语法专题10 时态【考点精讲精练】-最新中考语法一点通讲义

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
语法专题十、时态（必考）
什么是时态？
考点精讲
时态，顾名思义，“时”就是时间，“态”就是状态或形态。注意时态是英语动词的一个语法概念。
【拓展】汉语只有时没有态。例如：我正在学习；我昨天学习；我明天要学习。这三句话里的动作发生在不同时间即“正在”、“昨天”、“明天”。而三句话里的谓语动词都是“学习”，这个动词的形态一致，没有发生改变，故汉语里的动词没有态的概念。
时态：说明一个动词的发生时间，每种时态对应一个时间段，谓语动词也要有相应的变化形式。
初中阶段会遇到八大时态，要求我们必须掌握的有六种时态（过去将来时和过去完成时很少考）：现就各种时态的概念（定义或用法）、时间状语标志词、基本结构、动词变化规则等方面进行详细讲解。
八大时态的概念和基本结构
一、 一般现在时
1.概念： = 1 \* GB3 ①表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。I like playing basketball.
= 2 \* GB3 ②表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象。The earth ges arund the sun.
= 3 \* GB3 ③在复合从句中，若主句为一般将来时，时间和条件状从常用一般现在时表将来。
例：If it desn’t rain, we will g t the z tmrrw.
2.时间标志词：always, usually, ften, smetimes, seldm, never, every day (week, mnth, year…), nce a week, n Sundays, at weekends等等。
3.基本结构： = 1 \* GB3 ①主语+am/is/are
= 2 \* GB3 ②主语+行为动词原形/动词三单形式（d/des）
4.动词三单形式变化规则：
二、一般过去时
1.概念 = 1 \* GB3 ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 I saw him yesterday.
= 2 \* GB3 ②表示过去经常发生的动作。Did he ften walk t schl last term?
2.时间标志词：three days ag, yesterday, the day befre yesterday, last night (week, mnth, year…), in 1989, just nw, at the age f 15, nce upn a time, used t d sth（过去常常做某事）… 。
3.基本结构： = 1 \* GB3 ①主+was/were
= 2 \* GB3 ②主+行为动词过去时(did)
4.动词过去式（-ed）变化规则：
不规则动词过去式（外研版九上课本P159-P162）
三、一般将来时
1.概念 = 1 \* GB3 ① 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，及计划、打算做某事。
例 I am ging t have a picnic this weekend. I will cme t see yu tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 ② 现在进行时（be+v-ing）表将来，常用于表示位置移动的动词，如，cme, g, leave, start, arrive, fly等。例 I am leaving fr Beijing tmrrw.
2.时间标志词：in three days, tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, next day (week, mnth, year…), sn, in the future, in 2020等等。
3.基本结构：主+am/is/are+ging t+d
主+will+d
四、过去将来时
概念：过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或状态。
结构：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 主语+was/were ging t +动原
= 2 \* GB3 ② 主语+wuld+动原
（对比一般将来时be ging t d； will d，过去将来时就是把be动词和will变成过去式）
例I didn’t knw if he was ging t cme. 我不知道是否他会来。
He said he wuld stay with us. 他说他会和我们待在一起。
五、现在进行时
1.概念 = 1 \* GB3 ① 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。The girl is listening t music nw.
= 2 \* GB3 ②句中出现Lk! Listen! 后面句子用进行时。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 表示位置移动的词，用进行时表将来，如，cme, g, leave, start, arrive, fly等。
Dn’t wrry. He is cming sn. Lk! Peter is watching TV.
2.时间标志词：nw, at the mment, these days 等
3.基本结构：主+am/is/are+ding
4.动词-ing变化规则（现在分词）
常考的双写加ing的动词：shp, stp, drp, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等
六、过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行或持续的动作。
例 I was writing a letter t my friend at nine yesterday.
My mm was cking when I arrived hme.
2.时间标志词：at this time yesterday, at that time, at seven yesterday, just then, thse days, when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语。
3.基本结构：主+was/were+ding
七、现在完成时
1.概念： = 1 \* GB3 ① 表示过去的动作对现在有影响:从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成;用次数表示经历或者表示到目前为止量的积累。
例Tm has just finished his hmewrk.
I have never been t the Great Wall.
I have been t the Great wall three times.
We have learned 1,000 wrds s far.
= 2 \* GB3 ② 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与since, fr 连用，动词用延续性动词。对since/fr短语提问用hw lng(多久)。
例 I have lived here since 2012. I have been here fr 5 years.
区别：since+时间点；fr+时间段。
since+过去某个时间点（自从……）
I have lived here since 2012.
since+时间段+ag
I have lived here since 10 years ag.
since+过去时从句
I have lived here since I mved here in 2012.
注意：短暂性动词（瞬间动词；非延续动词）可以用于完成时，但是不能与延续性的fr、since连用。补充：区分动词延续不延续，可以在前面加“一直”，说得通就是延续性动词，说不通就是非延续性动词。
【拓展】常见的现在完成时非延续性性动词转延续性动词的规律如下：
（1）、用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如：
brrw→keep, buy→have, becme →be, get up→be up, fall ill →be ill,
fall asleep→ be asleep, get/catch a cld→have a cld
（2）、用“be+形容词”替代。如：
die→be dead, pen→be pen， end/finish → be ver,
（3）、用“be+介词或副词”替代。如：
leave→be away, begin/start→ be n, jin→be in/be a member f, cme→be in/here, g→be away/ut/there, reach/arrive/get t→stay/be in , cme back→be back , 等等。
2.时间标志词 already（已经，肯）, just（刚刚，肯）, yet（“还没”，用在否定句和疑问句）, ever(曾经), never（从不）, befre（以前）, recently(最近), lately(近来)，s far（到目前为止）, in the past/last few years（在过去几年里）等。
3.基本结构：主+have/has+dne
4.动词过去分词的变化规则：规则的同动词过去式，不规则的单独记（九上课本P159-P162）
5.短语辨析
have/has been in 在某地多久了（现在还在）
He has been in Shanghai fr ten years.他来上海十年了。
have/has been t 曾去过某地(几次)（已经回来了）
He has been t Shanghai three times.他曾去过上海三次。（现在说话的时候不在上海）
have/has gne t 已经去了某地（还没回来）
He has gne t Shanghai and hasn’t cme back yet.他已经去上海了，现在还没回来。
八、过去完成时
1.基本概念
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。与现在没有关系。基本结构是“had+dne”。就是把现在完成时的have/has变成had，再加动词过去分词（用dne来表示）。
By nine ’clck last night, we had gt 200 pictures frm the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和fr, since构成的时间状语连用。和现在完成时延续性表达一样，此种表达中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
He said he had wrked in that factry since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
2.基本结构：主语+had+dne（过去分词）
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.
②否定句：主语+had+nt+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：N,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句？
⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词+其他
中考中主要考查六大时态（除了过去将来时和过去完成时），判断时态，最重要的是结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态，然后确定相应时态的基本结构。
八大时态基本结构总结
考点精练
中考语法—时态专项练习
姓名____________ 成绩__________
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分）
1. Each f us ________ WeChat(微信) nwadays, even the ld peple.
A. playsB. playC. playingD. played
2. ﹣Ww! The music sunds wnderful!
﹣Yes. Jessie_____the vilin in the next rm.
A. playsB. playedC. is playingD. was playing
3. —Where is Mr. Smith?
—He isnˈt here. He ________ Shanghai.
A. has gne tB. has been tC. have gne tD. have been t
4. It ______ tw mnths since I ______ my hmetwn.
A. was; leaveB. was; leftC. has been; leaveD. has been; left
5. —China's high-speed railway technlgy the wrld nw.
—That's true. It has develped rapidly ver the past years.
A. ledB. was leadingC. is leadingD. will lead
6. —Why didn't yu answer my call last night？
—I'm srry, when yu called, I_____dinner.
A. am havingB. have hadC. was havingD. am had
7. Last year, I ______ nt ______ ut because I hurt my leg.
A. can; getB. can; gettingC. culd; getD. culd; gt
8. —Andy,what were yu ding at this time yesterday afternn？
—I ________ the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.
A. watchB. watchedC. was watchingD. am watching
9. Dn't leave yur tys n the table, r I them away.
A. threwB. will thrwC. have thrwnD. was thrwing
10. -Mike, why are yu standing utdrs？
-I_____my keys. I have t wait here until my mther cmes back.
A. have lstB. will lseC. had lstD. lse
11. He newspapers at 8：00 every evening.
A. readsB. is readingC. was readingD. has read
12. -Yur watch is really ld.
-Yes, I it since I was six.
A. haveB. will haveC. have hadD. am having
13. Li Lei the schl bus last Friday.
A. missesB. missedC. was missingD. has missed
14. -Hell! May I speak t Kate？
-Srry, she isn't in. She ping png utside.
A. is playingB. playsC. playedD. will play
15. - Excuse me, what is Nick ding？
- Lk! He flwers utside.
A. watersB. wateredC. is wateringD. has watered
16. -Bruce s much in the past tw years.
-Yeah, he be shy, but nw he is cnfident and active.
A. has changed；used tB. changed；is used t
C. changed；used tD. has changed；is used t
17. I_______a party next Saturday. I hpe yu can cme.
A. hadB. was havingC. have hadD. will have
18. - Yu dance s well, Alice.
- Thanks. I Chinese dance since I was 5 years ld.
A. learnB. learntC. am learningD. have learnt
19. —Our cmputer is wrking again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ______ it. It tk him abut an hur.
A. has fixedB. will fixC. is fixingD. was fixing
20. William ​​​​​​​ six bks, and all f them are bestsellers.
A. will writeB. is writingC. has writtenD. was writing
21. There ______ an English shw this weekend. Shall we g and watch it？
A. are ging t beB. wasC. will beD. were
22. —Wuld yu like smething t drink?
—N, thanks. I ______ sme tea already.
A. have drunkB. was drinkingC. will drinkD. drink
23. S far, the number f peple using 5G mbile phnes ______ a lt.
A. is increasingB. are increasingC. has increasedD. have increased
24. I saw Bb in the garden. He ______ flwers there.
A. watersB. has wateredC. is wateringD. was watering
25. —What gd bks did yu read recently？
—I ________ Tales f China since last year, and nw the third time.
A. readB. am readingC. have readD. will read
26. — Jane, I rang yu up last night but nbdy answered.
— Oh, I ​​​​​​​ tgether with my parents walks in the park then.
A. have takenB. was takingC. were takingD. had taken
27. —I ______ when yu called me at 8: 00 last night.
—N wnder yu didn't pick it up.
A. was taking a shwerB. am taking a shwer
C. tk a shwerD. take a shwer
28. We will play ftball if it ______ this Saturday.
A. desn't snwB. wn't snwC. isn't snwingD. didn't snw
29. —Lily, what d yu usually d after schl?
—I ______ exercise with my friends.
A. dB. didC. will dD. was ding
30. My parents and I ______ trees last Sunday.
A. plantB. will plantC. are plantingD. planted
31. Mr. Smith ______ Chinese fr tw years. He's much better at it nw.
A. learnsB. was learningC. has learnedD. will learn
32. It______．Please take an umbrella with yu， Annie．
A. rainsB. is rainingC. rainedD. was raining
33. In the past, peple didn't knw that the earth ______ arund the sun.
A. will mveB. mvedC. wuld mveD. mves
34. The dcumentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wnderful. S far, I ______ it three times.
A. watchedB. will watchC. have watchedD. watch
35. —Have yu ever been t Shanghai?
—Of curse. Actually, I ​​​​​​​ there fr six years, but nw I live in Beijing.
A. wrkedB. was wrkingC. wuld wrkD. have wrked
36. He ______ with ur teacher when I saw him.
A. was talkingB. talksC. has talkedD. will talk
37. —______ yur hmewrk?
—Nt yet. I'll finish it in ten minutes.
A. Did yu finishB. Have yu finished
C. Will yu finishD. D yu finish
38. —D yu knw Munt Wudang in Shiyan？
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It's fantastic.
A. had climbedB. climbC. climbedD. have climbed
39. —Is Helen here?
—N, she isn't here. She ______ in half an hur.
A. arrivesB. arrivedC. will arriveD. has arrived
40. —Is Helen here?
—N, she isnˈt here. She _______ in half an hur.
A. arrivesB. arrivedC. will arriveD. has arrived
41. I jined the bk club last mnth and I _________ five bks already.
A. am readingB. have readC. will readD. read
42. — Alice has gne ut.
— Oh, has she? What time ​​​​​​​ she ______?
A. has; gneB. will; gC. did; gD. is; ging
43. Where we shuld g ______ next Friday.
A. is decidedB. was decided
C. will be decidedD. has been decided
44. Mid-Autumn Day usually ______ n August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A. cmeB. cmesC. is cmingD. will cme
45. I ________ this bike fr three years. I like it s much.
A. bughtB. hadC. have bughtD. have had
46. Lingling met her favurite presenter while she ______ the radi statin.
A. visitsB. will visitC. is visitingD. was visiting
47. Tmrrw I'm flying t Beijing. I ________there fr the fllwing three weeks.
A. amB. have beenC. will beD. was
48. Yu can brrw this film—surely yu ______ watching it.
A. enjyB. enjyedC. will enjyD. have enjyed
49. —Where is mum?
—In the living rm. She ______ a bk at the mment.
A. was readingB. will readC. is readingD. has read
50. He said that he ______ t Beijing the next mnth.
A. travel B. wuld travel C. travels
一般在动词后+s
talk-talks ,write-writes, run-runs
以s, x, sh, ch结尾+es
Wash-washes, watch-watches, teach-teaches
以辅音字母+结尾+es
g-ges, d-des
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,但是以“元音字母组合+y”结尾的词直接加s
study-studies, try-tries, carry-carries, stays, says, plays
一般在动词后+ed
answer-answered, help-helped, played
以不发音的字母e结尾+d
mve-mved, use-used, ntice-nticed
以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加ed
carry-carried, reply-replied, study-studies
重读闭音节以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
stp-stpped, plan-planned, drp-drpped
一般直接在词尾加ing
play-playing, sing-singing
以不发音e结尾，去e再加ing
take-taking, make-making, have-having
以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾的这个辅音字母，再加ing
stp-stpping,shp-shpping,drp-drpping, swim-swimming,run-running, begin-beginning
特殊变化
lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying
时态类型
动词结构(肯定式)
一般现在时
主+be动词（am is are）
主（非三单）+d（原形）
主（三单）+des（三单形式）
一般过去时
主+was/were
主+行为动词过去时(did)
一般将来时
主+am/is/are+ging t+d
主+will+d
过去将来时
主语+was/were ging t +动原
主语+wuld+动原
现在进行时
主+am/is/are+ding
过去进行时
主+was/were+ding
现在完成时
主+have/has+dne
过去完成时
主语+had+dne