第03讲 代词与介词-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
代词与介词
第一部分 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
【知识拓展】①形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词。如:Our teacher is a yung wman.
②名词性物主代词应独立使用,后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如:Her English is better than mine.(mine=my English)
【基础练习】根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.—What’s happiness?
—____________ (它) is a state f mind.
2.____________(他们) are my students.
3.My schlbag is green.____________(你的) is blue.
4.____________(我们的) English teacher is Miss Chen.
5.Let me intrduce ____________ (我自己).
二、指示代词
1.指示代词的含义与用法
2.it, ne与that作指示代词的区别
【基础练习】选词填空
it,ne,that
1.—The cmputers are n sale tday.
—Really?Let’s g and buy ____________.
2.I lst my pen and I culdn’t find ____________ anywhere.
3.The ppulatin f Beijing is larger than ____________ f Qingda.
三、表示“一些、许多”的不定代词(词组)的用法
不定代词(词组)的用法
【基础练习】Ⅰ.用many/much填空
1.____________ bys in ur class like playing basketball.
2.There is t ____________ juice in the fridge.S yu dn’t need t buy.
Ⅱ.选词填空
a few,few,little,a little
1.I’m new here.S I have ____________ friends here.
2.I want t eat chicken fr lunch.But there is ____________ chicken at hme.
3.—Can yu speak French?
—Yes, but just ____________.
4.Let’s buy ____________ apples.
四、复合不定代词
【拓展】①形容词或 else修饰复合不定代词时,要放在后面。
I have nthing imprtant t tell yu.
我没有什么重要的事情告诉你。
②复合不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。但不能作定语。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
Smething is wrng with yur bike.你的自行车有毛病。
【基础演练】根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.Is ____________(每个人) here?
2.____________(任何人) can’t take a bk ut f the library.
3.There’s ____________(没有东西) in the bx.
4.There is ____________(一些有趣的东西) in tday’s newspaper.
5.I have ____________(没有什么) else t say.
【真题演练】
单项选择
1.(2023·天津中考) ______teacher talked t ______abut the stries f the Silk Rad.
A.Our; usB.Our; we
C.Ours; usD.Ours; we
2.(2023·白银、临夏州中考)That’s______.That’s the man I was talking abut.
A.meB.herC.himD.it
3.(2023·岳阳中考) Believe in ______and yu can vercme yur shyness.
A.yuB.yurC.yurself
4.(2023·连云港中考) Yur schl library lks as mdern as ______.Can yu shw me arund?
A.weB.usC.urD.urs
5.(2023·扬州中考) The children have painted since______culd first pick up a brush.
A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves
6.(2023·滨州中考)—Chinese chess player Ding Liren has dne ______he can in chess and has put all that he has int the games.
—Yes,and he has becme chess wrld champin (冠军) recently.
A.everythingB.nthing
C.smethingD.nne
7.(2023·绥化中考)—What are______, d yu knw?
—I think they are smart watches.
A.ItB.thisC.thse
8.(2022·遂宁中考)—I’d like t rder smething t drink.What wuld yu like, cffee r cla?
—______.Milk is OK.
A.BthB.NeitherC.AllD.Either
第二部分 介词
一、方位介词
1.acrss, ver与thrugh,“穿越”有别
【拓展记忆】
2.amng与between,“在……之间”的数量不同
【拓展记忆】
3.in, n与t的“位置”不同
【拓展记忆】
4.表示“附近”的beside/by、near和next t
【特别记忆】
上述几个词(短语)从近到一般近到最近的顺序为:near >beside/by> next t
5.表示“进进出出”的int、nt、ut f和ff
【拓展记忆】
【基础演练】
Ⅰ.选词填空
acrss, thrugh, ver
1.D yu think light can pass ____________ water?
2.The thief ran away ____________ the wall.
3.Grandma Wang is walking ____________ the street.
Ⅱ.用between/amng填空
1.There is a small huse ____________ the trees.
2.I sits ____________ Jack and Jim in the classrm.
Ⅲ.用t、in或n填空
1.There is a big tree ____________ the tp f the muntain.
2.Hebei Prvince is ____________ the nrthwest f Shandng Prvince.
3.The team stayed ____________ space fr six mnths.
4.We’ll stay ____________ Beijing fr a week.
5.All rads lead ____________ Rme.
6.Shanghai is ____________ the east f Nanjing.
Ⅳ.根据汉语完成句子
1.加油站不应该紧挨着居民楼。
Gas statins shuld nt be ____________/____________ residential buildings.
2.邮局在医院附近。
The pst ffice is ____________ the hspital.
3.我家旁边有一个小公园。我每天都去那里。
There’s a small park ____________ my huse. I g there every day.
Ⅴ.选词填空
nt, ff, ut f, int
1.We can get ____________ at the next stp.
2.Please cme ____________ the classrm, Jack. Smene is waiting fr yu ver there.
3.Mr Smith came ____________ the classrm and began his class.
4.The cat jumped ____________ the sfa and lay there.
6.表示“沿着,向……”的frm、twards、alng/up/dwn和arund/rund
【拓展记忆】
【基础演练】用frm、twards、alng/up/dwn或arund/rund填空
1.The earth ges ____________ the sun.
2.My new deskmate, Jack, is ____________ Paris.
3.Bb drve ____________ the nrth.
4.Walk ____________ Green Street until yu see the pst ffice and then turn left.
二、时间介词
【基础演练】用at、in、n、fr、since填空
1.Jim was brn ____________ August 23rd, 2012.
2.Sam has been like this ____________ three days.
3.Dick has been in China ____________ 2021.
4.Grandma Wang usually gets up ____________ six ’clck.
5.It’s warm and windy in my hmetwn ____________ spring.
三、方式介词
【基础演练】用恰当的介词填空
1.Can yu sing Happy Birthday ____________ Chinese?
2.He ften watches the mvies ____________ the Internet.
3.Maria lives far frm her schl. S she usually ges t schl ____________ bus.
4.Cut it ____________ a knife.
四、其他介词
【基础演练】选词填空
with, as, besides, fr, except, withut
1.All the students went hme ____________ Tny because he didn’t finish his hmewrk.
2.The wman ____________ tw children was Mrs Green.
3.Simn gt up late this mrning. He hurried t schl ____________ breakfast.
4.____________ Jhn, we als went t Hngxing Farm.
5.Here’s a birthday gift ____________ yu, Bb.
6.He wrks in this cmpany ____________ a secretary.
五、 介词短语与固定搭配
1.介词与名词的搭配
at hme在家 at present目前
at times有时at the end f在……结束时
after schl放学后 by the way顺便问一下
by mistake错误地 fr example例如
in danger处于危险之中in fact事实上
in truble处于麻烦中
2.介词与动词的搭配
agree with同意 arrive at/in 到达……
cme frm来自depend n 依靠
用……装满……get n/ff上/下车
listen t听 hear frm 收到……的来信
laugh at嘲笑lk fr寻找
play with与……玩耍 thanks t幸亏
talk abut谈论…… wrry abut 担心……
比……更喜欢…… wait fr等待
3.介词与形容词的搭配
be afraid f害怕 be busy with 忙于……
be gd at擅长……be full f充满……的
be prud f为……而自豪be famus fr因……而著名
be different frm与……不同be surprised at对……感到惊讶
be interested in对……感兴趣
4.固定搭配
as fr至于at last最后
at least至少plenty f大量
fr the first time首次frm nw n 从现在开始
【基础演练】根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.Mark is ____________ ____________(处于麻烦中). Let’s g and help him.
2.Dn’t ____________ ____________(嘲笑) the disabled. It’s rude.
3.Yu needn’t ____________ ____________(担心) Sam. He can lk after himself.
4.Shandng Prvince ____________ ____________ ____________(因……闻名) Munt Tai.
5.Many children ____________ ____________ ____________(对……感兴趣)blind bxes.
6.Teenagers need t sleep ____________ ____________(至少) eight hurs a night.
【真题演练】
单项选择
1.(2023·云南中考)—Hi,Mike.When is the Space Day f China?
—It falls______April 24 every year.
A.at B.in C.n D.fr
2.(2022·贺州中考)______ my pinin, we shuld be prud f ur cuntry.
A.FrB.AtC.InD.Of
3.(2023·白银、临夏州中考)The cat in Picture ______is n the bx.
4.(2023·遂宁中考) Lk!The traffic light is green.We can g______the rad nw.
A.acrssB.abveC.belwD.against
5.(2023·安徽中考) D whatever yu can fr the cmmunity, ______lking after the ld r teaching kids art.
A.withB.underC.likeD.ver
6.(2023·连云港中考) The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed______disabled peple t play music with eyes.
A.in B.asC.frD.ver
7.(2023·河北中考) Many thanks ______yur gift.I lve it.
A.in B.fC.frD.with
8.(2023·武汉中考) Please bring Ms Steen t the welcme party ______telling her s that she can be surprised.
A.abutB.frmC.withutD.fr
9.(2023·扬州中考) We need t tell peple t just d ne small thing well______100 things prly.
A.as well asB.instead f
C.accrding tD.because f
10.(2023·滨州中考)—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass f range juice.What abut yu,Betty?
—I prefer a cup f tea______ nthing in it.
A.t B.fr C.with D.withut
11.(2023·福建中考) The ty is ______my little brther.I bught it yesterday.
A.fr B.frm C.by
12.(2023·龙东中考)It is implite t speak ludly ______.
A.in danger B.in public C.in persn
第三部分 综合演练
一、单项选择
1. —Where is Tm?
—He is playing ftball ___________ the playgrund.
A. fB. tC. nD. frm
2. -Wuld yu like ____ t eat? - N， thanks.
A. smething else
B. anything else
C. else smething
3. — ______ there ______ students in the classrm?
— Yes. They’re having a gegraphy class.
A. Is, smeB. Is, anyC. Are, smeD. Are, any
4. —Ww! Yur watch lks very nice and new.
—Thank yu. Actually I have kept ________ fr ne mnth.
A. itB. neC. theyD. that
5. Betty has gt ________ milk.
A. anyB. smeC. a fewD. few
6. In rder t keep healthy, we shuld have as ________ junk fd as pssible.
A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few
7. __________ f my parents went t have the picnic with us because __________ f them were very busy last Sunday afternn.
A. Nne；bthB. Neither；eachC. Neither；bthD. Bth；neither
8. My mther’ s birthday is cming. I want t buy ________ a gift.
A. herB. heC. himD. she
9. Tday, there are still a lt f peple wh prefer t _________ the Huangpu River_________ ferries.
A. acrss; nB. crss; nC. crss; byD. acrss; by
10. — Wh are these?
— .
A. They are my friendsB. He is my friendsC. Thse are my friendsD. These are my friends
11. —________ d yu think f after-schl activities?
—I think ________ is imprtant fr children t jin them.
A. What; itB. Hw; itC. What; thatD. Hw; that
12. —Lk ver there (那边) .What’s __________ ?
—Oh, it’s a dictinary.
A. thisB. thatC. theseD. thse
13. ________ f the children likes the bk because it’s t bring.
A. AllB. EachC. NneD. Sme
14. The little girl is______ mre beautiful ______ her sister.
A. a lt, thanB. a lt, t
C. very, thanD. very, t
15. _____ have little ice. Can yu bring _____ sme?
A. We; usB. We; urC. Our; usD. Us; ur
16. We are in a class like a big family and we shuld help ________.
A. thersB. antherC. the therD. each ther
17. —D yu like the red hat? —N, I like the yellw ________.
A. neB. thisC. itD. That
18. —Hi, Rse. Can yu lend me yur English dictinary? I’ve left ________ at hme.
—Sure. Here yu are!
A. myB. myselfC. mineD. me
19. It ________ me an hur t g t schl by car. There was much traffic.
A. spentB. tkC. will takeD. takes
20. Kate is a nice persn. I really like ________ .
A. heB. himC. sheD. her
21. English is t difficult fr me. I want t ________.
A. give up itB. give it upC. give them upD. give up them
22. David went t buy sme statinery suvenirs（纪念品） my cusin.
A. fr; frB. as; asC. fr; asD. as; fr
23. The Lis met a neighbur f _____ n their way t the cuntryside.
A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs
24. —Are thse bks ________?
—N, they are nt mine. They belng t ________.
A. yur; heB. yurs; herC. yur; hersD. yurs; she
25. There is ging t be an English mvie in ur schl __________ the evening f June 30.
A. atB. inC. frD. n
26. —Excuse me .I want t buy sme stamps. Where can I find a pst ffice?
----I knw _______nt far frm here. Yu can easily find ________.
A. that; itB. it; neC. ne; it
27. —________ is my friend, Dale.
—Nice t meet yu.
A. ThseB. TheseC. ThisD. It
28. His truble is that he always makes mistakes _____ spelling English wrds.
A. nB. withC. inD. by
29. -- Why didn’t yu g t see the film yesterday?
-- Because it was ____________.
A. anything interestingB. smething interestingC. nthing interesting
30. Let’s visit the sick children in the hspital t cheer ________ up.
A. themB. himC. herD. us
31. The infrmatin n the Internet gets arund much mre rapidly than in the newspaper.
A. neB. itC. thatD. thse
32. Of the three freign friends, ne is frm Lndn, ________ tw are frm New Yrk.
A. therB. the therC. thersD. the thers
33. Let’s meet ________ 4 ’clck ________ Sunday afternn.
A. at; inB. in; inC. at; nD. in; n
34. —Is yur friend Michael still in Australia?
—I dn’t knw. I have ________ infrmatin abut him.
A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few
35. -______her name Jane? -N,_____isn’t.
A. Is;sheB. Are;herC. Is;itD. Are;it
36. ﹣﹣ What did yu d Saturday evening？
﹣﹣ I went fr a walk with my mther.
A. inB. atC. nD. frm
37. —Hw nice the fish tastes! Culd yu tell me wh taught yu t ck it?
--T be hnest, I learned it _______ watching TV.
A. byB. nC. in
38. My father ges t wrk ________ every day.
A. by bikeB. n bikeC. in these bikeD. ride bikes
39. The Spring Festival, a traditinal Chinese festival, is celebrated in ______ Asian cuntries.
A. many therB. any ther
C. ther manyD. ther any
40. All the students went t the park yesterday ________ Eric. He had t lk after his sister at hme.
A. besideB. exceptC. besidesD. with
41. ----Li Ming, yu gt a very gd grade. Hw d yu learn English s well?
----______ reading English bks.
A. withB. frC. byD. in
42. Can yu help the by ________ math?
A. withB. frC. tD. d
43. —Everyne will g t the party ________ yu.
—I prefer ________ at hme rather than g t the party.
A. besides; stayingB. expect; stayingC. with; t stayD. except; t stay
44. I find flr-cleaning rbts helpful, s I plan t buy ________ fr my grandma.
A. itB. neC. thisD. that
45. __________ are my parents, and __________ is my brther.
A. This; thisB. These; thseC. This; thseD. These; that
46. —This bk n animals is interesting. I’d like ________. Where did yu buy it, Simn?
—In the bkshp near my schl.
A. itB. thisC. thatD. ne
47. Mark, dn’t play cmputer games. Let’s d ________.
A. smething usefulB. useful smethingC. anything useful
48. —Did yu d ________ last Sunday?
—N, I just stayed at hme.
A. special smethingB. smething specialC. special anythingD. anything special
49. Henan Nrmal University is _______ ur schl.
A. crssB. acrssC. acrss frmD. far away
50. My family and I like watching TV ________ Friday evening.
A. inB. nC. at
二、单词拼写
51. —Excuse me. Culd yu tell me where the twins are?
—They are talking t a friend f in the meeting rm. (they)
52. This bk is nt (my). It’s Li Ming’s.
53. Danny Bwman is crazy abut taking phts f (he).
54. Teenagers shuld depend n rather than their parents. (they)
55. Lk at that by n the playgrund. (him) is my cusin Daniel.
56. （2019•云南）—Wh helped little Tny tidy up the sitting rm just nw？
—Nbdy， he did it all by . （he）
57. Yu will be angry with (yu) when yu see s many mistakes n yur papers, bys.
58. (smething) can stp us frm wrking fr ur cuntry. We are prud f ur cuntry.
59. “This is it!” the by said t (he).
60. Fr children, it’s imprtant t learn t prtect (they).
61. — Wh is it in this picture? — It’s ( I ).
62. Smking is a danger t ur (healthy). It’s nt cl at all. Please stp smking.
63. Jennifer Anistn is a really gd actress. I like (she) a lt.
64. I’m sure the girl will be able t take care f (her) when she studies abrad.
65. I have tw cusins. (they) mther is my aunt.项目
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
第一
人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二
人称
单数
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
复数
yu
yu
yur
yurs
yurselves
第三
人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
单数
复数
用法1
用法2
this这个
these这些
近指:This is my bk.
指下文将要提及的事。如: Please remember this: “N pain,n gain.”
that那个
thse那些
远指:That is her bike.
指前面刚刚提过的事。如:He was ill.That was why he didn’t g t schl.
it
特指上下文提到的同类同物
ne
泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个
that
常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的单数或不可数名词,以避免重复
用法
词或词组
例句
只修饰可数名词
many
Many students are reading English.
a great/large number f
A great number f students are planting trees ver there.
a few
Dn’t wrry.There’re a few minutes left.
few
There’re few minutes left.Hurry up!
只修饰不可数名词
much
He hasn’t gt much time t g ver his lessns.
a little
Dn’t wrry.I have a little mney here.
little
There is little salt in the bag.Yu’d better buy sme.
a bit f
Why dn’t men d a bit f husewrk?
可数名词、不可数名词都修饰
sme
I have sme paper.I als have sme bks.
any
He desn’t have any ink.He desn’t have any pens, either.
a lt f = lts f
She has a lt f mney.She als has lts f friends here.
指人
指物
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
通用
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
通用
smene
smebdy
anyne
anybdy
everyne
everybdy
nbdy
n ne
smething
anything
everything
nthing
介 词
用 法
acrss
强调从某个平面的一边到另一边“横过;穿过”
ver
侧重越过某种障碍物,如“越过”山脉、墙等
thrugh
指从某个立体空间内“穿过;通过”
介 词
用 法
amng
一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……之间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词
between
一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。若指三个或三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between
介 词
用 法
举 例
in
表示“在……范围之内”
We had a day ut in the cuntry.
表示两者是“包含”关系
Japan is in the east f Asia.
n
表示“在……(表面)上”
There is a bk n the desk.
表示两者是“相切”关系
The Demcratic Peple’s Republic f Krea is n the nrtheast f China.
t
表示“到/向……”
This rad leads t Lndn.
表示两者是“相离”关系
Japan is t the east f China.
介词(短语)
用 法
举 例
beside/by
表示“在……旁边”,指较近的距离
He std beside the entrance.
The telephne is by the windw.
near
表示“在……附近”,指较近的距离,但一般比beside/by所指的距离远
My huse is near the railway statin.
next t
表示“靠近,紧挨着,贴近”,它所指的距离最近
Our huse is next t the pst ffice.
介词(短语)
用 法
举 例
int
表示“到……里”
Tears came int her eyes.
nt
“到……上面”,表示某物向另一物的运动
He jumped nt the hrse and left here quickly.
ut f
表示“向……外;在……外”
Smething must have fallen ut f the bag.
ff
表示“脱离某一地方”
He tk his feet ff the desk.
介 词
用 法
举 例
frm
表示“从,自”
Suth America separated frm Africa 200 millin years ag.
twards
“朝,对,向”,可以说明动作或静止的状态
The huses face twards the suth.
alng/up/
dwn
“沿着;顺着”
I saw him running alng/up/dwn the rad.
arund/
rund
“围绕着”,表示动作
They sat arund/rund the fire.
介词
用 法
举 例
at
用来表示在某一具体时刻或用在固定搭配中
at six ’clck;at nn
in
泛指一般意义的上午、下午、晚上
in the mrning
在某月、某季节、某年等
in April;in spring;in 2021
表示在将来一段时间之后
in tw days
n
后面所接的时间多与具体的日期有关
n May 1st;n Saturday
by
表示“到……为止”
by ten ’clck
fr
后接一段时间,表示“(延续)……之久”
We will stay in the city fr tw days.
during
意为“在……期间”
He stays in Beijing during the summer.
since
“自从……以来”,后接“时间点”
I have been here since 1976.
介词
意义或用法
举 例
by
by+表示交通工具的名词,意为“乘,坐”,表示交通方式
He ges t schl by subway.
by+v.-ing形式,表示“通过……方式”
I learn English by reading.
in
in+语言类名词, 表示“用……语言”
The nvel is written in English.
n
n+radi/TV等表示“通过收音机/电视等方式”
He likes t watch sccer games n TV.
with
表示“用”某种工具、身体的某一部分或器官
We see with ur eyes and listen with ur ears.
介词
意义或用法
举 例
as
意为“作为;以……的身份”,后常接表示职业、职务的名词
As a student, yu shuld study hard.
except
表示“除……之外”,从整体中除去一部分,含有“减”的意思
We are all here except Jim because he is ill.
besides
表示“除……之外(还有)”,含有“加”的意思
We’ll all visit the museum besides Jim.
with
表示伴随,意为“和……一起”
He ften plays sccer with his friends.
表示“具有;带有”
The Smiths live in a big huse with a small garden.
withut
表示“无;没有”
We can’t live withut water.
fr
表示对象、用途等,意为“给;对;供”
It’s a bk fr children.
表示目的,意为“为了”
Let’s g fr a walk.