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    专题四 语法填空-2024五年高考题分类训练(英语)

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    专题四 语法填空-2024五年高考题分类训练(英语)

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    这是一份专题四 语法填空-2024五年高考题分类训练(英语),共54页。
    Shanghai may be the 4 recgnized (recgnize) hme f the sup dumpling, but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring ancient canal twn f Nanxiang as xia lng ba's birthplace. There, yu'll find them prepared differently — mre dumpling and less sup — and the wrappers are pressed 5 by hand rather than rlled.
    Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 6 t be lifted (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f 7 their (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with 8 a tuch f sweetness, and the surrunding sup ht, clear and delicius.
    N matter where I buy them, thugh, ne steamer basket is 9 rarely (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, and s I am always left 10 wanting (want) mre next time.
    1. tasty
    [解析]考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词ht并列,修饰空后的名词sup,故空处填形容词tasty。
    【归纳总结】以-y结尾的形容词小结:
    ①一般情况下,直接加-y。如:healthy,lucky,dirty,messy, cludy,rainy等。
    ②重读闭音节的单词要双写尾字母,再加-y。如:sunny,fggy,muddy等。
    ③去结尾的e再加-y。如:juicy,icy,nisy,tasty等。
    ④特殊记hungry和angry,在加-y前先去中间的e。
    2. t bite
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处考查"whether+不定式"结构,空处与下文的t put是并列关系。
    3. r
    [解析]考查连词。句意:要吃一个小笼包,你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口,把热气释放出来,冒着汤汁溢出来的风险,还是把整个包子塞进嘴里,让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。根据句意可知,此处为""结构,表示"是……还是……",为固定搭配。
    4. recgnized
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处表示"得到认可的小笼包的发源地"。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词hme,且与hme之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词recgnized。
    5. by
    [解析]考查介词。by hand"用手工",是固定搭配。故填by。
    6. t be lifted
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xia lng ba, 此处表示"小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来"。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系,此处构成allw sth. t be dne结构,意为"允许某事被做",故空处填t be lifted。
    【易错点拨】 以往的高考语法填空每空所填答案一般不超过两个单词,本题需要填三个单词,这在高考语法填空题中是首次出现,属于反套路命题。这就告诉同学们要加强对必备知识的深入理解和掌握,以扎实的基本功迎接"万变"。
    7. their
    [解析]考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语,修饰空后的名词cntents,表示"不会使包子开裂,或者溢出包子里的任何东西"。
    8. a
    [解析]考查冠词。句意:肉应该新鲜,带着一丝甜味;汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。a tuch f"少许,微量",是固定搭配。
    9. rarely
    [解析]考查副词。此处enugh为形容词,其前应用副词修饰,故填rarely"几乎不"。
    10. wanting
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"leave sb. ding sth."结构,表示"使我想着下次多吃点"。
    解读:本文介绍中国的特色小吃小笼包,包括其吃法、发源地等。
    Clze 2 [2023新课标卷Ⅱ, 15分]
    Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a questining lk. Behind it, the persn is trying t figure ut wh exactly I animals?
    Since June 2017, right befre the 1 arrival (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and 2 cnfident (cnfidence) speaking English. And wh d they speak English 3 t/with?
    Nt the pandas, even thugh 4 the language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English. They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t 5 visiting(visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
    They als need t be ready t give 6 interviews(interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is 7 why they need an English trainer.
    S, what are they learning? 8 Basically(basic), hw t describe a panda's life. It's been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp 9 and t see the pandas settle int their new hme. As a little girl, I 10 wished (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I'm living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
    1. arrival
    [解析]考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词befre的宾语,跟在定冠词the的后面,需要用arrive的名词形式。故填arrival。
    【归纳总结】 以-ve结尾的动词在变名词时,一般会将词尾的-e变为-al,如:survive(生存,存活)→survival;remve(移走,去掉)→remval;apprve(赞成,同意)→apprval。
    2. cnfident
    [解析]考查形容词。根据空前的并列连词and可知,空处与空前的形容词cmfrtable并列,同作feel的表语,因此,空处也需要填形容词。故填cnfident。
    3. t/with
    [解析]考查介词。根据下文中的"Nt the talk t the fld f internatinal turists"可知,此处的意思是"他们和谁说英语呢"。故填t/with。
    4. the
    [解析]考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language,因此,空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用,根据language后的"used fr the medical training instructins"可知,此处表特指,故填定冠词the。
    5. visiting
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意:他们要和蜂拥而来的国际游客,以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈。这些动物园管理员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处作前置定语,修饰空后的"Chinese zkeepers",visit与Chinese zkeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填visiting。
    6. interviews
    [解析]考查名词复数。 分析句子结构可知,空处作动词give的宾语,需要用名词。根据空后的"with internatinal jurnalists"(和国际记者)可知,空处表示复数意义,故填interviews。
    7. why
    [解析]考查表语从句。句意:他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因。根据句意可知,此处考查固定句型"This is why...",故填why。
    8. Basically
    [解析]考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词。由于本空位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Basically。
    【归纳总结】 以-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时,一般会将词尾的-ic变为-ically,如:academic(学术的)→academically;dramatic(激动人心的,引人注目的)→dramatically;ecnmic(经济的,经济上的)→ecnmically;scientific(科学的)→scientifically。
    9. and
    [解析]考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的"t "和空后的"t "结构相似,空处考虑使用连词。结合句意"能够关注大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸"可知,空处前后是语意上的并列关系,故填and。
    10. wished
    [解析]考查动词时态。 根据空前的"As a little girl"和空后的"when I grew up""Nw, I'm living ut that dream"可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,所以时态应用一般过去时,故填wished。
    解读:本文主要讲述了"我"教熊猫饲养员英语的经历。
    题组二
    Clze 1 [2023全国卷乙, 15分]
    Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng 1 t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully 2 built (build) system f ring rads.
    But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 3 that/which welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 wnders (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
    It is a distinct visual cntrast(反差) that shuldn't wrk, 5 but/yet smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin. 6 Having visited (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 7 was amazed (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while cnstantly grwing. As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years 8 recrding (recrd) everything I discvered.
    The 9 remarkable (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 10 means (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
    1. t
    [解析]考查介词。"从……到……",是固定用法。
    2. built
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处表示"这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统"。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处在此作定语,修饰其后的system,且build与system之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填built。
    3. that/which
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为place,指物,故填that/which。
    4. wnders
    [解析]考查名词。wnder在此表示"奇迹,奇观",是可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,应用复数。故填wnders。
    5. but/yet
    [解析]考查连词。根据语境可知,前后分句间是转折关系,故填but/yet。
    6. Having visited
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在此作非谓语,且visit与句子的主语I之间为主谓关系;再根据句中的状语"several times ver the last 10 years"可知,visit所表示的动作已经发生多次,且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Having visited。
    7. was amazed
    [解析]考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在此作谓语。I和amaze之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;再根据本句中的"was able t"可知,应用一般过去时。故填was amazed。
    8. recrding
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处考查"spend sme time (in) ding smething"结构,意为"花费时间做某事"。故填recrding。
    9. remarkable
    [解析]考查形容词。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词develpment,应用形容词。故填remarkable"非凡的,卓越的"。
    10. means
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作主句的谓语。主句主语的中心词为develpment,且此处陈述的是现在的情况,故谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填 means。
    解读:本文主要介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化建筑之间的独特结合,北京在不断发展的同时保持其丰富的遗产。
    Clze 2 [2023全国卷甲, 15分]
    Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables(寓言)1 t teach(teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp's fables date t the2 sixth(six) century B.C. Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, 3 as Rachel Carsn says in "A Fable fr Tmrrw."
    Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fables. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. "There was nce a twn in the heart f America 4 where all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings," her fable begins, 5 brrwing (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 6 intended(intend) fr everyne.
    7 Different(difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn's stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility 8 fr saving their envirnment.
    The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn's theme is a mre weighty 9 warning (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple literary frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still 10 be emplyed(emply)tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
    1. t teach
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,空处与r后的t pass并列作目的状语,故填t teach。
    2. sixth
    [解析]考查序数词。此处表示"公元前六世纪",根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词century可知,空处应填序数词sixth。
    3. as
    [解析]考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样,这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,表示"正如",故填as。
    4. where
    [解析]考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
    5. brrwing
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,begins是句子的谓语动词,空处为非谓语作状语,且与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系,故填现在分词brrwing。
    6. intended
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,is是句子谓语动词,空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended fr是固定用法,故填过去分词intended。
    7. Different
    [解析]考查形容词。be different frm"与……不同",是固定短语,此处作状语,去掉be动词,且空处位于句首,单词首字母要大写,故填Different。
    8. fr
    [解析]考查介词。take respnsibility fr"对……负责",是固定短语。
    9. warning
    [解析]考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空前有冠词和形容词修饰,空处表示"警告"。故填名词warning。
    10. be emplyed
    [解析]考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知,空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary frm和动词emply"运用"之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。空前是情态动词,故填be emplyed。
    解读:卡森借助传统寓言的风格传递严肃的教育意义,教导人们承担起拯救环境的责任。
    题组三
    Clze 1 [2023浙江1月,15分]
    During China's dynastic perid, emperrs planned the city f Beijing 1 and arranged the residential areas accrding t scial classes. The term "hutng", 2 riginally (riginal) meaning "water well" in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
    In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, 3 surrunded (surrund) in cncentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes 4 were permitted (permit) t live clser t the center f the circles. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften 5 featured (feature) beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子). The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by 6 spacius (space) hmes and walled gardens. Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 simpler/mre simple (simple) in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
    Hutngs represent an imprtant cultural element f the city f Beijing. Thanks t Beijing's lng histry 8 as the capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric 9 events (event). In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect 10 the culture f grassrts Beijingers.
    1. and
    [解析]考查并列连词。语境为帝王规划了北京城并按照社会阶级安排了人们的居住区域。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,planned 和arranged 并列作谓语,所填词连接两个并列的谓语动词,表示"和,并且",故填and。
    2. riginally
    [解析]考查副词。空处所填词修饰非谓语动词meaning,作状语,故应用副词riginally。
    3. surrunded
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was,故空处应为非谓语动词;结合句意"在明朝,中心就是紫禁城,它被内城和外城包围,形成同心圆的样貌"可知,surrund与the Frbidden City构成逻辑上的动宾关系。故填surrunded。
    4. were permitted
    [解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的"In the Ming Dynasty"可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故应用一般过去时;较高社会阶层的人"被允许"居住在离同心圆的中心(即紫禁城)更近的地方,故用被动语态;主语Citizens是复数。故填were permitted。
    【易错点拨】 permit, cmmit, submit变过去式、过去分词和现在分词时均要双写字母t。
    5. featured
    [解析]考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,carved和painted均为过去分词,在句中作定语,空处在此作谓语。联系上下文可知,该句描述的是过去发生的事情,故填featured。
    【技巧点拨】 feature的常用义为"n.特色"。在此处feature作动词,表示"以……为特色"。当提示词词性不唯一,且词义较多时,准确判断其词性和词义是解题关键。
    6. spacius
    [解析]考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词hmes,应用形容词,故填spacius(宽敞的)。
    7. simpler/mre simple
    [解析]考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应,表示在设计和装饰方面更简单,故填simpler/mre simple。
    8. as
    [解析]考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示北京作为中国的首都,故空处填as。
    9. events
    [解析]考查名词的数。此处表示几乎每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有些还和历史事件有关。event"事件",是可数名词,其前无冠词修饰,且根据句意可知,历史事件肯定不止一件,故应用其复数形式events。
    10. the
    [解析]考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化,故空处填the。
    解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了北京胡同的起源、布局和文化内涵。
    Clze 2 [2022新高考卷Ⅰ,15分]
    The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park (GPNP).1 Cvering(cver) an area abut three times 2 the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that 3 were(be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity 4 t increase(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
    After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP 5 is designed(design) t reflect the guiding principle f "prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, 6 and leaving behind precius natural assets (资产) fr future generatins". The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate 7 ppulatins (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and 8 eventually (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
    Giant pandas als serve 9 as an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species 10 that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
    1. Cvering
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be,故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语;cver与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
    2. the
    [解析]考查冠词。这里考查倍数表达法"倍数+the size f+名词",表示"……的大小的几倍大"。
    3. were
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语,即关系代词that,指代前面的a significant number f areas,这个短语作主语时,谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致;空后的previusly unprtected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。因此填were。
    4. t increase
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处在句中作目的状语,表示"以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性"。
    5. is designed
    [解析]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况,用一般现在时。故填is designed。
    6. and
    [解析]考查连词。通过句子中的"prtecting ..., preserving ..., prtecting ..., leaving"可以看出,这里需要用并列连词来连接多个并列成分,因此填and。
    7. ppulatins
    [解析]考查名词复数。ppulatin在这里表示"种群",是可数名词,由空前的separate可知应填名词复数ppulatins。
    8. eventually
    [解析]考查副词。该空修饰动词achieve,应填所给词的副词形式eventually。
    9. as
    [解析]考查介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示"起作用,产生效果"。
    10. that
    [解析]考查定语从句。先行词"the species"指物,并且其前有all修饰,故此处宜用关系代词that。
    【易错点拨】 本题易误填which,在引导限制性定语从句时,which与that在大多数情况下可以互换,但当先行词被all, n, very, any, little, much等修饰时,只能用that,不用which。
    解读:本文介绍了中国筹建的大熊猫国家公园的相关情况。
    题组四
    Clze 1 [2022新高考卷Ⅱ,15分]
    Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the1 falling(fall) child.
    Eric Brwn, nly three years ld, kncked Henry dwn when he fell. The by is in the hspital and dctrs say he'll be OK.
    2 The Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. On the day f the accident, Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell3 asleep(sleep) while watching TV.
    Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up4 t see(see) them. When he lked dwn, he5 accidentally(accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge. He hung n fr a few minutes6 and screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
    Henry7 was fixing(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly8 threw(thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
    "He saved my9 sn's(sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw10 hw t thank him."
    "I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
    1. falling
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。该空修饰名词child,由于child与fall之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,同时此处表示动作正在进行,故填现在分词falling。
    2. The
    [解析]考查冠词。"the+姓氏的单数名词+family"表示整个家庭或家族,同时该空位于句首,首字母应该大写,故填The。
    3. asleep
    [解析]考查形容词。设空处应该用形容词作表语。sleep为动词,应该用形容词asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为"入睡",故填asleep。
    4. t see
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处应该使用不定式作目的状语,故填t see。
    5. accidentally
    [解析]考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用副词修饰动词slipped,故填accidentally。
    6. and
    [解析]考查连词。句中hung n和screamed两个动作应为并列关系,故用连词and。
    7. was fixing
    [解析]考查动词时态和主谓一致。此句是"be "固定句型,该句描述的是过去发生的事情,且主语Henry为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。
    8. threw
    [解析]考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处与后面的started构成并列谓语,故填threw。
    【易错点拨】 thrw的过去式和过去分词分别为threw,thrwn;变化规则类似的还有:grw→grew→grwn;knw→knew→knwn。
    9. sn's
    [解析]考查名词所有格。根据句意可知,life与所给出的sn之间是所属关系,故应用名词所有格sn's。
    10. hw
    [解析]考查特殊疑问词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用"特殊疑问词+动词不定式"作宾语,再结合句意可知,应填hw。
    解读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了正在修车的Henry及时救下了从阳台坠落的小孩的故事。
    Clze 2 [2022全国卷乙,15分]
    May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially 1 by the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.T celebrate 2 the festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
    The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety 3 addressed (address) the pening ceremny. "As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the 4 largest (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a 5 respnsibility (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a 6 shared (share) future fr mankind," he said.
    The "First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative" issued(发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin 7 and cultural exchanges. A fur-year tea prmtin — Tea Rad Cperative Plan — was als issued in accrdance with the initiative.
    8 T strengthen(strengthen) the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, 9 inviting (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
    The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremny, pening 10 its (it) first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth — A Special Exhibitin f Pu'er Tea.
    1. by
    [解析]考查介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by..."由……命名"。
    2. the
    [解析]考查冠词。此处特指上文提到过的 "the first Internatinal Tea Day",故用定冠词"the"。
    3. addressed
    [解析]考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的"tk place"可知,时态应用一般过去时;address"对……发表演说"与主语"chairman"构成主动关系。故填addressed。
    【归纳总结】address一词多义:
    address既可作名词,表示"地址,住址;演讲,演说",也可作动词,常用的含义有:1.写姓名地址;2.演说,演讲(其后常跟meeting,cnference);3.向……说话;4.设法解决,处理(相当于deal with)。
    4. largest
    [解析]考查最高级。"tea-prducing cuntry"前应用形容词修饰,提示词为形容词,且空前有定冠词"the",再结合常识可知,应用形容词的最高级。
    5. respnsibility
    [解析]考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知,此处填名词"respnsibility"。
    6. shared
    [解析]考查形容词。根据空前的"a"和空后的名词"future"可知,此处应用形容词,share与future为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式的形容词shared"共同的"。
    7. and
    [解析]考查连词。根据句意可知,此处意为"促进国际合作与文化交流",故应用and。
    8. T strengthen
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用不定式表示目的。
    9. inviting
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词"included",提示词与"the event"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故空处用提示词"invite"的现在分词形式作状语。
    10. its
    [解析]考查代词。"first exhibitin"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式,故填its。
    解读:本文主要介绍了在北京晋商博物馆举办的一系列庆祝由联合国设立的首个"国际茶日"的活动。
    题组五
    Clze 1 [2022全国卷甲,15分]
    A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days t Xi'an, as a first step 1 t jurney(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute(路线) by ft.
    On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, 2 wh lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces. Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin 3 held(hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad. 4 A friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
    Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental 5 prtectin (prtect). Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre 6 meaningful (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
    In the last five years, Ca 7 has walked (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's 8 highest (high) muntain.
    Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4,700 kilmeters 9 frm Xi'an t Kashgar n Sept.20, 10 planning(plan) t hike back t Xi'an in five mnths.
    1. t jurney
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是hiked,空处应填非谓语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰,因此空处应用不定式作后置定语,故填t jurney。
    【熟词新义】jurney常用义为"n.旅行,行程",此处用作动词,表示"旅行",相当于travel。
    2. wh
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为表示人的名词,关系词在从句中充当主语,故填wh。
    3. held
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是decided,空处在句中作非谓语,且与被修饰词the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin之间形成动宾关系,故填held。
    4. A
    [解析]考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表泛指,且friend以辅音音素开头,故填A。空处位于句首,注意要大写。
    5. prtectin
    [解析]考查名词。根据空前的形容词envirnmental可知,空处应用名词。此处表示"环境保护",故填prtectin。
    6. meaningful
    [解析]考查形容词。结合句意"这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义"可知,空处需要用形容词,故填meaningful。
    7. has walked
    [解析]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In the last five years可知,时态为现在完成时;walk与主语Ca之间为主动关系;主语Ca为第三人称单数,故填has walked。
    8. highest
    [解析]考查最高级。结合常识可知,Kilimanjar是非洲最高的山脉,故填最高级highest。
    9. frm
    [解析]考查介词。此处考查固定表达"",意为"从……到……"。
    10. planning
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是flew,空处在句中作非谓语,plan与其逻辑主语He之间形成主谓关系,故填planning。
    解读:本文主要讲述了盲人旅行家曹晟康徒步穿越古丝绸之路并沿途做环保的故事。
    Clze 2 [2022浙江,15分]
    T understand a painting, we're taught t lk fr clr, cmpsitin, and light. But hw can a painting 1 be appreciated(appreciate) by smene wh's blind? Thrugh tuch, the ne thing gallery signs tell yu nt 2 t d(d). Jhn Olsn, a frmer 3 phtgrapher(phtgraph), and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
    The tactile (可触知的) paintings wrk as a way t shw art t 4 the blind because we dn't see with just ur eyes: We see with ur brains. Research in the field f neurplasticity — the brain's adaptability — shws that the visual crtex (大脑皮层)is made active by tuch. Blind peple recgnize shapes with their 5 existing(exist) senses, in a way similar t that f 6 sighted(sight) peple, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
    Luc Gandarias, wh's nw thirteen, went blind suddenly 7 at age seven. When he felt a 3D versin f Lenard da Vinci's "Mna Lisa", he 8 nticed(ntice) her smile right away. "I can actually feel what yu see when yu lk at it," he said.
    Fr Luc, this means 9 independence(independent). "The feeling f being able t see it 10 and t frm my pinin is like breaking dwn anther wall as a blind persn."
    1. be appreciated
    [解析]考查动词语态。主语是a painting,与appreciate之间是被动关系,又因空前有情态动词can,故填be appreciated。
    2. t d
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。tell sb.(nt) t d是固定用法,意为"告诉某人(不要)做某事",故填t d。
    3. phtgrapher
    [解析]考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处是Jhn Olsn的同位语,表示"摄影师",故填phtgrapher。
    4. the
    [解析]考查冠词。the blind表示一类人,意为"盲人"。
    5. existing
    [解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词senses,表示"现存的",故填existing"现存的,现行的"。
    6. sighted
    [解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词peple,根据句中的"Blind peple"可知,此处表示"有正常视力的人们",故填sighted"看得见的,有视力的"。
    【归纳总结】以"动词+-ed"转化而来的形容词小结:
    advanced先进的 aged年迈的 delighted快乐的
    depressed抑郁的 devted忠诚的 educated 有教养的
    determined坚定的 frzen冷藏的 hidden隐藏的
    impressed使钦佩的 injured受伤的 learned有学问的
    mixed混合的 mved感动 ccupied忙于
    plluted受污染的 puzzled困惑的 qualified符合资格
    relaxed放松的 satisfied满意
    7. at
    [解析]考查介词。at age...是一种习惯用法,表示"在……岁的时候"。
    8. nticed
    [解析]考查动词时态和语态。根据上文的"he felt a 3D versin"可知,此处时态为一般过去时,又因he与ntice之间是主动关系,故填nticed。
    9. independence
    [解析]考查名词。句意:对于Luc而言,这意味着独立。空处作宾语,故填所给词的名词形式independence。
    10. and
    [解析]考查连词。根据语境可知,此处t see it和t frm my pinin为并列关系,故填and。
    解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了Jhn Olsn和他的团队运用纹理3D模型帮助盲人更好地欣赏到艺术画作。
    题组六
    Clze 1 [2022浙江1月,15分]
    Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics 1 wh/that are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change. Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like — frequently by plane — 2 is viewed/has been viewed(view)as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. But Cbb and thers 3 are (be) nw questining that idea — pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and 4 changing (change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, 5 rughly(rugh) 200 academics — many f them climate scientists —6 have prmised (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
    Cbb, fr her part, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak 7 whether/if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f 8 the time, they agreed. When the answer was n, she declined the 9 invitatin (invite). That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans 10 t cntinue(cntinue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding," she says — "a really psitive change."
    1. wh/that
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为指代人的a small but grwing minrity f academics,故填wh/that。
    2. is viewed/has been viewed
    [解析]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语,句子主语为动名词短语"Travelling the like",表示单数概念,与view为被动关系;再结合语境可知,此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的并对现在造成影响的动作,故填is viewed/has been viewed。
    3. are
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的"nw questining"可知,空处所在句的时态为现在进行时,且主语表示复数意义,故填are。questin在此处为动词,表示"表示疑问,怀疑"。
    4. changing
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。空处与上文的pushing并列,又因change与句子主语Cbb and thers为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填changing。
    【技巧点拨】 在做语法填空题时,常通过分析句子结构并利用并列成分进行判断,如并列的谓语动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词。
    5. rughly
    [解析]考查副词。此处表示大约200位科研人员,空处应用所给词的副词形式作状语。rughly"大约,大致,差不多"。
    6. have prmised
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"since the effrt started tw years ag"可知,此处应用现在完成时,又主语为名词复数,故填have prmised。
    7. whether/if
    [解析]考查宾语从句。就Cbb而言,她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程发言。空处引导宾语从句,表示"是否",故填whether/if。
    8. the
    [解析]考查冠词。约四分之三的情况下,他们(会议组织者)同意了。此处特指上文提到的Cbb询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言这种情况,故填定冠词the。
    9. invitatin
    [解析]考查名词。空处作declined的宾语,应用所给词的名词形式,又其前有定冠词the,故填invitatin,表示"邀请"。
    10. t cntinue
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。plan t d sth."计划做某事"为固定用法,故用动词不定式t cntinue。
    解读:为了应对气候变化,以亚特兰大的教授Kim Cbb为代表的一部分学者减少学术活动中的航空旅行,优先选择通过远程方式参与活动。
    【核心词汇】 cut back 减少,削减
    rewarding adj.值得做的,有益的
    【熟词新义】
    1.academic常用义:adj.学业的,学术的
    本文义:n.高等院校教师,高校科研人员,(大学里的)学者
    2.wrkshp常用义:n.车间,作坊 本文义:n.研讨会
    3.decline常用义:v.减少,衰落 本文义:v.谢绝
    Clze 2 [2021新高考卷Ⅰ,15分]
    Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles' sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 2 humans (human) are.
    The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will 3 undubtedly (undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 4 htter(ht) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's hw nature is — always leaving us 5 astnished (astnish).
    What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 was(be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure7 and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur8 aching(ache) legs.
    As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr's memry. It sure des in 9 mine(I). While yu're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 a must t visit!
    1. What
    [解析]考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,本空引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为"……的事物"。本空位于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。
    2. humans
    [解析]考查复数名词。本空作宾语从句的主语we的同位语,故应该用名词的复数形式。
    3. undubtedly
    [解析]考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰动词help,故填undubtedly。
    【技巧点拨】 考生首先需要根据dubt和表示否定的前缀un-判断其含义,然后根据句子成分判断用副词作状语。另外,英语中常用由-ing分词转化的形容词和由-ed分词转化的形容词加副词后缀-ly作状语,故此处填undubtedly。常见的词还有increasingly, amazingly等。
    4. htter
    [解析]考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知气温越低,温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了"the+比较级,the+比较级"结构,表示"越……,就越……",故本空填ht的比较级htter。
    5. astnished
    [解析]考查形容词。本空在"leave+宾语+宾补"结构中作宾补。astnished"吃惊的,惊讶的",astnishing"令人惊讶的",根据语境可知,这里指的是使我们惊讶,故填astnished。
    6. was
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语then可知,此处描述当时的状态,应用一般过去时,又主语为it,为单数,故填was。
    7. and
    [解析]考查连词。本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和ffers),表示顺承关系,因此这里填并列连词and。
    8. aching
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语,ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词aching。
    9. mine
    [解析]考查代词。与前面的"it will always stick in the visitr's memry"呼应,这里表示"It sure sticks in my memry",因此本空填名词性物主代词mine。
    10. a
    [解析]考查冠词。此处must表示"必须做的事",为可数名词,通常用单数。a must表示"必须做的一件事"。
    解读:本文讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。
    译文:你一爬到山顶就会看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。
    题组七
    Clze 1 [2021新高考卷Ⅱ,15分]
    I've always lved the cean. In the1 seventh (seven) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2 thinking (think) it is fd.
    I decided t d smething 3 t educate (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany 4 that/which used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
    One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany 5 and emailed its president. I tld him hw 6 harmful (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s 7 excited(excite) when he wrte back t me. He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
    I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t 8 was (be) Alaska Airlines. A cmpany 9 representative (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver 10 frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
    1. seventh
    [解析]考查序数词。该处指"七年级",应用序数词seventh。
    2. thinking
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语;从句主语many sea animals和think之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词的现在分词形式。
    3. t educate
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。空处表示目的,意为"来教育人们……",故用动词不定式。
    4. that/which
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为a cmpany,故应填that/which。
    5. and
    [解析]考查连词。此处表示找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。空处前后的动作为顺承关系,故用and连接。
    6. harmful
    [解析]考查形容词。此处为hw引导的感叹句作tld的宾语,hw可修饰形容词或副词;再根据该空后的be可知,空处作表语,应用形容词形式。
    7. excited
    [解析]考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语,此处表示作者感到很激动,应用形容词excited。
    8. was
    [解析]考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语为"One f the biggest cmpanies",谓语动词应用单数形式;该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填was。
    9. representative
    [解析]考查名词。根据该句的谓语动词"wrte back"可知,该处指"一位公司代表",故用名词representative。
    【易错点拨】 以-ative结尾的单词大多是形容词,但representative既可作形容词,又可作名词。所以部分考生会因为不了解representative的词性及含义,而根据构词法误填representatin,或根据构词规则造一些不存在的词。
    10. frm
    [解析]考查介词。为固定搭配,意为"从……到……",该处指"从塑料杯到纸杯",故填frm。
    解读:作者在七年级时参加了一个公益组织,为保护遭受塑料污染而死亡的海洋动物献出了自己的一份力量。
    Clze 2 [2021全国卷乙,15分]
    Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact(影响) travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme 1 educated(educate) abut the areas — bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the 2 develpment(develp) f the lcal areas.
    Ecturism has 3 its(it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept 4 until the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
    Due t 5 the grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types 6 f trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
    ●Minimize the impact f 7 visiting(visit) the place.
    ●Build respect fr and awareness f the envirnment and cultural practices.
    ●Prvide8 financial (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
    ●Make sure that the turism prvides psitive experiences fr bth the visitrs and the hsts.
    Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. 9 Activities (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim 10 t have(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
    1. educated
    [解析]考查形容词。在系动词becme后应用形容词作表语, educated"受过教育的,有教养的"。
    2. develpment
    [解析]考查名词。空格在冠词the之后,应填名词 develpment"发展"。
    3. its
    [解析]考查代词。空格在名词之前,因此填形容词性物主代词its,表示"它的"起源。
    4. until
    [解析]考查特殊句式。直到20世纪80年代末,它才作为一个旅游概念被人们广泛接受。根据句意和句中的nt可知,本空填until。"直到……才……"。
    5. the
    [解析]考查冠词。名词ppularity后有定语,故其前应用定冠词the表特指,the grwing ppularity f..." ……的日益流行"。
    6. f
    [解析]考查固定用法。varius types f trips"不同类型的旅行",因此填f。
    7. visiting
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。 由介词f可知,此处应用动词-ing作宾语,故填visiting。
    8. financial
    [解析]考查形容词。空格在名词aid之前,应填形容词作定语, financial"财政的"。
    9. Activities
    [解析]考查名词的数。本空作主语,且本句的谓语动词是range, 故主语应是名词复数activities,空格位于句首,首字母应大写。
    10. t have
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth."力求做某事"为固定搭配。故本空用不定式t have。该句句式分析如下:
    解读:本文主要介绍了生态旅游的概念、起源及其标准等。
    【核心词汇】 have ne's rigin with sth. 起源于……
    desirable adj. 可取的,值得做的 minimize v. 使减少到最低限度
    题组八
    Clze 1 [2021全国卷甲,15分]
    The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It 1 was built (build) riginally t prtect the city 2 in/during the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). It is pssible 3 t walk(walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
    We accessed the wall thrugh the Suth Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and utside the City Wall.
    After 4 spending (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what 5 better (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
    We 6 hired (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky 7 but did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 8 the way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and 9 watchtwers (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their 10 daily (day) rutines.
    1. was built
    [解析]考查时态和语态。根据句中的"the Tang dynasty"可知,此处描述发生在过去的动作,应使用一般过去时;It和build之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填was built。
    2. in/during
    [解析]考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表示在唐朝,故填介词in。也可填during,表示"在……期间"。
    3. t walk
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。It is pssible t d sth.是固定用法,表示"有可能做某事",其中It为形式主语,真正的主语为后置的不定式短语,故填t walk。
    4. spending
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词After后,应用动词-ing形式,又we与spend为主谓关系,故填spending。
    5. better
    [解析]考查形容词比较级。根据空后的"than"可知,此处应使用比较级。
    【归纳总结】常见形容词比较级、最高级的不规则变化有: gd(better, best), little(less, least), bad(wrse, wrst), many/much(mre, mst), far(farther/further, farthest/furthest)等。
    6. hired
    [解析]考查时态。本段描述过去发生的事情,此处应使用一般过去时。
    7. but
    [解析]考查连词。作者的自行车破旧且不牢靠,但骑行没有问题。由此可知,此处表示转折,故填but。
    8. the
    [解析]考查冠词。all the way"一路上,自始至终",为固定搭配。
    9. watchtwers
    [解析]考查名词。根据空前的"the different gates"及"and"可知,此处应使用名词复数。
    10. daily
    [解析]考查形容词。根据空前的"their"和空后的"rutines"可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故填daily。
    解读:本文介绍了作者一行人在西安古城墙的骑行经历。
    Clze 2 [2021浙江,15分]
    It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 1 has prved/has prven (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public. Beautifully restred(修复) t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it 2 fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their 3 marriage (marry) ceremny in 1842.
    When the huse was built, it was much 4 smaller (small) than it is tday. Mary's niece wrte, "The little hme 5 was painted (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f 6 herself (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder."
    Althugh Mary lved flwers, 7 neither she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. A lng-time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 t plant (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
    9 The Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family. Three f the fur Lincln sns were brn here. After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 10 sld (sell) mst f their furniture.
    1. has prved/has prven
    [解析]考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在本句中作谓语,结合空后的时间状语从句可知,本句时态需用现在完成时;prve在此处表示"(随时间的流逝)后来显现为……",为系动词,不用被动语态;主语Lincln's hme为第三人称单数,prve的过去分词有prved和prven两种形式,所以空处填has prved/has prven。
    2. fr
    [解析]考查介词。此处表示"他们以1 200美元的价格买下了这座房子",故空处填介词fr。
    【易错点拨】 本题考生易误填at或其他介词,at表示"以"时,常用于速度、比率等。
    3. marriage
    [解析]考查名词。此处marriage ceremny是常用表达,意为"结婚典礼",所以空处填marriage。
    4. smaller
    [解析]考查形容词的比较级。根据空后面的than可知,空处需用比较级,且空前的much可修饰比较级,所以空处填smaller。
    5. was painted
    [解析]考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在本句中作谓语,结合语境可知,此处是林肯夫人的外甥女的回忆,时态需用一般过去时;"房子被粉刷成白色"表明此处应用被动语态;主语The little hme为第三人称单数,所以空处填was painted。
    6. herself
    [解析]考查代词。结合语境"她非常漂亮,她的房子就是她本人的反映"可知,此处需用反身代词,所以空处填herself。
    7. neither
    [解析]考查固定搭配。此处考查固定搭配(既不……也不……),所以空处填neither。
    8. t plant
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处表示"玛丽的姐姐Frances Tdd Wallace经常来访,在前院种花",故此处为目的状语,所以空处填t plant。
    9. The
    [解析]考查冠词。"the+姓氏的复数形式"表示"……夫妇"或"……一家",由Linclns及语境可知,此处表示"林肯夫妇",所以空处填The。
    10. sld
    [解析]考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空处与and前面的动词rented构成并列,共同作本句的谓语,都在讲述1861年的事情,因此空处填sld。
    解读:本文主要讲述了林肯故居初建时的概况及之后的发展过程。
    【核心词汇】 plantatin n. 种植园
    irresistible adj. 吸引人的,不可抗拒的 stry n. 楼层(=strey BrE)
    题组九
    Clze 1 [2021浙江1月,15分]
    In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index (体重指数) acrss 200 cuntries, the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 1 and that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.
    BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 2 that/which gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 persn's (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 is cnsidered(cnsider)healthy.
    The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 by 2.1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 6 was(be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the gegraphy f BMI. In 1985,urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 studied(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 8 sharply(sharp).
    This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 living(live) in the cuntryside,including 10 lwer(lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
    1. and
    [解析]考查并列连词。分析句子可知,逗号前为介词短语作状语,fund后接两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句,故填and。
    2. that/which
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子可知," gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight"在句中作定语修饰前面的measurement tl,为定语从句,从句缺少主语,关系词指物,故填关系代词that/which。
    3. persn's
    [解析]考查名词所有格。分析句子可知,"a (persn) weight"在句中作dividing的宾语,空格前为冠词,空格后为名词,且此处表示"一个人的体重",故填名词所有格。
    【技巧点拨】 若提示词是名词,空后的词也是名词,提示词与空后的名词又是所属关系,那么该空就要考虑用名词所有格了。
    4. is cnsidered
    [解析]考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,在第一个and后的分句中,"a BMI f between 19 and 25"为主语,空格后为形容词,故知空格处为谓语动词;结合前一分句的时态可知,此处描述的是客观事实且主语与动词cnsider之间为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
    5. by
    [解析]考查介词。根据下一句话中的"In cities, hwever, the men"可知,本段第一、二句话为农村和城市的男女BMI指数的对比;再根据gain一词可知,此处表示增加了2.1。
    6. was
    [解析]考查动词时态和主谓一致。由上下文可知,此处说的是上文提到的研究发现,由上文的"fund" "between 1985 and 2017"以及"increased"可知,此处用一般过去时;空格前主语the gain表单数概念,故填was。
    7. studied
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处主语为"urban men and wmen",谓语为had,"in mre than three quarters f the cuntries (study) "在句中作地点状语," (study)" 作定语修饰前面的名词cuntries,动词study与其之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
    8. sharply
    [解析]考查副词。空格处修饰句子谓语had narrwed,故用副词。
    9. living
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于对生活在乡村的人们的一些不利条件,包括收入和教育水平较低,健康食品的成本较高,体育设施较少。空格处在句中作定语修饰前面的名词peple,且live与peple之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词。
    10. lwer
    [解析]考查形容词比较级。句意参见上题解析。由空格后的"higher""fewer"可知,此处应用lw的比较级。
    解读:本文介绍了体重指数的相关内容。
    Clze 2 [2020新高考卷Ⅰ,15分]
    Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1 wealthy (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big 2 r until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 3 frmed(frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 4 which/that pened in 1759.
    The parts f a museum pen t the public 5 are called (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum's cllectin 6 is (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
    Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟) and imagine 7 themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r8 walking (walk) thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights,sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical 9 accuracy (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete 10 fr peple's spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
    1. wealthy
    [解析]考查形容词。根据空后的名词peple可知,这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。
    2. r
    [解析]考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,until it gt t big和until they died并列,同时结合语境可知,此处表示选择关系,故用并列连词r。
    3. frmed
    [解析]考查一般过去时。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词,同时结合上下文可知,此处的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故填frmed。
    4. which/that
    [解析]考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为the British Museum,故此处用关系代词which/that。
    5. are called
    [解析]考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知,该句主语为The parts f a museum(pen t the public作后置定语),为复数,空处为谓语动词,call与主语之间为被动关系,结合语境可知这里讲述的是有关博物馆的客观事实,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
    6. is
    [解析]考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境及时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时,空处为谓语动词,主语为nly a small part f a museum's cllectin,是单数,故填is。
    7. themselves
    [解析]考查反身代词。此处表示他们想象自己生活在不同的历史时期。此处考查imagine sb. ding sth.结构,空处作imagine的宾语,当主语(visitrs)与宾语是同一人群时,宾语用与主语相对应的反身代词,故填themselves。
    8. walking
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构及关键词r可知,空处与前面的living并列,故填walking。
    9. accuracy
    [解析]考查名词。根据空前的修饰词Histrical及谓语动词is可知,此处应用名词accuracy作主语。
    10. fr
    [解析]考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表达的是"为人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争",cmpete fr"为……竞争",故填介词fr。
    解读:本文介绍了博物馆的相关知识以及现代社会中博物馆的开办情况。
    题组十
    Clze 1 [2020新高考卷Ⅱ,15分]
    These days, it is nt unusual fr 10- t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders 1 t begin (begin) cmputer classes. At the same time, cmputer games are becming increasingly ppular as majr publishing huses cntinue t develp 2 educatinal (educatin) cmputer prgrams fr children in preschl. Als, technlgical knw-hw has becme a 3 requirement (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst 4 prfessins (prfessin).
    The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes 5 that/which aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each vlume in the set explres 6 a wide range f materials, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, 7 and discusses the influences they have n everyday life. Because the number f pssible tpics 8 is (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and tls and explain the basic principles f technlgy. Readers 9 are encuraged (encurage) t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f 10 ur(we) Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
    1. t begin
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"it is +形容词+fr sb.+ t d sth.",所以空处应该填t begin。
    2. educatinal
    [解析]考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空后的名词短语cmputer prgrams,需要用形容词,所以空处应该填educatinal。
    3. requirement
    [解析]考查词形转换。根据空前的a和空后的fr可知,空处需要一个名词,所以填requirement。
    【归纳总结】以-ment结尾的名词小结:
    require→requirement judge→judgement
    achieve→achievement amuse→amusement
    argue→argument(去e) advertise→advertisement
    treat→treatment equip→equipment
    emply→emplyment mve→mvement
    punish→punishment settle→settlement
    4. prfessins
    [解析]考查名词复数。prfessin表示"行业,职业",是一个可数名词,根据空前的mst可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以应该填prfessins。
    5. that/which
    [解析]考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语a set f vlumes,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以关系词用that/which。
    6. a
    [解析]考查冠词。a wide range f为固定表达,意为"广泛的,大范围的",所以空处填a。
    7. and
    [解析]考查连词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词explres, explains和discusses是并列的,所以空处应该填并列连词and。
    8. is
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处时态应该为一般现在时;短语the number f...作主语时,谓语动词应该用单数,所以空处填is。
    9. are encuraged
    [解析]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知,本句需要用一般现在时;再根据句意"读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界"可知,用被动语态;主语Readers为复数,所以填are encuraged。
    10. ur
    [解析]考查人称代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词短语Further Resurces sectin,需要用形容词性物主代词,所以填ur。
    解读:近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化,《数码世界》旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响,帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。
    Clze 2 [2020全国卷Ⅰ,15分]
    China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess — 1 tuched(tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn's far side is 2 extremely(extreme)challenging. Because the mn's bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 3 whereit culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 4 interest(interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山),mre s 5 than the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 6 t find(find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists,"Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it 7 means(mean)we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 8 is cnstructed(cnstruct)."Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw 9 much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 10 its (it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
    1. tuched
    [解析]考查动词时态。句中有时间状语last week, 故用一般过去时。tuch dwn意为"着陆,降落",为不及物动词短语,故不用被动语态。
    2. extremely
    [解析]考查副词。此处应用提示词的副词形式extremely修饰后面的形容词challenging,意为"极其,非常"。
    3. where
    [解析]考查定语从句。先行词是spt,表地点,后跟定语从句,空处在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。
    4. interest
    [解析]考查名词。空处作介词f的宾语,结合提示词可知,空处需填名词interest。"be f+名词"是固定结构,be f particular interest=be particularly interesting。
    【归纳总结】英语中的"be f+名词"结构相当于"be+形容词",描述主语的特征或性质。常用于这个结构的名词有benefit, imprtance, interest, help, use, significance, value等。
    5. than
    [解析]考查介词。本句中含有mre,空后为比较对象,故应填than。
    6. t find
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。use sth. t d sth."使用……来做某事"。故填不定式t find。
    7. means
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处为谓语动词;再根据语境及空后宾语从句的谓语动词have可知,此处应用一般现在时;又主语it为第三人称单数,故填means。
    8. is cnstructed
    [解析]考查被动语态。此处表示月球是如何被构建的,应用被动语态,且此处描述的是客观情况,主语the mn为第三人称单数,故填 is cnstructed。cnstruct vt.建造,构建。
    9. much
    [解析]考查固定用法。ice在此意为"冰",为不可数名词。hw much "多少",修饰不可数名词。
    10. its
    [解析]考查代词。空处修饰其后的名词plans,由提示词it可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its(它的)。
    解读:"嫦娥四号"无人探测器登月成功,自此,中国成为第一个登上月球背面的国家。
    题组十一
    Clze 1 [2020全国卷Ⅱ,15分]
    Decrating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year is a1 celebratin(celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 2 carries(carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3 cming(cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
    These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
    Oranges: Orange trees are mre 4 than decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifts and yu see them many times 5 decrated(decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
    Bamb: Chinese lve their "Lucky Bamb" plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.6 Certainly(certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 7 with health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 8 t care(care) fr and make great presents.
    Branches f Plum Blssms(梅花): The 9 beautiful (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 10 the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
    1. celebratin
    [解析]考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知,此处应用提示词的名词形式;作后置定语,修饰该名词。故填celebratin。
    2. carries
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故填carries。
    【易错点拨】动词如果使用一般现在时,一定要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填carry。
    3. cming
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,the 作谓语动词represent的宾语,且the earth与cme之间为主谓关系,故需用提示词的动名词形式cming。the earth cming back t life表示"大地的复苏",是动名词的复合结构。
    4. than
    [解析]考查固定搭配。橘子树不仅仅是装饰,它们还是好运和财富的象征。mre than在此表示"不仅仅"。
    5. decrated
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。你会经常看到它们被红包和吉祥话装饰着。空前的them指代上文的Orange trees,和decrate之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语,填decrated。
    6. Certainly
    [解析]考查副词。根据句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰整个句子,需要用所给词的副词形式,故填Certainly。注意首字母要大写。
    7. with
    [解析]考查介词。be assciated with...是固定搭配,表示"与……有联系"。
    8. t care
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。它们容易被打理,也适合做成很不错的礼物。"sth./sb. be+adj.(表示"难、易、好、坏等")+t d"为常用结构,此处t d用主动形式表示被动含义。故填t care。
    9. beautiful
    [解析]考查形容词。空处和空后的lng共同修饰名词branches,应用提示词的形容词形式,故填beautiful。
    10. the
    [解析]考查冠词。由空后的序数词first可知,此处填定冠词the。the first t d sth.表示"第一个去做某事的"。
    解读:文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。
    Clze 2 [2020全国卷Ⅲ,15分]
    In ancient China lived an artist 1 whse paintings were almst lifelike. The artist's reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 2 finest(fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld 3 be chsen(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr's chief minister, the ld man laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River — perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
    Filled with 4 curisity(curius), the artist packed his bags and left. 5 When/As he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6 pinted(pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 7 t find(find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved 8 gently(gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds 9 surrunding(surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10 n earth, Mther Nature.
    1. whse
    [解析]考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句,主语an artist为先行词,后接一个定语从句,空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系,作定语,故用关系词whse。
    2. finest
    [解析]考查形容词最高级。结合语境,尤其是空后的"s that he culd chse the best"可推知,皇帝叫来所有杰出的画家应该是要他们展示自己最好的作品,故用fine的最高级形式finest。
    3. be chsen
    [解析]考查被动语态。这位画家确信自己会"被选中"。he与chse之间为被动关系,且空前为助动词wuld,其后应接动词原形,故填be chsen。
    4. curisity
    [解析]考查名词。此处作介词with的宾语,应用提示词的名词形式,故填curisity。
    5. When/As
    [解析]考查状语从句。此处表示当他向河岸边的村民们打听那位传奇画家时,应用when/as(当……时)引导时间状语从句。注意首字母要大写。
    6. pinted
    [解析]考查时态。整个故事发生在过去,且空处与smiled并列作谓语,故用一般过去时。
    7. t find
    [解析]考查动词不定式。set ut t d sth.(怀着目标)开始做某事。
    8. gently
    [解析]考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词mved,应用提示词的副词形式,故填gently。
    9. surrunding
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,sft cluds与surrund之间是主谓关系,此处考查see sth. ding结构,surrunding the muntain tps作宾补。空前由and连接的the mists rising frm the river也有暗示。
    10. n
    [解析]考查固定搭配。n earth世上。
    解读:本文讲述了一位中国古代画家找寻最伟大的艺术大师"自然母亲"的故事。
    题组十二
    Clze 1 [2020浙江,15分]
    Sme time after 10000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 1 in, thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n 2 what culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
    Farming prduced mre fd per persn 3 than hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children. And, as mre children were brn, mre fd 4 was needed(need).Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 5 t change(change) lives.
    By abut 6000 BC, peple 6 had discvered(discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later, they learned t wrk with the 7 seasns(seasn), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8 making(make) use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
    This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then, with 9 the rise f science, changes began. New methds 10 meant(mean) that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
    1. in
    [解析]考查介词。分析句子结构可知,they lived 是定语从句(省略了引导词),修饰其前的wrld。live和wrld搭配时,用介词in,故此处填in。
    2. what
    [解析]考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的从句作n的宾语,空处在从句中作主语,且表示"……的事物",故填what。
    3. than
    [解析]考查介词。根据上文的mre fd可知,此处是把farming和hunting and gathering进行比较,故填than。
    4. was needed
    [解析]考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意"出生的孩子越多,需要的粮食也就越多"可知,mre fd与need之间为被动关系,fd为不可数名词,且文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填was needed。
    5. t change
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。农业使人们第一次体验到了科技改变生活的力量。此处考查了the pwer t d sth.结构,不定式作后置定语,修饰pwer。
    6. had discvered
    [解析]考查动词的时态。根据时间状语By abut 6000 BC可知,此处表示"过去的过去",应用过去完成时,故填had discvered。
    7. seasns
    [解析]考查名词的数。后来,他们学着随季节的变更劳作。一年有四季,此处应用复数形式,故填seasns。
    8. making
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。该句中已有谓语动词learned,planting... use 作状语,主语they与make use f之间是主谓关系,结合并列连词and连接的planting可知,此处填making。
    9. the
    [解析]考查冠词。此处表示"科学的兴起",故填定冠词the,表示特指。
    10. meant
    [解析]考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知,New methds与mean之间是主动关系,且此处讲述的是过去的情况,故用一般过去时,填meant。
    解读:文章主要介绍了人类农业的发展。
    Clze 2 [2020浙江1月,15分]
    Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin — it is aging. The median(中间的)age f an American in 1950 1 was (be)30 — tday it is 41 and is expected 2 t increase (increase)t 42 by 2050. Fr Japan,the 3 numbers(number)are mre striking — 22 in 1950,46 tday and 53 in 2050. In 2015,ne in 12 peple arund the wrld were ver 65;by 2050,it will be ne in six.
    This aging f the ppulatin is driven 4 by tw factrs. The first is declining birth rates,which means ld generatins are larger 5 cmpared (cmpare)t yunger generatins,and s, n average,the ppulatin becmes 6 lder (ld)than befre. This is 7 particularly (particular)true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger. A child brn in the US tday has 8 a very realistic chance f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
    Peple tend t fcus n the first factr. Hwever,greater attentin shuld 9 be placed (place)n lngevity(长寿). It isn't just that peple are,n average,living lnger. It's als that they are n average healthier 10 and mre prductive fr lnger. Therefre,they can wrk lnger,cnsume mre and in general be a bst t the ecnmy.
    1. was
    [解析]考查主谓一致和动词的时态。1950年美国人的中位年龄是30岁。根据空前的时间状语in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为"The median(中间的) age f an American",为单数,故填was。
    2. t increase
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语 d sth.的变形: expected t d sth.,表示"……被期望做某事"。
    3. numbers
    [解析]考查名词的数。在日本,数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,现在是46岁,而2050年是53岁。此处应用numbers指代空后的22,46,53这三个数字,且根据空后的are也可知主语应用复数形式。
    4. by
    [解析]考查介词。这种人口老龄化是由两个因素推动的。该句用了被动语态,动作的执行者由by引出,表示"由,被"。
    5. cmpared
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。第一是不断下降的出生率,这意味着与年轻一代相比,老一代人更多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。此处ld generatins与cmpare之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词短语作状语,故填cmpared。
    6. lder
    [解析]考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than befre可知,此处应用形容词的比较级。
    7. particularly
    [解析]考查副词。在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
    8. a
    [解析]考查冠词。如今在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的可能会活到100岁以上。have a(n) f意为"有……可能……",且very的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
    9. be placed
    [解析]考查动词的语态。然而,更多的关注应被放在长寿上。本句中主语greater attentin与动词place为被动关系,且情态动词shuld后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
    10. and
    [解析]考查连词。空处连接两个并列成分healthier和mre prductive,表示两者兼有,应用并列连词and。
    解读:本文阐述了世界人口正面临的老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
    题组十三
    Clze 1 [2019全国卷Ⅰ,15分]
    The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence 1 that they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 2 prly (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000—25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
    Mdern methds 3 f/fr tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 5 have reprted (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a 6 belief(believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by 7 nting (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating (聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin (错觉) that ppulatins are 8 higher (high) than they actually are. Of 9 the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six 10 are (be)stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
    1. that
    [解析]考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句,解释了名词evidence"证据"的具体内容,空处在从句中不充当成分,也无意义,故本空填连接代词that。
    2. prly
    [解析]考查副词。应用副词prly"不足地"修饰动词studied。
    3. f/fr
    [解析]考查介词。名词methd后接介词f/fr,表示"……的方法"。
    4. t perfrm
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。本句含有"Sth.+be+adj.+不定式"结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意:仅仅从20世纪80年代中期开始,人们才使用现代的方法来追踪北极熊的数量,这些方法大面积连续执行起来很昂贵。
    5. have reprted
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用,主语sme Inuit peple为复数意义,因此本空填have reprted。
    【归纳总结】 常与现在完成时连用的词(组)有:just, already, ever, never, yet, lately, recently, in recent years, ever since, fr a lng time, up t nw, s far, in the last few years/weeks/mnths等。
    6. belief
    [解析]考查名词。根据空前的a可知,短语leading t后接的是名词作宾语,故本空填belief"信念"。
    【归纳总结】 -ve结尾的动词变名词时,常把-ve变为-f。如:relieve v.解除,减轻→relief n.宽慰,轻松,解脱。
    7. nting
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用动词-ing作宾语,故本空填nting。
    8. higher
    [解析]考查比较级。根据空后的连词than可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空应填higher。
    9. the
    [解析]考查冠词。根据语境以及后文内容可知,本空应填定冠词the,表示特指。
    10. are
    [解析]考查时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的are,is,lack可知,此处应用一般现在时,本句的主语six表示复数意义,故本空应填are。
    解读:本文是说明文,文章介绍了北极熊的分布区域及北极熊数量的变化情况。
    Clze 2 [2019全国卷Ⅱ,15分]
    A 90-year-ld has been awarded "Wman Of The Year" fr 1 being(be) Britain's ldest full-time emplyee — still wrking 40 hurs a week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, 2 whichshe pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have 3 finally (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名) her t be Cheshire's Wman Of The Year.
    Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, prud Irene 4 declared(declare) she had n plans5 t retire (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said, "I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 have made(make)ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t,7 but because I want t."
    Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — wh wrks alngside her in the family business — said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said, "We dn't have any idea wh put grandma frward. When we gt a call 8 saying(say) she was shrt-listed, we thught it was 9 a jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It's 10 wnderful(wnder)."
    1. being
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。介词fr后应该用动词-ing形式,故填being。
    2. which
    [解析]考查关系代词。先行词是the pet shp,非限制性定语从句中缺宾语,故填which。
    【易错点拨】 由于先行词the pet shp是地点名词,所以有些考生会错填where。如果填where的话,where在定语从句中应该作地点状语。如:He pened a pet shp, where the neighbrs bught pets.
    3. finally
    [解析]考查词形转换。修饰动词应该用副词,故填finally。
    4. declared
    [解析]考查动词的时态。陈述过去发生的事要用一般过去时,故填declared。
    5. t retire
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语,故填t retire。
    6. have made
    [解析]考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语ver the years可知,从句时态应为现在完成时,故填have made。
    7. but
    [解析]考查并列连词。意为"不是……而是……"。
    8. saying
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。此处该用现在分词作后置定语,故填saying。
    9. a
    [解析]考查冠词。此处表示"我们以为那是一个玩笑",为泛指,且jke的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
    10. wnderful
    [解析]考查词形转换。此处该用形容词作表语,故填wnderful。
    解读:本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因每周仍然坚持工作而获得"年度女性"奖的故事。
    【熟词新义】 late常用义:adj.& adv.迟,晚 本文义:adj. 已故的
    题组十四
    Clze 1 [2019全国卷Ⅲ,15分]
    On ur way t the huse, it was raining 1 s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take 2 t get(get) there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
    We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 f dgs, seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 wh/that had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and 5 recmmended(recmmend) wnderful places t eat, shp, and visit. Fr breakfast, we were able t eat papaya(木瓜) and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
    When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting 6 cmpetitin(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many 7 traditinal(traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were 8 hugely(huge) ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we 9 were invited(invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,10 listening(listen) t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
    1. s
    [解析]考查固定结构。此处表示"雨下得很大,我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里"。"如此……以至于……"。
    【易错点拨】 考生易受空格后hard的影响,误填very。阅读过程中应注重对语境的整体理解。
    2. t get
    [解析]考查动词不定式。此处考查"it takes sb. sme time t d sth."这一句型,表示"花某人多长时间做某事"。
    3. f
    [解析]考查介词。a pack f是固定用法,意为"一群……"。
    4. wh/that
    [解析]考查定语从句。先行词是their masters,指人,且关系代词在从句中作主语,故用wh/that。
    5. recmmended
    [解析]考查时态。根据句中的"shared"可知,此处应用一般过去时。
    6. cmpetitin
    [解析]考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知,此处应填名词单数形式,表示"一个有趣的比赛"。
    7. traditinal
    [解析]考查词形转换。修饰名词stries应用形容词。
    8. hugely
    [解析]考查副词。修饰形容词ppular应用副词hugely。
    9. were invited
    [解析]考查时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情,此处应为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。
    10. listening
    [解析]考查现在分词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。
    解读:本文讲述了作者在夏威夷游历时的一段经历。
    Clze 2 [2019浙江,15分]
    There are several reasns why schl unifrms are a gd idea. First f all, unifrms help the schl lk smart. The students feel that they belng t a particular grup. When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy 1 has/will have(have) t wrry abut fashin (时尚).Everybdy wears 2 the same style f clthes. Unifrms can be useful in unexpected ways. A schl in Ireland has intrduced an interesting new unifrm. On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth 3 that/which gives ff light in the dark. When the children are walking r 4 cycling (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings, car drivers can 5 easily (easy) see them.
    But can unifrms help imprve schl standards? The answer 6 t this questin is nt clear. One study in America fund that students' grades 7 imprved (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. But sme students didn't want 8 t wear (wear) the unifrm. Other American studies shwed n 9 cnnectin/cnnectins (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
    Schl unifrms are 10 traditinal (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them. Sme very gd schls dn't have a unifrm plicy. Hwever, unifrms are still ppular. Pupils at abut 90 percent f British secndary schls wear unifrms.
    1. has/will have
    [解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处用一般现在时描述一般情况,分析句子结构可知,主语是nbdy,所以谓语动词用has;也可理解为When引导的时间状语从句中的谓语用一般现在时表将来,主句应用一般将来时,故可填will have。
    2. the
    [解析]考查冠词。 根据语境和same可知,此处用the表示特指,表示"同样款式的衣服"。
    3. that/which
    [解析]考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a piece f clth,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。
    4. cycling
    [解析]考查现在分词。 根据walking和r可知,此处要用现在分词与walking并列,故填cycling。
    5. easily
    [解析]考查副词。 此处要用easy的副词形式来修饰动词,故填easily。
    6. t
    [解析]考查介词。the answer t the questin为固定用法,表示"问题的答案",故用介词t。
    7. imprved
    [解析]考查谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知,此处that引导宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据主句谓语动词fund和时间状语从句中的intrduced可知,此处也应用一般过去时,故填imprved。
    8. t wear
    [解析]考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知,此处为不定式作want的宾语,故用t wear。
    9. cnnectin/cnnectins
    [解析]考查名词。 根据n可知,要用cnnect的名词形式,cnnectin表示"联系,关联",为可数名词,空前为n,故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
    10. traditinal
    [解析]考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知,空处作表语,所以要用traditin的形容词形式traditinal,表示"传统的"。
    解读:本文介绍了穿校服的好处。
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