2024届湖南新高考教学教研联盟高三下学期第一次联考（一模）英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2024届湖南新高考教学教研联盟高三下学期第一次联考（一模）英语试题（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Lnely Planet’s Tp Places t G in 2024
Are yu lking fr inspiratin fr yur next travel destinatin? Lnely Planet has published its yearly list f tp places t g. Whether yu’re lking fr adventure, culture, r value, there’s smething fr every type f traveler. Let’s explre the. tp picks fr travel destinatins in 2024.
Tp City: Nairbi
Nairbi, the Kenyan capital, was chsen fr its unique music and dance culture, and impressive lcal restaurants. Nairbi Natinal Park, just a shrt drive ut f the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitrs can see ver-400 species wandering the pen grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle n the hrizn.
Tp Cuntry: Mnglia
Mnglia is lved fr its wide-pen spaces, adventure activities, and unique fd. The Mnglian gvernment has annunced 2023 thrugh. 2025: as: the “Years t Visit Mnglia“, easing entry cnditins fr internatinal travelers and imprving public facilities, including a new $ 650 millin airprt.
Tp Sustainable Travel Destinatin: Spain
The publisher als recmmended Spain fr the cuntry’s effrts t expand renewable energy, t develp ff-seasn travel, and t bring turism t new destinatins, such as the prt city f Valencia, easing pressures n ht spts such as Barcelna.
Tp Best-Value Lcatin: The American Midwest
The American Midwest, including the cities f Chicag and Detrit, is als n the list, as it ffers a high-quality travel experience at a reasnable cst. Visitrs can enjy excellent services and facilities. such as ld warehuses transfrmed int art studis, new ec-design htels, and Michelin-starred restaurants, withut having t spend t much mney.
Tp Beach Destinatin: Dnegal
Dnegal Ireland’s mst nrthwestern cunty, has the cuntry’s lngest castline and ver 100 beaches, where visitrs can enjy the highest sea cliffs in Eurpe and miles f beautiful castal hiking trails.
1．What can peple d in Nairbi Natinal Park?
A．Enjy adventure activities.B．Taste lcal delicius cuisine.
C．See varius wild animals.D．Appreciate musical perfrmances.
2．Why is The American Midwest cnsidered t be the Best-Value Lcatin?
A．It has simplified entry prcedures.B．It ffers cst-effective experiences.
C．It cmbines art with natural scenery.D．It prvides gd transprtatin services.
3．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T entertain.B．T analyse.C．T infrm.D．T reprt.
On December 16, 2023, the first sectin f Maya Train fficially pened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up t 231 passengers acrss 290 miles and stpping at 14 train statins.
Built as an ambitius effrt t prmte turism and bst Mexic’s ecnmy, the rail system cnnects the majr cities and turist regins f the Yucatán Peninsula-frm Cancún’s beaches t Tulum’s archaelgical (考古的) wnders. Once the prject is cmpleted, the entire rail system will link turist destinatins acrss five states. Hwever, envirnmentalists and archaelgists argue that the train rute will cause great damage t the envirnment and ancient Mayan sites.
The Maya Train passes thrugh six UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites, and thusands f archaelgical sites. One particular area f cncern is the Calakmul bisphere reserve, which is hme t many endangered species, such as jaguars and ver 500 ther animal species. The train lines, mre than 60 meters wide, culd act as artificial barriers that may limit the mvement f these animals within the reserve, making it difficult fr them t mve arund and access fd and water surces.
Oppnents als express safety cncerns. Certain sectins f the rail system will be built right n tp f the aquifer’s (地下水层的) mst fragile pints f cntact with the surface. “It’s like wanting t build ver eggshells, says Guillerm Christy, a water treatment cnsultant.” Putting trains weighing thusands f tns n tp culd cause the undergrund caves t crash dwn. T cnstruct the train infrastructure (基础设施) als requires driving lng piles deep int the grund, which pses a big threat t this fragile ecsystem and leads t water shrtages.
In the nging debate f Maya Train, it is crucial t cnsider the delicate balance between ecnmic develpment and envirnmental preservatin. While Maya Train may prvide ecnmic benefits, we must nt verlk the ptential envirnmental and cultural lsses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmny between prgress and cnservatin may be a significant challenge fr the prject, but we must take int accunt the lng-term cnsequences f ur actins.
4．What d we knw abut the Maya Train prject?
A．It cnsumes lts f labr in Mexic.
B．It was cmpleted n December 16, 2023.
C．It has cncerned sme prfessinals.
D．It blcks the develpment f lcal turism.
5．What is the effect f the train lines n the animals in the reserve?
A．They disturb their sleeping patterns.B．They restrict their activities.
C．They pllute their water surces.D．They engage their enemies t the area.
6．Why des the authr mentin “eggshells” in paragraph 4?
A．T shw the difficulty f cnstructing the rail lines.
B．T prve the urgency f prtecting the fragile ecsystem.
C．T explain the reasns fr water shrtages alng the railway.
D．T stress the ptential harm f Maya Train t the aquifer system.
7．Which statement wuld the authr prbably agree with?
A．Preserving cultural sites requires strng financial supprt.
B．It is time t speed up the cnstructin prcess f Maya Train.
C．Ecnmic develpment shuld nt cme at the expense f the envirnment.
D．We shuld prize the ecnmic benefits f the prject in the lng run.
Gelgists have lng been fascinated by a missing piece f Earth’s histry — a lst cntinent called Argland. Arund 155 millin years ag, the 5,000-kilmeter cntinent brke ff frm Western Australia and began drifting(漂移), leaving behind a basin deep belw the cean knwn as the Arg Abyssal Plain. But where did Argland actually g?
The seabed structure suggests that the cntinent drifted nrthwestward and ended up Sutheast Asia. But surprisingly, there is n large cntinent hidden beneath thse islands, nly small cntinental fragments(碎片) surrunded by ancient ceanic basins. Using this thery, gelgists at Utrecht University discvered that Argland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented cllectin” under the islands t the east f Indnesia.
Unlike ther cntinents like Africa and Suth America, which brke neatly int tw pieces, Argland split int many smaller fragments that were dispersed, which made it difficult fr scientists t lcate and study the cntinent’s gelgical features. Hwever, with advanced technlgy and the discvery, scientists can nw piece them tgether.
Tracing the cntinents is vital fr understanding prcesses like the evlutin f bidiversity. It culd help explain smething knwn as the mysterius Wallace line, which is an imaginary bundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Sutheast Asian islands. The bundary has puzzled scientists because f hw clearly it separates the island’s wildlife. T the west f the line are placental mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almst cmpletely absent t the east, where yu can find marsupials and cckats — animals typically assciated with Australia. Researchers have therized that this may be because Argland carried its wn wildlife away frm Australia befre it crashed int Sutheast Asia, which helps explain why different species are fund in different natins.
The stry f Argland is nt ne f cmplete disappearance but f transfrmatin. As the wrld cntinues t evlve, this lst cntinent serves as a pwerful symbl f the fragility f life n this planet, and a reminder f the imprtance f respecting and prtecting the wrld that we live in.
8．What d we knw abut Argland?
A．It split int tw pieces many years ag.
B．It brke away frm the cntinent f Africa.
C．It sank t the bttm f the Arg Abyssal Plain.
D．It exists as fragments under the eastern islands f Indnesia.
9．What des the underlined wrd “dispersed” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Crashed.B．Cnnected.C．Distributed.D．Disappeared.
10．Why des the authr mentin the “Wallace line” in paragraph 4?
A．T intrduce the early histry f Argland.
B．T stress the significance f tracing Argland.
C．T prve the bidiversity f Sutheast Asian islands.
D．T explain the evlutinary prcess f Australian species.
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The Discvery f a Lst CntinentB．The Bundaries f Wildlife Habitats
C．The Gelgical Features f ArglandD．The Frmatin f the Arg Abyssal Plain
A lt f manufactured glass tday made frm sand and sdium carbnate (碳酸钠) can be reused r melted dwn and recycled int new items, but it desn’t break dwn in the envirnment and will sit in landfills fr thusands f years. A team f Chinese scientists aimed t deal with this envirnmental cncern by develping an ec-cnscius alternative.
In a study published recently in the jurnal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy f Sciences’ Institute f Prcess Engineering describe hw they engineered bidegradable glass made frm amin acids (氨基酸). That glass wuld have a smaller impact n the envirnment and can break dwn in a few weeks r in several mnths.
In a test, glass beads (珠) made ut f amin acids were placed under the skin f mice, and the breakdwn f the beads and the skin healing prcess were bserved fr 30 days. A diagram frm the study shws hw the mice’s bdies brke dwn the beads. In that mnth, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wund site healed, and fur grew back. “Thrughut the experimental perid, n mice exhibited any pain-related behavir that may have been caused by the glass implantatin, and nne f them experienced bvius weight lss,” the researchers wrte in their paper.
Althugh amin acids d degrade ver time in the envirnment, this bidegradable glass is nt as durable as traditinal glass, because amin acids can break dwn quickly in heat. In rder t vercme this hurdle, the researchers chemically mdified the amin acids using the heating-cling prcedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials fr the glass are heated t becme sft and then rapidly cled s as t make the glass tugher.
“It’s imprtant t pint ut that this bidegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far frm large-scale cmmercializatin,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a prfessr invlved in the study, in a press release.
12．What is an advantage f the new glass?
A．It can be recycled at a lw cst.B．It is prduced withut pllutin.
C．It takes less time t. break dwn.D．It has a wide range f applicatins.
13．Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice?
A．T assess whether the glass is bilgically harmless.
B．T investigate why amin acids are medically useful.
C．T explre hw lng it takes fr the glass t degrade.
D．T bserve if the glass can be melt dwn in mice’s stmach.
14．What des the underlined wrd “hurdle” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The instability f amin acids.
B．The difficulty f selecting materials fr the glass.
C．Envirnmental prblems caused by traditinal glass.
D．The challenge f imprving the heating-cling prcedure.
15．What is the attitude f Yan Xuehai twards the new glass’s launch n the market?
A．Optimistic.B．Critical.C．Indifferent.D．Uncertain.
If yu have ever lked clsely at the tires n yur car, yu have prbably seen little hairs sticking ut f the black rubber. 16 Are they there fr any safety reasns? Thse little bits are ne f the strange car features sme peple may stp t think abut.
Lcated n the vertical part f the tire, these curius little rubber hairs are knwn as “vent spews (轮胎毛刺)”. They are crucial in the tire-making prcess. As the tread pattern mld (胎面花纹模具) is pressed int the tire’s rubber, the extra rubber requires a way t escape the mld. 17
Curiusly, there’s n set number f hairs each tire will have. 18 But the presence f tire hairs is universal. They are nthing mre than remnants (残余部分) f the cmplex prcess that makes strng and durable tires.
19 Because they are fund n the part f the tire rubber that desn’t hit the rad, and they have n impact n hw well yur tire grips (抓牢) the pavement in rainy weather. These rubber hairs als dn’t have any impact n rad nise r why yur tires squeak when yu’re driving. They are merely evidence f the new tire’s arrival in the wrld.
Tire hairs are naturally wrn away during nrmal driving, and the presence r absence f these hairs desn’t determine if a tire is safe. There is ne instance, hwever, where the lack f tire hairs can matter. 20 As a respnsible car wner, yu shuld mnitr the health f yur tires regularly.
A．Why d tires have hairs?
B．Tire hairs dn’t have any effect n safe driving.
C．Are there any ther interesting facts abut cars?
D．They lk funny, yet every new car tire has them.
E．It culd be a sign that tires are wrn, ld and need t be replaced.
F．The exact number varies based n the design and size f the tires.
G．Because tiny-size escape vents are created thrughut each mld, little tire hairs are brn.
二、完形填空
One sunny afternn, Jack and I rde hard twards his huse. The sun shne 21 n Jack’s black bicycle. Yu wuld never see his bike with 22 n it. As I bent ver, I tk a glimpse f Jack’s shining schl 23 . Jack was always neat and tidy, but his clthes were ld and 24 . I ften 25 if he wned anything else.
We turned int a street lined with small, ld railway huses. Jack pened a gate and we went thrugh it. I gt ff my bike and 26 it against the garage wall. It was a small, whitewashed huse. The tiny area f lawn was neatly 27 .
We went in by the back dr. The kitchen had a cupbard, a small dining table with three chairs and an ancient cker. Everything was 28 clean.
In Jack’s rm, it had a bed, a ne-dr clset, and a table. Several bks were 29 against the wall n ne crner f the table, and n the ther crner 30 a mdel steam engine. Jack demnstrated t me hw the engine 31 . I lked at Jack’s face and a brad smile spread ver it.
Feeling ashamed, I reflected that I grew up in a 32 wealthy hme. My clset was 33 with new and fashinable clthes. I had a state-f-the-art ten-speed racing bike. 34 , I ften did nt appreciate what I had. I tk it all fr granted. By cntrast, Jack had almst nthing, but he was happy and 35 . Thank yu, Jack, fr unknwingly teaching me the value f being satisfied with what I’ve gt.
21．A．brieflyB．regularlyC．slwlyD．brightly
22．A．dirtB．decratinsC．passengersD．damage
23．A．catB．tieC．shesD．hat
24．A．generusB．cleanC．wrnD．ugly
25．A．meantB．wnderedC．arguedD．knew
26．A．prtectedB．acceptedC．restedD．cvered
27．A．drawnB．crssedC．wavedD．shaped
28．A．nearlyB．sptlesslyC．naturallyD．severely
29．A．spreadB．stredC．placedD．hidden
30．A．liedB．stdC．setD．put
31．A．rseB．admittedC．flamedD．wrked
32．A．relativelyB．humblyC．traditinallyD．respectively
33．A．stuffedB．engagedC．equippedD．surrunded
34．A．TherefreB．NeverthelessC．OtherwiseD．Subsequently
35．A．energeticB．mdestC．curiusD．cntent
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a race against time, as generatins f cultural heritage cnservatrs at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effrt t prtect the artistic charm f the Mga Caves, 36 UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site.
The team 37 (devte) t prtecting the 45, 000 square meters f murals (壁画) and mre than 2, 400 painted sculptures f the 735 caves f the site, the cnstructin f 38 takes abut a thusand years, frm the 4th century t the 14th century. The cultural relics are the prduct f the cultural exchanges that tk place ver 39 (century)n the ancient Silk Rad.
Cmmnly 40 (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as ersin that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity f the caves, and the depsitin f salts. T restre a mural requires an all-runder. Restrers shuld knw painting, master the skills f a masn (石匠) and have sme knwledge f chemistry and physics, 41 (be) able t recgnize the prblems and their 42 (crrespnd) causes and deliver a slutin. They must als select prper materials and tls, and cnduct experiments, 43 frmally carrying ut the restratin and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restratin shuld respect the riginal wrk and aim t maintain the status qu f the murals rather than repainting them. When the restrers find sme parts f murals missing 44 fading away, they never repaint them t create a “perfect” 45 (appear) in restratin.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Lucy的生日即将到来，你特意给她寄了一些具有中国特色的礼物。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的祝福；
2. 简要介绍你的礼物；
3. 表达期望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3, 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucy,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the sun dipped belw the hrizn, casting a warm glw ver the animal shelter, Sarah walked thrugh the rws f cages until her eyes landed n a small, trembling dg huddled (蜷缩) in the crner. “I think I’ve fund the ne, ” Sarah whispered sftly t herself as she lked int the dg’s sad eyes. This timid, abandned dg had n idea that a jurney f transfrmatin with friendly peple lay in stre fr him.
The shelter staff explained that the dg, named Buddy, had a difficult past and was very shy and scared. Sarah extended a hand, ffering a sthing tne, “Hey sweetie, yu must have a stry t tell, but frm nw n, yu’ve gt a buddy in me. ”
Bringing Buddy hme was just the beginning f their jurney, which was rcky at first fr him. Everything was strange and new, causing him t hide under furniture and startle at every sund. Therefre, Sarah prvided a czy bed, delicius meals, and mst imprtantly, heaps f lve and cmfrt.
Slwly but surely, he started t emerge frm his shell, wagging his tail tentatively and gazing at Sarah with a glimmer f hpe in his eyes. Under Sarah’s patient and lving guidance, Buddy flurished, even learning tricks and cmmands, and frming a deep bnd with his new wner.
The jurney f healing turned ut t be a success. But Sarah had never expected it wuld bring abut anther ne.
One day, while scrlling thrugh scial media, Sarah came acrss a heartwarming stry abut dgs being trained t assist children with autism (自闭症). Thse children had scial cmmunicatin difficulties and had few facial expressins and gestures. Withut hesitatin, she inquired abut the prgram and sn, Buddy was enrlled in training t becme a certified therapy(治疗) dg. But she was unsure whether Buddy wuld be cmfrtable with the new challenge.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Their first day at the therapy center was filled with uncertainty.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the weeks prgressed, Sarah nticed a remarkable change bth in the children and Buddy.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地。
1．细节理解题。根据Tp City: Nairbi部分中“Nairbi Natinal Park, just a shrt drive ut f the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitrs can see ver-400 species wandering the pen grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle n the hrizn.(内罗毕国家公园，离城市的中央商务区只有很短的车程，是一个不容错过的地方，在那里游客可以看到400多种野生动物在开阔的草原上游荡，摩天大楼在地平线上闪闪发光)”可知，在内罗毕国家公园，人们可以看到各种不同种类的野生动物。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据Tp Best-Value Lcatin: The American Midwest部分中“The American Midwest, including the cities f Chicag and Detrit, is als n the list, as it ffers a high-quality travel experience at a reasnable cst.(包括芝加哥和底特律在内的美国中西部城市也榜上有名，因为它以合理的成本提供了高质量的旅行体验)”可知，美国中西部被认为是最有价值的地方是因为它提供了高性价比的旅行体验。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are yu lking fr inspiratin fr yur next travel destinatin? Lnely Planet has published its yearly list f tp places t g. Whether yu’re lking fr adventure, culture, r value, there’s smething fr every type f traveler. Let’s explre the. tp picks fr travel destinatins in 2024.(你在为下一个旅游目的地寻找灵感吗?《孤独星球》日前公布了年度最佳旅游目的地榜单。无论你是在寻找冒险、文化还是价值，都有适合每种类型的旅行者的东西。让我们来探索一下。2024年旅游目的地的最佳选择)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地，也就是告知读者。故选C项。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玛雅列车项目给当地带来的好处以及专家们对于这一项目给当地环境及生态将会造成的影响的担忧，并指出我们不应该以牺牲生态为代价来发展经济。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On December 16, 2023, the first sectin f Maya Train fficially pened,(2023年12月16日，玛雅火车第一段正式开通)”可知，玛雅火车只有第一部分正式对公众开放，所以B项是错的，根据文章第二段“Once the prject is cmpleted, the entire rail system will link turist destinatins acrss five states.(一旦项目完成，整个铁路系统将连接五个州的旅游目的地)”可知，一旦项目完成将会促进旅游业的发展，所以D项不对；A项没有提及；根据文章第二段最后“Hwever, envirnmentalists and archaelgists argue that the train rute will cause great damage t the envirnment and ancient Mayan sites.(然而，环保主义者和考古学家认为，这条铁路线将对环境和古玛雅遗址造成巨大破坏)”可知，玛雅火车项目也引起了一些专业人士的关注，所以C项正确。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The train lines, mre than 60 meters wide, culd act as artificial barriers that may limit the mvement f these animals within the reserve, making it difficult fr them t mve arund and access fd and water surces.(这些超过60米宽的火车线可能会作为人工屏障，限制这些动物在保护区内的活动，使它们难以四处走动，难以获得食物和水源)”可知，这些火车线会限制动物在保护区内的活动。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。第四段第一句“Oppnents als express safety cncerns.(反对者也表达了对安全的担忧)”为主旨句，所以第四段主要讲的是专家们对于安全方面的担忧，后文的“Certain sectins f the rail system will be built right n tp f the aquifer’s (地下水层的) mst fragile pints f cntact with the surface.(铁路系统的某些部分将建在含水层与地表接触的最脆弱点的顶部)”以及“Putting trains weighing thusands f tns n tp culd cause the undergrund caves t crash dwn. T cnstruct the train infrastructure (基础设施) als requires driving lng piles deep int the grund, which pses a big threat t this fragile ecsystem and leads t water shrtages.(把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺)”作为两个supprting evidence来支撑主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells(蛋壳)是为了强调玛雅列车项目对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While Maya Train may prvide ecnmic benefits, we must nt verlk the ptential envirnmental and cultural lsses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmny between prgress and cnservatin may be a significant challenge fr the prject, but we must take int accunt the lng-term cnsequences f ur actins.(虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果)”可知，在作者看来虽然玛雅火车项目会带来一定的经济效益，但是我们决不能忽视潜在的环境和文化方面的损失，以及它有可能带来的安全方面的风险。由此推知，我们得认真考虑我们的行为所带来的长期后果，即经济的发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。故选C项。
8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要围绕科学家发现了1.55亿年前“消失的”阿尔戈大陆而展开。文章解释了阿尔戈大陆早年从澳大利亚大陆分离，往西北方向漂移，最终在印度尼西亚岛屿的东部以广泛分散的碎片形式被发现。这一发现对于科学家们研究生物多样性以及东南亚岛屿上神秘的华莱士线都有着重要的意义。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Using this thery, gelgists at Utrecht University discvered that Argland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented cllectin” under the islands t the east f Indnesia.(利用这一理论，乌特勒支大学的地质学家发现，阿尔戈大陆并没有真正消失，而是作为一个“非常广泛并分散的集合体”存在于印度尼西亚东部的岛屿下方)”可知，阿尔戈大陆是以碎片的形式存在于印度尼西亚东部岛屿之下。故选D项。
9．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Unlike ther cntinents like Africa and Suth America, which brke neatly int tw pieces, Argland split int many smaller fragments”可知，阿尔戈大陆不像非洲和南美洲那样是整齐地分裂成两部分，阿尔戈兰大陆分裂成许多较小的碎片，再结合画线词下文“which made it difficult fr scientists t lcate and study the cntinent’s gelgical features”可知，这使得科学家很难确定它的位置并研究它的地质特征。然而，利用先进的技术和这项新发现，科学家们现在能够将它们拼凑起来。故画线词所在句应表示阿尔戈大陆分裂成许多“分散的”小碎片。“Distributed”意为“分散的”，符合语境，故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Tracing the cntinents is vital fr understanding prcesses like the evlutin f bidiversity. It culd help explain smething knwn as the mysterius Wallace line, which is an imaginary bundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Sutheast Asian islands. The bundary has puzzled scientists because f hw clearly it separates the island’s wildlife. T the west f the line are placental mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almst cmpletely absent t the east, where yu can find marsupials and cckats — animals typically assciated with Australia. Researchers have therized that this may be because Argland carried its wn wildlife away frm Australia befre it crashed int Sutheast Asia, which helps explain why different species are fund in different natins.(追溯大陆的变迁对于我们理解生物多样性的发展过程至关重要。这有助于解释神秘的华莱士线，它是一条虚构的边界，将东南亚岛屿上的哺乳动物、鸟类甚至早期人类物种分隔开来。这条边界之所以令科学家困惑，是因为它清晰地划分了岛屿上的野生动物。在这条线的西侧是类似猿和大象的胎盘哺乳动物，但这些动物在该线的东侧几乎完全不存在，取而代之的是有袋类动物和凤头鹦鹉等通常与澳大利亚相关联的动物。研究人员推测，这可能是因为阿尔戈大陆带着自己的野生动物从澳大利亚漂移至东南亚，这有助于解释为什么不同的物种分布在不同的国家)”可推知，第四段提及“华莱士线”旨在强调追溯阿尔戈大陆的意义。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Gelgists have lng been fascinated by a missing piece f Earth’s histry — a lst cntinent called Argland. Arund 155 millin years ag, the 5,000-kilmeter cntinent brke ff frm Western Australia and began drifting(漂移), leaving behind a basin deep belw the cean knwn as the Arg Abyssal Plain. But where did Argland actually g?(长期以来，地质学家一直对地球历史上缺失的一段历史着迷——一块名为阿尔戈兰的失落大陆。大约1.55亿年前，这块5000公里长的大陆从西澳大利亚分离出来，开始漂流，在海洋深处留下了一个盆地，被称为阿尔戈深海平原。但阿尔戈兰到底去了哪里？)”结合本篇文章主要围绕科学家发现了1.55亿年前“消失的”阿尔戈大陆而展开。文章解释了阿尔戈大陆早年从澳大利亚大陆分离，往西北方向漂移，最终在印度尼西亚岛屿的东部以广泛分散的碎片形式被发现。这一发现对于科学家们研究生物多样性以及东南亚岛屿上神秘的华莱士线都有着重要的意义。结合选项，A项“失落大陆的发现”能够概括文章主旨，故选A项。
12．C 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A lt f manufactured glass tday made frm sand and sdium carbnate (碳酸钠) can be reused r melted dwn and recycled int new items, but it desn’t break dwn in the envirnment and will sit in landfills fr thusands f years. (今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“That glass wuld have a smaller impact n the envirnment and can break dwn in a few weeks r in several mnths. (这种（新）玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thrughut the experimental perid, n mice exhibited any pain-related behavir that may have been caused by the glass implantatin, and nne f them experienced bvius weight lss (在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选A项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Althugh amin acids d degrade ver time in the envirnment, this bidegradable glass is nt as durable as traditinal glass, because amin acids can break dwn quickly in heat. In rder t vercme this hurdle, the researchers chemically mdified the amin acids using the heating-cling prcedure applied in glass manufacturing. (尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。为了克服这一hurdle，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热-冷却程序对氨基酸进行了化学改性)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不稳定性，是研究者要克服的障碍。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。由最后一段中Yan Xuehai说的话“It’s imprtant t pint ut that this bidegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far frm large-scale cmmercializatin (需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以Yan Xuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。
16．A 17．G 18．F 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了汽车轮胎上的轮胎毛刺的作用，它们并不影响轮胎的安全性能和操控性能。文章提醒读者要定期检查轮胎的健康状况。
16．根据后文“Are they there fr any safety reasns? Thse little bits are ne f the strange car features sme peple may stp t think abut. (它们是出于安全考虑吗？这些小部件是一些人可能会停下来思考的奇怪汽车特征之一。)”可知，此处强调的一些人的疑问：汽车轮胎上伸出的黑色橡胶毛刺是出于安全考虑么？A选项“Why d tires have hairs?( 为什么轮胎有毛？)”与前文构成并列，提出“为什么轮胎有毛刺？”的问题，符合语境。故选A。
17．根据前文“As the tread pattern mld (胎面花纹模具) is pressed int the tire’s rubber, the extra rubber requires a way t escape the mld. (当胎面花纹模具被压入轮胎的橡胶时，多余的橡胶需要一种渗出模具的方法。)”可知，此处解释的是当花纹模具压入轮胎的橡胶时，多余的橡胶需要一种方式来渗出模具，即介绍了轮胎毛刺产生的过程。G选项“Because tiny-size escape vents are created thrughut each mld, little tire hairs are brn. (因为在每个模具中都有微小的排气口，所以小轮胎毛就产生了。)”承接前文，指出轮胎中微小的排气孔导致小轮胎毛刺产生，符合语境。故选G。
18．根据前文“Curiusly, there’s n set number f hairs each tire will have. (奇怪的是，每个轮胎都没有固定数量的毛刺数量。)”可知，此处对每个轮胎的毛刺数量进行说明。F选项“The exact number varies based n the design and size f the tires. (确切的数字根据轮胎的设计和尺寸而有所不同。)”承接前文，指出确切的轮胎毛刺数量依据不同的轮胎的设计和尺寸不同，毛刺的数量也不同，该选项符语境，与上文保持话题一致。故选F。
19．本空置于段首，应该是本段的段旨。根据后文的“Because they are fund n the part f the tire rubber that desn’t hit the rad, and they have n impact n hw well yur tire grips(抓牢) the pavement in rainy weather. (因为它们存在于轮胎橡胶中不与路面接触的部分，它们对雨天轮胎对路面的抓地力没有影响。)”可知，此处介绍了存在于轮胎橡胶中不与路面接触的部分，它们对雨天轮胎对路面的抓地力没有影响即轮胎上的小毛刺对于安全行驶并没有任何作用。B选项“Tire hairs dn’t have any effect n safe driving. (轮胎毛刺对安全驾驶没有任何影响。)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选B。
20．根据前文“There is ne instance, hwever, where the lack f tire hairs can matter. (然而，有一种情况下，缺乏轮胎毛可能会产生影响。)”以及后文“As a respnsible car wner, yu shuld mnitr the health f yur tires regularly. (作为一个负责任的车主，你应该定期监测轮胎的健康状况。)”可知，此处强调的是缺少轮胎上的小毛刺在一种情况下会产生影响。E选项“It culd be a sign that tires are wrn, ld and need t be replaced. (这可能是一个迹象，轮胎磨损，老旧需要更换。)”承接前文，指出轮胎缺少小毛刺意味着轮胎磨损，老旧需要更换，由此与下文建议定期监测轮胎的健康状况，形成呼应。故该选项符合语境。故选E。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过第一人称的视角，详细叙述了自己和朋友Jack的一次经历。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：阳光灿烂地照在杰克的黑色自行车上。A. briefly简要地；B. regularly经常；C. slwly慢速地；D. brightly明亮地。根据前文“One sunny afternn, Jack and I rde hard twards his huse.”可知，他们是在一个阳光明媚的下午骑车，所以应是阳光灿烂地照在杰克的黑色自行车上。故选D项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你永远不会看到他的自行车上有污垢。A. dirt灰尘；B. decratins装饰品；C. passengers乘客；D. damage损坏。根据后文“Jack was always neat and tidy”可知，杰克总是干净整洁，所以应是不会看到他的自行车上有污垢。故选A项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我弯下腰时，我瞥见了杰克那双闪闪发光的鞋子。A. cat外套；B. tie领带；C. shes鞋子；D. hat帽子。根据前文“As I bent ver”结合选项可知，弯下腰看见的应是鞋子。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰克总是干净整洁，但他的衣服又旧又破。A. generus慷慨的；B. clean干净的；C. wrn穿坏的；D. ugly丑陋的。根据前文“but his clthes were ld and”可知，空处应和ld并列，修饰衣服，根据选项应是“wrn穿坏的、破旧的”符合语境。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我常常想知道他还有没有别的衣服。A. meant意思是；B. wndered想知道；C. argued争论；D. knew知道。根据后文“if he wned anything else.”结合上文内容，应是“好奇他是否还有没有别的衣服”符合语境。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我下了自行车，把它靠在车库的墙上。A. prtected保护；B. accepted接受；C. rested(使)倚靠；D. cvered覆盖。根据前文“I gt ff my bike”可知，作者下了自行车，根据常识，应是把它靠在车库的墙上。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一小块草坪修剪得整整齐齐。A. drawn描画；B. crssed使交叉；C. waved挥手；D. shaped修剪。根据“The tiny area f lawn was neatly”可知，草坪应是被修剪得整整齐齐。故选D项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一切都一尘不染。A. nearly几乎；B. sptlessly一尘不染；C. naturally自然地；D. severely严重地。根据前文“Jack was always neat and tidy”可知，杰克总是干净整洁，说明他是一个爱干净的人，所以此处应是一切都一尘不染。故选B项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：桌子的一角靠墙放着几本书，另一角放着一台蒸汽机模型。A. spread传播；B. stred存储；C. placed放置；D. hidden隐蔽。根据前文“In Jack’s rm, it had a bed, a ne-dr clset, and a table.”可知，此处是在描述杰克的房间布局，所以应是桌子的一角靠墙放着几本书。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：桌子的一角靠墙放着几本书，另一角放着一台蒸汽机模型。A. lied说谎；B. std竖放；C. set设置；D. put放。根据前文“Several bks were 9 against the wall n ne crner f the table”可知，前文讲述了桌子的一角靠墙放着几本书，所以此处应是另一角放着一台蒸汽机模型。故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰克向我示范发动机是如何工作的。A. rse上升；B. admitted承认；C. flamed燃烧；D. wrked工作。根据前文“Jack demnstrated t me hw the engine”结合选项可知，应是“杰克向我示范发动机是如何工作的”符合语境。故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我感到羞愧，想到我是在一个相对富裕的家庭长大的。A. relatively相对地；B. humbly谦逊地；C. traditinally传统上；D. respectively分别。根据后文“wealthy hme”可知，应是相对富裕的家庭符合语境。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的衣橱里塞满了时髦的新衣服。A. stuffed塞满；B. engaged聘用；C. equipped装备；D. surrunded包围。根据前文“I reflected that I grew up in a 12 wealthy hme.”可知，作者在一个相对富裕的家庭长大的，所以他的衣橱里塞满了时髦的新衣服。故选A项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我常常不珍惜我所拥有的。A. Therefre因此；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Subsequently随后。根据前文“I had a state-f-the-art ten-speed racing bike.”以及后文“I ften did nt appreciate what I had.”两句是转折关系，用Nevertheless连接。故选B项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，杰克几乎一无所有，但他很快乐，很满足。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. mdest谦虚的；C. curius好奇的；D. cntent满足的。根据前文“but he was happy”可知，空处应和happy并列，结合选项应是“cntent满足的”符合语境。故选D项。
36．a 37．is devted 38．which 39．centuries 40．seen 41．t be 42．crrespnding 43．befre 44．r 45．appearance
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了敦煌莫高窟壁画的保护工作，包括保护的重要性、常见的壁画“病害”以及修复壁画所需要的技能和步骤。
36．考查冠词。句意：这是一场与时间的赛跑，因为敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力，莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。Wrld Heritage Site意为“世界遗产”，为可数名词，此处做莫高窟同位语，表示“一处世界遗产”，前应用不定冠词修饰，UNESCO为辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。
37．考查固定搭配：句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。此处考查固定搭配：be devted t意为“致力于”，根据后文的takes可知，用一般现在时，主语The team为第三人称单数。故填is devted。
38．考查定语从句。句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是caves，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。故填which。
39．考查名词。句意：这些文物是几个世纪以来古丝绸之路上文化交流的产物。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处是固定搭配：ver centuries意为“几个世纪以来”。故填centuries。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：影响壁画的常见“疾病”包括开裂和剥落，以及由洞穴温度和湿度变化引起的侵蚀，以及盐的沉积。本句已有谓语动词include，所以see用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语diseases之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填seen。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。本句已有谓语动词knw，master and have，所以be用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填t be。
42．考查形容词。修复人员应该懂得绘画，掌握泥瓦匠的技能，并具备一定的化学和物理知识，能够识别问题及其相应的原因，并提供解决方案。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，crrespnding表示“相应的”。故填crrespnding。
43．考查介词。句意：他们还必须选择合适的材料和工具，并进行实验，然后才正式进行修复和评估效果。根据句意，此处表达“在正式进行修复和评估效果之前”之意，用介词befre。故填befre。
44．考查连词。句意：当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。根据句意，sme parts f murals missing和fading away为两种可能得结果，用r连接。故填r。
45．考查名词。句意：当修复者发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，appear的名词形式是appearance。故填appearance。
46．Dear Lucy,
With yur birthday appraching, I sincerely wish yu a happy birthday!
T cnvey my sincere wishes, I’ve made sme paper cuttings fr yu. One piece is designed with fur Chinese characters that mean “happy birthday”. Anther piece is in the shape f sunflwers, which stand fr gd health and energy. There’s als ne piece shwing a mnkey n a tree as the year in which yu were brn was the Year f the Mnkey in the Chinese zdiac.
The paper cuttings are expected t be delivered t yu within seven days and I hpe yu’ll like them.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的英国笔友Lucy的生日即将到来，你特意给她寄了一些具有中国特色的礼物，要求你给她写一封邮件，表达你的祝福，简要介绍你的礼物以及表达期望。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
来临：apprach→cme near
真诚地：sincerely→heartfelt
代表：stand fr→represent
展示：shw→display
2. 句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：The paper cuttings are expected t be delivered t yu within seven days and I hpe yu’ll like them.
拓展句：The paper cuttings, which I expect t be delivered t yu within seven days, are crafted with the hpe that they will bring yu jy.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Anther piece is in the shape f sunflwers, which stand fr gd health and energy.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]There’s als ne piece shwing a mnkey n a tree as the year in which yu were brn was the Year f the Mnkey in the Chinese zdiac.(运用了现在分词作定语，in which引导的定语从句)
47．
Their first day at the therapy center was filled with uncertainty. The children, accustmed t their wn cmpany r limited interactins, were initially cautius abut Buddy. Sme wuld avid eye cntact, while thers std still bserving frm a distance. Buddy sensed the anxiety t and mirrred their calm, sitting patiently and ccasinally ffering a gentle tuch with his nse t a child wh seemed less afraid. Despite the initial challenges, Sarah was cnfident that Buddy wuld eventually adapt t this new envirnment and make a psitive impact.
As the weeks prgressed, Sarah nticed a remarkable change bth in the children and Buddy. The nce timid dg nw eagerly apprached the children, gently tuching their hands with his nse and wagging his tail enthusiastically. In return, the children wuld strke his sft fur and share their snacks with him. Their fear and hesitatin gradually changed int smiles and laughter as they began t trust and frm bnds with ne anther. It was evident that the jurney f transfrmatin that began in the animal shelter had nw extended t the therapy center, where Buddy’s presence brught jy and cmfrt t thse in need.
【导语】本文以作者家收养的一条流浪狗为线索展开，讲述了作者在动物收容所收养了一条有一段艰难的过去的狗，作者用爱和安慰让这只狗摆脱了过去的痛苦，之后作者让这只狗参加了帮助自闭症儿童的训练，这只名为巴迪的狗用行动给自闭症孩子带来了欢笑。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他们在治疗中心的第一天充满了不确定性。”可知，第一段可描写巴迪第一次去自闭症治疗中心时的情况。
②由第二段首句内容“几个星期过去了，萨拉注意到孩子们和巴迪都发生了显著的变化。”可知，第二段可描写巴迪和自闭症的孩子们建立了联系，为他们带来欢笑。
2. 续写线索：收养巴迪——用爱和安慰帮助巴迪茁壮成长——参加训练——和孩子们建立联系——给那些需要帮助的人带来了快乐和安慰。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①观察：bserving/watching/nticing
②信任：trust/have faith in/believe
③建立：frm/establish/build up
情绪类
①焦虑：anxiety/wrry/tensin
②恐惧：fear/scare/fright
【点睛】[高分句型1]Their fear and hesitatin gradually changed int smiles and laughter as they began t trust and frm bnds with ne anther.(as引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]It was evident that the jurney f transfrmatin that began in the animal shelter had nw extended t the therapy center, where Buddy’s presence brught jy and cmfrt t thse in need.(where引导的非限制性定语从句)