2024届贵州六校联盟高三下学期高考实用性联考（三）英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2024届贵州六校联盟高三下学期高考实用性联考（三）英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Discver the highlights f Madeira n ur 7-night guided tur departing n the 19th f March! Knwn as the “flating flwer garden”, this beautiful small island is nestled between the Canaries and Prtugal.
Return flights frm Lndn Gatwick.
B&B 3-star accmmdatin fr 7 nights.
Explre the eastern cast f Madeira, including a visit t Santana.
Uncver Pic ds Barcels, Eira d Serrad vlcan craters & Ribeir Fri natural park n guided excursins.
Unwind with plenty f free time t relax r uncver mre f Madeira independently with tips frm ur lcal guide.
Visit the charming village f Mnte & its beautiful gardens.
Enjy a typical Madeiran evening f fd and entertainment.
Was £999 Nw nly £949 per persn (pp) using cde RD50!
CLICK HERE fr mre infrmatin r t BOOK TODAY
Travel Department is delighted t partner with Reader’s Digest and ffer readers with membership exclusive discunts acrss any new 2024 hlidays. Click here t reveal the current mney-ff ffers, r simply call 0203-966-0527 and mentin Reader’s Digest t learn mre abut the savings available.
Offer price f £949 pp is valid (有效的) at the time f publishing and based n departures n 19th March 2024 and nly applies with discunt cde RD50. Prices may vary. Other dates als available.
1．What can be learned abut the tur?
A．Turists will explre Canaries and Prtugal.
B．Turists will visit Santana’s charming village.
C．Turists will cme back n the 26th f March.
D．Turists will uncver Pic ds Barcels independently.
2．Hw much will a cuple save if they reserve the tur with cde RD50?
A．£50.B．£100.C．£949.D．£999.
3．Wh can get extra discunts accrding t the passage?
A．Peple wh subscribe t Reader’s Digest.
B．Peple wh lve reading Reader’s Digest.
C．Peple wh make a call t Travel Department.
D．Peple wh scan the website f Travel Department.
William Dunn is the funder f Take a Kid Fishing, Inc., a nnprfit rganizatin in Lakeland, Flrida, wh mentrs underprivileged and fatherless kids thrugh fishing.
A dzen years ag, William nticed his six-year-ld neighbr, Camran, seemed angry. He’d strm ut f the huse, shuting at his mm. One day, William saw the by utside and started a cnversatin. Camran shared his dad wasn’t in his life.
William asked Camran’s mm fr permissin t take him fishing. Camran was “captivated” frm that first trip s the tw fished tgether several times a week, and William saw psitive changes in Camran’s behavir. “That’s when I realized Gd was calling me t help fatherless kids,” he says. Sn William was teaching Camran’s friends and ther kids in the neighbrhd t fish.
On weekends, William and ther vlunteers take kids ut fishing. William reaches ut t grup hmes t invite the kids t spend the day n the water. Many have never been fishing, s William starts by teaching the basics. Then cme the life lessns that fishing ffers: patience, teamwrk and the simple jy f relaxing in the utdrs.
William grew up in Miami in a rugh area. He and his dad had a great relatinship. Fishing was a huge part f that. “Fishing was s peaceful,” William says. “It was like an escape.” He wants t share his lve f fishing with kids wh dn’t have a father t take them. “I just want t shw them that I care abut them, that I’m there fr them,” he says.
Take a Kid Fishing, Inc., has a huge impact, but it started because William wanted t help ne kid. D yu knw a child wh might benefit frm yur friendship? Intrduce them t fishing r anther hbby yu enjy. The activity desn’t matter as much as yur presence in their lives.
4．Why did William invite Camran t g fishing?
A．William had a great passin fr fishing.B．William felt sympathetic t Camran.
C．William witnessed Camran’s misbehavir.D．William funded a nnprfit rganizatin:
5．Which ne can best replace “captivated” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Attracted.B．Observed.C．Permitted.D．Instructed.
6．What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A．Inspire peple t hld kids’ hands.B．Praise the rganizatin fr its impact.
C．Get children t knw mre abut fishing.D．Encurage peple t have ther hbbies.
7．Which wrds can best describe William?
A．Humrus and gentle.B．Enthusiastic and scial.
C．Persuasive and ambitius.D．Generus and warm-hearted.
Artificial intelligence is being intrduced t match NHS hspital patients with hme carers, meaning they can be discharged (出院)five times faster than befre.
The sftware, develped by the care prvider Cera, cntains a database f thusands f scial care staff including their availability, lcatin, specific qualificatins and language. NHS staff uplads details f patients needing scial care and within minutes, the sftware finds and ntifies the mst suitable peple available via an app. Cera launched the AI tl last mnth in five NHS regins, cvering a ppulatin f a millin. Dr Ben Maruthappu, a frmer A&E dctr wh is funder and CEO f Cera, said that the technlgy was a big leap frward in releasing and reducing NHS pressure by freeing beds.
He said, “Every day smene is in hspital when they culd be hme, which csts the NHS abut £1,500. Patients want t be at hme, nt in a hspital bed. One f the reasns why they aren’t discharged in a timely way is that care prviders aren’t able t rganise the care quickly enugh. Every day tens f thusands f patients need t be matched up with tens f thusands f carers.”
“Organising this carer-patient match just depending n peple’s effrt is a very cmplicated prcess, which is time-cnsuming and nt efficient. Nnetheless, by using AI t tackle this issue, we can rapidly match carers t patients n the same day.”
The platfrm is being intrduced at seven new “digital areas” run by Cera. It perates 24 hurs a day, seven days a week, unlike the current discharge system which ften stps ver weekends. Cera emplys mre than 10,000 staff, delivering 50,000 appintments a day.
The AI takes int accunt a patient’s specific needs. Fr example, if they have dementia r d nt speak English, it matches them with the mst suitable carer. It als schedules visits, aiming t ensure cntinuity f care, with patients seeing the same carer ver and ver.
8．What can we learn abut the sftware frm paragraph 2?
A．It reduces patients’ pressure.
B．It includes a millin staff’s infrmatin.
C．It requires patients t uplad their private infrmatin.
D．It pssesses the capacity f matching patients and carers.
9．What prevents patients frm discharging quickly accrding t the passage?
A．The special requirements f patients.B．The shrtage f experienced carers.
C．The insufficiency f care rganizatin.D．The lack f the advanced medical facilities.
10．Hw is paragraph 4 develped?
A．By giving definitins.B．By presenting examples.
C．By stating statistics.D．By making cmparisns.
11．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Patients Enjy a Better Hspital Atmsphere
B．Patients G Hme Sner with Prgram t Find Care
C．Patients Need Mre and Mre Suitable Care Staff Nw
D．Patients Receive Thughtful Care by Artificial Intelligence
D yu have a suit r dress in the clset that yu haven’t wrn fr years but are reluctant t get rid f? Maybe yu say, “I can’t thrw that away because I paid gd mney fr it?”. If yu recgnize this in yurself, then yu are suffering frm cmmitment t the sunk cst fallacy (谬论). It ccurs when we feel that we have invested t much t quit. This psychlgical trap causes us t stick with a plan even if it n lnger serves us and the csts clearly utweigh the benefits.
Arkes and Blumer cnducted a survey shwing that peple are influenced by sunk cst fallacy in their decisins. Participants imagined spending $100 n a ski trip t Michigan and $50 n Wiscnsin, realizing later they were fr the same weekend. They were tld Wiscnsin wuld be mre enjyable. When asked which trip t take, 54% chse Michigan despite the reasnable chice being Wiscnsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.
Sunk cst fallacy takes place when we let emtins clud ur decisins. Once we’ve invested in a chice, we feel guilt r regret if we dn’t fllw thrugh. We fail t realize that past csts wn’t be recvered. Instead, we base decisins n past csts, ignring present and future csts and benefits. This may be due t lss aversin (厌恶), where lsses feel wrse than gains. We avid lsses, making chices based n aviding the “lss” f ur past investment instead f cnsidering the benefits gained if we dn’t cntinue ur cmmitment.
N ne can deny the fact that we benefit a lt frm perseverance. S ur sciety lves t emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Dn’t waste. But nly yu knw the right path fr yu. Smetimes walking away is the hardest chice f all. Yu might realize a path yu’re n is n lnger the right ne r never was. That’s a painful realizatin.
12．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Peple benefit frm sticking with a plan.B．Peple’s cnsumptin view has changed.
C．Peple refuse t give up the past cmmitment.D．Peple’s clthes are becming mre expensive.
13．Why did mre than half f the participants chse the trip t Michigan in the survey?
A．T save mre f the lss.B．T appear mre reasnable.
C．T make a greater investment.D．T enjy mre f themselves.
14．When des “sunk cst fallacy” ccur?
A．When we dn’t fllw thrugh ur chices.
B．When we dn’t cntinue ur cmmitment.
C．When we stp feeling guilty and regretful.
D．When we make decisins based n past csts emtinally.
15．What is the authr’s attitude tward “perseverance”?
A．Favrable.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
There are multiple studies which demnstrate the relatinship between learning and thriving. 16 Accrding t a study by San Francisc State University, thse wh engage in frmal educatin experience greater happiness and life satisfactin verall.
Learning empwers yur self-cnfidence. Learning can be a surce f self-cnfidence. When yu knw mre, yu can cntribute yur perspectives and expertise and ask questins abut thers’ views that build n a strng fundatin f yur wn knwledge. 17
Learning builds mtivatin. By definitin, learning requires yu t realize yu dn’t already knw it all and encurages yu t try smething new and fill in gaps f infrmatin. The 85% rule, cnfirmed by research at the University f Arizna, says if yu never fail, yu wn’t be challenged t cntinue. 18 The sweet spt fr mtivatin and learning is an 85% success and 15% failure rate.
Learning advances yur career. Learning can be a pathway t smething new and t reinventing yur future. 19 In additin, greater skills and develpment f talents tend t pay ff in prmtins and pay. In a study by the Lumina Fundatin, emplyees wh tk advantage f educatinal prgrams saw a 43% increase in wages.
20 Accrding t a study by the University f Sussex, children have an academic advantage when their parents are mre educated. In additin, the University f Illinis demnstrates mre educatin tends t result in lnger lifespans and greater ecnmic achievements.
A．Learning cnnects family members.
B．Learning brings family achievements.
C．And if yu fail t frequently, yu will be demtivated.
D．This ptimistic future-viewpint is a surce f happiness.
E．Fail 15% f the time and yu are mre likely t gain success.
F．These prvide guidance abut the actins which can increase happiness.
G．Yur expanding capabilities prvide yu with a belief in yurself leading t success.
二、完形填空
Things were nt ging 21 fr David McCartney n the evening f Jan.9, 2006. The father f tw was running late fr a meeting and was 22 fr a speeding ticket (罚单). But, as fate wuld have it, the 23 put him right where he needed t be when Elizabeth Testerman’s car rushed ff the rad in frnt f his car. Thinking n his 24 , McCartney called 911, kicked in Testerman’s windshield and pulled her frm the car. “I gt t save a life,” says McCartney. “S it 25 being a pretty gd day.”
That 26 episde led t a yearslng friendship with Testerman and inspired McCartney t cntinue helping thers. In 2019 McCartney, a lngtime distance runner, 27 a kidney (肾脏)t a stranger; And since then, his 28 has been t run 50-plus-mile ultramarathns in every U. S. state t raise awareness and educate peple abut becming living dnrs. “We’re trying t get peple 29 in all 50 states. It is nt a death sentence t dnate a kidney.”
Althugh McCartney never gt t meet the persn wh 30 his kidney, he says he finds 31 in knwing that he saved a life. And he knws he’s 32 thers t. His sn Elijah,18, nw runs alngside his dad fr kids with kidney disease. In recent years the pair have 33 nearly 100 races acrss 16 states and helped dzens f kids. “Yu’ve gt t try t make a difference,” says McCartney. “It’s a big 34 . When the sun is shining, we’re 35 the rad.”
21．A．smthlyB．rughlyC．quicklyD．naturally
22．A．examinedB．stppedC．interruptedD．recrded
23．A．chanceB．mistakeC．delayD．excuse
24．A．nseB．handsC．headD．feet
25．A．paid ffB．went ffC．fllwed upD．wund up
26．A．ever-lastingB．life-changingC．awe-inspiringD．eye-catching
27．A．appliedB．attachedC．dnatedD．returned
28．A．assumptinB．struggleC．strengthD．ambitin
29．A．absrbedB．invlvedC．attractedD．trapped
30．A．receivedB．replacedC．refusedD．deserved
31．A．peaceB．jyC．curageD．respect
32．A．appreciatedB．helpedC．inspiredD．pleased
33．A．discveredB．estimatedC．spnsredD．cmpleted
34．A．sacrificeB．cmfrtC．undertakingD．acting
35．A．hittingB．pavingC．clearingD．crssing
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tight as a thread, seamless as a seal, and cupled like yin and yang, fr centuries, sunma(榫卯)structures have been prviding strng and durable supprts 36 Chinese wden architecture.
Large cmpnents f traditinal Chinese wden architecture, including clumns, beams, purlins and dugng, are ften pieced tgether 37 (use) sunma structures. The cnvex sun and the cncave ma, when interlcked, bth supprt and cntain the adjining parts. This increases stability, but als adds 38 (flexible) t the architecture, strng enugh 39 (resist) earthquakes. Craftsmen can make and prcess the cmpnents in advance and 40 (quick) put them tgether n site, 41 is simple and efficient.
Since the Shang and Zhu dynasties, carpenters 42 (prduce) mre than a hundred types f sunma structures. Frm such, 43 whle set f systematic methds was devised, frm selecting lcatins and chsing materials, t structure, measurements, and manufacture.
Fr the craftsmen wh have preserved this heritage, and fr the 44 (generatin) f peple wh have lived in and amng the spaces defined by it acrss China, wd and wden structures have always been an imprtant cnstituent f Chinese architecture.
Their styles may differ, but they all share the same rt. Chinese peple’s lve f nature and pursuit f harmnius cexistence 45 (integrate) within.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是校学生会主席李华，下周末你校将举办以“Swap Nw”为主题的一次闲置物品交换活动。请你代表学生会在校英文报为本活动撰写一则书面通知，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 注意事项。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Swap Nw
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Students’ Unin
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Banj wke up early this mrning. He pulled hard at his sister Mg’s sleeping bag. “Get ut f that,” he said. “It’s a great day fr explring.”
After breakfast, they put their bts and packs n, then set ff dwn the vergrw n track.
Having been walking fr a while, Mg suddenly stpped. “Lk,” she said, pinting thrugh the trees. “An ld hut with an ld car. Smene must have lived here years ag.”
“Maybe they’re still there,” said Banj.
“I dn’t think s,” said Mg. “Why wuld anyne want t live in that ld dump?”
“Well, let’s just check.” Banj threw a handful f stnes at the hut dr, making lud nise.
Abruptly, an ld man with gray hair and a beard rushed ut f the hut, waving a frying pan and shuting, “What d yu think yu are ding? Get ff my land! Yu are nt allwed here!”
Banj and Mg had never seen anyne s frightening. His eyes were wide and he was swinging the frying pan arund.
“Run!” Banj yelled.
The tw started running as if they were deer pursued by a hungry lin. Wild thughts raced thrugh Mg’s mind. What if he caught them? He lked half crazy. They kept running fr quite a while. Banj was well ahead f Mg. He glanced behind, n the hut man. Great. Wait, n Mg! Where is she?!
“Mg!” Banj shuted. Silence. He culd feel fear. Smething terrible must have happened t Mg. Banj felt it hard t breathe.
Suddenly, he heard a faint sund, a depressed man. Then he heard Mg’s vice; it was a panicky vice and far away. “Help! Help!”
He mved frward carefully twards Mg’s vice, knelt dwn and fund himself peering int a deep, dark hle. Mg was sitting at the bttm f the hle, sbbing, with her leg bleeding. Banj culd see the steep, slippery walls f the hle. There was n way he culd save Mg ut n his wn. He culd feel his heart punding but he had t keep calm, fr Mg’s sake.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Banj realized there was nly ne he culd turn t.
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The hut man fund a lng rpe and sme wd and fllwed Banj.
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参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是游览Madeira的一个导游团的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Discver the highlights f Madeira n ur 7-night guided tur departing n the 19th f March!(在我们3月19日出发的7晚导游团中，探索马德拉的亮点)”和第三段“B&B 3-star accmmdatin fr 7 nights.(B&B三星级住宿7晚)”可知，这次旅行3月19日出发，住宿7晚，所以游客将于3月26日回来。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Was £999 Nw nly £949 per persn (pp) using cde RD50!(以前是999英镑，现在使用代码RD50每人只需要949英镑)”可知，用代码RD50的话每个人节省的钱是999-949=50英镑，一对夫妇节省的钱就是50乘以2，等于100英镑，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Travel Department is delighted t partner with Reader’s Digest and ffer readers with membership exclusive discunts acrss any new 2024 hlidays.(旅游部很高兴与《读者文摘》合作，为读者提供2024年新假期的会员专属折扣)”可知，订阅Reader’s Digest的人可以获得额外的折扣，故选A。
4．B 5．A 6．A 7．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了William Dunn创立非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子。文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A dzen years ag, William nticed his six-year-ld neighbr, Camran, seemed angry. He’d strm ut f the huse, shuting at his mm. One day, William saw the by utside and started a cnversatin. Camran shared his dad wasn’t in his life.(十几年前，威廉注意到他六岁的邻居Camran似乎很生气。他会冲出家门，冲他妈妈大喊大叫。一天，威廉看到外面的男孩，就和他攀谈起来。Camran说他爸爸不在他的生活中。)”和文章第三段“William asked Camran’s mm fr permissin t take him fishing. Camran was “captivated” frm that first trip s the tw fished tgether several times a week, and William saw psitive changes in Camran’s behavir. “That’s when I realized Gd was calling me t help fatherless kids,” he says.(威廉请求Camran的妈妈允许他带他去钓鱼。Camran被第一次旅行‘迷住’了，所以两人每周一起钓鱼几次，威廉看到了Camran行为上的积极变化。他说：‘那时我意识到上帝呼召我去帮助没有父亲的孩子。’)”可推知，William邀请Camran钓鱼是因为对他生活中没有父亲的陪伴感到同情。故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据下文“s the tw fished tgether several times a week, and William saw psitive changes in Camran’s behavir.(于是两人每周一起钓鱼几次，William看到了Camran行为上的积极变化。)”可知，Camran被第一次钓鱼之旅“迷住”了，喜欢上了钓鱼；由此可知，captivated意为“使着迷，吸引”。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Take a Kid Fishing, Inc., has a huge impact, but it started because William wanted t help ne kid. D yu knw a child wh might benefit frm yur friendship? Intrduce them t fishing r anther hbby yu enjy. The activity desn’t matter as much as yur presence in their lives.(‘带孩子钓鱼公司’的影响力很大，但它的开始是因为威廉想帮助一个孩子。你知道哪个孩子会从你的友谊中受益吗？向他们介绍钓鱼或其他你喜欢的爱好。这些活动并不像你在他们生活中的存在那么重要。)”可知，作者想在最后一段鼓励人们握住孩子的手，去帮助孩子，向他们介绍钓鱼或其他你喜欢的爱好。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“William asked Camran’s mm fr permissin t take him fishing. Camran was “captivated” frm that first trip s the tw fished tgether several times a week, and William saw psitive changes in Camran’s behavir. “That’s when I realized Gd was calling me t help fatherless kids,” he says. Sn William was teaching Camran’s friends and ther kids in the neighbrhd t fish.( 威廉请求Camran的妈妈允许他带他去钓鱼。Camran被第一次旅行‘迷住’了，所以两人每周一起钓鱼几次，威廉看到了Camran行为上的积极变化。他说：‘那时我意识到上帝呼召我去帮助没有父亲的孩子。’不久，威廉开始教Camran的朋友和邻居的其他孩子钓鱼。)”可知，威廉邀请孩子们钓鱼，因此他是慷慨的；根据文章第五段“He wants t share his lve f fishing with kids wh dn’t have a father t take them. “I just want t shw them that I care abut them, that I’m there fr them,” he says.(他想和那些没有父亲带他们的孩子们分享他对钓鱼的热爱。他说：‘我只是想让他们知道，我关心他们，我会在他们身边。’)”可知，威廉想跟没有父亲的孩子们分享对钓鱼的热爱并且关心他们，由此可知，他是热心的。故选D。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一家护理提供商Cera开发的人工智能软件，可以为NHS医院的患者匹配到合适的家庭护理人员，使其出院速度提高了五倍。Cera首席执行官表示，这一技术的引入将释放出更多的床位，并减轻NHS的压力。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The sftware, develped by the care prvider Cera, cntains a database f thusands f scial care staff including their availability, lcatin, specific qualificatins and language. NHS staff uplads details f patients needing scial care and within minutes, the sftware finds and ntifies the mst suitable peple available via an app.(由护理提供商Cera开发的这款软件包含了数千名社会护理员的数据库，包括他们的可用性、位置、特定资质和语言。NHS工作人员将需要社会护理的患者的详细信息上传至该软件，几分钟之内，该软件会通过一个应用程序找到并通知可用的、最合适的人选)”可知，该软件中包含了数千名社会护理员的数据库，NHS工作人员将需要社会护理的患者的详细信息上传至该软件，几分钟之内，该软件会通过一个应用程序找到并通知可用的、最合适的人选，即该软件具有匹配病人和护理人员的能力。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One f the reasns why they aren’t discharged in a timely way is that care prviders aren’t able t rganise the care quickly enugh. (他们没有及时出院的原因之一是护理提供者不能足够快地组织护理)”可知，病人们没有及时出院的原因之一是护理提供者不能足够快地组织护理，即护理组织的不足。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段““Organising this carer-patient match just depending n peple’s effrt is a very cmplicated prcess, which is time-cnsuming and nt efficient. Nnetheless, by using AI t tackle this issue, we can rapidly match carers t patients n the same day.”(“根据人们的努力来组织这种医患匹配是一个非常复杂的过程，既耗时又低效。尽管如此，通过使用人工智能来解决这个问题，我们可以在同一天快速匹配护理人员和患者。”)”可知，本段将人力医患匹配的方式和人工智能匹配的方式进行比较，由此本段是以作比较的方式来开展的。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Artificial intelligence is being intrduced t match NHS hspital patients with hme carers, meaning they can be discharged (出院)five times faster than befre.(英国正在引入人工智能，将NHS医院的病人与家庭护理人员相匹配，这意味着他们出院的速度比以前快五倍)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了英国一家护理提供商Cera开发的人工智能软件，可以为NHS医院的患者匹配到合适的家庭护理人员，使其出院速度提高了五倍，由此可以让患者更快回家。B选项“Patients G Hme Sner with Prgram t Find Care(患者通过寻找护理计划更快回家)”概括主要内容，适合作为文章标题。故选B。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了“沉没成本谬误”对我们的决策产生的影响。沉没成本谬误指的是当我们感觉已经投入太多而不愿放弃时产生的心理陷阱。作者指出，这种谬误导致我们坚持计划，即使它已不再对我们有益，成本明显超过收益。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“D yu have a suit r dress in the clset that yu haven’t wrn fr years but are reluctant t get rid f? Maybe yu say, “I can’t thrw that away because I paid gd mney fr it?” If yu recgnize this in yurself, then yu are suffering frm cmmitment t the sunk cst fallacy (谬论)( 你衣柜里是否有一套多年没穿过却又舍不得扔掉的西装或裙子?也许你会说，“我不能扔掉它，因为我花了很多钱？”如果你在自己身上认识到这一点，那么你就陷入了沉没成本谬论)”可知，第一段描述的是人们不愿意放弃自己已经投入太多的事情，由此不断地坚持下去，最终只会成本明显大于收益，这种现象是“沉没成本谬论”即人们拒绝放弃过去的投入。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When asked which trip t take, 54% chse Michigan despite the reasnable chice being Wiscnsin, because they had made a greater initial investment.( 当被问及该选择哪条路线时，54%的人选择了密歇根州，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，因为他们的初始投资更大)”可知，尽管合理的选择是威斯康星州，54%的人选择了密歇根州，因为他们的初始投资更大，即在密歇根州的旅行投入了100美元，该投入多于威斯康星州的投入，所以为了避免更多的损失（即投入的100美元），人们不会选择合理的威斯康星州，而是继续选择密歇根州。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sunk cst fallacy takes place when we let emtins clud ur decisins.(当我们让情绪影响我们的决定时，沉没成本谬误就会发生)”以及“Instead, we base decisins n past csts, ignring present and future csts and benefits. (相反，我们的决策基于过去的成本，忽略了现在和未来的成本和收益)”可知，当我们情绪化地根据过去的成本做决定时，容易发生沉没成本谬误。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“N ne can deny the fact that we benefit a lt frm perseverance. S ur sciety lves t emphasize perseverance. Never give up! Dn’t waste.( 没有人能否认我们从毅力中获益良多。所以我们的社会喜欢强调毅力。永不放弃!不要浪费)”可知，此处作者强调人们可以从毅力中获益良多；同时根据本段中“ But nly yu knw the right path fr yu. Smetimes walking away is the hardest chice f all. Yu might realize a path yu’re n is n lnger the right ne r never was. That’s a painful realizatin.(但只有你自己知道哪条路适合你。有时候，离开是最艰难的选择。你可能会意识到你所走的道路不再是正确的，或者从来就不是。这是一个痛苦的认识)”可知，此处作者强调的是毅力所导致你坚持的路不一定是正确的路，因此作者认为此时不必坚持下去，而是要选择适合自己的路，即离开当下的错误坚持。因此作者对于“毅力”的态度是有褒有贬，即客观的看待“毅力”。故选B。
16．F 17．G 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是学习对于幸福感、自信心、动力和职业发展有积极的影响。此外，学习也对孩子的学业成绩、人生寿命和经济成就有积极影响。
16．根据前文“There are multiple studies which demnstrate the relatinship between learning and thriving. (有多项研究证明了学习与人们的茁壮成长之间的关系。)”可知，此处强调有多项研究证明了学习和人们的成长有着密切的联系。F选项“These prvide guidance abut the actins which can increase happiness. (这些指南为增加幸福感的行为提供了指导。)”中的these与前文的multiple studies形成呼应，强调多项研究为增加幸福感的行为提供了指导，符合语境。故选F。
17．根据本段段旨“Learning empwers yur self-cnfidence. (学习增强你的自信。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是学习能够增强自信。G选项“Yur expanding capabilities prvide yu with a belief in yurself leading t success. (你不断扩展的能力让你相信自己会走向成功。)”强调通过拓展自己的知识能够让自己相信自己获得成功，与段旨呼应，符合语境。故选G。
18．根据本段段旨“Learning builds mtivatin. ( 学习建立动力。)”以及设空处前文的内容“The 85% rule, cnfirmed by research at the University f Arizna, says if yu never fail, yu wn’t be challenged t cntinue. (亚利桑那大学的研究证实了85%法则，如果你从未失败过，你就不会受到继续前进的挑战。)”可知，此处强调从未失败是不会有动力去继续挑战。同时根据设空处后文的信息“The sweet spt fr mtivatin and learning is an 85% success and 15% failure rate. (激励和学习的最佳点是85%的成功率和15%的失败率。)”可知，激励和学习的最佳点是85%的成功率和15%的失败率，因此设空处应该强调频繁地失败也不会激励学习。C选项“And if yu fail t frequently, yu will be demtivated. (如果你失败得太频繁，你就会失去动力。)”与前后呼应，指出如果总失败的话，人则会失去动力，符合语境。故选C。
19．根据前文“Learning can be a pathway t smething new and t reinventing yur future. (学习可以是通往新事物和重塑未来的途径。)”可知，此处强调学习可以是通往新事物和重塑未来的途径，即对未来产生积极的影响。D选项“This ptimistic future-viewpint is a surce f happiness.(这种乐观的未来观是幸福的源泉。)”中的this ptimistic future-viewpint指代前文的内容及学习可以是通往新事物和重塑未来的途径，形成呼应，符合语境。故选D。
20．根据后文“Accrding t a study by the University f Sussex, children have an academic advantage when their parents are mre educated. (根据英国苏塞克斯大学的一项研究，当孩子的父母受教育程度更高时，他们在学业上具有优势。)”可知，此处强调的是学习能够给家庭中的个体带来积极影响。B选项“Learning brings family achievements. (学习成就家庭。)”概括后文的内容，符合本段段旨，即强调学习对家庭带来的积极影响，符合语境。故选B。
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了David McCartney因拯救Elizabeth Testerman的生命而改变了自己的人生。他捐赠了肾脏并参加超长马拉松比赛，帮助有肾脏疾病的人。他的儿子Elijah也加入了这个事业来帮助有肾脏疾病的孩子。 McCartney认为这是一个重要的事业，他希望通过自己的努力改变世界。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2006年1月9日晚上，David McCartney并不顺利。A. smthly顺利地；B. rughly粗略地；C. quickly快速地；D. naturally自然地。根据“fr a speeding ticket”可知，因为超速而被罚款，所以当晚是不顺利地。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个有两个孩子的父亲因为赶会议而迟到，被停下来罚款超速。A. examined检查；B. stpped停止；C. interrupted打断；D. recrded记录。根据“fr a speeding ticket”可知，David因为超速罚单而被叫停行驶。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，命运让他迟到了，正好让他停在了Elizabeth Testerman的车冲出路边的时候。A. chance机会；B. mistake错误；C. delay延迟；D. excuse借口。根据“The father f tw was running late fr a meeting and was ___2___ fr a speeding ticket”可知，David因为超速罚单而被叫停行驶，由此让他迟到开会，而正是这次迟到让他救了一个人。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦卡特尼反应迅速（急中生智），打了911，踢开了Elizabeth的挡风玻璃，把她从车里拉了出来。A. nse鼻子；B. hands手；C. head头；D. feet脚。根据“McCartney called 911, kicked in Testerman’s windshield and pulled her frm the car.”可知，David反应敏捷，拨打了电话，救出了Elizabeth，此处think n ne’s feet为固定短语，意为“急中生智”。故选D。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“所以这是一个非常美好的一天。”A. paid ff得到回报；B. went ff响起；C. fllwed up跟进；D. wund up结束。根据前文“But, as fate wuld have it, the ___3___ put him right where he needed t be when Elizabeth Testerman’s car rushed ff the rad in frnt f his car.”以及“I gt t save a life,”可知，原本David开会迟到是坏事，可是他因为迟到和超速罚款拯救了Elizabeth的性命，因此最终这一天变成了一天不错的日子。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个改变人生的事件引发了与Elizabeth Testerman长达多年的友谊，并激发了David McCartney继续帮助他人的动力。A. ever-lasting永恒的；B. life-changing改变人生的；C. awe-inspiring令人敬畏的；D. eye-catching引人注目的。根据“I gt t save a life”可知，David拯救Elizabeth Testerman是改变人生的事情。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，长期长跑的运动员David McCartney向一位陌生人捐赠了一个肾脏；从那以后，他的目标是在美国每个州跑50多英里的超级马拉松，以提高人们的意识，并教育人们成为活体捐赠者。A. applied申请；B. attached附着；C. dnated捐赠；D. returned返回。根据“a kidney (肾脏)t a stranger”以及后文的“educate peple abut becming living dnrs.”可知，David McCartney向一位陌生人捐赠了一个肾脏。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. assumptin假设；B. struggle奋斗；C. strength力量；D. ambitin抱负，目标。根据“t run 50-plus-mile ultramarathns in every U. S. state”可知，他的目标是在美国每个州跑50多英里的超级马拉松，以提高人们的意识，并教育人们成为活体捐赠者。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正努力让所有50个州的人都参与进来。A. absrbed吸收；B. invlved参与；C. attracted吸引；D. trapped困住。根据“t raise awareness and educate peple abut becming living dnrs.”可知，他的目标是在美国每个州跑50多英里的超级马拉松，以提高人们的意识，并教育人们成为活体捐赠者，因此号召人们参与该活动。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管David McCartney从未见过接受他肾脏移植的人，但他说，知道自己挽救了一条生命，他感到很高兴。A. received收到；B. replaced替换；C. refused拒绝；D. deserved值得。根据“In 2019 McCartney, a lngtime distance runner, ___7___ a kidney (肾脏)t a stranger”可知，2019年，他捐赠肾脏给一名陌生人，因此他从未见过接受他肾脏移植的人。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. peace和平；B. jy喜悦；C. curage勇气；D. respect尊重。根据“that he saved a life”可知，尽管David McCartney从未见过接受他肾脏移植的人，但他说，知道自己挽救了一条生命，他感到很高兴。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他知道他也激励了其他人。A. appreciated感激；B. helped帮助；C. inspired激励；D. pleased使高兴。根据“His sn Elijah,18, nw runs alngside his dad fr kids with kidney disease.”可知，他18岁的儿子Elijah现在和他父亲一起为患有肾病的孩子跑步，可知David的行为不仅拯救了别人的生命，同时也激励影响了别人。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，这对父子在16个州完成了近100场比赛，帮助了数十名孩子。A. discvered发现；B. estimated估计；C. spnsred赞助；D. cmpleted完成。根据“nearly 100 races acrss 16 states”可知，这对父子在16个州完成了近100场比赛。故选D。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一项艰巨的任务。当阳光灿烂的时候，我们就上路。”A. sacrifice牺牲；B. cmfrt安慰；C. undertaking任务；D. acting表演。根据“And since then, his ___8___ has been t run 50-plus-mile ultramarathns in every U. S. state t raise awareness and educate peple abut becming living dnrs.”可知，他的目标是在美国每个州跑50多英里的超级马拉松，以提高人们的意识，并教育人们成为活体捐赠者，这是一项艰巨的任务。故选C。
35．考查词义辨析。句意：“这是一项艰巨的任务。当阳光灿烂的时候，我们就上路。”A. hitting打击；B. paving铺设；C. clearing清理；D. crssing穿过。根据“In recent years the pair have ___13___ nearly 100 races acrss 16 states and helped dzens f kids.”可知，近年来，这对父子在16个州完成了近100场比赛，帮助了数十名孩子，虽然是艰巨的任务，但是当阳光明媚的时候，这对父子就开始上路，去为帮助别人而开始跑步。hit the rad“上路”是固定搭配。故选A。
36．fr 37．using 38．flexibility 39．t resist 40．quickly 41．which 42．have prduced 43．a 44．generatins 45．are integrated
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国木结构建筑中的榫卯结构的特点和使用情况，以及对今天的影响。
36．考查介词。句意：几个世纪以来，密不透风、天衣无缝、阴阳相辅相成的榫卯建筑一直为中国木质建筑提供着坚固耐用的支撑。句中为固定短语，意为“为……提供……”。故填fr。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统中国木结构建筑的大型构件，包括柱、梁、檩条和斗拱，经常使用榫卯结构拼装在一起。分析句子，句中are pieced为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处large cmpnents与use之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作方式状语。故填using。
38．考查名词。句意：这增加了稳定性，也增加了建筑的灵活性，足以抵抗地震。分析句子，设空处使用flexible的名词flexibility作宾语，意为“灵活性”，为不可数名词，故填flexibility。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中adds为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，同时enugh t d为固定短语，意为“足够去做某事”。故填t resist。
40．考查副词。句意：工匠可以提前制作和加工部件，并在现场快速组装，简单高效。分析句子，设空处使用副词quickly作状语，修饰动词put。故填quickly。
41．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的“工匠可以提前制作和加工部件，并在现场快速组装”的事实，故使用which。故填which。
42．考查动词时态。句意：自商周以来，木匠们制作了一百多种榫卯结构。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中since意为“自从”，since+过去的时间为现在完成时的标志，句子的主语为carpenters为复数。故答案为have prduced。
43．考查冠词。句意：由此，一整套系统的方法被设计出来，从选择地点、选择材料，到结构、测量和制造。句中a whle set f为固定短语，意为“一整套”。故填a。
44．考查名词。句意：对于保存这一遗产的工匠，以及居住在中国各地的几代人来说，木材和木结构一直是中国建筑的重要组成部分。此处泛指几代人，用复数名词作宾语。故填generatins。
45．考查时态语态。句意：中国人对自然的热爱和对和谐共处的追求融合在一起。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，同时句中Chinese peple’s lve f nature and pursuit f harmnius cexistence与integrate之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are integrated。
46．Swap Nw
With the intentin f advcating the spirit f diligence and thrift, an activity called Swap Nw, aiming t efficiently deal with secnd-hand items r thse nt in use, is t be launched in the schl stadium next Saturday afternn.
Listed belw are what we’d like t bring t yur attentin. Initially, nly secnd-hand r nt-in-use items are brught there fr exchange. Additinally, d insure the items which yu plan t exchange are in gd cnditin. Eventually, we Students’ Unin wuld highly appreciate it if yu are kind enugh t take away what yu bring t keep the spt tidy and clean.
It is yur participatin that really matters fr nt nly beautifying the envirnment but als arusing the awareness f building an ecnmical sciety. Welcme t sign up and have fun with us then!
Students’ Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则通知，告知学生们下周学校将要举办以“Swap Nw”为主题的一次闲置物品交换活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
举办：launch→hld
活动：activity→event
首先：initially→firstly
除此之外：additinally→in additin
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the intentin f advcating the spirit f diligence and thrift, an activity called Swap Nw, aiming t efficiently deal with secnd-hand items r thse nt in use, is t be launched in the schl stadium next Saturday afternn.
拓展句：With the intentin f advcating the spirit f diligence and thrift, an activity which is called Swap Nw, aiming t efficiently deal with secnd-hand items r thse nt in use, is t be launched in the schl stadium next Saturday afternn.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Additinally, d insure the items which yu plan t exchange are in gd cnditin. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It is yur participatin that really matters fr nt nly beautifying the envirnment but als arusing the awareness f building an ecnmical sciety. (运用了强调句型以及动名词短语作宾语）
47．
Banj realized there was nly ne he culd turn t. Withut hesitatin, he rushed t the hut. His heart beating fiercely, Banj kncked n the dr cautiusly. The dr was pen and there std the ld man, staring at him. Banj gathered all his curage, murmured an aplgy and begged the ld man t save Mg. With n reply, Banj’s heart sank and he ducked his head, trying t hide tears. At the critical mment, the ld man turned arund, searching fr smething. Banj waited utside, wrried and expectant.
The hut man fund a lng rpe and sme wd and fllwed Banj. Arriving at the hle, the hut man lit the wd s that they culd gain a clear sight int the hle. “Mg! Are yu all right?”“N...”Answered Mg in a shaky vice. The hut man slwly threw ne end f the rpe int the hle with the ther in his hands, “Fasten his rpe t yur waist and grasp it tightly. We will pull yu ut.” Mg did it accrdingly. They finally made it! Tears in eyes, the tw siblings lked at the kind and frgiving ld man, saying in earnest, “Thank yu s much.”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，故事讲述了两个兄妹Banj和Mg在探险过程中遇到了一个陌生老人。他们被老人吓到后，Banj发现Mg掉进了一个深洞，他请求老人帮助救出Mg。最终，老人用绳子将Mg救了出来，兄妹俩非常感激老人的帮助。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Banj意识到他只能求助于一个人。”可知，第一段可描写Banj鼓起勇气向老人道歉并且请求老人帮忙。
②由第二段首句内容“老人找到一根长绳和一些木头，跟着Banj。”可知，第二段可描写老人和Banj一起去营救自己妹妹的过程，以及最终向老人表达感激。
2.续写线索：
Banj鼓起勇气，向老人求救——老人寻找救助的工具——Banj焦急等待——二人去营救妹妹Mg——成功营救妹妹Mg——二人向老人表达感激之情
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲出去：rush/dash
②.看着：stare/watch
③.低着头：duck ne’s head/drp ne’s head
情绪类
①.担心的：wrried/cncerned
②.流泪：tears in eyes/tears rlling dwn
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Arriving at the hle, the hut man lit the wd s that they culd gain a clear sight int the hle.（s that 引导的目的状语从句）
[高分句型2]. At the critical mment, the ld man turned arund, searching fr smething. （现在分词作状语）