语法专题03 介词【考点精讲精练】-最新中考语法一点通讲义

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
语法专题三、介词（常考）
考点精讲
考点1 时间介词
in， after， later表示时间的区别
in ＋时间段， 用于将来时，表示“过……后”。He will cme back in an hur.
after＋一段时间，用于过去时，表示“在……以后”。After an hur， he came back.
after＋时间点， 用于将来时，表示“在……以后”。 He will cme back after 5 'clck.
时间段＋ later，常用于过去时，表示“在……之后”。 An hur later， he came back.
in， n， at表示时间的区别
in 主要表达年、月、季节、年代、世纪；泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in spring在春天 in February在二月 in the 21st century在21世纪
We have fur lessns in the mrning. 我们上午有四节课。
n 主要表示星期、日期或具体的某一天；特指具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用n。
n Mnday在星期一 n May 1st 在五月一号 n Labr Day在劳动节
We have tw lessns n Friday afternn. 我们周五下午有两节课。
at 表示某一时刻，用于具体时间点前，或正午和午夜前。
at 7:00在七点 at nn 在正午 at night在晚上/在午夜
We start classes at eight ’clck every mrning. （注意every, this, last, next前不加介词）
我们每天早上八点上课。
(2021·北京市·历年真题)Space Day f China falls ______ April 24th every year.
A. nB. byC. atD. in
fr， since 表示时间的区别 （现在完成时的标志词）
fr ＋ 时间段
I have lived here fr 10 years. 我已经住在这里十年了。
since ＋ 时间点 /ag短语/一般过去时的从句
I have lived here since 2013.自从2013年我就住在这里。
I have lived here since 10 years ag. 自从十年前我就住在这里。
I have lived here since I mved here in 2013. 自从2013年我搬过来就住在这里。
after，befre表示时间的区别
after“在……之后”，接时间点，与将来时连用；接时间段，与过去时连用。
He will cme back after 5 'clck. 他五点之后会回来。
After an hur， he came back. 一小时以后，他回来了。
befre “在……之前”，只接时间点，而不能接一段时间，可用于多种时态。
Please turn ff the lights befre ten ’clck.请十点前关灯。
I will cme back befre five ’clck .我会在五点之前回来。
其他时间介词
during “在……期间”，与表示特定一段时间的名词短语连用。
The clrs f the rck can change during different perids in the day.
在一天的不同时段内，岩石的颜色会变化。
until/till “直到”，在肯定句中，谓语动词用延续性动词；在否定句中，谓语动词多是非延续性动词，意为“直到……才……”
I waited until it gt dark. 我一直等到天黑了。
I didn’t g t bed until my parents came back last night.
昨晚我一直等到我父母回来才睡觉。
考点2 方位介词
thrugh, acrss表示 “穿过”时的区别
thrugh 介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。 The sldiers went thrugh the frest.
acrss 介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。 He is walking acrss the street.
【拓展】crss 动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。 ＝ He is crssing the street.

(2022·云南省·单元测试)—Lk, there is a cute bird, Mm.
—It flew int ur kitchen ______ the windw just nw, Alex.
A. acrssB. thrughC. abveD. under
amng， between “在……之间”的区别
amng 在(三者或三者以上)之间；
Daming is the tallest amng the bys. 大明是男生里最高的。
between 在(两者)之间。常用词组： between…and…
She sat between Lily and Lucy. 她坐在了莉莉和露西的中间。
③ in， n， t 表方位关系时的区别
in 表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；n 表示与某一地区接壤； t/ff 表示隔海相望。
Guangdng is in the suth f China. (广东属于中国)
Guangdng is n the suth f Hunan. (广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系)
Japan is t the east f China. (日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望)
④ 表方位的介词 n， in， behind， after之间的区别
n 表示在某人、某物的左边或右边
Jim sits n my right and Tm sit n my left. 吉姆坐在我右边，汤姆坐在我左边。
in 用来表示在第几排；
I sit in Rw 5. 我坐在第五排。
behind 用来表示“在……后面”；
Li Lei sits behind me.李雷坐在我后面。
after “在……之后/后面”，表方位时强调顺序
Bys walk after girls. 男生走在女生后面。
考点3：其他介词的用法
except “除去”，表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。
Nbdy was late except me. 除了我，没有人迟到。
（没迟到的同学中不包括我，即只有我迟到了）
besides “除……以外还有”，表示包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。
Tny was als late besides me. 除了我，Tny也迟到了。
（迟到的同学中包括我，我和Tny都迟到了）
beside “在……旁边”
Cme and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
(2019·河北省邯郸市·月考试卷)All the wrkers went hme yesterday ______ Mr. Wang. Because he was n duty.
A. exceptB. besidesC. except frD. beside
表示方式时with, in, by的区别
with 介词，表示“用(工具)”。
We walk with ur feet.我们用脚走路。
in 介词，表示“用(材料、语言、声音)”。
Can yu say it in English？你可以用英语说它吗？
by 介词，表示“以……方式、方法、手段”，或表交通工具。
I g t schl by bike. 我骑自行车上学。
frm 和介词t
frm “来自”；“根据，从……来看”；“从……时间/地点”
t “到，往，去”；“到……时间/地点”
frm…t…“从……到……”，表示时间或地点
We g t schl frm Mnday t Friday. 从周一到周五我们上学。
Please get n the train frm Beijing t Shanghai.请上从北京到上海的火车。
考点4 介词短语
【辨析】
n the wall 紧贴在墙表面上的，“在墙上”。in the wall 镶嵌在墙里的，“在墙上”。
There is a map f China n the wall. 墙上有张中国地图。（地图是贴上去的）
There is a big hle in the wall. 墙上有个大洞。（洞是墙本身里的）
n the tree 长在树上的果、叶等， “在树上”。 in the tree 外来的东西， “在树上”。
There are many apples n the tree.树上有很多苹果。（苹果长在树上用n）
There are many birds in the tree.树上有很多鸟。（鸟外来的在树上用in）
with的意思是“有”，表示伴随； withut的意思是“没有”。
I live in a big huse with a garden. 我住在带有花园的一座大房子里。
I live in a small flat withut a TV. 我住在一个没有电视的小公寓里。
④ in frnt f 在……的前面 (物体外面的前面)。
in the frnt f 在…的前部 (物体里面的前面) 。
There is a tree in frnt f the classrm. 教室前有棵树。（树在教室外面）
There is a blackbard in the frnt f the classrm.教室前有块黑板。（黑板在教室里面）
考点5 介词的语法功能
介词作为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，后面必须接名词、代词、动名词、短语，才能充当句子成分。特别注意介词后面不能接动词原形，必须变成动名词形式v-ing，这个考点在初中阶段或中考中都很常见，通常和非谓语动词一起考查。
Thank yu fr (tell) me abut the different festivals in the wrld.
I am lking frward t ______ (g) back t my hmetwn. （这里的t是介词）
考点精练
中考语法—介词专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
Space Day f China falls ______ April 24th every year.
A. nB. byC. atD. in
Welcme t ur stre. We have skirts ______ all clrs ______￥16 each.
A. at; inB. in; frC. at; atD. in; in
We have a gegraphy lessn ______ three 'clck ______ Thursday afternn.
A. at; inB. in; inC. n; nD. at; n
Yu'd better nt hang ut after schl ______ telling yur parents. They may wrry abut yu.
A. byB. withC. withutD. after
Mre and mre yung peple g skating winter.
A. atB. inC. nD. t
Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift ​​​​​​​ yu.
A. frB. inC. withD. frm
We planted sme flwers ______ the garden yesterday.
A. nB. tC. inD. f
—Lk, there is a cute bird, Mm.
—It flew int ur kitchen ______ the windw just nw, Alex.
A. acrssB. thrughC. abveD. under
—Excuse me，culd yu please tell me where the nearest restrm is？
—G ______ the hallway and turn left，it's acrss ______ the teachers' ffice.
A. alng；frm B. t；f C. dwn；t
Dn't use yur mbile phne when yu g _________the rad. It's dangerus.
A. thrughB. verC. intD. acrss
The children here imprve their English ______ listening and speaking every day.
A. nB. thrughC. withD. by
They went climbing the mrning f May 1 and came back the afternn.
A. n; nB. in; inC. n; inD. in; n
—Oh, my gd! I've left my keys in the rm. I'll have t get in ______ the windw．
—It's dangerus. Yu'd better wait fr yur mm t cme back.
A. pastB. verC. acrssD. thrugh
—Hw lng have yu lived in the new flat?
—________ 2010.
A. InB. AfterC. SinceD. Befre
M Yan’s bks are very ppular. Yu can find they are n sale many languages.
A. inB. tC. withD. at
With the teachers' help, I have realized I'm nt the center the wrld and learned t put myself in thers' shes.
A. fB. byC. upD. under
Lucy lived in Beijing frm 2008____________ 2012．
A. nB. tC. atD. f
It is great ______ us t get s many favurite bks n Internatinal Children's Bk Day.
A. tB. withC. OfD. fr
Our class are much sure t win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A. fB. inC. againstD. frm
His pinins are similar _____ yurs but different_____ Julia's．
A. t； frmB. frm； tC. as； withD. with； as
It's very nice ______ pictures fr me.
A. f yu t drawB. fr yu t drawC. fr yu drawingD. f yu drawing
I want t learn a secnd freign language ______ English.
A. exceptB. besideC. besidesD. except fr
The high-speed train ______ Qingda and Beijing travels faster nw. The train ride takes nly abut three hurs.
A. frmB. amngC. inD. between
​Rbert Hunt smetimes advises the students ____ cmmn prblems.
A. inB. abutC. withD. fr
A recent study in Australia shws that parents are the tp five wrld's hardest jbs.
A. betweenB. amngC. frmD. abve
Culd yu please give me a hand? I can't cmplete the task n time yur help.
A. withutB. underC. withD. fr
Taiwan is part f China. It is ​​​​​​​ the sutheast f ur cuntry.
A. tB. nC. inD. at
My mther gets up ________ five 'clck every mrning t ck breakfast fr me.
A. nB. atC. inD. fr
There is ging t be an English mvie in ur schl ______ the evening f June 30.
A. atB. inC. frD. n
—Have yu heard f the news abut Yuan Lngping?
—Yes. It's reprted that he passed away ______ the age f 91 yesterday.
A. at B. in C. n
N hurry. The bus will arrive _______ ten minutes.
A. atB. frC. inD. by
Maria is leaving fr France sn by air. She will arrive ​​​​​​​Paris the mrning f August 8th.
A. at; inB. in; nC. in; inD. at; n
Lk! The yung girl is dressing up ______ an ld wman ______ a black cat.
A. as; inB. as; fC. in; asD. in; f
—Hw d yu usually g t wrk?
—I usually g t wrk _______ car, but smetimes _______ ft.
A. by; byB. n; nC. n; byD. by; n
All the wrkers went hme yesterday ______ Mr. Wang. Because he was n duty.
A. exceptB. besidesC. except frD. beside
Yur painting is nice _____ the dark clur.
A. exceptB. besidesC. except frD. but
It's wrng ______ yu ______ the disabled peple.​
A. fr; t laughB. f; t laugh
C. f; t laugh atD. fr; t laugh at
—I dn't think I can wrk_____ the math prblem．
—Think hard，and yu can cme up _____ the answer．
A. n； tB. ut； withC. at； withD. n； fr
—It’s very kind _____ yu t help me with my husewrk.
—Dn’t mentin it. I regard yu ____ my family member.
A. fr; fB. fr; asC. f; fD. f; as
The ld wman lked at me ______ surprise．
A. inB. tC. withD. by
______ my surprise, he didn't pass the exam.
A. TB. InC. ByD. At
Wang Ping is a gd student and she always gets t schl ________ time.
A. nB. inC. atD. f
Hurry up, if yu want t be ________ fr the beginning f the film．
A. all the timeB. in time
C. sme timeD. frm time t time
Sprts can help yu make friends. It’s a gd way t get alng _________ peple.
A. frB. withC. fD. in
Lily is upset nw. Letˈs cheer her ___.
A. inB. utC. nD. up
​It will be quite cld tmrrw. The temperature (温度) will drp a lt. Itˈll fall ___________ zer.
A. belwB. verC. abveD. under
-Hw d yu study English s well？
- reading many bks．
A. TB. OfC. AtD. By
He prmised t deal with such prblems，he did d s．His wrd is ____________ his actin．
A. better thanB. wrse thanC. as well asD. as gd as
—What d yu think f Lin Ming, the chief engineer f the Hng Kng-Zhuhai-Maca Bridge prject(港珠澳大桥项目)?
—Perfect! He prved himself t be a gd engineer ______ hard wrk and is well wrth ______ frm.
A. abut; studyingB. frm; studying
C. thrugh; learningD. by; learning
_​______, the by met his teacher and began t talk with each ther.
A. On his way t hmeB. On his way hme
C. By the way t schlD. In his way t schl
agree with 同意 arrive at / in 到达 at nce 立刻 at the same time 同时
at the age f 在…岁时 be angry with 升…的气 be gd at / d well in擅长于
be interested in 对…感兴趣 be late fr 迟到 be strict with 对…严格
by the way 顺便说 n ne’s way t… 在…的路上 by mistake 错误地
catch up with 赶上 cheer up 使…高兴 cme up with 提出
depend n 依靠 be different frm 与…不同 fall ff 掉下来
get alng with与…相处 hear f 听说 hear frm 收到…来信
help with 帮助 in public 在公共场合 in truble 处于困境中
in surprise 惊奇地 in time 及时 learn frm 向…学习
laugh at 嘲笑 make friends with 与…交朋友 n ft 步行
regard as 把…当作 t ne’s surprise 使…惊奇的是 with a smile 微笑着