中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破38 阅读理解之记叙文（含解析）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破38 阅读理解之记叙文（含解析），共10页。试卷主要包含了材料特点，解题技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、材料特点
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
二、解题技巧
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A
（2022·山东东营·中考真题）
I’m gd in schl. I d my wrk and study a lt, but fr sme reasn, I have a very bad habit f lsing things.
Last summer, I was n vacatin with my family at the beach. On the first day, my father gave me a watch t take the place f the ne I had lst the year befre. “Yu need t have a watch, s take gd care f this ne,” he said.
The next day, I went swimming. The sun was shining n the water. The water was warm and beautiful. I swam. I flated (漂浮). I dve (潜水). I really enjyed being in the water.
By the time I returned t beach, I was quite tired s I lay dwn. At that mment, I remembered my watch and lked t see what time it was. But it was gne! I searched all afternn, but I culd nt find it.
That night at dinner, I arrived with my sleeves (衣袖) pulled dwn, hping n ne wuld ntice that I didn’t have my watch.
My sister asked, “What time is it?”
“Ask Tm,” my mther said. “He has the expensive new watch.”
Dad lked at me and said, “Dn’t tell me that yu’ve lst the watch already!”
“N!” I said. I was sweating (出汗) with great fear. I knew I was ging t be caught in a terrible lie (谎言). Just then, there was an annuncement，“Ladies and gentlemen, a very nice watch was fund n the beach tday. If yu lst ne and can identify (确认) it, please cme t the frnt desk.”
Immediately (立刻), I knew what I had t d. I slwly gt up, with my whle family staring at me. I went t the desk. There it was. The watch was nt brken. It was still wrking.
I walked back t the table, sat dwn and said in a lw vice, “I’m srry I didn’t tell the truth.” My family smiled. They knew that I had finally learned my lessn.
1．Tm’s father gave him a new watch because Tm _________.
A．needed neB．was n vacatinC．disliked his ld neD．behaved well at schl
2．What did Tm d when he fund the watch was gne?
A．He tld his father abut that.B．He asked the frnt desk fr help.
C．He spent all afternn searching fr it.D．He did nthing and cntinued lying n the beach.
3．Hw might Tm feel after saying “N”?
A．Upset.B．Wrried.C．Relaxed.D．Disappinted.
4．Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A．Tm studies hard.B．Tm swims well.C．Tm always tells lies.D．Tm ften lses things.
5．What des the underlined wrd “lessn” in the last sentence refer t?
A．Take gd care f ur things.B．It’s imprtant t listen t parents.
C．We shuld excuse thers’ mistakes.D．Face mistakes bravely rather than telling lies.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者有个爱丢东西的习惯，在去年夏天，作者又丢失了爸爸新给他买的手表，不过最后失而复得，但从这次经历中作者也懂得了：要保管好自己的东西，不再说谎。
1．细节理解题。根据“Yu need t have a watch, s take gd care f this ne”可知，因为Tm需要手表，所以爸爸给他买了一块新的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“I searched all afternn, but I culd nt find it.”可知，他花费了整整一个下午都在找手表，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“I was sweating (出汗) with great fear.”可知，他说了“不”之后，他很害怕很担心，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“I said. I was sweating (出汗) with great fear. I knew I was ging t be caught in a terrible lie (谎言). ”可知，Tm这次撒谎了，自己认为是可怕的谎言，且自己感觉到巨大的恐惧，说明他平时不撒谎，故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据“I walked back t the table, sat dwn and said in a lw vice, ‘I’m srry I didn’t tell the truth.’ My family smiled. They knew that I had finally learned my lessn.”可知，家人知道Tm吸取了教训，所以单词“lessn”指的是“我们要好好照看我们的东西”，故选A。
B
（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）
In the cave, I saw gld cins in a crner. They were Flint’s treasure! We had cme s far t find this. Already it had cst the lives f seventeen men frm the Hispanila. And hw many thers? Hw many ships had gne t the bttm f the sea? Hw many brave men had been killed fr this? Perhaps n man alive culd tell.
Next mrning, we mved all the gld t the beach. Then we tk it by bat t the Hispanila. It was a big jb fr s small a number f men.
Then at last, ne sunny mrning, we sailed ut f Nrth Inlet and twards the nearest prt (港口) in Spanish America. Befre afternn, Treasure Island had disappeared frm view, and I had never felt happier t leave a place behind.
The sun was ging dwn when we sailed int the prt, and the dctr and Mr Trelawney tk me t the beach. When we came back, Ben Gunn was waiting fr us.
“Silver has gne,” he tld us, “but nt empty-handed. He’s taken ne f the bags f cins perhaps wrth three r fur hundred guineas.”
I think we were all pleased t lse the bad man at s small a price.
We fund sme sailrs fr the ship at the prt, and then had a gd jurney hme. Only five f the men wh had sailed frm Bristl with the Hispanila returned with her. We all tk a large piece f the treasure. Sme used it wisely, but sme did nt.
Captain Smllett n lnger ges t sea. Gray saved his mney and nw is a half-wner and captain f a fine ship. Ben Gunn gt a thusand punds which he spent r lst in three weeks, then he came begging and was given a jb as a gatekeeper.
Of Silver we have heard n mre. That scary seaman with ne leg has gne ut f my life. I will never return t Treasure Island, but in my wrst dreams I still hear the sharp, high cries f Captain Flint the parrt, “Pieces f eight! Pieces f eight!”
—Adapted frm Treasure Island
6．What d yu knw frm Paragraph 1?
A．Seventeen peple left the island n the ship.
B．There were s many gld cins in the ships.
C．Many peple lst their lives fr the treasure.
D．Only the writer fund gld cins in the cave.
7．Which is the right rder f the stry?
a. We sailed int the prt.
b. We sailed ut f Nrth Inlet.
c. We mved all the gld t the beach.
d. we tk it by bat t the Hispanila.
A．c-b-d-aB．c-d-b-aC．b-a-d-cD．b-d-a-c
8．Which was true abut Silver?
A．He left with a bag f gld.B．He tk the writer t the beach.
C．He left with empty hands.D．He went hme with the writer.
9．The underlined wrd “her” refers t ________.
A．Treasure IslandB．Nrth Inlet
C．BristlD．the Hispanila
10．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．A stry abut living n an island.
B．A stry abut taking a relaxing trip.
C．A stry abut lking fr treasure.
D．A stry abut finding different jbs.
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
【导语】本文改编自一部长篇小说《金银岛》，讲述了一个关于寻找宝藏的故事。
6．细节理解题。根据“Already it had cst the lives f seventeen men frm the Hispanila. And hw many thers? Hw many ships had gne t the bttm f the sea? Hw many brave men had been killed fr this? Perhaps n man alive culd tell.”可知，许多人为了财富而丧命。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Next mrning, we mved all the gld t the beach.”，“Then we tk it by bat t the Hispanila.”和“Then at last, ne sunny mrning, we sailed ut f Nrth Inlet and twards the nearest prt (港口) in Spanish America.”可知，c-d-b-a为正确的顺序。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“‘Silver has gne,’ he tld us, ‘but nt empty-handed. He’s taken ne f the bags f cins perhaps wrth three r fur hundred guineas.’”可知，Silver带着一袋金子走了。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据“Only five f the men wh had sailed frm Bristl with the Hispanila returned with her. ”可知，在随伊斯帕尼奥拉从布里斯托尔启航的船员中，只有五人随她返回。her指代的是“the Hispanila”。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。本文改编自一部长篇小说《金银岛》，讲述了一个关于寻找宝藏的故事。C选项“一个关于寻找宝藏的故事”符合。故选C。
C
（2022·山东菏泽·三模）
Luis Mrales is 18 years ld and cmes frm a tiny village in Clmbia. Until abut seven years ag ne f Luis’s favrites was t g int the thick frest arund his hme t hunt（猎杀）wild animals, especially birds. Nw, hwever, he and a grup f ther lcal yuths wrk with an internatinal rganizatin called Wildlife Wrld, t study and prtect the birds and their envirnment.
Wildlife Wrld has set up several f these grups acrss the area. “Infrmatin we get frm the children helps us learn hw the birds and ther animals use the frest, what they eat and hw best we can prtect them. The prject has wrked very well and we hpe t set up mre grups in the future,” says area leader Felipe Rams.
Luis is the ldest and mst experienced member f his grup. “Befre I jined, I planned t be a dctr and leave the village as sn as I was ld enugh , ” Luis says. “ But nw I want t g t university, becme a scientist and return here t save these birds and their envirnment. Being part f the grup has had a huge effect（影响）n me.”
Luis als spends time with the yunger children in the village. “There is nt much t d here after schl,” he says, “ s I try t ask them t jin in ur activities. As well as bird watching and nature studies, we als d drama and art. The drama has been successful and we nw have a theater grup f 30 children. We tur in the area, perfrming different plays.”
11．Seven years ag, what was Luis’s attitude twards birds in the frest ?
A．He knew they were in danger.
B．He thught it was fun t hunt them.
C．He was nt interested in them at all.
12．What d the children d fr Wildlife Wrld?
A．They use the frest well.
B．They help lk after wildlife.
C．They prvide valuable infrmatin.
13．T knw what Luis des with the yunger children in his village, we can read ________ .
A．Paragraph 2B．Paragraph 3C．Paragraph 4
14．The writer wrte the passage mainly t ________.
A．explain why envirnmental prtectin is imprtant
B．shw hw Wildlife Wrld has changed a by
C．suggest ways t help the envirnment
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 14．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了保护环境的组织“野生动物世界”的相关内容及Luis的相关事迹。
11．推理判断题。根据“Until abut seven years ag ne f Luis’s favrites was t g int the thick frest arund his hme t hunt（猎杀）wild animals, especially birds. ”（大约七年前，Luis最喜欢的一件事就是到他家周围的茂密森林里去猎杀野生动物，尤其是鸟类。）可推断出七年前Luis觉得猎杀森林中的鸟类很有趣。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Infrmatin we get frm the children helps us learn hw the birds and ther animals use the frest, what they eat and hw best we can prtect them.”（我们从孩子们那里获得的信息帮助我们了解鸟类和其他动物如何利用森林，它们吃什么，以及我们如何最好地保护它们。）可知孩子们为野生动物世界提供了有价值的信息。故选C。
13．段落大意题。根据“‘There is nt much t d here after schl,’ he says, ‘s I try t ask them t jin in ur activities. As well as bird watching and nature studies, we als d drama and art”（“放学后这里没什么可做的，”他说，”所以我试着请他们参加我们的活动。除了观鸟和自然研究，我们还做戏剧和艺术。”）可知第四段主要讲述了Luis对村里年幼的孩子做了什么。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据“Until abut seven years ag ne f Luis’s favrites was t g int the thick frest arund his hme t hunt（猎杀）wild animals, especially birds. Nw, hwever, he and a grup f ther lcal yuths wrk with an internatinal rganizatin called Wildlife Wrld, t study and prtect the birds and their envirnment”（大约七年前，Luis最喜欢的一件事就是到他家周围的茂密森林里去猎杀野生动物，尤其是鸟类。然而，现在，他和一群其他当地年轻人与一个名为“野生动物世界”的国际组织合作，研究和保护鸟类及其环境。）可知作者写这篇文章主要是为了展示“野生动物世界”是如何改变一个男孩的。故选B。
D
（2022·山东·青岛市崂山区育才学校二模）
During the Tang Dynasty, Emperr Taizng asked the prime minister Feng Deyi t lk fr talented peple. Hwever, several mnths passed, Feng didn’t find anyne.
“I tried my best, but there are nt unusual and well-runded peple at all,” Feng said.
“Peple are like utensils (器物). What we need t d is t make gd use f their strengths. Yu shuld blame (责怪) yurself fr nt nticing talented peple. Hw culd yu say that there are n talented peple in ur cuntry?” said the emperr.
It is really true that each utensil r tl has a specific use. A knife is made t cut things while chpsticks are made t pick up fd. We can’t use a knife as chpsticks. Like a utensil, each persn has a special strength. Nbdy is perfect. We can’t expect a persn t be gd at everything.
With this idea in mind, Emperr Taizng discvered many talented peple f different backgrunds. He ffered them imprtant psitins, which helped them make the mst f their talents. A gd example is Ma Zhu, wh grew up in a pr family. Ma gave a lt f useful advice, s Emperr Taizng ffered him a psitin and prmted (晋升) him many times. Ma helped the emperr deal with difficult prblems and became a famus persn in histry. During that perid, the imprtant fficials arund Emperr Taizng, such as Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, LiJing, all were the brightest and the best f the time with their wn strng pints.
Emperr Taizng’s talented peple helped the sciety develp and created a “glden age”.
15．Why culdn’t Feng Deyi find any talented peple in Taizng’s pinin?
A．His standards were wrng.
B．There were n talented peple then.
C．He was afraid f being replaced.
D．He wasn’t satisfied with the emperr.
16．Knives and chpsticks are cmpared t ________.
A．psitinsB．backgrundsC．tlsD．peple
17．Which f the fllwing best explains “make the mst f” in Paragraph 5?
A．Cme up with smething.
B．Have smething in cmmn.
C．Put smething t gd use.
D．Bring gd luck t smething.
18．Ma Zhu is a gd example f peple wh ________.
A．have n talent but are still useful
B．are unusual and well-runded
C．knw when t take a chance
D．shw talent in the right field
19．What is the main message f the stry?
A．Opprtunity nly cmes t thse wh are prepared.
B．Talented peple shuld be valued and led t the right place.
C．Nthing in the wrld is difficult if yu put yur heart int it.
D．Appearance can be changed, but talent always stays the same.
【答案】15．A 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．B
【导语】本文主要讲了唐太宗知人善任的故事。
15．推理判断题。根据“I tried my best, but there are nt unusual and well-runded peple at all”及“Yu shuld blame (责怪) yurself fr nt nticing talented peple.”可推断唐太宗认为冯德仪找不到人才的原因是他选人才的标准是不对的。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据“A knife is made t cut things while chpsticks are made t pick up fd…We can’t expect a persn t be gd at everything.”可知此处将刀和筷子比喻成了人。故选D。
17．词句猜测题。根据上文“Like a utensil, each persn has a special strength.”结合下文的例子“A gd example is Ma Zhu…”可推测“make the mst f”的含义是“充分利用”，和“Put smething t gd use.”的含义一样。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据“A gd example is Ma Zhu, wh grew up in a pr family. Ma gave a lt f useful advice, s Emperr Taizng ffered him a psitin and prmted (晋升) him many times.”可推断马舟是一个在正确的地方发挥了才能的人才的例子。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。本文通过唐太宗知人善任的故事说明了人才应该被重视并用在正确的地方。故选B。