第08讲 动词的时态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
动词的时态
第一部分 核心知识
一、一般现在时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
2. 句型结构
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+其他.
Jim’s father is a teacher. 吉姆的爸爸是一位老师。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词+其他.
Linda ften plays vlleyball. 琳达经常打排球。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+am/is/are+nt+其他.
Jack isn’t my friend. 杰克不是我的朋友。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+d/des+nt+动词原形+其他.
She desn’t have a dictinary. 她没有词典。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Be+主语+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be. 否定回答:N, 主语+be + nt.
—Is Jim yur classmate?吉姆是你的同学吗?
—Yes, he is. 是的,他是。/N, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
②句子中含有实义动词:Des/D+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+d/des.
否定回答:N, 主语+d/des nt.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
What clr d yu like best?
你最喜欢什么颜色?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Linda ____________(be) my cusin.
2. They ____________(be) dctrs.
3. My parents always ____________(walk) hand in hand.
4. Light ____________(travel) faster than sund.
5. If Mark ____________ (g) t Beijing, he’ll call me.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The girl is a student. (改为否定句)
The girl ____________ a student.
2. They are Americans. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—____________ ____________ Americans?
—____________, ____________ ____________.
3. Jim rides a bike t schl every day. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ Jim ____________ a bike t schl every day?
—____________, ____________ ____________.
4. He’s a bus driver. (对画线部分提问)
____________ ____________ he?
二、一般过去时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were +其他.
Jack was in Nanjing tw years ag. 杰克两年前在南京。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+动词的过去式+其他.
He brrwed tw bks last Friday. 他上周五借了两本书。
(2)否定句:
①句子中含有be动词:主语+was/were + nt+其他.
He wasn’t a pliceman five years ag. 五年前他不是一名警察。
②句子中含有实义动词:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.
I didn’t eat fish when I was yung. 我小时候不吃鱼。
(3)一般疑问句:
①句子中含有be动词:Was/Were+主语+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:N, 主语+was/were+ nt.
—Was she in the library just nw? 她刚才在图书馆吗?
—Yes, she was. 是的,她在。/N, she wasn’t. 不,她不在。
②句子中含有实义动词:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:N, 主语+didn’t.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where did Jack g this mrning? 杰克今天早上去哪里了?
When were yu brn? 你是什么时候出生的?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. He put n his cat and ____________(g) ut.
2. I ____________(miss) the first bus this mrning.
3. He ____________(write) a letter t his pen friend last night.
4. They ____________ (help)us a lt when we were in Beijing.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成句子,每空一词
1. 两年前他不在北京。
He ____________ in Beijing tw years ag.
2. 她上周没有参加运动会。
She ____________ ____________ part in the sprts meeting last week.
3. ——他出生在中国吗?
——不,他不是。
—____________ he brn in China?
—____________,____________ ____________.
4. 他昨天为什么没去上学?
Why ____________ he ____________ t schl yesterday?
三、现在进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
【提示】
(1)表示位置移动的动词。如:cme、g、arrive、leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如:Be careful!The train is cming. 小心!火车就要来了。
(2)若一个句子以lk、listen等祈使语气的动词开头,常用进行时。如:Listen! The bys are reading English. 听!那些男孩在读英语。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他.
They are dancing in the park. 他们正在公园里跳舞。
(2)否定句:主语+am/is/are + nt+现在分词+其他.
Jim isn’t ding his hmewrk nw. 吉姆现在没在做作业。
(3)一般疑问句:Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:N, 主语+am/is/are+nt.
—Is she ding her hmewrk? 她正在做作业吗?
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在做作业。/N, she isn’t. 不,她没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
What are yu ding? 你正在做什么?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Listen! Smene ____________(play) the pian.
2. Lk! Sme students ____________(plant) trees n the hill.
3. These days Jack ____________(learn) t drive.
4. Mr Lee is always ____________(help) thers wh are in truble.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. Jack is watching TV. (改为否定句)
Jack ____________ watching TV.
2. They are ding their hmewrk in the classrm. (对画线部分提问)
____________ are they ____________ in the classrm?
四、过去进行时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
【巧记】过去进行时用法歌诀
过去进行最好记, was/were加ding;
特定时间有暗示,过去某刻某时段;
肯定句式变疑问,be须提至主语前;
否定句式更简单,be后仅把nt添。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+was/were + nt +现在分词+其他.
He wasn’t running at that time. 他那时没在跑步。
(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:N, 主语+was/were + nt.
—Was Jim watching TV at three ’clck yesterday afternn?
吉姆昨天下午三点钟正在看电视吗?
—Yes, he was. 是的,他在看电视。
—N, he wasn’t. 不,他没有。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
What were yu ding at eight ’clck last night?
昨天晚上八点钟你在做什么?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mrs Green ____________(ck) breakfast at the time.
2. The Smiths ____________(watch) the film frm seven ’clck t nine ’clck last night.
3. Little Tm ____________(fly) a kite at ten ’clck yesterday mrning.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He was listening t music at that time. (改为否定句)
He ____________ ____________ t music at that time.
2. They were riding bikes t schl at seven ’clck yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ ____________ riding bikes t schl at seven ’clck yesterday?
—____________, ____________ ____________.
五、一般将来时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
【提示】
下列几种将来时,一般用 will而不用be ging t。
(1)带有意愿色彩的将来时。
(2)问对方意愿或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
(3)有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+will/shall/be ging t+动词原形+其他.
They will fly t Paris in tw hurs.
两个小时后他们将飞往巴黎。
Bb and Simn are ging t visit the ld peple’s hme next Saturday. 鲍勃和西蒙打算下周六去拜访养老院。
(2)否定句:
①主语+will/shall nt+动词原形+其他.
I wn’t leave Beijing until next year.
我要到明年才离开北京。
②主语+be nt ging t+动词原形+其他.
They aren’t ging t plant apple trees next year.
他们明年不打算种苹果树。
(3)一般疑问句:
①Will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+will/shall.
否定回答:N, 主语+will/shall+nt.
—Will they take part in Jim’s birthday party?
他们会参加吉姆的生日聚会吗?
—Yes, they will. 是的,他们会。/N, they wn’t. 不,他们不会。
②Be+主语+ging t+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:N, 主语+am/is/are+nt.
—Are yu ging t buy a car next year? 你明年打算买车吗?
—Yes, I am. 是的,我打算买。/N, I’m nt. 不,我不打算买。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
When are yu ging t visit Jim? 你打算什么时候去拜访吉姆?
Where will yu have a meeting? 你们将在哪里开会?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mr Green ____________(visit) the Summer Palace next Friday.
2. A grup f ants are busy mving. It ____________ (rain).
3. Our schl ____________(have) a sprts meeting next week.
4. We ____________ (climb) the muntain next weekend.
5. The bk ____________(cme) ut next mnth.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. The Smiths are ging t buy a huse near the sea. (改为否定句)
The Smiths ____________ ____________ t buy a huse near the sea.
2. They will finish their hmewrk in tw hurs. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—____________ they ____________ their hmewrk in tw hurs?
—____________, ____________ ____________.
六、现在完成时
1. 谓语形式、用法及时间状语
【提示】
(1)“终止”“延续”相转换
“瞬间动词”必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词,才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如:begin/start→be n;brrw →keep; buy→ have /wn等。
I have kept that bk fr ne mnth. 那本书我已经借了一个月了。
(2)“点”“段”时间须分清
在与since和fr短语连用时,since 后面跟“时间点”,fr后面跟“一段时间”。
2. 构成形式
(1)肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+have/has+nt+过去分词+其他.
I haven’t been t Nanjing. 我没去过南京。
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:N, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
—Has Jack taught maths? 杰克教过数学吗?
—Yes, he has. 是的,他教过。/—N, he hasn’t. 不,他没有教过。
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where has Jim gne? 吉姆去哪里了?
【基础练习】
Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成句子
1. 史密斯老师教英语十年了。
Mrs Smith ____________ ____________ English fr ten years.
2. 他们在上海已经待十天了。
They ____________ ____________ ____________ Shanghai fr ten days.
3. 大明去过唐山三次了。
Daming ____________ ____________ ____________ Tangshan three times.
4. 他们去伦敦了,三天后回来。
They ____________ ____________ ____________ Lndn and they will cme back in three days.
Ⅱ. 按要求改写句子
1. He has seen the film. (改为否定句)
He ____________ ____________ seen the film.
2. Jack has bught three kilgrams f apples. (对画线部分提问)
Hw many apples ____________ Jack ____________?
【真题演练】
单项选择
1. (2023·云南中考)—Where is yur brther?
—Lk! He ______ basketball n the playgrund.
A. plays B. played
C. is playingD. was playing
2. (2023·武汉中考) Jessica ______every night befre her Chinese test and gt gd results.
A. studiesB. studied
C. has studiedD. will study
3. (2023·河北中考)I ______ice skating this Sunday. D yu want t cme?
A. g B. wentC. ges D. will g
4. (2023·扬州中考) While everyne______ the cmics page, I picked up a cpy t see what was s funny.
A. is laughing atB. laughed at
C. laughs atD. was laughing at
5. (2023·河北中考)This bk must be great. My sister ____it five times.
A. readsB. has read
C. is readingD. was reading
6. (2023·绥化中考) She said that the earth ______arund the sun.
A. traveled B. travels C. travel
第二部分 综合练习
一、单项选择
1. Tm, ______ the ther bys in ur class, ______ playing games.
A. like, likesB. like, likeC. likes, likesD. likes, like
2. He________ in the classrm at 7:00 yesterday .
A. studyB. studiesC. studied
3. We __________fr a picnic if it ___________this Sunday.
A. wn’t g , will rainB. wn’t g , rains
C. didn’t g , is rainingD. dn’t g , dn’t rain
4. —The number f Chinese tea lvers ________ a lt in China!
—That’s true! Many f my friends ________ drink cffee, but nw they ften drink tea.
A. increased, used t
B. has risen, used t
C. has raised, was used t
5. All the passengers will stay at the airprt fr anther day if the snw ________ tmrrw.
A. wn’t stpB. desn’t stpC. didn’t stpD. hasn’t stpped
6. It ________ ten years since I ________ in this new ffice.
A. is; wrkedB. has been, has wrkedC. was; wrkedD. was; has wrked
7. Zha Mei is the best singer in my class. N ne else _________ s well.
A. singsB. singC. will singD. is singing
8. —We’ll g n a trip t Suth Hill if it _______this Sunday.
—Wish yu a happy weekend.
A. rainB. wn’t rainC. desn’t rainD. rains
9. — Anne, turn dwn the TV, please. I ________ n the phne.
— Oh, srry.
A. talkB. talkedC. am talkingD. have talked
10. —________ yu ever ________ that muntain?
—Yes, three times.
A. Did; climbB. Will; climbC. Have; climbedD. D; climb
11. This bk _______ Mary .
A. is belng tB. belngs tC. belng t
12. When yu exercise, the amunt f water yu need ________.
A. t increaseB. increaseC. increasingD. increases
13. —________ yu ever ________ t Japan?
—Yes. I ________ there with my mum last summer.
A. , gB. , wentC. , wentD. , g
14. Lk! The children ________ in the pl. Hw happy they are!
A. swimB. swimmingC. are swimmingD. is swimming
15. My best friend visited my huse while I __ __ dinner in the kitchen.
A. ckB. ckingC. ckedD. was cking
16. Yur cat is s cl. Culd yu tell me ________________?
A. where yu buy it
B. where did yu buy it
C. where yu bught it
17. Lk! The elephant _________.
A. drinksB. drankC. is drinkingD. has drunk
18. He ________g ut with his parents, but nw he________ staying at hme alne.
A. used t; used tB. used t; is used tC. was used t; is used t
19. By the time I rushed int the cinema，the film ________ fr half an hur.
A. had begunB. beganC. had been n
20. I _______ the bk, s I knw the stry frm beginning t end.
A. was readingB. will read
C. am readingD. have read
21. I _______ in the kitchen when a car stpped in frnt f the windw.
A. ckB. will ckC. was ckingD. am cking
22. — yu ever Han Hng sing live?
—Of curse. A cuple f times in different cities.
A. Have; seenB. Did; seeC. D; seeD. Are; seeing
23. —Tm had a gd result in his English test.
—________. He is a hard-wrking by.
A. S des heB. S he dC. S did heD. S he did
24. My sister and I in the rm, nw.
A. readB. readingC. am readingD. are reading
25. This kind f huse _________warm in winter and cl in summer.
A. is fundB. findsC. is feltD. feels
26. —Have yu ever been t Hng Kng?
—Yes. I ________there several years ag.
A. gB. wentC. have gneD. will g
27. —Culd I ________ a dictinary frm yu, David?
—Srry, I _______ it t Mary yesterday.
A. brrw; lendB. lend; brrwed
C. brrw; lentD. lent; brrwed
28. —There_______a sprt meet next week.
—That’s great.
A. is ging t haveB. will haveC. are ging t beD. is ging t be
29. Lucy ______ his bike hme when it started t snw.
A. rdeB. is riding C. was ridingD. will ride
30. The English teacher isn't here. She ________ t the ffice.
A. has beenB. has gneC. wentD. did g
31. I ________ 200 stamps since my grandfather gave me the first ne.
A. have cllectedB. cllectedC. cllectD. will cllect
32. I’m waiting fr my friend. If he _______, I will g swimming.
A. desn’t cmeB. wn’t cmeC. will cmeD. dn’t cme
33. — Where did yu mve?
— We ________ Guangzhu.
A. mvedB. mved tC. mveD. will mve
34. My grandparents apples, but my uncle them.
A. dn’t like; likeB. desn’t like; likes
C. like; likesD. like; desn’t like
35. —Kitty, I’m busy cking. Can yu give me a hand?
—Mm, just wait a mment. I ________ my bed nw.
A. makeB. makesC. am makingD. making
36. —Hw d yu usually g t wrk?
—I ________ take a bus, but I ________ driving a car nw.
A. am used t; used tB. used t; used tC. used t; am used t
37. --Let’s finish ff the rest f the cake.
--Nne fr me, thanks. I _____ mre than enugh.
A. hadB. will haveC. have hadD. am having
38. —Sam, let’s g and play vlleyball. —Nt nw. I ______ my mm d the cking.
A. am helpingB. helpedC. help
39. Sally______________ where she had left the car and the plice fund it this mrning.
A. frgtB. has frgttenC. frgetsD. had frgtten
40. —Lk, mm ________ sup in the kitchen.
—Oh, she always ________ delicius sup fr us.
A. makes; is makingB. is making; makesC. makes; makeD. is making; made
41. David ________s hard. He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
A. will wrkB. wrksC. wrkedD. was wrking
42. If yu ________ a gd habit f reading, yu will imprve yur reading skills.
A. frmB. frmedC. will frmD. have frmed
43. By the end f last mnth, Mr. Smith ______ as an engineer in China fr five years.
A. wrkedB. has wrkedC. had wrkedD. was wrking
44. — I really want t g t cllege fr further study.
— Believe in yurself. If yu ________ hard, yur dream will cme true.
A. will studyB. studiedC. study
45. —Where is yur sales manager, Jessica?
—She’s nt here. She _______ t Beijing t attend a meeting. She left this mrning.
A. wentB. gesC. has gneD. has been
46. Sarah hit her ft n the table leg and ver.
A. tallB. fellC. fallingD. falls
47. —I will g swimming this afternn, Daming.
—If yu g, s ________ I.
A. willB. dC. amD. have
48. Jack likes running. He ________ n the playgrund with his friends every mrning.
A. runsB. ranC. will runD. is running
49. —Maybe we can’t recgnize (认出) Diana when we meet her at the airprt.
—Dn’t wrry! I knw she __________ yet fr the past few years.
A. didn’t changeB. wn’t changeC. hasn’t changedD. wasn’t changing
50. I dn’t knw when he _____ next week. When he_____, please let me knw.
A. cmes, cmesB. will cme, will cme
C. will cme, cmesD. cmes, will cme
二、根据句子的意思选择适当的形式填空
51. The dress (fit) yu very well.
52. Smebdy kncked n my windw when I TV last night. (watch)
53. The heavy wrk (influence) his health in the past three years, s he lks much lder.
54. The Mnkey King has (excite) the children f China fr many years.
55. My cusin Andrew wanted t learn mre abut DIY, s he (g t) DIY curses last mnth.
56. My father (have) a new car.
57. My hmetwn (change) all the time. Peple are much happier than befre.
58. Her father (buy) her a nice present n her next birthday.
59. Listen! There (seem) t be a ghst singing nt far frm the wall.
60. We walked int the restaurant and a friendly waiter (lead) us t ur table.
61. The teacher (say) math is easy.
62. Last Saturday, my brther and I (swim) in the river and we had a gd time.
63. My brther usually des his hmewrk in the evening, but he (nt d) his hmewrk last night.
64. When I gt t the airprt, my plane t Shanghai had (take) ff.
65. —What’s yur mther ding?
—She’s (make) sup in the kitchen.
66. The presentatin f prizes will (cver) live tnight.
67. I’m waiting at the stp. I (take) a bus t my uncle’s farm.
68. Smene kncked at the dr when I (watch) TV.
69. What were yu (d) when the rainstrm came?
70. Everything (be) half price in the supermarket tday.
71. My father smetimes (g) t wrk by bike.
72. Nra sme dry flwers nt the gift bx and gave it t her friend. (stick)
73. I asked him what they (think) abut each thing.
74. She used t (be) shy, but nw she’s utging because f many activities she has taken part in.
75. Lk! She is (talk) with a Russian abut the painting in the museum.
76. The kite (fly) up t the sky. The children were s happy.
77. Linda always (have) sme bread fr breakfast.谓语形式
d/des
例句
用法
表示经常的或习惯性的动作
He ften gets up at six every day.
表示现在的状态
My father is at wrk.
表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征
—Des he speak English?
—Yes, he des. /N, he desn’t.
表示客观事实和普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
表示计划、安排好的将来动作
The plane takes ff at eleven ’clck in the mrning.
用在时间、条件状语从句中
If it desn’t rain tmrrw, we’ll g t the park.
时间状语
always、usually、ften、smetimes、every day、twice a week、tday、in the mrning、n Sunday
谓语形式
did
例句
用法
过去发生的动作或存在的状态
—What did yu have fr breakfast this mrning?
—I had a bwl f ndles.
说话时已不复存在的情况
I didn’t knw I lst my pen.
描述过去发生的一连串动作
Just nw Bb turned ff the light, clsed the dr and left.
时间状语
yesterday、the day befre yesterday、last night、then、at that time、several days ag等。以及由after、befre、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
谓语形式
am/is/are+ 现在分词
例句
用法
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作
Lk! I’m watching TV at hme.
表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作
They are learning English in the summer hliday.
与always、frever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感
Yu are always thinking f yur wrk.
时间状语
nw、tday、these days 等
谓语形式
was/were +现在分词
例句
用法
过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作
—What were yu ding at nine last night?
—I was watching TV.
描述故事情节,使故事变得生动精彩
The children were leaving schl when they saw a truck.
时间状语
at the time、this time yesterday、at ten yesterday、just then、yesterday mrning、when引导的时间状语从句等
谓语形式
will/shall/be ging t+动词原形
例句
用法
将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态
We will nt be free until 7:30 pm.
表示将来经常或反复发生的动作
I will cme t see yu every weekend.
有迹象表示某事要发生,多用be ging t
I am afraid it’s ging t rain.
表示计划、打算做某事,多用be ging t
He is ging t see his uncle next Sunday.
时间状语
tmrrw、next mnth、in a few days、ne day、when和 after等引导的时间状语从句
谓语形式
have/has+ 过去分词
例句
用法
表示过去已开始,持续到现在乃至将来的动作
I have wrked at this schl fr 20 years.
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She has lst her pen.
have been in + 地点,表示在某地待过多久
They have been in Beijing fr 10 years.
have been t + 地点,表示曾经到过某地(去了,已经回来了)
They have been t Beijing twice.
have gne t + 地点,表示到某地去了(去了,还未回来)
They have gne t Beijing.
时间状语
already、yet、just、ever、befre、s far、since then、“since + 时间点”“fr +一段时间”等