05 七选五（补全“首、中、尾”）（解题技巧全归纳）-高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（通用版）

这是一份05 七选五（补全“首、中、尾”）（解题技巧全归纳）-高考英语一轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（通用版），共9页。试卷主要包含了段首/段尾主题句，段首/段尾过渡句/细节句，段中细节句/过渡句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

典例1【江苏省南通市海门实验学校2020-2021学年高三上学期学情调研二】
Living the light life
Many f us like t dine ut and treat urselves t delicius fd. We are used t chsing hearty, fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are nt easily cked at hme.
___36___Accrding t Ecnmic Daily, lw-calrie, lw-fat and high-fiber meals have becme ppular in China's restaurants and nline delivery platfrms.
___37___ Accrding t a reprt released by Meituan, a majr nline fd delivery platfrm, the number f light meals rdered nline als rse 75 percent frm the previus year.
A．It is imprtant that yu g n a diet based n yur wn needs.
B．Instead, it cntains things like biled meat, whle grains, fruits and vegetables.
C．S the next time yu have a party with friends, try a light meal.
D．T avid putting n weight, diners are willing t try every means.
E．The cuntry saw a rapid expansin f restaurants specializing in light meals.
F．That's prbably why s many peple, especially yung adults, are int them.
G．The recent rise f light meals, hwever, gives diners a smarter chice.
【答案】36．G 37．E
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂肪、高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎，这种餐食被称为轻食餐。文章说明了轻食餐的流行情况，以及其对人体健康的好处。
36．根据后文Accrding t Ecnmic Daily, lw-calrie, lw-fat and high-fiber meals have becme ppular in China's restaurants and nline delivery platfrms.可知据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂肪、高纤维的餐食在中国的餐馆和在线外卖平台上大受欢迎。由此可知，如今低热量、低脂肪、高纤维的轻食餐很流行，给就餐者提供了更明智的选择。故G选项“然而，最近轻食的兴起给就餐者提供了更明智的选择”符合语境，故选G。
37．根据后文Accrding t a reprt released by Meituan, a majr nline fd delivery platfrm, the number f light meals rdered nline als rse 75 percent frm the previus year.可知据主要的在线送餐平台美团网发布的一份报告显示，网上订购的轻餐数量也比去年增长了75%。由此根据后文的数据可知，网上订购的轻餐数量在增长，说明提供轻食餐的餐厅数量在迅速增加。故E选项“这个国家出现了专门提供便餐的餐馆的迅速扩张”符合语境，故选E。
典例2【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】
Evaluating Surces f Health Infrmatin
Watch fr misleading language. Sme studies will find that a behavir “cntributes t” r is “assciated with” an utcme; this des nt mean that a certain curse must lead t a certain result. Be aware that infrmatin may als be incrrectly explained by an authr’s pint f view. ____18____.
Develping the ability t evaluate reasnably and independently abut health prblems will serve yu well thrughut yur life.
A．It’s right fr yu t make chices.
B．Make chices that are right fr yu.
C．Media reprts ften simplify the results f medical research.
D．Be especially careful f infrmatin cntained in advertisements.
E．Carefully read r listen t infrmatin in rder t fully understand it.
F．Reasnable evaluatin includes knwing where and hw t find relevant infrmatin.
G．Reasnable evaluatin can distinguish between research reprts and public health advice.
【答案】18．E
18．根据该段中的“Watch fr misleading language(注意误导性的语言)”和空前一句“Be aware that infrmatin may als be incrrectly explained by an authr’s pint f view(注意，信息也可能被作者的观点错误地解释)”可知，该空承接上文，应该提到如何对待这种误导性信息。结合选项，E选项(仔细阅读或倾听信息，以便完全理解它)符合语境。故选E。
考法二 段首/段尾过渡句/细节句
典例3【江苏省南京市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期初摸底调研】
Science shws that stretching (拉伸) is essential after exercise. Stretching lengthens and mbilizes the cnnective tissue arund yur muscle. What’s mre, stretching helps yur bld flw and even relieves yur stress. ____16____
Yu culd feel sick. Yu wn’t be surprised t knw that when yu exercise, yu raise yur heart rate fr a perid f time. While it’s great t get that bld flwing, it’s just as imprtant t get yur heart rate back t a nrmal level after the wrkut is ver.
A．Yu’ll be at risk f injury.
B．Yu guessed it: Stretching.
C．Yu’ll imprve yur flexibility by stretching.
D．It des wnders fr bth yur physical and mental health.
E．This is als knwn in the fitness wrld as “cling dwn”.
F．There are harmful side effects if yu dn’t stretch after exercise.
G．That’s why peple ften feel pain in their “weight bearing” jints like knees and hips.
【答案】16．F
16．根据前文“Science shws that stretching (拉伸) is essential after exercise. Stretching lengthens and mbilizes the cnnective tissue arund yur muscle. What’s mre, stretching helps yur bld flw and even relieves yur stress.”（科学研究表明，运动后的伸展运动是必不可少的。拉伸可以延长和调动你肌肉周围的结缔组织。更重要的是，伸展运动可以帮助你的血液流动，甚至减轻你的压力。）讲述了运动结束后的拉伸运动的好处。下文“Yu culd feel sick. ”（你会觉得恶心。）描述了不做拉伸带来的结果。所以作为本段的结尾可以描述，运动结束不做拉伸会带来一些不好的结果。F项“运动后不做伸展运动会有副作用。”，符合题意，故选F。
典例4【江苏省盐城市伍佑中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】
We are all scial emtinal beings and thrughut ur lives, we all cntinue t shape ur behaviurs and relatinships. Hwever, fr lifelng well-being, the develpment f scial emtinal skills shuld be shaped wisely as a child pens its eyes t this wrld. Here are sme strategic actins that will help yu guide yur child in imprving their scial emtinal learning skills.
____16____ If they are crying, tell them ‌“Yu lk sad” r ‌“It lks like yu are mad right nw.” This way yu can reflect their emtins t them with wrds and help them understand and express their emtins t.
A．Cgnitive skills can nly be acquired frm classrm learning.
B．Define and put int wrds yur children’s emtins.
C．Hwever, it is never acceptable t shw aggressive behavirs.
D．Teach them hw t handle thse feelings instead f aviding them.
E．This way yu can shw them that it’s smetimes kay t have big feelings.
F．Scial emtinal learning als imprves students’ attitudes twards schl.
G．Imprving mathematical and prblem-slving skills will als supprt children’s scial emtinal develpment.
【答案】16．B
16．由该题为段落小标题，可知为概括该段内容。该段下文“If they are crying, tell them “Yu lk sad” r “It lks like yu are mad right nw.” This way yu can reflect their emtins t them with wrds and help them understand and express their emtins t.”（如果他们在哭，告诉他们“你看起来很伤心”或“你现在看起来很生气。”这样你就可以用语言向他们反映他们的情绪，帮助他们理解和表达他们的情绪。）可知，主要讲的是用语言向他们反映他们的情绪，结合选项B项Define and put int wrds yur children’s emtins.（定义孩子的情绪，并用语言表达出来。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选B项。
考法三 段中细节句/过渡句
典例5【南京市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】
Hw t use humr t make friends
Recgnize when t use humr
Think f an uncmfrtable situatin: yu just met an entire table f new peple and yu dn’t remember any f their names; nw there is a very awkward silence amng the grup. Hw d yu break the uneasiness? ____40____. Laughing helps vercme the bridge f scial discmfrt in any circumstance, and the same applies when yu meet new peple.
A．With a jke
B．Be able t take a jke
C．Dn’t jke at the expense f thers
D．Yu need t expect a jke t be tld at yur expense
E．It may be funny, but it’s nt attractive t laugh at thers
F．Dn’t think f yurself as having t represent the rle f a cmedian
G．Cnnecting with peple thrugh humr and happiness has t be authentic
【答案】 40．A
40．上文“Hw d yu break the uneasiness?”(你怎么打破这种局促感呢？)向读者提出了一个问题：参加全是陌生人的聚会时，面对一阵尴尬的沉默，如何打破这种局促感？A项“开个玩笑”给出了问题的答案，符合题意，下文“Laughing helps vercme the bridge f scial discmfrt in any circumstance, and the same applies when yu meet new peple.”(放声大笑有利于克服任何场合下的社交不适，当你结识新朋友时这个方法同样适用)进一步解释了为什么能够通过开玩笑来化解这种局促感。故选A项。
典例6【2022届江苏省如东高级中学高三热身练】
Urban expansin is linked t a number f factrs. Lwer husing csts in the suburb have attracted many t settle in these areas. There has been an increasing investment f infrastructure like transprt and electricity in the suburbs.____18____ The increase in family incme f an average persn has raised his standard f living. Driving private cars frm the suburb t the city is affrdable fr many peple.
A．This brings cnvenience t life.
B．This spread is named as urban expansin.
C．Expansin has been criticized fr sme prblems.
D．Therefre, these areas have increased in number quickly.
E．Overall, urban expansin is a phenmenn that can be avided.
F．Despite anti-expansin views, urban expansin has its wn benefits.
G．Man has always mved t newer places fr better pprtunities and pay.
【答案】18．A
18．设空前“There has been an increasing investment f infrastructure like transprt and electricity in the suburbs.(郊区的交通和电力等基础设施投资不断增加)”可知住房成本低、交通和电力的基础设施费用投资不断增加，设空后“The increase in family incme f an average persn has raised his standard f living”说生活水平提高，有更多人买得起车了。这里都在说城市化给人们生活带来的便利，A选项，“This brings cnvenience t life（这带给人们生活方便）”，符合上下文文意。故选A。
巩固提高
A
【2023届江苏省南京市镇江市高三上学期第一次八校联考】
The Sptlight Effect
Have yu ever felt as if the entire wrld was watching while yu made a mistake? Well, here’s sme gd news: it’s likely that n ne even nticed.
____16____We have this experience nt nly when we make mistakes but als when we perfrm well. Every time we d smething that is a little different frm what we usually d, we may assume that everyne arund us will ntice. The sptlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, r give a terrible answer in class.____17____In these mments, it feels like everyne is watching.
The sptlight effect exists because we all get used t seeing things thrugh ur wn eyes. Every persn is the main character in his r her stry, and the events f ur lives seem t have great imprtance.____18____
The sptlight effect is a very cmmn part f the human experience. Hwever, in sme cases, it can lead t extreme scial anxiety and nervusness arund ther peple. Everyne suffers sme degree f scial anxiety. We all care abut what thers think, and we all want t be liked. It’s nrmal t wnder abut what effect we have n ther peple.____19____If smene is s nervus that they can’t make gd decisins, then it’s time t take actin and imprve the situatin.
Learning abut the sptlight effect is imprtant because it can help us reduce ur anxiety. Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. ____20____If yu fill yur mind with thughts f yur friends and family, it will help yu be less self-cnscius.
A．Hwever, this can be a prblem when the anxiety is t much t handle.
B．That’s why fewer peple ntice the embarrassing circumstances they encunter.
C．Anther gd exercise is t make an effrt t ntice the peple arund yu, rather than fcusing n yurself.
D．The sptlight effect is a trick f the mind that makes us believe that peple ntice us mre ften than they really d.
E．What yu can d at this mment is t ignre them.
F．We are s busy examining urselves that we actually bserve very little abut everyne arund us.
G．It can als appear when we scre a big gal, ask smene n a date, r d a gd deed.
【答案】16．D 17．G 18．F 19．A 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聚光灯效应的概念、成因和作用。
16．由标题“The Sptlight Effect (聚光灯效应)”，第一段“Have yu ever felt as if the entire wrld was watching while yu made a mistake? Well, here’s sme gd news: it’s likely that n ne even nticed. (当你犯错误时，你有没有觉得整个世界都在注视着你？好吧，这里有一些好消息：很可能没有人注意到)”和下文“We have this experience nt nly when we make mistakes but als when we perfrm well. Every time we d smething that is a little different frm what we usually d, we may assume that everyne arund us will ntice. (我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时都有这种经历。每次我们做一些与平时稍有不同的事情时，我们都会认为周围的人都会注意到)”可知，上下文讲聚光灯效应出现的场合，当人们出错时，人们总觉得会被周围的许多人注意到，但事实真相是：很可能没有人注意到你的行为，说明聚光灯效应只是一种心理作用，是人们自己认为会被注意到的一种现象，可得出D选项“聚光灯效应是一种大脑欺骗我们的手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况更多。”切题，呼应最后一段“Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”。故选D项。
17．G选项“当我们取得一个大的目标，约某人约会或做一件好事时，它也会出现。”承接上文“The sptlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, r give a terrible answer in class. (聚光灯效应可能发生在我们在比赛中犯错、头发糟糕或在课堂上给出糟糕的答案时)”讲聚光灯效应出现场合的具体事例。故选G项。
18．由上文“Every persn is the main character in his r her stry, and the events f ur lives seem t have great imprtance. (每个人都是他或她的故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎很重要)”可知，人们很关注自己和自己身上发生的事情，该空与上文是因果关系，F选项“我们忙于审视自己，实际上很少观察周围的人。”承接上文讲因为人们更多得关注自己，所以很少注意周围的人。故选F项。
19．A选项“然而，当焦虑太多而无法处理时，这可能是一个问题。”与上文“Everyne suffers sme degree f scial anxiety. We all care abut what thers think, and we all want t be liked. It’s nrmal t wnder abut what effect we have n ther peple. (每个人都有一定程度的社交焦虑。我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被人喜欢。想知道我们对其他人有什么影响是正常的)”讲“拥有一定程度的社交焦虑是正常现象”形成转折，引出焦虑太多会成问题的事实，衔接下文“If smene is s nervus that they can’t make gd decisins, then it’s time t take actin and imprve the situatin. (如果有人过于紧张，无法做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善这种情况了)”讲针对这种情况要采取措施的内容。故选A项。
20．C选项“另一个好的练习是努力去注意你周围的人，而不是专注于你自己。”承接上文“Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”讲克服聚光灯效应的具体策略。故选C项。
B
【江苏省苏州市2022--2023学年高三上学期八校联考指标调研】
Life can be challenging fr teens. They must deal with schlwrk, family life and friends at the same time t fit. Feeling f sadness, frustratin and irritability are cmmn. _____16_____ Their negative feelings dn't cme and g. Instead, thse intense feelings can pint t a disease called depressin—ne that may require treatment.
It's easy t think that depressed peple simply feel sad r hpeless. Fr many teens that may be true. _____17_____ Sme kids withdraw frm friends and family. Others respnd with angry utbursts. Sme teens may skip schl r stp eating r sleeping. Teachers, parents r even a teen's clse friends may find it hard t tell whether these behavirs are just part f being a teens r signs f smething truly serius.
Even depressed teens may nt realize they have this prblem. _____18_____ Mre than three millin Americans between the ages f 12 and 17 experienced depressin in 2019. Hwever, a study by researchers at Harvard and Yale universities fund that half f all teens with depressin dn't get help until they becme adults. And nly ne in three will have been diagnsed by their dctr.
_____19_____ "I can nly wrk with what yu give me," Dee says, the mental-health prfessinal in Lincln, Neb.
Dee says, peers shuld als seek fr signs f depressin. Keep an eye n yur friends, she recmmends. Watch fr symptms f islatin (孤立) r hpelessness. _____20_____ Any f these behavirs culd be a symptm f depressin.
Overall, knwing wh—and hw—t help is essential fr successfully treating depressin in teens.
A．And the share f thse affected is high.
B．Sme may start abusing alchl r drugs.
C．Teens shuld be hnest with their answers.
D．The prblem is that depressin in teens can be hard t spt.
E．There is a link between mental illness and suicide in teens.
F．But fr sme teens, thse emtins take a mre extreme turn.
G．Even skipping classes can be a sign that smething serius is ging n.
【答案】16．F 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了青少年患抑郁症的现象。青少年患抑郁症的情况越来越严重。但是，问题在于发现抑郁症很难，甚至连青少年本人都没有意识到自己的问题。专家提出，家长、老师和青少年本人都要关注青少年抑郁的问题。
16．上文“Life can be challenging fr teens. They must deal with schlwrk, family life and friends at the same time t fit. Feelings f sadness, frustratin and irritability are cmmn.”（对于青少年来说，生活是充满挑战的。他们必须同时兼顾学业、家庭生活和朋友。悲伤、沮丧和易怒的情绪是很常见的。）以及下文“Their negative feelings dn't cme and g. Instead, thse intense feelings can pint t a disease called depressin—ne that may require treatment”（他们的消极情绪不会来来去去。相反，这些强烈的感觉可能导致一种叫做抑郁症的疾病，可能需要治疗。）根据空前和空后内容可知，该空和上文应是转折关系。后文中提到的抑郁症是消极情绪极端化的体现。F选项：但对一些青少年来说，这些情绪发生了更极端的转变。故选F。
17．上文“It's easy t think that depressed peple simply feel sad r hpeless. Fr many teens that may be true”（人们很容易认为抑郁的人只是感到悲伤或绝望。对很多青少年来说，这可能是真的。）下文“Teachers, parents r even a teen's clse friends may find it hard t tell whether these behavirs are just part f being a teens r signs f smething truly serius”（老师、家长甚至是青少年的密友可能很难判断这些行为是青少年的一部分，还是一些真正严重的迹象。）由此推知，抑郁很难发现。D选项hard t spt切题。故选D。
18．下文“Mre than three millin Americans between the ages f 12 and 17 experienced depressin in 2019”（2019年，超过300万12岁至17岁的美国人经历过抑郁症。）该空引出下文，A选项“受影响的比例很高”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据下文精神健康专家Dee说的话“I can nly wrk with what yu give me”（我只会根据患者告诉我的情况开展工作。）C选项“青少年应该对自己的问题做出诚实的回答”符合语境。故选C。
20．根据空后的“these behavirs culd be a symptm f depressin(这些行为可能是抑郁症的症状)”可知，该空应该指出抑郁症的一些行为。G选项“Even skipping classes can be a sign that smething serius is ging n(甚至逃课也可能是有严重问题发生的信号)。该选项中的even是对前文“symptms f islatin (孤立) r hpelessness”的递进。故选G。
[设空特点]
(1)设空在段首：通常是段落主题句或段落小标题句，认真阅读空后内容，推断出主题句。
(2)设空在段尾：一般是对上文或全文进行概括总结，得出结论。解题时应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如s,therefre,as a result,in shrt,in a wrd,all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选项范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
[技法点拨]
[设空特点]
过渡句：在段首或段尾的句子，有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段的内容。
(2)细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。
[技法点拨]
[设空特点]
段中位置设题一般是段落细节句或过渡句。通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。
[技法点拨]