12 必修三 Unit4 Scientists who changed the world背诵清单（含练习与答案）- 高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（译林版）

这是一份12 必修三 Unit4 Scientists who changed the world背诵清单（含练习与答案）- 高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（译林版），共10页。试卷主要包含了背重点单词，用核心词汇，记高频词汇，短语再现等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.________________adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
2.________________vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指
3.________________n.实验，试验；尝试，实践vi.做实验，进行实验；尝试
4.________________n.试用，试验；审讯，审判vi.&vt.测试，试验
5.________________adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的n.一家人，家庭
6.________________vt.延迟，延期
7.________________adj.有益的，有用的充电；
8.________________vt.围绕，环绕；包围
9.________________adj.有才智的；有智力的
10.________________vt.&.vi.收费；控告；谴责n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
11.________________n.赞扬，认可；信用vt.存入金额；把……归于
12.________________n.神秘；神秘的人(或事物)
答案：1.deadly 2.intend 3.experiment 4.trial 7.beneficial 8.surrund 9.intelligent 10.charge
11.credit 12.mystery
二、用核心词汇
1.cntain v.包含；含有；容纳→________________n.容器：集装箱，货柜
2.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→_________________n.足量，充足
3.wise adj.聪明的，有智慧的，明智的→________________n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智→________________adv.聪明地，明智地
4.cnduct w.&.vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止n.举止n.传导→_________________n.导体；售票员
5.indicate wt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→________________n.迹象；表明；显示；暗示
6.accident n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→________________adj.意外的，偶然的
7.favur vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；替同；偏祖→________________adj.赞成的；称赞的；有利的→________________adj.&n.特别喜爱的(东西)
8.plitics n.政治→_________________adj.政治的→_________________n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者
9.electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→________________adj.与电有关的；用电的；发电的→_________________n.电，电能
10.thery n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见→________________adj.理论上的
11.invlve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→________________adj.有关的；卷入的→________________ n.参与；牵连；包含
12.science n.科学→________________n.科学家→________________adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的
13.apply vt.&.vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→________________n.申请→_________________n.申请者
14.ignre v.忽视，不理→_________________adj.无知的；愚昧的→________________n.无知
15.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证→_________________n.许可；允许
16.respnsible adj.有责任心的→________________n.责任，负责；职责，义务
17.declare vt.表明，宜称；公布，宜布；申报→________________n.声明，宜告
18.natin n.民族；国家；国民→___________adj.民族的；国家的；国有的→____________n.国籍；民族
19.evlve v.进化→___________n.进化；演变，发展
20.publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布→________________n.出版人(或机构),发行人(或机构)
答案：1.cntainer 2.sufficiency 3.wisdm;wisely4.cnductin;cnductr5.indicatin 6.accidental
7.favurable;favurite 8.plitical;plitician9.electrical;electricity 10.theretical
11.invlved;invlvement 12.scientist;scientific13.applicatin;applicant 14.ignrant;ignrance
15.permissin 16.respnsibility ;natinality 19.evlutin 20.publisher
【语境活用】
1.The_____________area ______________survey n the passengers'_____________n the train.And the passengers are asked what the heat_____________f metal is.(cnduct)
2.Being_____________and hnest,he is ppular amng us,and he has a strng sense f_____________(respnsible)
3.The_____________is fnd f_____________and devtes himself t taking part in _____________activities.(plitics)
4.He______________that I shuld give sme _____________f hw I did in the test.(indicate)
5.The ld blind man asked me t d him a_____________and find his______________bk.(favur)
6.It was s ht yesterday,but the_____________fan refused t wrk and we failed t find smene gd at wrk_____________.(electric)
答案：1.cnductrs;cnducting;cnduct;cnductin2.respnsible;respnsibility 3.plitician;plitics;plitical
4.indicated;indicatins 5.favur;favurite 6.electric;electrical
三、记高频词汇
1.intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指
2.pstpne vt.延迟，延期
3.favur vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
4.charge vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管
5.invlve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加
6.apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关
7.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证
8.respnsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务
9.declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报
四、短语再现
l.___________________偶然，意外地2.___________________提出，提议，建议
3.___________________很成功；引人注目4.___________________查阅，参考；提到，谈及
5.___________________(使)加速6.___________________成功，奏效，达到目的
7.___________________对……有益，有益于……8.___________________因……而受到奖励
9.___________________由于，因为，幸亏10.___________________日日夜夜，夜以继日
11.___________________放弃12.___________________反复试验
13.___________________利用，动用14.___________________致力于，研究
15.___________________被卷入，与……有关系16.___________________换句话说
17.___________________归功于……18.___________________使某人失望
19.___________________关于，至于20.___________________确信，对……有把握
21.___________________想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然
答案：1.by accident 2.put frward 3.with a bang 4.refer t5.speed up 6.pay ff 7.be beneficial t 8.be awarded fr
9.thanks t 10.day and night 11.give up12.thrugh trial and errr 13.draw n 14.wrk n
15.(be)invlved in 16.put anther way 17.t the credit f18.let sb.dwn 19.as t 20.be sure f 21.take it fr granted
短语活用
1.be beneficial t对……有益，有益于……
2.by accident偶然，意外地
3.let sb.dwn使某人失望
4.put frward提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
知识背诵检测
I.单词拼写
1.It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him,but research_______________(表明)that the numbers have been rising fr sme time
2.Because f the rain,the sprts meeting has t be ________________ (延迟)until next week.
3.The________________ (事故)was similar t the ne that happened in 1973.
4.Accrding t ur rules,smking is nt_______________(允许)in ur ffice
5.The new technlgy,if_______________(应用)t farming,will help increase the grain utput.
6.He________________(出版)a cllectin f shrt stries when he was still at cllege.
7.Scientists_______________(宣布)war n AIDS in rder t make a breakthrugh in treating it.
Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出加黑部分的汉语意思)
1.I shuld have charged my cellphne last night.Nw the battery is running ut._______________
2.While all the desserts are pretty gd,the clear standut is the lemn pie._______________
3.Despite the pr service f the htel,the manager is reluctant(不情愿的)t invest in sufficient training fr his staff._______________
4.Lve will always be a tpic f universal interest regardless f race,religin r natinality._______________
5.Cnventinal wisdm has it that we shuld save sme mney fr rainy days when we have a lt in hand._______________
6.(熟词生义)He has been riding in hrse trial fr less than a year._______________
7.(熟词生义)It is hped that gvernment fficials declare all they have earned in a year,which is thught t be helpful t prevent crruptin._______________
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.As we knw,taking psitive attitudes twards life is________________(benefit)t ur bdies and minds.
2.The scientist was determined t make a great breakthrugh in _______________(science )research
3.Smetimes,peple dn't like asking questins fr fear f appearing stupid and_______________(ignre).
4.As is well knwn,many_______________ (dead)accidents result frm carelessness and irrespnsibility.
5.In ur cuntry,everyne has rights and_______________(free)t express his thughts and ideas.
6.Bessie has always subscribed t the view that children shuld be given_______________(respnsible)frm an early age.
7.I'm srry t say that I can't finish the wrk within the_______________ (limit)time.
8.It's illegal t read peple's private letters withut ___________(permit).
IV.选词填空
shw ff, wrk n, pay ff, cme up, speed up, by accident, refer t, put frward
1.I never thught I wuld meet her again at a party ___________after s many years.
2.The subject f exercise and nutritin ___________at last week's class meeting.
3.Henry hasn't missed a chance t___________his muscles t thers since being praised fr his strng figure.
4.The thery he___________abut the black hle isn't understd by mst peple.
5.The driver___________t make up fr the hur he'd lst in the traffic jam.
6.I'm greatly cnfident that effrts will ___________finally if I never give up.
7.The speaker made full preparatins and gave the speech withut___________his ntes.
8.He has spent the last tw years___________a bk abut envirnmental prtectin.
V.关联词汇用准用活
1.用活——同义试试看(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇)
①The message yu want t cnvey thrugh wrds may be the exact ppsite f what thers actually understand.
②The terms f the agreement are favurable t bth sides.
③Research shws that eating habits are changing fast.
④He decided t put ff the expeditin until the fllwing day due t the bad weather.
⑤The study carried ut by researchers aimed at learning abut the negative effects f sugar n peple's health.
2.用准——易错对对碰
(1)cntain VS include
①Everyne tk part in the fight against the fld,____________ld peple.
②The range juice ____________a number f additives.
(2)in charge VS in charge f VS in the charge f
①He is the vice-president______________________sales.
②It is particularly wrrying that nbdy seems t be___________.
③The wman puts the baby___________the baby-sitter while she is ut.
VI.完成句子
1.______________________I suddenly realized nbdy was happier than I was.(强调句)
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
2.Withut qinghasu,abut 200 millin patients ______________________the pain f malaria.(虚拟语气)
没有青蒿素，大约两亿病人可能会遭受疟疾之苦。
3.It______________________fr cllege students t master a freign language.(be f+抽象名词)
对大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
4.______________________,she nearly ran int a tree.(形容词短语作状语)
陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。
5.______________________bad health if yu keep smking.(be likely t d sth.)
如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
参考答案： 2.pstpned 3.accident 6.published 7.declare
Ⅱ.1.充电 2.突出的东西 3.充分的 4.国籍 5.智慧6.选拔赛 7.申报
Ⅲ 2.scientific 3.ignrant 6.respnsibility 7.limited 8.permissin
accident 2.came up 3.shw ff 4.put frward5.sped up 6.pay ff 7.referring t 8.wrking n
V.1.①intend ②beneficial ③indicates ④pstpne⑤cnducted2.(1)①including ②cntains
(2)①in charge f ②in charge ③in the charge f
was nt until then that 2.might suffer frm
3.is f great imprtance 4.Lst in thught
5.Yu are likely t suffer frm背词条用法
(1)intend ding/t d sth.打算做某事
intend sb.t d sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended t d sth.本打算做某事
(2)be intended fr .. 专为……而设计；专供……使用的
be intended t be/d …为……打算(或设计)的
(3)with an/the intentin f ... 怀有……打算
背写作佳句
①(2020·天津高考)I intend t take this pprtunity t talk abut hw I learn English n the Internet.
我想借此机会谈谈我是如何在互联网上学习英语的。
②(2021·浙江6月高考)My parents had intended t buy a new truck but culdn't affrd it.
我父母本来想买一辆新卡车，但是却付不起钱。
背词条用法
pstpne sth.(t/until …)推迟某事(到……)
pstpne ding sth.推迟做某事
背写作佳句
①The military training fr the freshmen in the new term was pstpned until/t the next Sunday because f the bad weather.
因为天气不好，新学期的新生军训被推迟到了下周日。
②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm srry t say that I have t pstpne ging t the bkstre with yu.
很抱歉，我不得不推迟和你去书店的时间。
背词条用法
(1)in favur f支持，赞同；有利于
in sb.'s favur有利于某人
(2)d sb.a favur/d a favur fr sb.给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb.a favur=ask a favur f sb.请某人帮忙
背写作佳句
①(2020·新高考全国卷I)We are all in favur f this kind f races,and hpe that ur schl can hld this kind f activities regularly.
我们都支持这种赛跑活动，并希望我们学校定期举办这类活动。
②It is als meaningful t make use f what I have learned t d thers a favur.
利用我所学的东西帮助他人也是很有意义的。
背词条用法
(1)in charge f主管；负责
in the charge f由……负责
take charge f主管；负责
free f charge免费
(2)charge ..为……向……要价
charge sb.with(ding)sth.控告某人(做)某事
背写作佳句
①Yu can leave the wrk in the charge f him, fr he is always cautius abut everything,and never makes any mistakes.
你可以把工作交给他负责，因为他对每件事都很谨慎，而且从不犯任何错误。
②(2014·全国卷I Thirdly,I wnder hw much yu will charge us fr the six-week curse.
第三，我想知道你们六周的课程要收多少钱。
背词条用法
(1)invlve sb.in(ding)sth.使某人参与(做)某事；将某人牵涉到(做)某事中
invlve ding sth.包括做某事
(2)get/be invlved in被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
be/get invlved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系
背写作佳句
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Students shuld invlve themselves in agricultural activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.
学生们应该使自己参与农业活动中，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。
②(2020·新高考全国卷I)200 students frm all grades were invlved in this running race.
来自各个年级的200名学生参加了这次赛跑比赛。
背词条用法
apply t适用于(t为介词)
apply .把……应用于……
apply t d sth.申请去做某事
apply fr申请
apply neself t致力于；集中精力于
背写作佳句
①(2019·全国卷I)Learning that yur gallery will hld a Chinese painting exhibitin,I am eager t apply t be a vlunteer fr the event.
得知你们美术馆要举办中国画展览，我很想申请成为这次活动的志愿者。
②(2018·北寡高考)I suggest yu apply fr Beijing University,ne f the best universities in China.
我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。
背词条用法
(1)permit ding sth.允许做某事
permit sb,t d sth允许某人做某事
(2)withut permissin未经许可
背写作佳句
①Students and teachers are nt permitted t cycle n the campus.
学生和老师都不允许在校园内骑自行车。
②Withut permissin,children are nt allwed t swim alne here.
未经允许，儿童不得独自在此游泳。
背词条用法
(1)have the/(a)respnsibility t d .有责任/有义务做……
bear/take(n)the respnsibility fr承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense f respnsibility责任感
(2)be respnsible fr应对……负责；对……有责任
背写作佳句
①Thrugh this activity,the students develped a strng sense f respnsibility and gratitude.
通过这次活动，学生们培养了强烈的责任感和感恩之心。
②(2020·全国卷D He is s humrus,respnsible and selfless that I respect and lve him very much.
他是如此幽默、有责任心和无私，以至于我非常尊重和喜欢他。
背词条用法
declare sb./sth.t be 宣布某人或某事是……
declare fr/against声明/表示赞成/反对
declare war(n/against)(向……)宣战
declare that宣布……
背写作佳句
①Hearing the sprts meeting declared pen,all the students burst int cheers.
听到运动会被宣布开幕，所有学生都欢呼起来。
②The residents nearby declared against the building f the factry which is likely t pllute the water and air.
附近的居民宣布反对兴建该工厂，因为它可能会污染水和空气。
背相关短语
benefit frm/by从……中受益；得益于
be f benefit t对……有好处，有益于
fr the benefit f为了……的利益
背写作佳句
①Hpefully my suggestin can be beneficial t yu.
希望我的建议能对你有益。
②(2020·新高考全国卷I)The race was f great benefit t the participants,physically and mentally.
这次比赛对参加者的身体和精神都有很大的好处。
③If I am lucky enugh t be elected,I will make every effrt t serve fr the benefit f students and ur club.
如果我有幸当选，我会尽一切努力为学生和我们的俱乐部的利益服务。
背相关短语
by chance=by accident偶然；碰巧
by design=n purpse故意地；蓄意地
by mistake错误地
背写作佳句
①Success in life desn't happen by accident.It's the result f devting yur time and energy t what yu've set ut t d.
人生中成功不是偶然的。它是你对自己着手做的事情倾注了时间和精力的结果。
②Srry t have taken yur umbrella by mistake.It's because mine is similar t yurs.
很抱歉误拿了你的雨伞，因为我的雨伞和你的雨伞很相似。
背相关短语
let alne更不用说；更谈不上
let sb./sth.alne不管/不干涉某人/某物
let g(f)放手，松手，放开；使自由
let in放进，让……进来
let ff让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸
let ut放出；泄露；发出
背写作佳句
①Yu can believe in him;he'll never let yu dwn.
你可以信赖他；他从不会让你失望。
②Fr mst peple,it's almst impssible t perate a cmputer withut a muse,let alne surf the Internet.
对大多数人来说，没有鼠标，想要操作电脑是不可能的，更不用说上网了。
背相关短语
put aside储存；(把……)撇开不理；不考虑；放下正在做的事；留出
put 把……收拾好；储存
put(.)dwn(把……)放下；写下；平息(叛乱等)
put up修建；举起；抬起；张贴；(为……)提供食宿；提高(价钱)
Put up with忍受；容忍
背写作佳句
①(2016·北素高考)A suggestin has been put frward that we shuld recycle the textbks.有人提出一个建议，我们应该回收利用教科书。
②Encurage children t put aside sme f their pcket-mney t buy bks.
鼓励孩子们把一部分零花钱存起来买书。