子们似乎感觉更安全了，在被烧毁的区域，它们对捕食者的反应也更少了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。44．考查时态。句意：研究小组的结论是，大火清除了曾经隐藏着捕食者的高草。结合语境，“清除”发生在“得出结论”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had cleared。45．考查冠词。句意：这项研究让专家们更接近于了解早期人类如何学会使用火。step为可数名词，根据句意表示“更近一步”短语为bring a step closer。故填a。46．One possible version:Hello everyone! I'd like to share my views on protecting the wildlife.As we all know, many wild animals are endangered. Reasons are as follows. First of all, they are being hunted illegally to make profits, leading to their population dropping sharply. Besides, their habitats are becoming smaller as a result of human development.Actually, living on the planet, all of us are responsible for protecting wild animals. That's because saving animals is saving ourselves. Therefore, some measures should be taken. For example, more nature reserves should be set up to keep them safe and more laws should be made. Only when these measures work can the planet be a better place to live in.That's all, thank you!【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为“Protect the wildlife”的英文主题班会写一份发言稿。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：First of all→Firstly此外：Besides → What’s more因此：Therefore→Hence例如：For example→For instance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：First of all, they are being hunted illegally to make profits, leading to their population dropping sharply.拓展句：First of all, they are being hunted illegally to make profits, which leads to their population dropping sharply.【点睛】[高分句型1]As we all know, many wild animals are endangered. （运用了as引导的状语从句）[高分句型2]Only when these measures work can the planet be a better place to live in.（运用了only位于句首的部分倒装句式）47．        I expected him to get mad, but he didn’t. I knew that this dog had never felt love before, and that he was enjoying every bit of the love I could give him in that moment. Tears began to stream down my face because I felt everything that this poor creature was feeling right then. He just wanted to be loved; he just wanted a home and a family.Our lives have been changed since we took the dog home. Now, his favorite thing to do is give us kisses with his giant tongue every morning. He is always there to greet us when we come home with a huge smile. He’s shown us more love than any other living creature on Earth ever had before. And every time I look into his eyes I see love, compassion and gratitude — things I never thought that a pit bull was capable of feeling.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的大儿子马修离开家上大学后，作者很孤独，所以便打算养一只狗，由于作者小时候与比特犬有过不好的经历但有一只比特犬吸引了作者并将它带回家收养的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我以为他会生气，但他没有。”可知，第一段可描写作者因此动容想收养它。②由第二段首句内容“自从我们把狗带回家后，我们的生活发生了改变。”可知，第二段可描写作者感受到了狗狗的爱意。2.续写线索：孤独——动容——收养——爱意——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①知道：know/realize/be aware of②回家：come home/return home情绪类①可怜的：poor/ pitiful②感激：gratitude / appreciation/ thankfulness【点睛】[高分句型1]. I knew that this dog had never felt love before, and that he was enjoying every bit of the love I could give him in that moment. (运用了宾语从句和省略关系代词的定语从句)[高分句型2]. Tears began to stream down my face because I felt everything that this poor creature was feeling right then. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)