语法专题15 定语从句【考点精讲精练】-最新中考语法一点通讲义

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
语法专题十五、定语从句
考点精讲
概念理解
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，又称形容词性从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句在先行词后面，但二者并不一定紧挨着。
关系词（引导词）：连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词，也可叫关系词或连接词。连接词有that，wh，which 等。
I like the mvie that/which is funny.
先行词 引导词
I like the singer wh is beautiful.
先行词 引导词
【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 引导词（关系词）在定语从句中充当成分，代替先行词，意思就是先行词的意义。所以，在定语从句中不能重复其意。
正There are many places that we can visit in China.
误There are many places that we can visit them in China.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 先行词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。
This is the place that is famus fr pandas.
Jhn reads bks which are fun.
如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句
He is the thief. 他是那个小偷。
The thief stle my wallet. 那个小偷偷了我的钱包。（两个简单句）
He is the thief wh/ that stle my wallet.
他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。（一个复合句）
通过观察，我们可以总结出以下合并规律：
把两个简单句合在一起。
He is the thief The thief stle my wallet.
合并同类项，去掉一个多余的。
He is the thief stle my wallet.
根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。
He is the thief wh/that stle my wallet.
引导词的选择
（1）关系代词：wh(人-主格), whm(人-宾客), whse(人-所有格), which(物), that(人/物)。
（2）关系副词：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。
初中阶段要求掌握关系代词。一般wh 用于指代人的先行词，which 用来指代物的先行词，that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
4. 引导词只能用that的情况：
（1）先行词本身是all , everything , smething, nthing , anything等不定代词时；
先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the first, the same, the nly,等作定语时；
先行词既有人又有物时。
1. He is the first persn ______ cmes t schl every day.
A. that B. wh C. whm D. which
2. This is the mst beautiful picture _____I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whm D. whse
3. He is the nly persn _______passed the exam in his class.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. that
4. They talked abut the peple and things _____ they can remember.
A. that B. where C. wh D. which
5. There is nthing in the wrld ________ can make him give up his dream.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. wh
5.引导词只能用which的情况
（1）关系代词前有介词。This is the huse in which we lived last year.
（2）先行词本身是that。The clck is that which I bught yesterday.
（3）非限制性定语从句。His English, which used t be very pr, is nw excellent.
The htel in we stayed last week is right n Bndi Beach.
A. thatB. whichC. whD. whm
6.定语从句中引导词的省略
不管定语从句修饰的先行词是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，引导词可以省略。不过在正式文体中，引导词不省略。但是引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略。
—What are yu ding?
—I'm reading the nvel ______ yu lent me yesterday.
A. whatB. whC. whenD. /
7.定语从句的时态问题
定语从句的时态一般不受主句的影响，根据从句所在具体的语境和意义而定。
例如：
The headmaster wh made a speech yesterday is frm Peking University.
昨天做演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时）
The headmaster wh is making a speech nw is frm Peking University.
现在正在演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时，从句现在进行时)
The headmaster wh will make a speech tmrrw is frm Peking University.
明天要来演讲的校长来自北京大学。（主句一般现在时，从句一般将来时）
8.定语从句的主谓一致问题
一般来说，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。所以一定要找准先行词，先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的形式。
注意：先行词和引导词并不总是紧挨着，关系代词前面的词不一定是先行词。
Dad cares much abut the pr in the villages ______ in need f fd and educatin.
A. which isB. wh isC. which areD. wh are
【特殊情况】
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 先行词是ne f+可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。（此时真正的先行词是f后面的可数名词复数）
She is ne f the girls wh lve dancing. 她是热爱舞蹈的女孩其中之一。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 先行词是the nly ne f +可数名词复数时，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（此时真正的先行词是the nly ne，是单数）
He is the nly ne f the bys that likes playing the drums.
他是男孩子里唯一一个喜欢敲鼓的。
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ ne f which 在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。（主语是ne）
There are many kinds f energy, ne f which is il.
有许多种能源，其中之一是石油。
He is ne f the bys wh ________t Beijing befre.
A. has beenB. has gneC. have beenD. have gne
考点精练
中考语法—定语从句专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分）
1. The shp_____sells flwers is at the end f the street．
A. wh B. where C. which D.what
2. Abing's Erquan Yingyue is a piece f music ______ has becme ne f China's natinal treasures.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. hw
3. —A Spring Mrning is my favrite pem _______ has beautiful wrds.
—I'm fnd f it, t.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. where
4. Peppa Pig（《小猪佩奇》） is a British cartn________has been ppular in China and is much lved by little children and their parents．
A. wh B. which C. / D. where
5. Happy Camp is an entertainment prgram ______ is very ht amng the yung peple.
A. wh B. / C. which D. where
6. A blg(博客)is cnsidered as an inventin ________ can express yur wn ideas and feelings freely. It’s the rm t cmmunicate with ther peple nline.
A. that B. wh C. where D. hw
7. —D yu knw the by ______ is talking t Mr. Zhang?
—Yes. He is ur mnitr.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. whm
8. I prefer mvies ______ me smething t think abut.
A. which givesB. that givesC. that giveD. wh give
9. The mvie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
A. thatB. whatC. whseD. wh
10. —Which sng d yu like better, Lucy?
—I prefer the sng Little Apple ______ can attract many peple.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. where
11. "Undergrund" is the nly wrd in the English language begins and ends with the letters "und".
A. whatB. thatC. whD. whm
12. —What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I like mvies ______ scary mnsters.
A. which hasB. that haveC. what hasD. why have
13. —D yu knw the man ______ T-shirt is blue?
—Yes, I d. He is my Chinese teacher, Mr. Smith.
A. whB. thatC. whseD. which
14. We dn't like peple ______ talk t much but never d anything.
A. whseB. whC. whenD. which
15. Teenagers like reading the bks ________ are written by Gu Jingming.
A. whB. whatC. whseD. that
16. When sme Chinese wmen were dancing t lud music in a park in New Yrk, the peple ______ lived nearby called the plice.
A. whB. whmC. whseD. which
17. —Have yu fund the infrmatin abut famus scientists ______ yu can use fr the reprt?
—Nt yet. I'll search sme n the Internet.
A. whereB. whichC. whatD. wh
18. -I'm lking fr the CD abut EXO _____ I bught yesterday．
A. thatB. whC. whseD. when
19. -Which is yur new neighbur，Liu Hua？
-The man _______ T-shirt is red．
A. thatB. whC. whichD. whse
20. The bk is abut a true stry ________ happened in my hmetwn．
A. whichB. whC. whmD. whse
21. The Palace Museum is the best place I've ever visited．
A. thatB. whmC. whereD. wh
22. He likes lw-carbn life．He lives in the huse ________ he built himself ut f trash．
A. whereB. whatC. whichD. in which
23. Sandy likes the actrs ______ are ppular amng teenagers．
A. wh B. which C. whm D. why
24. The wman is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. what
25. I'll never frget the lessn ______ last year．
A. that I learnB. that I learnedC. what I learnD. what I learned
26. When times becme difficult，remember a mment in yur life _______ was filled with jy and happiness．
A. whatB. whenC. thatD. where
27. The pht ______ taken by my brther last week is very nice.
A. which wereB. that isC. that wereD. which was
28. —What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies ______ give me smething t think abut.
A. whichB. whC. whatD. when
29. Cnfucius was a famus philspher（哲学家）______ has influenced the wrld greatly.
A. whseB. whmC. whichD. wh
30. —Is there anyne here__________ name is Betty?
—Srry, I dn't knw.
A. whB. whichC. whmD. whse
31. —What d yu usually d in yur leisure time?
—I enjy reading in the library ________ I lse myself in a wrld f gd bks.
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when
32. I can't remember the place I lived many years ag．
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. /
33. Being blind is smething _______mst peple can't imagine．
A. 不填B. whatC. whD. which
34. I will never frget the peple ______ helped me a lt during my hard time.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. whm
35. Chaka Salt Lake ______ is knwn as Mirrr f the Sky interests mre and mre turists.
A. where B. which C. wh D. what
36. I will remember the imprtant peple in my life ______ helped and supprted me.
A. whB. whichC. whatD. hw
37. I prefer music ______ has great lyrics.
A. whB. whseC. thatD. /
38.—Have yu seen the film The Wandering Earth？
—Yes. It's the best ne ______ I have ever seen.
A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it
39. Wuld yu please tell me abut the plan ______ yu made ______ yu leave?
A. wh; afterB. what; whenC. which; whileD. that; befre
40. —D yu knw the man ______ spke at the meeting just nw?
—N, I dn't knw.
A. whatB. whC. whichD. whse
41. Dr. Zhng Nanshan is a pineer has made a lt f cntributins（贡献） in the field f medical science.
A. whichB. whC. whseD. what
42. The pliceman has caught the thief ______ stle Mr. Li's wallet.
A. whseB. whC. whmD. which
43. Everything ______ yu learn becmes a part f yu and changes yu, s learn wisely and learn well.
A. whatB. whenC. whereD. that
44. Is this the museum ______ yu visited last year?
A. whB. thatC. whmD. in which
45. —D yu knw the by ​​​​​​​______ gt the first prize in the talent shw?
—Of curse. He's my new neighbr.
A. whseB. whmC. whichD. wh
46. ——Hey, Anna. Wuld yu like t see The White Strm with me?
—Yu mean the new plice stry ______ was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. whB. whatC. whseD. which
47. My mther desn't like stries ______ have sad endings.
A. thatB. whC. whereD. thse
48.—D yu like the weekly talk shw The Readers n CCTV?
—Sure. It's a great TV prgram ______ can develp the habit f reading.
A. whB. thatC. whatD. whse
49. I'll never frget the place ______ we visited tgether last year.
A. whichB. whatC. whD. whm
50. On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ______ President Xi Jinping made encuraged us Chinese t wrk harder fr ur mtherland.
A. whB. whseC. whichD. what