高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第三册Grammar and usage学案设计

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动词不定式作定语和结果状语
知识精讲
概 念
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语一般不止一个词，通常都是动词不定式短语。因此，作定语的动词不定式放在名词或代词的后面，起修饰和限制作用。如：
Huse prices are t high, s I have n rm t live in. I have t hire a rm.
He shwed me the way t d the jb.
Tday is Sunday. I have nthing t d.
放在名词或代词后面作定语的不定式和名词或代词常构成以下关系：
1．名词为不定式的逻辑主语。
His father was the right persn t find the missing by.
他父亲就是那个找到失踪男孩的人。
注意：当中心词为序数词，最高级，the last，the nly等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
She is hard­wrking and is always the first ne t cme every day.
她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来的。
He is the nly persn t knw the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2．名词为不定式的逻辑宾语。
Attentin，please.I have smething imprtant t say.
请注意，我有重要的事情要说。
Every day he made ne f the smaller animals bring him smething t eat.
他每天叫一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。
注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，需加介词才能与名词构成动宾关系。
Give me a piece f paper t write n.
给我一张纸写字。
She has a child t take care f.
她有一个孩子要照顾。
3．名词与不定式是同位语关系。
Wh has the ability t d the wrk?
谁有能力做这个工作？
He is nt the kind f man t d such things.
他不是可能做这种事的人。
4．动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。
The huse t be built next year will be fr the hmeless.
明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。
The subject t be discussed tmrrw is abut eductin.
明天要讨论的主题是关于教育的。
二、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构：
1．s＋形容词/副词＋as t d如此……以至于……
He studied s hard as t pass the last exam.
他如此努力学习以致于通过了上次的考试。
2．such＋形容词＋名词＋as t d如此……以至于……
He is nt such a fl as t d that.
他还没有蠢到做那种事。
3．enugh t d...足够……
The by was experienced enugh t deal with such a persn.
对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。
He walked fast enugh t keep up with his cach.
他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。
4．t＋形容词/副词＋t d太……而不能……
The ld wman was t weak t carry the heavy bx.
这个老太太太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。
The Califrnian ship arrived t late t save mre peple.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
5．在never t...结构中
His sn left hme n a cld mrning，never t return.
他儿子在一个寒冷的早上离开了家，再也没有回来。
注意：
(1)不定式短语表示结果时，常与nly连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
He hurried t the statin，nly t find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车开走了。
(2)现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。
His parents died early，leaving him an rphan.
他父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
一、单项选择
1．Gerge returned after the war, nly _____ that his wife had left him.
A．findingB．t findC．being fundD．t have fund
2．He hurried t the statin, ________ the 9:30 train had already left.
A．nly t findB．fundC．t findD．finding
3．Mike and his friend went t the stadium in a hurry, nly ______ the news that the match had already been put ff.
A．being infrmedB．infrmed fC．t be infrmedD．t be infrmed f
4．He hurried t the airprt, _________ the plane _________.
A．t find; had taken nB．nly t find; had taken ff
C．nly finding; had leftD．fund; had taken up
5．I hurried t the statin, _______the train had left.
A．findingB．nly t findC．fundD．having fund
6．I picked up my phne and was abut t call yu, ________the battery was dead.
A．findingB．nly t findC．fundD．having fund
7．I’ve never been s pr ________ able t affrd a meal.
A．as t be ntB．nt as t beC．as nt t beD．as t nt be
8．I went t see him, nly ________him ut.
A．t findB．fundC．findingD．funded
9．He hurried t the railway statin, nly ________ the train had left.
A．findB．fundC．findingD．t find
10．The man hurried t the airprt, nly ________ the plane had already taken ff.
A．t findB．t be fundC．findingD．fund
11．She hurried t her ffice by taxi,nly_____that the key had been left at hme.
A．findingB．fundC．findD．t find
12．I hurried t the meeting hall, nly______ that the meeting had been put ff.
A．t tellB．t be tldC．tellingD．tld
13．Yesterday I went t see him, ______ that he had gne fr Beijing.
A．nly t learnB．t learn nlyC．nly learnedD．learning nly
14．Afterschl we went t the reading rm t d sme reading, nly ________ that it ________.
A．being tld; was decratedB．telling, had decrated
C．t be tld; was being decratedD．tld; had been decrating
15．Have yu ever waited fr yur bus fr a very lng time, _____ by tw r mre buses arriving tgether?
A．nly t greetB．nly greetedC．nly t be greetedD．nly greeting
16．He left hme early nly______he was late as he went a wrng way.
A．fundB．t findC．findingD．being fund
17．Have yu ever rushed t get a phne cell, dripping frm the bath r chewing frm the table,_________ yu are a wrng number?
A．and being tldB．but tldC．nly t be tldD．just t tell
18．Mary rushed hme______ she heard the news, nly ______ that her husband was gne.
A．as sn as; findingB．immediately; t find
C．the mment; findD．when; fund
19．He always has gd ways ________ his classes ________.
A．in making; interestingB．t make ; interested
C．t make ; interestingD．f making; interested
20．It’s getting late, s we must stp driving t lk fr a place ________.
A．t liveB．t live inC．livingD．t live n
21．What is the best way Tm can think f ______ Lucy with her study?
A．t helpB．helpingC．helpD．helped
22．In 1931, Addams became the first American wman___________ the Nbel Prize.
A．winningB．wnC．t winD．has wn
23．The huse___________ next mnth is intended fr my uncle.
A．buildingB．builtC．t be builtD．t build
24．Jhn waited fr a lng time because he was the last persn ____________t speak.
A．t askB．t be askedC．being askedD．t asked
25．Prcrastinatin can ften pse________t peple’s ability________their gals successfully, which is evident, fr example, in the fact that it is assciated with receiving wrse grades at schl.
A．a questin … f pursuingB．an bstacle … t pursue
C．a dilemma … t pursueD．a hindrance … t pursuing
26．Vasc da Gama was a Prtuguese explrer and the first Eurpean _______ India by sea.
A．t reachB．reachingC．reachedD．reach
27．He was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as he had a train________.
A．catchingB．caughtC．t be caughtD．t catch
28．Every generatin has the duty t _____ heritage f knwledge frm the past.
A．let dwnB．pass dwnC．fall dwnD．cut dwn
29．But I learned frm Mrs Caffiere that my teachers had s much mre knwledge________.
A．t be sharedB．sharedC．t shareD．t have been shared
30．—Dn't be late! We all agree the last ne ________ pays the bill.
—N prblem! I will cme ahead f time.
A．arrivedB．arrivesC．arrivingD．t arrive
31．This is the best way ________ yu________ the prblem.
A．fr, t slvingB．f, t slve
C．f, f slvingD．fr, t slve
32．With victries in wmen's 10m air rifle and the air rifle mixed team cmpetitin, Yang Qian became the first Chinese shter________ tw gld medals in a rw in ne Olympic Games.
A．winningB．t winC．wnD．having wn
33．The cnference ________ next mnth is bund t be a great success.
A．will take placeB．taking placeC．taken placeD．t take place
34．The teacher gave me a piece f paper ________.
A．t write nB．t be written nC．t write inD．t be written
35．Mst imprtantly, the elderly are usually the first ________ the fd because they are well ________ in China.
A．t taste; t respectB．t taste; respectedC．tasting; t respectD．tasting; respected
36．Due t the frequent schl shtings, the nly way the president culd imagine ________ such tragedies was t encurage teachers t carry guns.
A．preventingB．t prevent
C．preventedD．having prevented
37．The way he thught f ________ the prblem failed in the end.
A．t wrk utB．wrking utC．wrk utD．being wrked ut
38．The airprt ________ next year will help prmte turism in this area.
A．being cmpletedB．cmpletedC．having been cmpletedD．t be cmpleted
39．All the cuntries have the respnsibility t make the earth a better place ________.
A．live inB．living inC．t live inD．lived in
40．I have n mre letters ________，thank yu.
A．t typeB．typingC．t be typedD．typed
题组B 能力提升练
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
41．—The last persn ________(arrive) pays the meal.
—I agree！
42．Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, is the first Chinese citizen ________(win) this award.
43．I dn’t have time ________ (sit) arund feeling srry fr myself.
44．The huse ________ there will be a library.（build）
45．Magellan was the first persn ________(sail) arund the wrld.
46．Tm wrks hard and he is always the last ne ________(leave) the classrm every day.
47．He is always the first ________ (arrive) at the schl.
48．The living cnditins there severely restricted the children’s freedm ________ (play).
49．His ability ________(get) n well with peple is his chief advantage.
50．He's always the first ne ___________(cme) t the classrm.
51．They didn’t give him a chance _____(defend) himself.
52．On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld ________(g) int space.
53．These activities seemed t satisfy my desire_____ (be) useful and t feel a meaningful cnnectin t the lives f thers.
54．There’s nthing________(indicate) that it wasn’t a straightfrward accident.
55．Keeping a diary in English is ne f the effective ways________(imprve)ur English writing ability. ________(cmpare)with ther frms f writing, it is shrter and takes less time.
56．They were the first peple_________(reach) the tp f the muntain.
57．In the early 1600s, Galile was the first _________ (use) his telescpe t explre the sky and since then, telescpes have cntinually imprved.
58．We’re having a meeting in half an hur. The decisin ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
59．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
60．This is the nly way we can think f ________(reduce) the veruse f water in students’ bathrms.
61．Mst f their time is spent sleeping in the trees, which is the best place ________(see) a kala.
62．China was the first cuntry ________（drink）green tea mre than 4,000 years ag and it still enjys ppularity tday.
63．Unless yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability ________（fcus）, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights.
64．His first bk ________(publish) next mnth is based n a true stry.
65．He had a lt f things ________(buy), s he arse early in the mrning and went t twn.
66．It is reprted that Armstrng is the first man _____ (step) n the mn.
67．Sme time after 10,000BC, peple made the first real attempt________（cntrl）the wrld they lived in, thrugh agriculture.
68．We must have the curage________（say）that we are ignrant.
69．He hurried t the huse nly ________ (find) that it was empty.
70．Every team is free ________(chse) its wn rute frm cntrl pint t check pint.
71．She hurried t the statin nly______ (tell) the train had gne.
72．The yung man hurried hme, nly________（find）his huse brken int.
73．The ld lady was determined, even at her age, ________（climb）the muntain t find the herb（草药）that culd save her sick sn.
74．The infinite distances f space are t great fr the human mind________(cmprehend).
75．Students brave enugh_________(take) this adventure curse will certainly learn a lt f useful skills.
76．During rush hurs, the subway is always t crwded fr peple ________ (get) n.
77．I was t yung ________ (knw) hw t slve the prblem.
78．I hate it when she calls me at wrk — I’m always t busy t carry________a cnversatin with her.
79．Because f the tight timetable, he was nce t tired ___________(wrk).
80．Smetimes I was t weak ________ (g) t schl s my educatin suffered. (所给词的适当形式填空）
81．I ran t fast ________ (ntice) where I was ging. (所给词的适当形式填空）
82．Tm lifted a rck nly ________（drp）it t his wn feet. (所给词的适当形式填空）
83．The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly ______(tell) the film stars had left.
84．They rushed t the cinema nly ________ (tell) the tickets had been sld ut. (所给词的适当形式填空）
85．First f all, yu must be intelligent enugh ________ (get) a related cllege degree.
86．The speech hall in ur schl is big enugh __________ ( hld) 2,000 peple.
87．When ________(ask), the man said he went hme at 2:00 am ________(tire) and nly ________(find) his huse brken int.
88．T supprt her children, she gt a jb as a babysitter fr children with mthers t busy ________(lk) after their wn children. (所给词的适当形式填空）
89．The questin was very difficult ________(answer).
90．A tw-mnth ld baby frm Afghanistan gets a helping hand _________ (catch) sme sleep in an ld building near the twn f Mytilene n Greece's Lesbs Island n Tuesday.
题组C 培优拔尖练
三、完成句子
91．Yesterday I went t see her_________ that she had gne abrad a week befre. (nly t d sth)
昨天我去看她,却得知她一周前出国了。
92．他太骄傲, 不肯承认失败。
He is t prud________________________.
93．He went t schl withut breakfast, ________________.
他没吃早饭就去了学校，却发现大门锁着。
94．Jane hurried t buy the ticket fr the cncert, ________that the tickets had been sld ut.
简匆忙赶去买演唱会的门票，却被告知票已经卖光了。
95．He lifted a rck nly ______________________________.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
96．他是第一个获得该奖项的中国公民。
He is the first Chinese citizen ________.
97．明天会议上要讨论的问题非常棘手。
The prblem ________ at tmrrw’s meeting is a very difficult ne.
98．I have sme clthes ________.
我有一些衣服要洗。
99．我们必须趁早找到解决这些问题的方法。
We must find a way ________these prblems befre it's t late.
100．Frankly speaking, we ________befre the Cllege Entrance Examinatin. (waste)
坦率地说,在高考之前我们没有时间可以浪费。