2024年高考第二次模拟考试题：英语（北京卷） （解析版）

这是一份2024年高考第二次模拟考试题：英语（北京卷） （解析版），共19页。
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was ready t pay fr my bananas at the grcery ne night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gne. I culd nly have left it n the G9 bus, which was nw speeding in the dark t sme 1 statin.
The 2 mment was quickly fllwed by mental math. Hw much time and mney wuld it cst t replace the cntents f that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lst t the bus.
Tw hurs later, back at my huse, I heard a knck n the dr. My husband 3 it while I was n the phne in the dining rm. “Des Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with nt a penny missing. She left befre I culd 4 make it t the dr t ffer my thanks.
After sharing the stry nline, I heard frm smene, wh identified the lady as Erin Smith. Withut 5 , I called t thank her. She said she 6 my wallet n a bus seat. She calculated that ging t a stranger’s huse was a 7 mve, but she decided t take the chance. “If I were in that situatin, I wuld want smene t try t find me.” she said.
This ne stranger respnded beautifully t my small 8 but she actually wasn’t the nly ne. Right after Erin tk pssessin f my wallet n the bus, she psted a picture f my driver’s license t an nline frum(论坛), trying t see if anyne knew me. N sner did she leave my drstep than I had emails frm tw wmen whse kids g t my sn’s nursery and wh recgnized my face. I’ve never exchanged wrds with thse mms beynd small talk, but they wanted t help. I read that peple are mre divided than ever, but that’s nt hw the peple I 9 tend t act.
Lking back , I feel blessed smene had wanted t help a stranger. Erin had gne beynd what almst anyne wuld have dne, finding my huse n a bitterly cld night, and fr that I was extremely 10 .
1．A．accessibleB．unknwnC．familiarD．cnvenient
2．A．face-savingB．brain-washingC．heart-stppingD．eye-catching
3．A．ignredB．interruptedC．examinedD．answered
4．A．stillB．everC．yetD．even
5．A．delayB．questinC．regretD．invitatin
6．A．threwB．placedC．penedD．sptted
7．A．selflessB．riskyC．delightfulD．persnal
8．A．crisisB．dangerC．encunterD．failure
9．A．encunterB．fllwC．cnsultD．accmpany
10．A．lngingB．gratefulC．cncernedD．enthusiastic
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。作者在乘坐公交车时不小心丢失了钱包，没想到一位女士亲自上门将捡到的钱包还给了他；与此同时，其他认识但不熟悉的朋友在得知这个事情后也试图帮助他，作者不禁有着深深的感激之情。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽车上了，车子正在黑暗中加速驶向某个未知的车站。A. accessible 可到达的、可进入的；B. unknwn 未知的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. cnvenient 方便的。根据本句句意可知，作者把钱包落在公交车上了，而公交车现在还在行驶中，作者不知道车子下一站会在哪里停，所以是未知的车站。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个令人心悸的时刻之后，我心里很快就开始了算计。A. face-saving 保全面子的；B. brain-washing 洗脑的；C. heart-stpping 令人心悸的；D. eye-catching 夺人眼球的。根据第一段“when fear seized me”可知，作者发现钱包丢了时是很害怕的，所以这个时刻是令人害怕的、令人心悸的。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打电话时，我丈夫开了门。A. ignred 忽视；B. interrupted 打断、打扰；C. examined 测验、检查；D. answered 回答；answer the dr 去开门。根据上一句“I heard a knck n the dr”可知有人敲门，而本句的“it”指“dr”，所以这里是我丈夫去开门。故选D。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还没来得及走到门口道谢，她就离开了。A. still 仍然；B. ever 曾经；C. yet 还、仍然；D. even 甚至。根据上一句“with nt a penny missing”可知，钱包里的钱分文未少，而作者还没来得及道谢她就走了，这里应该是一种递进关系，进一步表现了这位女士做好事不图名利，用even（甚至）符合语境。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻打电话向她道谢。A. delay 延迟；withut delay 立即、毫不耽搁；B. questin 问题；withut questin 毫无疑问；C. regret 遗憾、后悔；D. invitatin 邀请。根据前文“She left befre I culd even make it t the dr t ffer my thanks.”可看出作者未能道谢，心中是有遗憾的，所以在知道了这位女士是谁后，立即就打电话致谢。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在一辆公交车的椅子上发现了我的钱包。A. threw 扔；B. placed 放置；C. pened 打开；D. sptted 发现。根据前文“ I culd nly have left it n the G9 bus,”可知，作者应该是把钱包落在了公交车上，所以这名女士应该是在公交车上发现了钱包后上门来交给了他。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她盘算着去一个陌生人的家里是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险一试。A. selfless 无私的；B. risky 冒险的；C. delightful 令人愉快的；D. persnal 个人的。根据句中“take the chance”（冒险）可知，作者认为去一个陌生人的家中是有风险的。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应。A. crisis 危机；B. danger 危险；C. encunter 偶遇；D. failure 失败。根据第二段“Hw much time and mney wuld it cst t replace the cntents f that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lst t the bus.”可知，丢了钱包会对作者造成很多困难，引起许多不便，对她而言是一次小的危机。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我理解人们比以往任何时候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是这样的。A. encunter 偶遇、邂逅；B. fllw 跟随；C. cnsult 咨询、请教；D. accmpany 陪伴。根据前文的“This ne stranger respnded beautifully t my small crisis.”和上一句“I’ve never exchanged wrds with thse mms beynd small talk, but they wanted t help”可知，这些愿意帮助别人的人很多都是作者偶然遇到的陌生人或是没有说过几句话的朋友，所以这里用encunter符合语境。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin做了几乎任何人都不会做的事，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到了我家，为此，我极其感激。A. lnging 渴望的；B. grateful 感激的、感谢的；C. cncerned 关心的；D. enthusiastic 热情的。根据第四段“ I called t thank her. ”并结合本句句意可知，作者对Erin的善行是非常感激的。故选B。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Nwadays, there exists a cmmn phenmenn. A man walks 11 the sidewalk, a smartphne in hand and cmpletely absrbed in the digital wrld. Just as 12 cmputers achieved befre, smartphnes are nw changing ur life. I am truly grateful fr the cnvenience brught by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxius. T stay infrmed, I cnstantly update my WeChat.
That's why I ften find 13 (me)absent-minded.
【答案】11．n/alng 12．what 13．myself
【解析】这是一篇说明文。智能手机正在改变我们的生活，带来许多便捷，但是也让“我”感到焦虑。
11．考查介词。句意：一名男子走在人行道上，手里拿着智能手机，完全沉浸在数字世界中。表示“走在人行道上”可用介词n或者alng。故填n/alng。
12．考查宾语从句。句意：就像以前的电脑一样，智能手机正在改变我们的生活。宾语从句“cmputers achieved befre”中缺少achieved的宾语，且指事物，所以应用what。故填what。
13．考查反身代词。句意：那就是我经常发现自己心不在焉的原因。主语和宾语都是“我”，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填myself。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tday, there is a trend that the yungsters haven't enugh sleep during the night. Lack f sleep amng children and teenagers in China 14 (get) wrse in the past ten years, with mre than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep n schl days, a reprt 15 (publish)n Mnday said. Chinese yungsters slept an average f 7.8 hurs a night n schl days last year, 20 minutes 16 (little) than in 2009，accrding t the reprt frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences 'Institute f Psychlgy.
【答案】14．has gt 15．published 16．less
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究报告显示青少年在晚上没有足够的睡眠已经成为一种趋势。
14．考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语in the past ten years可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为Lack f sleep，不可数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has gt。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词reprt与publish之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填published。
16．考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的平均睡眠时间为7.8小时，比2009年减少了20分钟。less than少于。故填less。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why was the x chsen t be ne f the 12 Chinese zdiac signs(生肖)? Centuries ag, mst peple 17 (earn)their living thrugh farming. Tday, the phrase "the spirit f x" still refers t vercming anything 18 may present itself as an bstacle(障碍). The spirit 19 (praise) highly and many peple fllw it as their wrk principle. When smene achieves a great accmplishment(成就)thrugh hard wrk，peple ften use "niu", meaning "awesme" 20 (describe) him r her.
【答案】17．earned 18．that 19．is praised 20．t describe
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对“牛”的精神和内涵进行了介绍。
17．考查一般过去时。句意：几个世纪以前，大多数人靠务农为生。根据Centuries ag可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填earned。
18．考查定语从句。句意：今天，“牛精神”仍然是指克服任何可能出现的障碍。定语从句“may present itself as an bstacle”中缺少主语，且先行词anything为不定代词，所以只能用关系代词that。故填that。
19．考查被动语态和一般现在时。句意：这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作原则。动词praise意为“表扬”，和主语spirit构成被动关系。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is praised。
20．考查t d不定式。句意：当某人通过努力工作取得了巨大成就时，人们经常使用“牛”（意思是“令人敬畏的”）来描述他或她。表示用“牛”来描述他或她，应用t d不定式表目的。故填t describe。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Althugh travelling alne may sund discuraging, sl travel is cntinuing t rise in ppularity. There may be numerus reasns why smene is travelling independently. Here are ur tp reasns t travel by yurself.
Time fr yu
Sme peple say sl travel is the cmfrt and relaxatin f having yur very wn. Hwever, fr thse lking fr sme mre adventurus “me-time,” sl turs als typically ffer plenty f free time t g it alne. During yur time at leisure, yu have the freedm t d yur wn explratin, see the sights yu want t see r simply relax and take it easy. With n-ne t cmprmise with, it’s ttally up t yu.
Meet like-minded peple
Sl travel desn’t mean yu have t travel alne. Sl travelers cme frm all walks f life, but they usually all share the same passin — a desire t see the wrld! It’s ften the peple yu meet n hliday that are the max highlight f the entire trip and, even thugh yu’re travelling alne, yu’ll have amazing memries f the shared experiences yu had tgether with peple in yur grup. Take plenty f pictures t remember frever.
Yu’ll never be alne
Grup travel is ideal fr sl travelers as it ffers the pprtunity t a grup f like-minded peple, each interested in their chsen destinatin. Being part f a grup prvides extra security (especially key fr independent female travelers wh may feel anxius abut being n their wn) and fr everyne there is the benefit f an expert lcal guide wh is keen t share their knwledge. The guides als accmpany yu n turs and can ffer suggestins n what t see and d in yur leisure time t ensure yu have an authentic and enjyable experience.
S, if yur friends and family are unable t jin yu n yur dream hliday, dn’t let that stp yu. Travel Department is delighted t partner with Reader’s Digest and ffer their readers an exclusive discunt n 2023 & 2024 hlidays. T discuss any questins r make a bking simply call 0203 966 0527.
21．What is the best part f the entire sl trip?
A．The beautiful scenery n the way.B．The freedm t chse yur destinatin.
C．The peple yu meet during the trip.D．The pictures yu take alng the way.
22．What can a lcal guide ffer?
A．Prtectin and security measures.B．Cmpany and persnalized suggestins.
C．Knwledge and leisure activities.D．Freedm and enjyable experience.
23．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T educate.B．T explain.C．T advertise.D．T instruct.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了应该单独旅行的三个理由。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s ften the peple yu meet n hliday that are the max highlight f the entire trip and, even thugh yu’re travelling alne, yu’ll have amazing memries f the shared experiences yu had tgether with peple in yur grup.(通常你在假期遇到的人是整个旅行的最大亮点，即使你是一个人旅行，你也会和你的团队成员一起分享你的经历)”可知，整个独自旅行最棒的部分是旅途中遇到的人。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Being part f a grup prvides extra security (especially key fr independent female travelers wh may feel anxius abut being n their wn) and fr everyne there is the benefit f an expert lcal guide wh is keen t share their knwledge. The guides als accmpany yu n turs and can ffer suggestins n what t see and d in yur leisure time t ensure yu have an authentic and enjyable experience. (作为团体的一部分提供了额外的安全保障（特别是对于独立的女性旅行者来说，她们可能会对自己感到焦虑），对每个人来说，都有一个热衷于分享知识的专业当地导游的好处。导游也会陪你一起旅行，并为你提供一些建议，告诉你在闲暇时间该看什么、做什么，以确保你有一个真实而愉快的经历)”可知，当地导游能提供陪伴和个性化的建议。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“S, if yur friends and family are unable t jin yu n yur dream hliday, dn’t let that stp yu. Travel Department is delighted t partner with Reader’s Digest and ffer their readers an exclusive discunt n 2023 & 2024 hlidays. T discuss any questins r make a bking simply call 0203 966 0527.(所以，如果你的朋友和家人不能加入你的梦想假期，不要让它阻止你。旅游部很高兴与读者文摘合作，为读者提供2023年和2024年假期的独家折扣。讨论任何问题或预订只需拨打0203 966 0527)”可推知，文章的目的是做广告。故选C。
B
When Fina Allen was seven, her parents tk her t the theatre t see a prductin The Huse at Ph Crner. Instantly, Allen fell in lve. But althugh she tk part in schl and cllege plays, she never thught it culd lead t a career. Instead, she studied business at university, wrking fr the Land Register f Sctland until she retired in 2012. Her newly free time reignited (重新点燃) a decades-ld spark. “I still wanted t d smething with my brain s I went back t university t study theatre and perfrmance,” says Allen.
That year, she tk part in a flk drama wrkshp and discvered mumming, an ancient masked frm, in which male actrs travel thrugh villages, perfrming simple plays, ften in exchange fr fd r shelter. “It’s a simpler stry than cnventinal plays. It has ne central cnflict rather than slw character develpment. It’s rted in histry and invlves mre imprvisatin (即席创作) because the play is always tailred t a lcal audience,” says Allen.
Interest grew and Allen set up her grup — the Meadws Mummers — as a charity, t attract wider supprt and dnatins. Its first perfrmance was in 2015, at the Meadws festival in Edinburgh. Things snwballed frm there. As well as turing central Sctland, the grup went t the Internatinal Mumming Sympsium and Uncnventin in Glucestershire in 2016, and learned mre abut the histry f flk drama.
Mre recently, life circumstances have made perfrming difficult. “I’ve had health prblems.” She says that, at times, she has cnsidered giving up, but gets t much jy frm ding it t stp. “We’ve just dne ne perfrmance this year but I’m really excited that we’re getting ready fr mre festivals next year.”
The drive t keep ging is inspired by an experience mre than 30 years ag. “I was in a natinal park in Yugslavia when I saw a wman staring attentively at this green river,” she says. “She tld me she was ging blind and wanted the river t be the last beautiful thing she ever saw.” Whenever dubt creeps in (不知不觉产生), Allen recalls that encunter and feels frced t cntinue grasping life with bth hands. “Just because yu’ve reached 60, it desn’t mean the drawbridge has been pulled up,” says Allen.
24．Why did Allen study theatre and perfrmance after retirement?
A．T earn a degree.B．T take up her interest.
C．T please her parents.D．T find a better jb.
25．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut cncerning mumming?
A．Its features.B．Its histry.C．Its significance.D．Its prspect.
26．What des the underlined wrd “snwballed” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Develped.B．Cllapsed.C．Stuck.D．Frze.
27．What des Allen intend t tell us by the encunter?
A．Art is lng, life is shrt.B．Rman was nt built in a day.
C．Where there’s a will, there is a way.D．We shuld try t live in the mment.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．A 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Fina Allen退休后重拾以前的兴趣，参加了一个民间戏剧研讨会，随着兴趣的增长，艾伦成立了她的团体——梅多斯戏迷——作为一个慈善组织，以吸引更广泛的支持和捐赠。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her newly free time reignited (重新点燃) a decades-ld spark. “I still wanted t d smething with my brain s I went back t university t study theatre and perfrmance,” says Allen.(她最近的空闲时间重新点燃了几十年前的火花。“我仍然想用我的大脑做点什么，所以我回到大学学习戏剧和表演，”艾伦说)”可知，艾伦退休后学习戏剧和表演是为了重拾兴趣。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“That year, she tk part in a flk drama wrkshp and discvered mumming, an ancient masked frm, in which male actrs travel thrugh villages, perfrming simple plays, ften in exchange fr fd r shelter. “It’s a simpler stry than cnventinal plays. It has ne central cnflict rather than slw character develpment. It’s rted in histry and invlves mre imprvisatin (即席创作) because the play is always tailred t a lcal audience,” says Allen.(那一年，她参加了一个民间戏剧研讨会，并发现了一种古老的蒙面表演——戴面具化装表演（mumming），男演员穿梭于村庄，表演简单的戏剧，通常以换取食物或住所。“这是一个比传统戏剧更简单的故事。它有一个中心冲突，而不是缓慢的角色发展。它根植于历史，包含更多的即兴创作，因为戏剧总是为当地观众量身定制，”艾伦说)”可知，第二段主要讲了戴面具化装表演（mumming）的特点。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“As well as turing central Sctland, the grup went t the Internatinal Mumming Sympsium and Uncnventin in Glucestershire in 2016, and learned mre abut the histry f flk drama.(除了在苏格兰中部巡回演出外，该团队还参加了2016年在格洛斯特郡举行的国际戴面具化装表演研讨会和非大会，并了解了更多关于民间戏剧的历史)”可知，这个团队得到了很大发展，去了很多地方演出。故划线词意思是“发展”，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The drive t keep ging is inspired by an experience mre than 30 years ag. “I was in a natinal park in Yugslavia when I saw a wman staring attentively at this green river,” she says. “She tld me she was ging blind and wanted the river t be the last beautiful thing she ever saw.”(30多年前的一次经历激发了我们继续前进的动力。她说：“我在南斯拉夫的一个国家公园里，看到一个女人聚精会神地盯着这条绿色的河流。”“她告诉我她快要失明了，希望这条河成为她见过的最后一条美丽的东西”)”以及“Whenever dubt creeps in (不知不觉产生), Allen recalls that encunter and feels frced t cntinue grasping life with bth hands.(每当疑虑袭来时，艾伦就会回忆起那次遭遇，并感到被迫继续用双手抓住生活)”可推知，艾伦想通过这次相遇告诉我们：我们应该努力活在当下。故选D。
C
Frm a yung age, many f us learn the benefits f being an extrvert —thse individuals wh always seem t be the life and sul f the party, ften utspken and able t express their pinins fluently. Hwever, nt all f us are wired that way —s is being an extrvert really better?
While thinking f an extrvert, we imagine a character wh is determined, apprachable, cheerful and charming. We are taught t admire these persnalities early n. Kids are ften encuraged t interact, play and cmmunicate with ther children. It seems at times as thugh children are made t have a mre utging lifestyle, with sme peple becming false extrverts intrverts wh cpy extrvert behavir. While externally they may seem t enjy the cmpany f thers, r being in the center f public attentin, they can still becme ver—extended in intense scial situatins.
S, while the psitive aspects f being an extrvert are plain t see, what are the benefits f intrversin? Althugh extrverts depend n scial interactin, intrverts are mre cmfrtable with levels f islatin. Accrding t Dr Berit, a cllege prfessr, extreme islatin such as times like the lckdwn, des nt affect intrverts as much as extrverts. Lack f scial cntact, smething extrverts rely n, can lead t depressin, lneliness, and even death.
But it’s nt just in an extreme situatin that an intrvert shines thrugh. These peple seem t have mre time fr deep thught and thus can becme mre balanced. They als tend t be gd listeners and think befre they speak, meaning they culd becme great friends. Finally, intrverts are ften fantastic bservers, as sitting ut f the fcus can give them mre time t watch the behavir f thers.
S, whatever yur persnality, either intrvert r extrvert, there are clear advantages t being either, and if yu meet an intrvert, yu might just end up with an amazing friend.
28．Which statement is true accrding t Dr Berit?
A．Intrverts shuld learn frm extrverts.B．Extrverts tend t becme better friends.
C．Intrverts prefer staying cut ff frm thers.D．Extrverts find it tugher t handle islatin.
29．What des paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A．The influence f intrverts.B．The strengths f being intrverts.
C．The causes f intrverts’ behavir.D．The persnalities f false intrverts.
30．What’s the purpse f the text?
A．T state a viewpint.B．T advcate a lifestyle.
C．T intrduce a technique.D．T describe a phenmenn.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了外向者和内向者不同的特点和各自的优势，同时指出疫情封锁对这两种人的影响。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Accrding t Dr Berit, a cllege prfessr, extreme islatin such as times like the lckdwn, des nt affect intrverts as much as extrverts. Lack f scial cntact, smething extrverts rely n, can lead t depressin, lneliness, and even death.(“根据大学教授Berit博士的说法，像封锁这样的极端孤立对内向者的影响不如外向者大。缺乏社交联系，外向者所依赖的东西，可能会导致抑郁、孤独，甚至死亡)”可知，D选项“外向的人发现很难处理孤独”正确。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第四段“But it’s nt just in an extreme situatin that an intrvert shines thrugh. These peple seem t have mre time fr deep thught and thus can becme mre balanced. They als tend t be gd listeners and think befre they speak, meaning they culd becme great friends. Finally, intrverts are ften fantastic bservers, as sitting ut f the fcus can give them mre time t watch the behavir f thers.(但内向的人不只是在极端情况下才会表现出色。这些人似乎有更多的时间进行深入思考，因此可以变得更加平衡事物。他们也是很好的倾听者，说话前会三思，这意味着他们可以成为很好的朋友。最后，内向的人往往是出色的观察者，因为远离焦点可以让他们有更多的时间观察别人的行为)”可知，第4段主要告诉我们内向者的优势。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“S, whatever yur persnality, either intrvert r extrvert, there are clear advantages t being either, and if yu meet an intrvert, yu might just end up with an amazing friend.(所以，无论你的性格是内向还是外向，都有明显的优势，如果你遇到一个内向的人，你可能会成为一个很棒的朋友)”结合文章主要说明了外向者和内向者不同的特点和各自的优势，同时指出疫情封锁对这两种人的影响。可推知，这篇文章的目的是陈述观点。故选A。
D
Human respnses t mral dilemmas (道德困境) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT, accrding t a study published in Scientific Reprts. The findings indicate that users may undervalue the extent t which their wn mral judgments can be influenced by the chatbt.
Sebastian Krigel and clleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right t sacrifice (牺牲) the life f ne persn in rder t save the lives f five thers. They fund that ChatGPT wrte randm statements arguing bth fr and against sacrificing ne life, indicating that it is nt biased twards a certain mral stance (立场).
The authrs then presented 767 U.S. participants, wh were n average 39 years ld, with a dilemma whether t sacrifice ne persn’s life t save five thers. Befre answering, participants read a statement prvided by ChatGPT arguing either fr r against sacrificing ne life t save five. Statements were frm either a mral advisr r ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent f participants reprted that their answers were nt influenced by the statements they read. Hwever, the authrs fund that the answers participants believed they wuld have prvided withut reading the statements were still mre likely t agree with the mral stance f the statement they did read than with the ppsite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.
The authrs suggest that the pssibility fr chatbts t influence human mral judgments highlights the need fr educatin t help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They prpse that future research shuld design chatbts that either decline t answer questins requiring a mral judgment r answer these questins by prviding multiple arguments and warnings.
31．What are ChatGPT’s answers t a certain mral stance?
A．changeable.B．valuable.C．creative.D．simple.
32．What is learned abut the participants?
A．They admitted the pwer f ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a mral advisr.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknwingly.
D．They were presented with different mral dilemmas.
33．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Different findings f the study.B．Future pssibility fr chatbts.
C．Majr fcuses f future educatin.D．Slutins t the impact f chatbts.
34．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．ChatGPT Tends t Cause Mral Panics.
B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely t Affect Our Life?
C．ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us S Nervus?
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Mral Judgments.
【答案】31．A 32．C 33．D 34．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段“They fund that ChatGPT wrte randm statements arguing bth fr and against sacrificing ne life, indicating that it is nt biased twards a certain mral stance (立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回复不一致，是可改变的。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可推知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
33．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authrs suggest that the ptential fr chatbts t influence human mral judgments highlights the need fr educatin t help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They prpse that future research shuld design chabts that either decline t answer questins requiring a mral judgment r answer these questins by prviding multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们建议，未来的研究应该设计出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天机器人)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Human respnses t mral dilemmas (道德困境) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT, accrding t a study published in Scientific Reprts.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响)”和倒数第二段中“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，文章介绍了关于人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的过程和发现，最后还提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。由此推知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”是研究的主题，也是文章最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are several reasns t use canvas (帆布) grcery bags r reusable grcery bags made frm ther materials. 35 They pint ut reusable bags can be a small change with a big difference.
Frm an envirnmental perspective, canvas grcery bags are better chices than paper r plastic bags. 36 Besides, turning t reusable supplies is viewed as greener than using dispsable (一次性的) prducts, many f which wind up in landfills because a cmmunity lacks the ability t recycle them.
Plastic grcery bags have a number f envirnmental drawbacks. When plastic grcery bags end up in the natural envirnment, they can cause a wide range f prblems. Animals may chke n r be trapped in such bags. 37 While the bags may eventually break dwn, they can pisn a large number f sea creatures alng the way. Paper bags will bidegrade much mre quickly, but they still require the use f timber, a resurce which sme peple wuld prefer t see left in frests
It may be upsetting t lse a batch f grceries due t a prly-cnstructed grcery bag 38 . They can als be easily washed in the event f leaks.
39 Fr example, they can be used t pick up bks at the library r carry ther shpping, and they make great beach bags because f their wash ability. Fr peple wh dn’t want t carry a grcery stre lg, canvas grcery bags can be turned inside ut and left plain r painted with new designs, and sme cmpanies sell plain bags which peple can dye r decrate t taste.
A．Many grcery stres carry canvas grcery bags.
B．Yu nly have t buy a canvas grcery bag nce.
C．Hwever, canvas grcery bags can hld mre weight.
D．Canvas grcery bags have uses beynd the grcery stre.
E．What’s wrse, plastic can stay in the cean fr thusands f years.
F．Canvas is mre envirnmentally friendly t prduce than paper r plastic.
G．Sme envirnmental rganizatins have been pushing fr the use f such bags.
【答案】35．G 36．F 37．E 38．C 39．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。通过与其他材质的购物袋比较， 帆布购物袋更环保，更结实，可以重复使用，易清洗，也可在其他场合使用。
35．根据上文“There are several reasns t use canvas (帆布) grcery bags r reusable grcery bags made frm ther materials.(使用帆布购物袋或由其他材料制成的可重复使用的购物袋有几个原因)”可知，设空处具体说明其原因，一些环保组织提倡使用帆布的或者其他材料做的可反复使用的购物袋，G项：Sme envirnmental rganizatins have been pushing fr the use f such bags(一些环保组织一直在推动使用这种购物袋)以及后句“They pint ut reusable bags can be a small change with a big difference. (他们指出，可重复使用的购物袋可能是一个小小的改变，但却有很大的不同)”，其中的They指代G项的Sme envirnmental rganizatins，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
36．上文“Frm an envirnmental aspect, canvas grcery bags are better chices than paper r plastic bags. (从环保的角度来看，帆布购物袋是比纸袋或塑料袋更好的选择)”为本段的中心句，下文“Besides, turning t reusable supplies is viewed as greener than using dispsable (一次性的) prducts, many f which wind up in landfills. (此外，使用可重复使用的产品被认为比使用一次性产品更环保，因为许多一次性产品最后都被填埋了)”可知，下文与设空处为并列关系，从环保的角度解释“帆布购物袋比纸袋或塑料袋更好”，F项：Canvas is mre envirnmentally friendly t prduce than paper r plastic. (帆布生产起来比纸或塑料更环保)，F项阐述的是不同材料的购物袋在生产过程中环保程度的比较，下文则是从使用次数，以及最终处理方式方面的比较，上下文衔接连贯，故选F项。
37．上文“Plastic grcery bags have a number f envirnmental drawbacks. When plastic grcery bags end up in the natural envirnment, they can cause a wide range f prblems. Animals may chke n r be trapped in such bags. (塑料购物袋对环境有许多不利之处。当塑料购物袋最终进入自然环境时，它们会引起广泛的问题。动物可能会被这些袋子噎住或夹住)”，本段的第一句为中心句，表明本段主要讲述塑料购物袋不利环保。第二句为具体陈述塑料购物袋的第一个弊端，下文“While the bags may eventually break dwn, they can pisn a wide range f sea creatures alng the way. (虽然塑料袋最终可能会分解，但它们会毒害沿途的各种海洋生物)”则说明塑料袋的分解也会毒害生物，E项：What’s wrse, plastic can stay in the cean fr thusands f years.(更糟糕的是，塑料可以在海洋中停留数千年)，其中plastic为复现词，陈述了塑料购物袋在海洋环境不利，故本段具体陈述了塑料袋导致的3个环境问题，上下文衔接连贯，故选E项。
38．上文“It may be upsetting t lse a batch f grceries due t a prly-cnstructed grcery bag.(如果因为购物袋的构造不好而丢失了一批杂货，这可能会让人心烦意乱)”可知，本段说明了有的购物袋不结实，C项：Hwever, canvas grcery bags can hld much mre weight than regular nes. (然而，帆布购物袋比普通购物袋能承受更大的重量)，此处与上文为转折关系，强调了帆布袋的承重能力优于其他材料的购物袋，下文“They can als be easily washed in the event f leaks.(在泄漏的情况下，它们也可以很容易地清洗)”，此处的They指代C项中的canvas grcery bags，陈述了帆布购物袋的第二个优点，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选C项。
39．设空处为本段的中心句，下文“Fr example, they can be used t pick up bks at the library r carry ther shpping, and they make great beach bags because f their washability.(例如，它们可以用来在图书馆取书或携带其他购物物品，而且由于它们的可洗性，它们是很棒的海滩包)”说明了这些包的其他用途，D项“Canvas grcery bags have uses beynd the grcery stre. (帆布购物袋的用途超出了杂货店)”，下文中的they指代D项中的Canvas grcery bags，下文起到举例说明的作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题,共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分）
阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Everyne needs it, but n ne wants t ask fr it. “Help” has becme a srt f dirty wrd, implying weakness and neediness, that we can’t handle ur prblems n ur wn. Hwever, whether it be fr yur physical, mental r academic health, getting wrds f advice r encuragement frm an utside surce can make all the difference.
During a time f such uncertainty, the frequency f peple requesting help fr anxiety and depressin has increased. The current situatin has made peple realize they can’t be alne with their thughts, and that asking fr help frm prfessinals is the best way t get their prblems ff their chests and their minds n the rad t wellness.
Still, requesting help carries a scietal weight. The British Psychlgy Sciety fund that tw types f stigmas (羞耻、耻辱) exist: public stigma and self stigma. A “public stigma” is external, a cllectin f beliefs frm arund us, which hlds a heavy weight n ur ideas n seeking help. A “self stigma” is internal, assigning urselves labels based n ur state f mental health, claiming we are wrthless and undeserving f help. “Public” and “self” stigmas g hand in hand, and when we hear the stigmas being viced by thse arund us, we tend t apply them t urselves because f scial influences, especially thse cncerning mental health.
T be ur better selves, we have t break the stigma arund “help” and accept the fact that sme prblems are t tugh t vercme n ur wn. If we fail t break the stigma arund the wrd “help”, we ignre the increasingly mre relevant necessity f getting urselves assistance in times f need. Despite what sciety may tell us, it’s nt dd r wrng t get help — it’s prbably ne f the mst insightful and curageus things we can d fr urselves.
Each ne f us shuld be able t penly admit that we need help, whether it be fr prblems we face with schl r fr internalized struggles with mental health. Smetimes we need supprt, and that isn’t bad — it’s healthy, and remarkably brave.
40．Accrding t the passage, why is “help” cnsidered a “dirty wrd”?
41．What is explained in paragraph 3?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Breaking the stigma arund “help” can increase ur need f seeking help.
43．What d yu think are sme ther benefits f asking fr help? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
Because sme peple think if they ask fr help, it means they are t weak t handle their wn prblems by themselves.
The secnd paragraph is mainly abut the scial influence cntributing t the “help” becming a dirty wrd and intrduced tw types f stigmas : public stigma and self stigma.
Breaking the stigma arund “help” can increase ur need f seeking help. The underlined part is wrng because breaking the stigma arund “help” can imprve urselves.
43．It is likely that if yu can ask smebdy fr help, yu can make a gd friend because that makes the ther feel they are needed and trusted, and als yu can learn a lt during the prcess.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了现在“帮助”一词竟然被污名化，意味着软弱无能。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段““Help” has becme a srt f dirty wrd, implying weakness and neediness, that we can’t handle ur prblems n ur wn.(“帮助”已经变成了一个肮脏的词，暗示着软弱和需要，我们不能自己处理我们的问题)”可知，“help”被污名化，是因为人们认为自己需要别人帮助就意味着自己弱势，不能把自己的问题处理好。故答案为Because sme peple think if they ask fr help, it means they are t weak t handle their wn prblems by themselves.
41．考查段落大意。根据第三段“Still, requesting help carries a scietal weight. The British Psychlgy Sciety fund that tw types f stigmas (羞耻、耻辱) exist: public stigma and self stigma...(尽管如此，寻求帮助还是有社会影响的。英国心理学会发现存在两种类型的污名:公众污名和自我污名……)”及后面对两种情况详细展开的介绍可知，本段主要讲述了心理学家发现两种类型的求助耻辱心理：公众污名和自我污名。 故答案为The secnd paragraph is mainly abut the scial influence cntributing t the “help” becming a dirty wrd and intrduced tw types f stigmas : public stigma and self stigma.
42．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“T be ur better selves, we have t break the stigma arund “help” and accept the fact that sme prblems are t tugh t vercme n ur wn.( 要成为更好的自己，我们必须打破围绕“帮助”的污名，并接受这样一个事实：有些问题很难靠我们自己克服)”可知，作者认为打破这个求助的耻辱感，才可以接受事实，适当求助，完善提升自我，所以说“Breaking the stigma arund “help” can increase ur need f seeking help.”意为：打破“帮助”的污名会增加我们寻求帮助的需求，就会更多地去求助别人，这个说法是错误的。应改为Breaking the stigma arund “help” can imprve urselves. 故答案为Breaking the stigma arund “help” can increase ur need f seeking help. The underlined part is wrng because breaking the stigma arund “help” can imprve urselves.
43．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。遇到困难自己解决不了，向人求助有很多好处。例如，真心求助会使对方感到被需要，被信任而真心帮助，甚至会成为好朋友，求助者也会向对方学到很多知识。参考答案为It is likely that if yu can ask smebdy fr help, yu can make a gd friend because that makes the ther feel they are needed and trusted, and als yu can learn a lt during the prcess.
第二节（共20分）
．假定你是校英文报的记者李华，上周五你校学生会在体育场刚举办了一场“慈善义卖”(Charity Sale)活动，请你写一篇英语报道。要点如下：
1. 活动目的和过程;
2. 活动反响及意义。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】
Aimed at helping the students frm pverty-stricken areas, the Student Unin launched a grand Charity Sale last Friday at ur schl’s stadium, which witnessed the kindness and genersity f all the students and teachers present.
As scheduled, the activity began at 3:00 p.m., lasting three hurs. What came first was a mving speech delivered by a vlunteer, mirrring the authentic life f the needy students and kindling the kindness. What subsequently fllwed was the exciting sales sectin where many secnd-hand items, ranging frm electrnic devices t ld fancy clthes, were sld at a pretty lw price. S enthusiastic were ur schlmates and teachers that all gds were snapped up within hurs. All the mney raised wuld be sent t the Red Crss and distributed t thse needy students.
This Charity Sale prved successful and meaningful. Nt nly did we students prmte ur scial respnsibilities, but we als understd every bit f ur kindness culd pile up enrmus strength.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇英语报道，报道一下校学生会在体育场刚举办了一场“慈善义卖”(Charity Sale)活动，内容包括活动的目的和过程以及反响和意义。
【详解】1.词汇积累
见证：witness →see
按计划：as scheduled →as planned
令人感动的：mving →tuching
证明是：prve →turn ut
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：All the mney raised wuld be sent t the Red Crss and distributed t thse needy students.
拓展句：All the mney which was raised wuld be sent t the Red Crss and distributed t thse needy students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Aimed at helping the students frm pverty-stricken areas, the Student Unin launched a grand Charity Sale last Friday at ur schl’s stadium, which witnessed the kindness and genersity f all the students and teachers present.（运用了过去分词短语作状语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】S enthusiastic were ur schlmates and teachers that all gds were snapped up within hurs.（运用了s…that…引导结果状语从句以及倒装句）