语法专题11 被动语态【考点精讲精练】-最新中考语法一点通讲义

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
语法专题十一、被动语态（必考）
考点精讲
什么是被动语态？（概念理解）
语态（vice），是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语和谓语动词的关系。
英语语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。【巧记】“主动，主动，主去动”
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。【巧记】“被动，被动，主被动”
注意，被动语态里的谓语动词一定是及物动词。主语和谓语动词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
被动语态的基本结构“主+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by sb）”，时态和数的变化体现在助动词be上。
注意，主动语态有的时态，被动语态都有，时态的变化体现在系动词be上。
We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。（主动语态：主语“我们”是谓语“说”的执行者）
Chinese is spken by us. 汉语被我们说。（被动语态：主语“汉语”是谓语“说”的承受者）
通俗来讲，被动语态就是表示主语和谓语存在一种被动关系，相当于汉语中的“被字句”。
什么时候用被动语态？（使用情况）
不知道动作的执行者时
Sme new cmputers were stlen yesterday. 昨天几台新电脑被偷了。（不知道谁干的）。
没必要说明动作的执行者时
I was brn in 2008. 我是2008年(被我妈妈)生的。（我肯定是我妈生的，没必要说）
强调动作的承受者时
The bk was published in 2012. 这本书2012年（被）出版的。
（被动语态强调的是这本书，而不是出版社）
不想明确动作的执行者时
The windw is brken. 窗户坏了。（具体谁弄坏的，不明说）
【助记口诀】谁做的不知道，说出谁没必要；承受者需强调，执行者不明确。
主动语态与被动语态的转换 （语态转换）
主+谓（及物动词）+宾 （主动语态）
主+ be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾 （被动语态）
Simn ate the dumplings. Simn吃了饺子。
The dumplings were eaten by Simn. 饺子被Simn吃了。（饺子不能吃Simn）
所以主动变被动分三步
（1）主语（执行者）和宾语（承受者）互换位置。
（2）把主动语态的谓语动词变成被动形式（be+及物动词的过去分词）。
（3）被动语态里的宾语前加by（有时可省略），by后宾语若是代词变宾格。
We prduce these prducts→ 我们生产这些产品。
These prducts are prduced by us. 这些产品被我们生产。
【助记口诀】宾变主，主变宾，宾前by；谓语变被动，be后“过分”跟。
【注意】（1）有些由“动词+介词或副词”构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，存在被动语态。在将含有这些动词短语的主动语态变换成被动语态时，不可将动词与介词或副词拆分，也不可省略介词或副词。
如，ask fr（请求），talk abut（谈论），listen t（倾听），lk after、take care f（照顾），think f（考虑），laugh at（嘲笑）put up（建造），put ff（推迟），turn dwn（调低），turn ff（关掉），give up（放弃），find ut（发现）等等。
His classmates ften laugh at him. 同学经常嘲笑他。（主动语态）
→ He is ften laughed at by his classmates，他经常被同学嘲笑。（被动语态）
（2）see，hear，watch， ntice等感官动词和make, let, have, help等使役动词后，在主动句里经常跟省略t的不定式作宾补，然而在变为被动语态时，切不可省略t。
I ften see them play ftball n the playgrund.
我经常看到他们在操场上踢足球。（主动语态 see sb d sth, 不带t）
→ They were ften seen t play ftball (by me) n the playgrund.
他们经常被我看见在操场上踢足球。（被动语态 sb be seen t d sth 要带t）
【拓展】不可转换的情况，并不是所有主动语态的句子都可以转换成被动语态。
根据语境推断，不符合逻辑的。
I have a bk.我有一本书。反过来，书被我有，讲不通。
谓语是不及物动词或动词短语的没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有动作的承受者。
He runs s fast. 他跑得真快。只有跑这个动作的执行者，构不成被动语态。
系动词无被动语态。为什么？所谓“主系表”，它是对主语的描述，根本没有宾语。系表结构表示的就是主语的一种状态，而这种状态一般就是通过形容词或副词来呈现的。
The dr is clsed nw.门现在关着了。
虽然看上去是be dne的结构，但它表示的是一种状态，这里clsed是过去分词变过来的形容词。
4.一般现在时的被动语态的结构 （句型变化）
(这里我们用dne表示及物动词的过去分词)
We are influenced by Cnfucius’ ideas tday. 如今我们被（受）孔子思想影响。
We are nt influenced by Cnfucius’ ideas tday. 如今我们不被（受）孔子思想影响。
Are we influenced by Cnfucius’ ideas tday? 如今我们被（受）孔子思想影响吗？
Why are we influenced by Cnfucius’ ideas tday? 为什么如今我们被（受）孔子思想影响？
A lt f trees _______ in ur city in spring every year.
A. are plantedB. were plantedC. plantD. planted
5.一般过去时的被动语态的结构变化：
(这里我们用dne表示及物动词的过去分词)
The picture was drawn by Simn yesterday.这幅画是Simn昨天画的。
The picture was nt drawn by Simn yesterday. 这幅画不是Simn昨天画的。
Was the picture drawn by Simn yesterday? 这幅画是Simn昨天画的吗？
What was drawn by Simn yesterday? Simn昨天画了什么？（昨天什么被Simn画了？）
6.一般将来时的被动语态的结构变化
Bks will be replaced by the Internet in the future. 未来书籍将会被互联网取代。
Bks will nt be replaced by the Internet in the future. 未来书籍将会被互联网取代。
Will bks be replaced by the Internet in the future? 未来书籍会被互联网取代吗？
Why will bks be replaced by the Internet in the future? 未来书籍为什么会被互联网取代？
Primary and secndary schl students _____ mbile phnes t schls, accrding t the latest rules.
A. will nt allw t bringB. will nt be allwed t bring
C. will be nt allwed t bringD. will allw nt t bring
7.含有情态动词的被动语态
（1）含有情态动词的被动语态的定义：用来说明主语被动性动作所反映的情感和态度。
（2）含有情态动词的被动语态的基本结构：“主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”，常见的情态动词有can, may, must, shuld, culd等等。
These phts can be seen n the Internet. 这些照片会在网上被看到。
Teachers shuld be respected. 老师应该得到尊重。
（3）含有情态动词的被动语态的句式变化
These phts can be seen n the Internet. 这些照片会在网上被看到。
These phts can’t be seen n the Internet. 这些照片会在网上被看到。
Can these phts be seen n the Internet? 这些照片会在网上被看到吗？
When can these phts be seen n the Internet？这些照片什么时候会在网上被看到？
The ld men and the children must _____ in ur cuntry.
A. take gd careB. be taken gd care f C. take care f D. be taken gd care
8.被动语态用法总结

考点精练
中考语法—被动语态专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
1. A new high speed train railway statin ________ in Hechi in five years.
A. will buildB. will be builtC. has builtD. has been built
2. Children under 12 years ld_____ride sharing bikes. It's t dangerus.
A. shuldn’t allw tB. shuldn’t allwC. shuldn’t be allwed tD. shuldn’t be allwed
3. After the byˈs hmewrk ________, he went ut t play.
A. finishedB. finishesC. was finishedD. is finished
4. Paper, ne f the fur greatest inventins in ancient China, ________by Cai Lun abut 2，000 years ag.
A. was inventedB. is inventedC. were inventedD. are invented
5. If the science fictin ______ int English, it will be ppular arund the wrld.
A. translatesB. is translatedC. translatedD. was translated
6. N matter hw many difficulties we have, I believe all the prblems can ______ in the end.
A. slveB. be slvedC. answerD. be answered
7. The Mnkey King is a traditinal Chinese cartn her. Tday, he ______ by peple f all ages.
A. will lveB. was lvedC. is lvedD. will be lved
8. Where we shuld g ______ next Friday.
A. is decidedB. was decidedC. will be decidedD. has been decided
9. In ur English class, many chances ______ t students t shw themselves.
A. fferB. are fferedC. fferedD. are ffering
10. Fishing _________ in rder t prtect the ecsystem f Hanjiang River.
A. allwsB. is allwedC. isn't allwedD. wn't allw
11. Tday, many winter Olympic sprts ______ even by children.
A. enjyedB. enjyC. were enjyedD. are enjyed
12. These cakes with chclate. Have ne, please.
A. fillB. filledC. are filledD. were filled
13. Sme peple think trees____ n Tree Planting Day nly．
A. shuld plantB. shuld be plantedC. shuld be plantD. shuld be planting
14. The telephne ______ in 1876.
A. inventedB. inventsC. is inventedD. was invented
15. The plan ______ in an internatinal meeting last year.
A. discussedB. is discussingC. will be discussedD. was discussed
16. We can leave tw hurs earlier if the wrk ______.
A. cmpletesB. cmpletedC. is cmpletedD. was cmpleted
17. —______ yu ______ t Jim's birthday party last night?
—Yes, I was. But I was t busy t be there.
A. Did; invitedB. Were; inviteC. Was; invitedD. Were; invited
18. Gina went t the dctr's yesterday and she ______ abut the imprtance f gd living habits nce mre.
A. tldB. is tldC. was tldD. has tld
19. —Why are yu leaving yur jb?
—I can't stand it any lnger. I always t wrk vertime.
A. am; askingB. am; askedC. was; askingD. was; asked
20. In rder t make Dandng mre beautiful, mre trees and flwers ______ every year.
A. will plantB. shuld plant
C. shuld be plantedD. must plant
21. Peple in Lanzhu are glad that a mdern subway ______ in several years.
A. will cmpleteB. will be cmpleted
C. has cmpletedD. is cmpleted
22. The students in this schl are made_______ schl unifrms n Mnday．
A. t wearB. wearingC. wearD. wrn
23. Hurry up! Once the cncert starts, nbdy ______ t enter the cncert hall.
A. allwsB. allwedC. is allwedD. is allwing
24. —Hw clean yur car is!
—Thank yu．It ______ very ften．
A. is washedB. washesC. was washedD. washed
25. I learnt t swim when I was six. I ______ by my mther.
A. am taughtB. was taughtC. will be taughtD. have taught
26. It's reprted that Jiangsu Grand Theatre ______ in September this year.
A. cmpletesB. is cmpleted
C. will cmpleteD. will be cmpleted
27. It is said that an A-shaped twer ______ in the center f the city next year.
A. buildsB. will buildC. will be builtD. is built
28. D yu knw M Yan? His bks ______ int English a few years ag.
A. were translatedB. translated
C. are translatedD. translates
29.—D yu think teenagers t make their wn decisins?
—N, I dn't agree with yu. They're t yung t d that.
A. encurageB. are encuraging
C. are encuragedD. were encuraged
30. Lk at ur new schl. It ____ last year.
A. builtB. was builtC. is builtD. will be built
31. When yu a difficult task, try t cntinue with it and finish it.
A. giveB. are givingC. gaveD. are given
32. —D yu knw Earth Day?—Sure. It ________ in 1970 t tell us t prtect ur planet.
A. sets upB. set upC. is set upD. was set up
33. —Excuse me, culd yu please tell me if the sprts meeting ______ n time?
—Hard t say. If it ______ tmrrw, we'll have t put it ff.
A. will hld; rainsB. will be held; rains
C. will be held; will rainD. hlds; will rain
34. Over $30,000 fr a children’s hspital by a British girl several mnths ag.
A. is raisedB. was raisedC. will be raisedD. has been raised
35.—Hw ften d I need t feed the dg?
—It ________ fd every day, r it will be hungry.
A. must giveB. must be giveC. must gaveD. must be given
36. —Mm，where is my mdel plane？
—Oh，it____ t Jenny yesterday．
A. is lentB. lendsC. was lentD. lent
37. I want t knw if an English Singing Cmpetitin _____next mnth.
A. will hldB. will be heldC. hldsD. is held
38.—What's the meaning f the activity "Let's Save"？
—Paper shuldn't ________ in everyday life.
A. wasteB. wastedC. be wastedD. is wasted
39. —What are yu watching?
—The Stry f China. This part at China Blck Printing Museum f Yangzhu in 2014.
A. filmedB. was filmedC. has filmedD. is filmed
40. —I enjy walking n the clean streets in the mrning．
—Yu knw they by the hard-wrking cleaners every day．
A. cleanB. are cleanedC. are cleaningD. will clean
41. With the develpment f China, Chinese ______ by a large number ​​​​f peple in the wrld.
A. speaksB. is spkenC. speakD. is speaking
42. Many peple believe that tea ______ first in China abut 5,000years ag.
A. drankB. is drunkC. was drunkD. has drunk
43. My advice n hw t save paper by my class last Mnday.
A. acceptsB. acceptedC. was acceptedD. is accepted
44. A baby's first mnth birthday is a special event in China and ______ with a special party.
A. is celebratedB. is celebratingC. was celebratedD. celebrates
45. Let's wait and see whether bks by the Internet in the future．
A. replaceB. replaced
C. will be replacedD. were replaced
46. I have a new bike．It _____ t me as a birthday gift by my father．
A. givesB. gaveC. was givingD. was given
47. Lk at the flwers n bth sides f the streets. They ______ last mnth.
A. were plantedB. are plantedC. are plantingD. were planting
48. —D yu knw the famus artist in red?
—Sure. He ______ t the art festival in ur city every year.
A. invitesB. invitedC. is invitedD. was invited
49. —Why hasn't Tny cme?
—The invitatin letter ________ t Tby by accident.
A. was emailedB. has emailedC. is emailedD. emailed
50. —Lucy, what have yu learnt frm this histry class?
—Paper ______ first ______ abut 2,000 years ag in China.
A. is; inventedB. was; inventedC. is; inventingD. was; inventing
肯定句
主语+am/is/are+ dne +（by sb）+其他.
否定句
主语+am/is/are+nt+dne +（by sb）+其他.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are+主语+dne+（by sb）+其他？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+dne +（by sb）+其他？
肯定句
主语+ was/were + dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他.
否定句
主语+ was/were + nt + dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他.
一般疑问句
Was/Were +主语 + dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+was/were +主语+dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他？
肯定句
主语+ will/(am/is/are)ging t + be + dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他.
否定句
主语+ will nt/(am/is/are)nt ging t + be + dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他.
一般疑问句
Will +主语+ be + dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他？
Be（Am/Is/Are）+主语 + ging t + be + dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 +Will +主语+ be + dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他？
特殊疑问词 + be（Am/Is/Are）+主语 + ging t + be + dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他？
肯定句
主语+情态动词+be+ dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他.
否定句
主语+情态动词+nt + be +dne+（by+动作执行者）+其他.
一般疑问句
情态动词+主语+ be + dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他.？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+ be+ dne +（by+动作执行者）+其他.？
一般现在时
主+ am/is/are + dne
一般过去时
主+ was/were + dne
一般将来时
主+ will + be +dne
主+ am/is/are ging t + be + dne
含有情态动词的
主+ 情态动词 + be + dne