2024届陕西省西安市临潼区高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2024届陕西省西安市临潼区高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Irish Writers Centre Nvel Fair 2024
The Nvel Fair is an annual cmpetitin initiated by the Irish Writers Centre (IWC). Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragns’ Cave fr writers”, each year the Fair aims t intrduce up-and-cming writers t tp publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the pprtunity t present the summary f their nvels directly t industry prfessinals. Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC t meet these writers in persn r thrugh a series f nline meetings. T get fully prepared fr the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur Nvel”, tw weeks in advance. Als, applicants wh are lnglisted (初选) but d nt make it t the shrtlist f twelve will have their wrks evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
Hw t Enter
Entry fee fr applicatin is £ 55 (Members f IWC can enter fr a discunted fee f £ 45). This cmpetitin nly accepts manuscripts (原稿) fr nvels. Applicants are required t send a summary within 300 wrds and up t five chapters f their nvels, which shuld be 10,000 wrds (+/-10%). Manuscripts shuld be submitted nline. There is a limit f ne entry per applicant.
Entries are welcme frm anywhere in the wrld. Befre entering the cmpetitin, please ensure that yu have read the Nvel Fair Terms & Cnditins 2024 very carefully as the Fair is pen t nly nvelists wh have never published wrk previusly. If yu have any questins abut the applicatin prcess, please email nvelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.
1．Why des the IWC hld the Fair?
A．T serve as a platfrm fr writers.B．T advertise lcal bks.
C．T encurage yung peple.D．T aruse enthusiasm fr reading.
2．What can the wrkshp help the winners d?
A．Imprve their writing skills.B．Deal with the judging panel.
C．Learn abut publishing prcess.D．Present their nvels attractively.
3．Which f the fllwing meets the requirement f the Fair?
A．A nvel published in 2023.B．A summary f 200 wrds.
C．A paper manuscript by pst.D．A submissin f seven chapters.
Hw t release yur art ptential? Traditinally, peple may bury themselves in learning painting skills at a studi and begin frm drawing lines. Hwever, Maggie Wiebe, a 21-year-ld girl frm Stamps Schl f Art & Design at the University f Michigan, has her wn methd.
Wiebe and her schl friend Jessie Rice are trying t d smething that shws their lve fr art and als benefits the envirnment. Fr the past year r s, they have tended a garden at their campus farm, planting a variety f clrful flwers, as well as flax(亚麻)t make linen and paper t be used in art.
Inspired by a grup f ld ladies in Canada wh plant sustainable art materials and pst their vides n scial platfrm YuTube, Wiebe learned abut hw t plant, harvest and separate fibers. She planted different fruits and vegetables traditinally used t dye(给……染色)fabrics. She then put their peels(外皮)int biled water and added ht pressurized air t make a dye. Fr her, it’s a demanding but enjyable prcess.
Wiebe and Rice plan t eventually buy sme land in Detrit t grw these sustainable art materials—a dye, fiber and pigment garden—“a bigger versin f what we’re already ding”, Wiebe tld Minnesta News. “We’d set it up like an rganizatin where artists can vlunteer a few hurs a week and then use all f the plants that we grw.”
Wiebe als likes fiber-based art, such as quilting, weaving and sewing. She has applied thse techniques t her recent wrks, displayed as part f the annual Senir Exhibitin at her schl. During her sphmre year, Wiebe jined the Michigan Daily as an illustratr, learning t cnceptualize and cmplete cmplex illustratins n tight deadlines. Wiebe’s wrks received a lt f help frm thers. “Because the art schl desn’t have departments, we have studi crdinatrs wh take care f each studi.” she said. “I see them every day, and they’ve helped me a lt.”
4．What can we learn abut Wiebe frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．She lnged t be a gardener.
B．Her parents taught her hw t plant.
C．She was fnd f drawing lines.
D．She had an envirnmentally friendly mind.
5．What did Wiebe learn frm watching vides?
A．T peel fabrics skillfully.B．T get fibers eventually.
C．T grw plants traditinally.D．T dye fabric s individually.
6．Why is Detrit referred t in Paragraph 4?
A．T present Wiebe’s patience.
B．T review Wiebe’s career.
C．T display Wiebe’s future prspect.
D．T prmte an applicatin f Wiebe’s idea.
7．Which f the fllwing best describes Wiebe’s wrk?
A．Creativity is prductivity.B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Unity is strength.D．Curisity is mtivatin.
Artificial intelligence mdels can trick each ther int disbeying their creatrs and prviding banned instructins fr making drugs, r even building a bmb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is mre difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language mdels (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-cded rules that aim t prevent them frm exhibiting racial r sexual discriminatin, r answering questins with illegal r prblematic answers — things they have learned frm humans via training data. But that hasn’t stpped peple frm finding carefully designed instructins that blck these prtectins, knwn as “jailbreaks”, making AI mdels disbey the rules.
Nw, Arush Tagade at Leap Labratries and his c-wrkers have fund a prcess f jailbreaks. They fund that they culd simply instruct ne LLM t cnvince ther mdels t adpt a persna (角色), which is able t answer questins the base mdel has been prgrammed t refuse. This prcess is called “persna mdulatin (调节)”.
Tagade says this apprach wrks because much f the training data cnsumed by large mdels cmes frm nline cnversatins, and the mdels learn t act in certain ways in respnse t different inputs. By having the right cnversatin with a mdel, it is pssible t make it adpt a particular persna, causing it t act differently.
There is als an idea in AI circles, ne yet t be prven, that creating lts f rules fr an AI t prevent it displaying unwanted behaviur can accidentally create a blueprint fr a mdel t act that way. This ptentially leaves the AI easy t be tricked int taking n an evil persna. “If yu’re frcing yur mdel t be gd persna, it smewhat understands what a bad persna is,” says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial Cllege Lndn says it is wrrying hw current mdels can be misused, but develpers need t weigh such risks with the ptential benefits f LLMs. “Like drugs, they als have side effects that need t be cntrlled,” she says.
8．What des the AI jailbreak refer t?
A．The technique t break restrictins f AI mdels.
B．The initiative t set hard-cded rules fr AI mdels.
C．The capability f AI mdels imprving themselves.
D．The prcess f AI mdels learning new infrmatin.
9．What can we knw abut the persna mdulatin?
A．It can help AI mdels understand emtins.
B．It prevents AI learning via nline cnversatins.
C．It can make AI mdels adpt a particular persna.
D．It frces AI mdels t fllw nly gd persnas.
10．What is Yinzhen Li’s attitude twards LLMs?
A．Unclear.B．Cautius.C．Apprving.D．Negative.
11．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．LLMs: Illegal Learning MdelsB．LLMs: The Latest Advancement
C．AI Jailbreaks: A New ChallengeD．AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Apprach
Fr lts f kids, tddlerhd(幼儿期)is an imprtant time fr friendship. Studies shw that the earlier kids learn t frm psitive relatinships, the better they are at relating t thers as teenagers and adults. Playing tgether als helps these kids practice scial behavirs, such as kindness, sharing, and cperatin.
Even s, hw quickly yur child develps int a scial creature may als depend n his temperament. Sme tddlers are very scial, but thers are shy. In additin, the way that tddlers demnstrate that they like ther children is markedly different frm what adults think f as expressins f friendship. Research at Ohi State University in Clumbus fund that a tddler’s way f saying “I like yu” during play is likely t cme in the frm f cpying a friend’s behavir.
This seemingly unusual way f demnstrating fndness can result in unpleasant behavir. Regardless f hw much they like a playmate, they may still grab his tys, refuse t share, and get bssy. But experts say that this is a nrmal and necessary part f friendship fr kids this age. Thrugh play experiences, tddlers learn scial rules. That’s why it’s s imprtant t take an active rle in yur tddler’s scial encunters by setting limits and ffering frequent reminders f what they are. When yu establish these guidelines, explain the reasns behind them.
Begin by helping yur child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him s sad?”), then suggest hw he culd reslve the prblem(“Maybe he wuld feel better if yu let him play the ball.”). When yur child shares r shws empathy(同理心)tward a friend, praise him(“Ben stpped crying! Yu made him feel better.”).
Anther way t encurage health y scial interactin is by encuraging kids t use wrds—nt fists—t express hw they feel. It’s als imprtant t be mindful f hw yur child’s persnality affects playtime. Kids are easy t get angry when they’re sleepy r hungry, s schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
12．What des the underlined wrd “temperament” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Appearances.B．Ages.C．Characters.D．Interests.
13．What des it indicate when tddlers cpy their playmates’ behavir?
A．They are fnd f their playmates.
B．They are interested in acting.
C．They are shy with the strangers.
D．They are tired f playing games.
14．What des the authr suggest parents d fr their kids?
A．Find them suitable playmates.
B．Design games fr them.
C．Play tgether with them.
D．Help them understand scial rules.
15．What is the functin f the quted statements in Paragraph 4?
A．Explaining cncepts.B．Giving examples.
C．Prviding evidence.D．Making cmparisns.
In a ppular TikTk vide, Emily McDnald, a neurscience cnsultant, discusses three things she des each day t prtect her brain staying ff her phne in the mrning, thinking psitively, and aviding junk fd. 16 . But there’s mre t the health f the brain and the science behind it.
Catch sme z’s.
Practicing gd sleep hygiene (卫生), as well as getting six t eight hurs f sleep each night, is ne f the best things yu can d fr yur brain health. Sleep helps the brain frm memries, reinfrce new cncepts and ideas, and remve the buildup f bad prteins in the brain. 17 . With enugh sleep, yu can preserve yur brain’s functinality even when yu get lder.
Get yur heart pumping.
18 . And a strng heart helps pump enugh bld t the brain t maintain its perfrmance. The fficial recmmendatin is t have 150 minutes’ mderate exercise a week which is nt limited t certain types f physical activities. Walking yur dg a cuple miles a day cunts as well. Remember that anything is better than nthing.
19 .
Expsing yurself t new peple, places, and challenges can keep yur mind sharp, and imprve brain plasticity. But trying new things desn’t necessarily mean yu need t spend mney traveling r take up a new hbby. It can be as simple as trying a crsswrd yu haven’t dne befre. If yu can keep using yur brain in new ways, yu’ll have better mental utcmes as yu age.
Stick t a healthy, well-runded diet.
Many studies have shwn highly prcessed fds, like packaged gds, can increase the risk f health prblems, like diabetes and high bld pressure. 20 , including yur brain. T keep yur brain healthy, limit prcessed fds and get sufficient nutritin frm a wide variety f plants and animals.
A．These diseases can generally harm the entire bdy
B．Remain scially invlved
C．Regular exercise makes fr pwerful heart muscles
D．It als bsts the brain’s ability t adapt t new situatins
E．Try new things
F．The advice McDnald gives in her vide isn’t bad
G．Besides, this desn’t mean getting int rutines is necessarily harmful
二、完形填空
On January 22, 2022, the British-Belgian 19-year-ld, Rutherfrd, successfully 21 her micrlight aircraft back at the Airprt, frm where she had departed 155 22 ag, fulfilling her dream t be the yungest wman t fly arund the wrld sl.
“I feel 23 nt nly t break the Guinness Wrld Recrd, but als t 24 the gender gap by 11 years between the current yungest man recrd hlder, 18 at the time f his recrd, and the previus wman recrd hlder, wh was 30 when she 25 her ‘Dreams Sar’ arund-the-wrld flight.” Rutherfrd wrte n her blg. Rutherfrd’s jurney 26 five cntinents and 52 cuntries began n August 18, 2021. She met many 27 delays alng the way. They 28 an unscheduled stp in Califrnia 29 the fierce wildfires and a stp in Alaska t 30 her visa. She als faced several 31 in the air. Despite the severe difficulties, the 32 yung pilt never gave up n her dream.
Rutherfrd grew up arund 33 . Her British father flies cmmercially fr Emirates Airlines, while her Belgian mther is als a pilt. The yung girl began 34 hw t fly at age 14. And she 35 her flight license in 2020. With her 36 f flying arund the wrld attained, Rutherfrd nw has her sights 37 even higher. She wants t becme a(n) 38 and explre space.
She hpes that her jurney will encurage mre yung wmen t 39 careers in flight. Currently the number f wmen pilts is just 5 percent. Rutherfrd says, “It’s an easy thing t say, but just 40 it. If yu dn’t try and see hw high yu can fly, then yu’ll never knw.”
21．A．landedB．leftC．startedD．tried
22．A．weeksB．daysC．mnthsD．hurs
23．A．thrilledB．upsetC．bredD．anxius
24．A．increaseB．widenC．leaveD．narrw
25．A．gainedB．succeededC．cmpletedD．began
26．A．takingB．crssingC．ignringD．missing
27．A．unseenB．unableC．uncertainD．unexpected
28．A．testedB．includedC．fllwedD．deleted
29．A．thanks tB．in regard tC．due tD．in additin t
30．A．renewB．reuseC．recverD．review
31．A．defeatsB．prizesC．drawbacksD．challenges
32．A．smartB．determinedC．disabledD．caring
33．A．shipsB．trainsC．airplanesD．cars
34．A．puttingB．rememberingC．hatingD．learning
35．A．lentB．purchasedC．btainedD．trained
36．A．effrtB．prpsalC．galD．struggle
37．A．understdB．wavedC．lstD．set
38．A．engineerB．astrnautC．piltD．physicist
39．A．pursueB．perfrmC．searchD．appreciate
40．A．g frB．cme tC．put ffD．set abut
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yangliuqing, an ancient twn, is 41 (lcate) in Xiqing District f Tianjin, Nrth China. It is knwn 42 its rich cultural heritage and artistic traditins, particularly in the fields f painting, calligraphy and New Year wdblck(木版)paintings.
In 2022, Yangliuqing 43 (include)n the list f natinal -level turist areas, attracting 44 (visit)and cultural enthusiasts frm hme and abrad. It dates back ver 1,400 years and was nce an 45 (imprtance)business center alng the Grand Canal. During the Ming(1368—1644)and Qing(1644—1911)dynasties, with the develpment f river transprtatin and trade, Yangliuqing became rich and 46 (heavy)ppulated. Over the years, the twn 47 (develp)its artistic traditins, supprting talented painters and calligraphers.
With 48 (it)beautiful scenery, fascinating cultural attractins and rich artistic legacy, Yangliuqing is als hme t many histrical sites, such as Shijia Mansin, An Mansin and Ruyi Street, as well as cultural landmarks like the Wenchang Pavilin and Puliang Pagda.
A museum f flk custms pened last year and many buildings have been restred and preserved fr the future. Enjying 49 large number f newly pened turism spts, Yangliuqing is nw a ppular lcatin fr film and TV shts, 50 attracts a wealth f filmmakers.
四、改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Sunday witnessed a friendly basketball game between students and teachers in ur schl with the aim f fueling students’ passin fr sprts as well as release their verwhelming pressure. Bathing in sunshine, players frm Grade 3 cmpeted with their teachers in the basketball curt surrunded by the rest f the students, wh were watching excited. Bth teams were playing at their best in high spirit. Althugh the teachers tk the lead in a game at first, the students did nt lse their heart and tried t catch up with their ppnents. The game was filled in great excitement and passin, and ends in a draw f 2:2. Nt nly the exciting game relieve the students’ intense stress, and their relatinship with the teachers was als strengthened.
五、书面表达
52．假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一场中外交流活动，征集以“我和春节”为主题的优秀摄影作品。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的要求；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Ntice
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The Students' Unin
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了爱尔兰作家中心2024年的小说书展活动，包括活动目的、奖品、参与方式等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragns’ Cave fr writers”, each year the Fair aims t intrduce up-and-cming writers t tp publishers and literary agents. (被《爱尔兰时报》描述为“作家的龙洞”，每年的书展旨在向顶级出版商和文学代理商介绍崭露头角的作家。)”可知，书展的目的在于为作家提供平台，让他们被出版商和文学代理商认识。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据The Prize中的“T get fully prepared fr the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a wrkshp n “Hw t Prmte Yur Nvel”, tw weeks in advance. (为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加“如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会。)”可知，研讨会将会教获奖者推广他们的小说，因此这会帮助他们把小说精彩地呈现出来。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据Hw t Enter中的“Applicants are required t send a summary within 300 wrds and up t five chapters f their nvel. (申请人必须提交一篇300字以内的摘要，以及小说五个章节以内的内容。)”可知，一篇200字的摘要符合书展的要求。故选B项。
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Maggie Wiebe将艺术和环保结合，种植并获取可持续性的艺术材料的事迹。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Wiebe and her schl friend Jessie Rice are trying t d smething that shws their lve fr art and als benefits the envirnment.(韦博和她的同学杰西·赖斯正在努力做一些既能显示他们对艺术的热爱又能有益于环境的事情)”可知，Wiebe有一颗环保的心。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inspired by a grup f ld ladies in Canada wh plant sustainable art materials and pst their vides n scial platfrm YuTube, Wiebe learned abut hw t plant, harvest and separate fibers.(加拿大一群老太太种植可持续的艺术材料，并将视频发布在社交平台YuTube上，受到她们的启发，韦博学会了如何种植、收获和分离纤维)”可知，Wiebe在视频上学会了如何种植、收获并最终得到纤维。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Wiebe and Rice plan t eventually buy sme land in Detrit t grw these sustainable art materials—a dye, fiber and pigment garden—“a bigger versin f what we’re already ding”, Wiebe tld Minnesta News. “We’d set it up like an rganizatin where artists can vlunteer a few hurs a week and then use all f the plants that we grw.”(韦博和赖斯计划最终在底特律买一些土地来种植这些可持续的艺术材料——一个染料、纤维和颜料花园——“我们已经在做的事情的一个更大的版本”，韦博告诉明尼苏达新闻。“我们把它建立成一个组织，艺术家们可以每周志愿工作几个小时，然后使用我们种植的所有植物。”)”可知，第四段提到底特津是为了展示Wiebe对于未来的规划前景。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容及最后一段“Wiebe als likes fiber-based art, such as quilting, weaving and sewing. She has applied thse techniques t her recent wrks, displayed as part f the annual Senir Exhibitin at her schl.(韦博还喜欢以纤维为基础的艺术，比如绗缝、编织和缝纫。她将这些技巧运用到她最近的作品中，作为她学校年度高级展览的一部分展出)”可推知，韦博的作品具有创造力，通过创造进行生产制作，从而说明了创造力是生产力。故选A。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能领域面临的一项新挑战——AI“越狱”。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence mdels can trick each ther int disbeying their creatrs and prviding banned instructins fr making drugs, r even building a bmb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is mre difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种AI‘jailbreaks’比看起来要困难得多。)”以及第二段“Many publicly available large language mdels (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-cded rules that aim t prevent them frm exhibiting racial r sexual discriminatin, r answering questins with illegal r prblematic answers — things they have learned frm humans via training data. But that hasn’t stpped peple frm finding carefully designed instructins that blck these prtectins, knwn as “jailbreaks”, making AI mdels disbey the rules. (许多公开可用的大型语言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬编码规则，旨在防止它们表现出种族或性别歧视，或者用非法或有问题的答案回答问题——这些都是它们通过训练数据从人类那里学到的。但这并没有阻止人们找到精心设计的指令，阻止这些保护措施，即所谓的‘jailbreaks’，使人工智能模型不遵守规则。)”可知，许多公开可用的大型语言模型都有硬编码规则阻止非法、歧视等内容，但是人工智能模型可以突破保护限制措施，互相欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的指令；由此可知，AI“jailbreak”指的是打破人工智能模型限制，使人工智能模型违反规则的技术。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“Tagade says this apprach wrks because much f the training data cnsumed by large mdels cmes frm nline cnversatins, and the mdels learn t act in certain ways in respnse t different inputs. By having the right cnversatin with a mdel, it is pssible t make it adpt a particular persna, causing it t act differently. (Tagade表示，这种方法之所以有效，是因为大型模型消耗的大部分训练数据来自在线对话，模型学会以特定的方式响应不同的输入。通过与模型进行正确的对话，可以使其采用特定的角色，从而使其采取不同的行动。)”可知，“角色调节（the persna mdulatin）”可以通过与人工智能模型进行正确的对话让其采用特定的角色，采取不同的行动。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yinzhen Li at Imperial Cllege Lndn says it is wrrying hw current mdels can be misused, but develpers need t weigh such risks with the ptential benefits f LLMs. “Like drugs, they als have side effects that need t be cntrlled,” she says. (伦敦帝国理工学院的Yinzhen Li表示，目前的模型可能会被滥用，这令人担忧，但开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLM的潜在好处。‘就像药物一样，它们也有需要控制的副作用，’她说。)”可知，Yinzhen Li认为，目前的模型可能会被滥用，但是开发者需要权衡这些风险与LLMs的潜在好处，由此可知，Yinzhen Li对LLMs持谨慎的态度。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence mdels can trick each ther int disbeying their creatrs and prviding banned instructins fr making drugs, r even building a bmb, suggesting that preventing such AI “jailbreaks” is mre difficult than it seems. (人工智能模型可以欺骗对方不服从其创造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸弹，这表明防止这种人工智能“越狱”比看起来更困难。)”以及下文内容可知本文介绍了人工智能“越狱”、研究者们发现的一个“越狱”过程——“角色调节”以及专家对其态度；由此可知，本文主要阐述人工智能发展面临的人工智能“越狱”这一新的挑战；C选项“AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge (AI越狱：一个新的挑战)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。
12．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Sme tddlers are very scial, but thers are shy.(有些蹒跚学步的孩子很爱交际，但有些则很害羞。)”可知，孩子的性格对于孩子社交能力的发展有着重要的影响，再由“hw quickly yur child develps int a scial creature may als depend n his temperament.(你的孩子多快发展成一个社会化的动物也可能取决于他的……。)”可知，孩子多快学会社交与他们的“性格”有关，因此划线词意为“性格”，故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research at Ohi State University in Clumbus fund that a tddler’s way f saying “I like yu” during play is likely t cme in the frm f cpying a friend’s behavir.(哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为。)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thrugh play experiences, tddlers learn scial rules. That’s why it’s s imprtant t take an active rle in yur tddler’s scial encunters by setting limits and ffering frequent reminders f what they are. When yu establish these guidelines, explain the reasns behind them(幼儿通过游戏体验学习社会规则。这就是为什么在你的孩子的社会交往中，通过设定限制和经常提醒那是什么来发挥积极作用是很重要的。当你建立这些指导原则时，请解释其背后的原因。)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，以帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Begin by helping yur child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him s sad?”), then suggest hw he culd reslve the prblem(“Maybe he wuld feel better if yu let him play the ball.”)(从帮助孩子学会同情开始：本哭了。是什么让他这么伤心？然后建议他如何解决这个问题：如果你让他玩球，也许他会感觉好一点。)”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明来帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选B项。
16．F 17．D 18．C 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章介绍了一些对大脑有好处的方法。
16．前文“In a ppular TikTk vide, Emily McDnald, a neurscience cnsultant, discusses three things she des each day t prtect her brain staying ff her phne in the mrning, thinking psitively, and aviding junk fd.(在一个流行的TikTk视频中，神经科学顾问艾米丽·麦克唐纳(Emily McDnald)讨论了她每天做的三件事来保护她的大脑——早上不玩手机、积极思考、不吃垃圾食品)”说明了Emily的建议，后文“But there’s mre t the health f the brain and the science behind it.(但大脑健康及其背后的科学还有更多)”表示还有更多的方法对于大脑有好处，F选项“麦克唐纳在视频中给出的建议并不坏”为前文建议的补充，再引出下文更多的建议，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
17．前文“Sleep helps the brain frm memries, reinfrce new cncepts and ideas, and remve the buildup f bad prteins in the brain.(睡眠有助于大脑形成记忆，强化新的概念和想法，并清除大脑中不良蛋白质的积累)”表示睡眠对于大脑的益处，D选项“它还能提高大脑适应新环境的能力”同样补充睡眠对于大脑的好处，符合语境。故选D。
18．标题表示“让你的心脏跳动起来”，后文“And a strng heart helps pump enugh bld t the brain t maintain its perfrmance.(而强健的心脏有助于向大脑输送足够的血液以维持其运转)”表示强健的心脏的好处，C选项“有规律的锻炼使心脏肌肉强壮”表示规律的锻炼对于心脏肌肉的好处，与下文“The fficial recmmendatin is t have 150 minutes’ mderate exercise a week which is nt limited t certain types f physical activities.(官方建议每周进行150分钟的适度运动，不局限于某些类型的体育活动)”建议锻炼语境一致。故选C。
19．空处为小标题，下文“But trying new things desn’t necessarily mean yu need t spend mney traveling r take up a new hbby. It can be as simple as trying a crsswrd yu haven’t dne befre.(但尝试新事物并不一定意味着你需要花钱旅行或培养新的爱好。它可以像尝试一个你以前没有做过的填字游戏一样简单)”表示这段建议尝试新的事物，E选项“尝试新事物”符合主旨。故选E。
20．标题表示“要坚持健康，全面的饮食”，前文“Many studies have shwn highly prcessed fds, like packaged gds, can increase the risk f health prblems, like diabetes and high bld pressure.(许多研究表明，高度加工的食品，如包装食品，会增加患糖尿病和高血压等健康问题的风险)”表明不当的饮食会造成一些疾病，A选项“这些疾病通常会损害整个身体”表示这些疾病对于身体的危害，当然也包括大脑，该选项与“including yur brain(包括你的大脑)”前后语境一致。故选A。
21．A 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．C 36．C 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．A
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是2022年1月22日，19岁的英国裔比利时人卢瑟福成功地将她155天前离开的超轻型飞机降落在机场，实现了她成为独自环球飞行的最年轻女性的梦想。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年1月22日，19岁的英裔比利时人卢瑟福成功地将她的微型飞机降落在155天前离开的机场，实现了她成为独自环球飞行的最年轻女性的梦想。A. landed着陆；B. left离开；C. started开始；D. tried尝试。根据下文“fulfilling her dream t be the yungest wman”可知，此处表示卢瑟福成功着陆降落。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. weeks周；B. days天；C. mnths月份；D. hurs小时。根据“155 ____2____ ag”可知，此处表示在天上飞了155天，符合常识。故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我不仅为打破吉尼斯世界纪录感到激动，而且也为将目前最年轻的男子纪录保持者（创造纪录时为18岁）和之前的女子纪录保持者（完成‘梦想翱翔’环球飞行时为30岁）之间的性别差距缩小了11岁。”A. thrilled激动的；B. upset心烦的；C. bred无聊的；D. anxius焦虑的。根据“nt nly t break the Guinness Wrld Recrd”可知，打破了世界吉尼斯记录，这让人激动。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. increase增加；B. widen加宽；C. leave离开；D. narrw缩小。根据“the gender gap by 11 years between the current yungest man recrd hlder, 18 at the time f his recrd, and the previus wman recrd hlder, wh was 30”可知，卢瑟福成功降落缩小了环球飞行的性别差距。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gained获得；B. succeeded成功；C. cmpleted完成；D. began开始。根据“the previus wman recrd hlder, wh was 30 when she ____5____ her ‘Dreams Sar’ arund-the-wrld flight.”可知，‘Dreams Sar’ arund-the-wrld flight是该女性飞行员完成的飞行任务。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福的旅程从2021年8月18日开始，横跨五大洲和52个国家。A. taking带走；B. crssing穿过；C. ignring忽视；D. missing错过。根据“five cntinents and 52 cuntries”可知，卢瑟福的旅行穿过了五个洲。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一路上她遇到了许多意想不到的耽搁。A. unseen看不见的；B. unable不能够的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. unexpected意外的。根据下文“an unscheduled stp in Califrnia”及“a stp in Alaska”可知，此处表示被一些意外的事情耽搁了。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些行程包括由于激烈的野火而在加州临时停留，以及在阿拉斯加停留更新签证。A. tested测试；B. included包括；C. fllwed跟随；D. deleted删除。根据“an unscheduled stp in Califrnia”及“a stp in Alaska”可知，行程中包括了这些意外事故。故选B项。
29．考查短语辨析。句意同上。A. thanks t多亏；B. in regard t关于；C. due t由于，因为；D. in additin t除……外。根据“stp in Califrnia ____9____ the fierce wildfires”可知，停留在加利福尼亚是由于大火。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. renew续签；B. reuse重复使用；C. recver恢复；D. review复习。根据“her visa”并结合常识可知，在阿拉斯加停留时为了更新签证，即，续签签证。故选A项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在空中也面临着一些挑战。A. defeats打败；B. prizes奖品；C. drawbacks缺点；D. challenges挑战。根据下文“Despite the severe difficulties”可知，她也在空中面临一些挑战。故选D项。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，这位坚定的年轻飞行员从未放弃她的梦想。A. smart聪明的；B. determined有决心的，坚定的；C. disabled残疾的；D. caring体贴的。根据“never gave up n her dream”可知，女孩没有放弃梦想，所以她是有决心的。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福是在飞机周围长大的。A. ships船；B. trains火车；C. airplanes飞机；D. cars小汽车。根据后文“Her British father flies cmmercially fr Emirates Airlines, while her Belgian mther is als a pilt.”可知，卢瑟福是围绕着飞机长大的。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩从14岁开始学习飞行。A. putting放；B. remembering记得；C. hating讨厌；D. learning学习。根据“hw t fly at age 14”可知，女孩14岁开始学习如何飞行。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在2020年获得了飞行执照。A. lent借出；B. purchased购买；C. btained获得；D. trained训练。根据“her flight license in 2020”可知，2020年她获得了飞机驾驶执照。故选C项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着她环球飞行的目标的实现，卢瑟福现在有了更高的目标。A. effrt努力；B. prpsal提议；C. gal目标；D. struggle奋斗。根据“flying arund the wrld attained”及文章第一段她成功着陆可知，她环球飞行的目标实现了。故选C项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. understd理解；B. waved挥舞；C. lst丢失；D. set设置，设立。根据“has her sights ____17____ even higher”可知，因为一个目标实现，所以又设定了更高的目标。have sth. dne意思为：使……被做。故选D项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她想成为一名宇航员并探索太空。A. engineer工程师；B. astrnaut宇航员；C. pilt飞行员；D. physicist物理学家。根据“explre space”可知，她想要成为一名探索太空的宇航员。故选B项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望她的旅程能鼓励更多的年轻女性追求飞行事业。A. pursue追求；B. perfrm表演，表现；C. search搜寻；D. appreciate欣赏，感激。根据“She hpes that her jurney will encurage mre yung wmen”可知，卢瑟福希望自己的旅程能鼓励更多的女性追求飞行事业。故选A项。
40．考查动词短语辨析。句意：说起来容易，但是就要努力争取它。A. g fr努力争取；B. cme t提及；C. put ff推迟；D. set abut着手，开始。根据下文“If yu dn’t try and see hw high yu can fly, then yu’ll never knw.”可知，卢瑟福表示要努力争取尝试，如果不尝试，永远不会知道自己能飞得多高。故选A项。
41．lcated 42．fr 43．was included 44．visitrs 45．imprtant 46．heavily 47．has develped 48．its 49．a 50．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了杨柳青古镇的特点。
41．考查固定短语。句意：杨柳青是位于中国北方天津市西青区的一个古镇。固定短语be lcated in：位于某地，故填lcated。
42．考查介词。句意：它以其丰富的文化遗产和艺术传统而闻名，尤其是在绘画、书法和年画领域。固定短语be knwn fr：以……闻名，故填fr。
43．考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，杨柳青被列入国家级旅游区名单，吸引了来自国内外的游客和文化爱好者。该空是句子的谓语动词，根据“in 2022”，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语Yangliuqing(单数意义)和include(包括)之间为被动关系，则谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was included。
44．考查名词。句意：2022年，杨柳青被列入国家级旅游区名单，吸引了来自国内外的游客和文化爱好者。此处为名词作宾语，需要的词义为“游客”，即visitr，它在句子中为可数名词，需要变复数，故填visitrs。
45．考查形容词。句意：它可以追溯到1400多年前，曾经是大运河沿岸的重要商业中心。此处为形容词作定语，需要的词义为“重要的”，即imprtant，故填imprtant。
46．考查副词。句意：在明(1368-1644)和清(1644-1911)时期，随着河流运输和贸易的发展，杨柳青变得富裕和人口稠密。该空修饰形容词ppulated，使用副词作状语，heavy的副词是heavily，故填heavily。
47．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，该镇发展了其艺术传统，支持有才华的画家和书法家。根据时间状语“Over the years”可知，谓语动词使用现在完成时，该句主语是the twn，为单数意义，故填has develped。
48．考查代词。句意：杨柳青拥有美丽的风景、迷人的文化景点和丰富的艺术遗产，也是许多历史古迹的所在地，如时嘉大厦、安大厦和如意街，以及文昌阁和蒲亮宝塔等文化地标。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰scenery，故填its。
49．考查冠词。句意：杨柳青拥有大量新开放的旅游景点，现在是电影和电视拍摄的热门地点，吸引了大量的电影制作人。固定短语a large number f：大量的，故填a。
50．考查定语从句。句意：杨柳青拥有大量新开放的旅游景点，现在是电影和电视拍摄的热门地点，吸引了大量的电影制作人。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，Yangliuqing是前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
51．1. release→releasing
2. Bathing→Bathed
3. excited→excitedly
4. spirit→spirits
5. a→the
6. 去掉heart前面的their
7. in→with
8. ends→ended
9. nly后面加did
10. and→but
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了学校师生篮球友谊赛的情况。
【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上周日，我们学校举行了一场师生篮球友谊赛，目的是激发学生对体育的热情，释放他们巨大的压力。as well as后的单词与f后面的fueling结构一致，应该用动名词作宾语。故将release改为releasing。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在阳光下，三年级的队员们和老师们在篮球场上比赛，周围的同学们都兴奋地看着。bathe in意思为：沐浴在……，此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语players与bathe为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故将Bathing改为Bathed。
3. 考查副词。句意同上。were watching后用副词作状语，excited为形容词，此处改为副词形式。故将excited改为excitedly。
4.考查名词。句意：两队都在兴致勃勃地发挥着自己的最佳水平。in high spirits意思为：兴趣高涨，为固定短语。故将spirit改为spirits。
5. 考查冠词。句意：虽然一开始老师们在比赛中处于领先地位，但学生们并没有失去信心，努力赶上对手。根据句意可知，此处的game为前文说过的比赛，为特指，用定冠词the。故将a改为the。
6. 考查短语。句意同上。表示“失去信心”用lse heart，此处代词多余。故将heart前面的their去掉。
7. 考查介词。句意：比赛充满了激动和激情，最终以2:2的平局结束。be filled with意思为：充满，为固定短语。故将in改为with。
8. 考查动词时态。句意同上。根据前文的was及整篇文章可知，本文描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，此处动词ends应该改为过去式。故将ends改为ended。
9. 考查助动词。句意：这场激动人心的比赛不仅缓解了学生们巨大的压力，而且还加强了他们与老师的关系。Nt nly置于句首时，所在分句要部分倒装；动词为relieve，时态为一般过去时，主语前面缺少助动词did。故在nly后面加did。
10. 考查连词。句意同上。nt nly…but als为固定短语，且als可以省略。故将and改为but。
52．One pssible versin:
Ntice
The Spring Festival, ne f the mst imprtant traditinal festivals f China, is drawing near. Thus, ur schl will hld a phtgraphy cmpetitin t shw verseas students the celebratins f Chinese New Year frm yur pints f view.
Thrugh this activity, nt nly can yu have a better understanding f ur Chinese traditinal festival, but yu can als help freign students knw mre abut ur precius cultures and ancient custms. Please send yur phts t the appinted address befre the start f schl. And make sure they are clear and psitive. All the selected wrks will be published n the schl’s website.
Please take an active part in the cntest. Lking frward t yur phtgraphy wrks.
The Students' Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为学校将举办的一场中外交流活动，写一则通知，征集以“我和春节”为主题的优秀摄影作品。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
重要的：imprtant → significant
传统的：traditinal → cnventinal
靠近：draw near → apprach
因此：thus → therefre
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thus, ur schl will hld a phtgraphy cmpetitin t shw verseas students the celebratins f Chinese May Day frm yur pints f view.
拓展句：Thus, ur schl will hld a phtgraphy cmpetitin, which is intended t shw verseas students the celebratins f Chinese May Day frm yur pints f view.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The Spring Festival, ne f the mst imprtant festivals f China, is drawing near.(运用了名词短语作同位语)
[高分句型2]
Thrugh this activity, nt nly can yu have a better understanding f ur Chinese traditinal festival, but yu can als help freign students knw mre abut ur precius cultures and custms. (运用了“nt als...”固定句式和部分倒装)