上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学闵行紫竹分校2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学闵行紫竹分校2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学闵行紫竹分校2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题原卷版docx、上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学闵行紫竹分校2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. Nt play cmputer games. B. Finish the schl prject.
C. Nt turn n the cmputer. D. Wait fr the wman t arrive.
2. A. Read an article fr the prject. B. Read all the articles related.
C. Wrk n the prject alne. D. Fcus n ne science thery.
3. A. The weather. B. The tiring trip. C. The scenery. D. The air pllutin.
4. A. At an airprt. B. On a plane. C. In a restaurant. D. At an exhibitin.
5. A. 1:00. B. 3:00. C. 4:00. D. 5:00.
6. A. The wman made a jke f Tm. B. Tm was hpelessly pr at maths.
C. The man culdn’t believe the news. D. Tm caught a student cheating.
7. A. He has already given up eating salt. B. He plans t cntrl bld pressure.
C. He may die sn if he eats salt. D. He says gdbye t the wman.
8. A. The wman feels srry fr being t late. B. The man can’t g t the shw tmrrw.
C. They can enjy t the shw tnight. D. The shw will be held mre than nce.
9. A. He wants t brrw a guidebk. B. He asks the wman t buy the bk.
C. He can’t affrd a bk frm the library. D. He brrws a bk frm the wman.
10. A. She will be busy in the afternn. B. She desn’t enjy wrking with the man.
C. She wants t wrk n the reprt nce again. D. She desn’t find it necessary t revise the reprt.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 14 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
11. A. T many planes taking ff and landing at the same time.
B. T many passengers waiting t bard the aircraft.
C. T many bags and cases that need lading int planes.
D. T many cmplaints abut plane tickets being ver sld.
12. A. Ask fr mre cash t make up fr lst time. B. Chse the free-trip ticket ver cash.
C. Cnsult their family befre they decide. D. Guarantee their seats n the next flight.
13. A. Over-bking. B. Special fare systems. C. Business flight. D. Hliday discunts.
14. A. G t thse less busy airprts. B. Eat enugh fd befre barding.
C. Make clear why yur flight is delayed. D. Vlunteer fr the next flight fr a better seat.
Questins 15 thrugh 17 are based n the fllwing passage.
15. A. It is a rare cnditin fr human beings. B. It is the result f the bdy’s lack f heat.
C. It is nt a fatal cnditin even if nt fund early. D. It is nt bvius as the patient shws few signs.
16. A. Wearing a bat, a scarf and a pair f glves is imprtant.
B. It’s essential t have all the clthes stay as dry as pssible.
C. Sweating after t much labur is dangerus in the cld seasns.
D. Tw layers f light clthes are better than ne layer f heavy clthing.
17. A. It brings warmth by hlding heat inside bdies.
B. It is a fun way t lwer the bdy’s temperature.
C. It makes the human bdy less able t hld heat.
D. It increases the risk f falling r hurting neself.
Questins 18 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing passage.
18. A. T demnstrate hw much they missed their hme cuntry.
B. T indicate their lyalty t the Rman Cathlic religin.
C. T shw that they were prud f their natinal culture.
D. T prtest against their lw scial status in America.
19. A. Festive fd and drink. B. The wearing f the green.
C. Irish parades and music. D. A plitical statement.
20. A. It’s the clr f the wild fields in Ireland.
B. It’s the sle clur f the Irish natinal flag.
C It’s the riginal clur assciated with St. Patrick’s Day.
D. It’s replaced by blue in celebratin frm the 17th century.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Medieval (中世纪的) manners
While I was grwing up, “keep yur elbws (肘) ff the table” was a cmmn remark at dinner time. But, as I learned in ur recent pdcast episde with medieval histrian and authr Cybulskie, such remarks have a lng histry — ___1___ (date) all the way back t the Middle Ages.
In the medieval perid, manners prved mre imprtant than tday and ___2___ (prize) particularly by scial climbers, because a firm grasp f manners was a way f standing ut frm the crwd: “It shwed yu were wrldly and educated, and ready t hang ut with the mst imprtant peple f the day.”
But what wuld have ingratiated (讨好) yu with a medieval hst, and what kinds f scial faux pas (失礼) wuld have ensured ___3___ yu were never invited back? Practising gd hygiene was key, particularly when it came t the dinner table. In this era, dining was a much ___4___ (intimate) experience, accrding t Cybulskie, than it is tday. When sharing a meal with a dining partner, yu wuld als be sharing cups and plates.
“Dn’t blw yur nse at the table, r wipe yur face n the tableclth,” Cybulskie advised. As well as listing sme behaviur ___5___ (avid), Cybulskie shared tips n hw t be an attentive dining partner. “Yu wuld want t give the best prtins f fd t yur partner at the table,” she said, “and make sure they were cmfrtable and well taken care f.”
Such scial cdes were set ut in handbks at the time, ne f ___6___, The Bk f the Civilised Man, written in the early 14th century, was aimed at bys and yung men — and, with advice ___7___ (tailr) t this audience, warned its yung readers against “making bdily functin jkes at the table”.
Scial cnventins extended ___8___ the dining hall. When visiting smene’s huse, fr instance, it was cnsidered fashinable t wash yur hands n arrival, ___9___ that yu didn’t bring dirt inside. Thugh this is ne custm that is in line with us in the 21st century, thers feel decidedly medieval: ne bk asks readers “t make sure yu ____10____ (get) dwn frm yur hrse befre entering smene’s huse”.
【答案】1. dating
2. were prized
3. that 4. mre intimate
5. t avid
6. which 7. tailred
8. beynd 9. s
10. get
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要分享了自己从中世纪历史学家和作家Cybulskie最近的播客节目中了解到的一些中世纪的社交礼仪和用餐规则。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，正如我从中世纪历史学家和作家Cybulskie最近的播客节目中了解到的那样，这样的言论历史悠久，可以一直追溯到中世纪。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词have，空处是非谓语动词，date back t“追溯到”和such remarks逻辑上是主动关系，应用date的现在分词形式作状语。故填dating。
【2题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中世纪时期，礼仪被证实比今天更重要，尤其受到想挤入上流社会者的高度重视，因为牢牢掌握礼仪是一种从人群中脱颖而出的方式。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据“In the medieval perid”和“prved”可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，prize“珍视，高度重视”和主语manners之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were prized。
【3题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但是，怎样才能取悦一个中世纪的主人呢？什么样的社交失礼会确保你永远不会被邀请回来呢？分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作ensured的宾语，宾语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。
【4题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：据Cybulskie说，在那个时代，用餐是一种比现在亲密得多的体验。根据“much”和“than it is tday”可知，此处是在进行比较，空处应用intimate的比较级形式。故填mre intimate。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了列出一些应该避免的行为，Cybulskie还分享了如何成为一个细心的用餐伙伴的建议。分析句子可知，空处是修饰behaviur的后置定语，behaviur是avid“避免”行为的承受对象，且此处强调的是人们在用餐时应该避免一些行为，因此用avid的不定式形式，主动形式表被动。故填t avid。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这样的社会规范在当时被写进了手册中，其中一本写于14世纪早期的《文明人之书》是针对男孩和年轻人的，并为这些读者提供了量身定制的建议，警告年轻读者不要“在餐桌上开身体功能的玩笑”。分析句子可知，空处和空前的ne f搭配，形成“代词+f+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词handbks指物，因此应用关系代词which。故填which。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这样的社会规范在当时被写进了手册中，其中一本写于14世纪早期的《文明人之书》是针对男孩和年轻人的，并为这些读者提供了量身定制的建议，警告年轻读者不要“在餐桌上开身体功能的玩笑”。分析句子可知，此处用with的复合结构，空处为宾语补足语，tailr“定制”和逻辑主语advice是动宾关系，应用tailr的过去分词形式。故填tailred。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：社会习俗延伸到餐厅之外。根据“extended”和“the dining hall”可推知，此处用动词短语extend beynd表示“超出，延伸至更远的范围或时间”。故填beynd。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：例如，去别人家做客时，一进门就洗手被认为是一种时尚，这样你就不会把尘土带进去。“不会把尘土带进去”是“一进门就洗手”的结果，结合空后的“that”可推知，此处用固定结构s that“因此”引导结果状语从句。故填s。
【10题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然这是一个符合我们21世纪的习俗，但其他习俗则明显是中世纪的：一本书要求读者“在进入别人的房子之前一定要从马上下来”。分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“asks”可知，此处是从这本书的角度描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为yu，get应保持原形。故填get。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Wedding Bills
Grwing up, little girls are brainwashed int believing that their wedding is the mst imprtant day f their lives. Yu’re suppsed t dream abut it since childhd and when yur big day finally arrives, walk like a princess with all yur friends and family dressed t the nines, watching ____11____ in the audience. But real life isn’t directed by Disney and in reality, weddings are anything but the fairy tale day that we were taught t believe. In China, weddings are ____12____ and mre ften than nt, it’s a mney-making event nt just fr the wedding planner, but als fr the bride and grm. It’s all a transactin ____13____ in a white veil (面纱).
S hw’s a typical wedding in China different? First f all, in China, the grm’s family is expected t pay fr the wedding. Weddings in China tend t be massive events, and the ____14____ culture and lcal belief that the mre peple cme t celebrate the mre luck the cuple will have plays a huge part in that. In the US, it’s cmmn fr the cuple t have a gift ____15____. But in China, yu bring cash in red envelpes. In recent years sme bridesmaids have even been seen wearing QR cdes arund their necks fr wedding guests t scan t ____16____ their wedding gift mney. Online, sme have praised this trend as prviding safety and cnvenience fr the cuple. Others call it tacky (俗气), cmparing it t ____17____ an admissin fee t watch a spectacle (壮观的场面). One bride admitted t me that her guest list fr 40 tables cnsisted f friends, family and acquaintances she knew wuld be generus. It’s als an unspken custm in China that even if yu can’t ____18____ attend smene’s wedding, yur mney is expected t make an appearance.
Mving n t the wedding phts. In China when yu arrive at the ____19____, yu’ll mst likely see a giant pster f the cuple in their wedding clthes. Here, there’s n such thing as bad luck fr the grm t see the bride in her wedding dress befre the big day s mst cuples wuld take their wedding phts in advance. T be frank, I find this the mst reasnable way t d it. There’s already enugh ____20____ n the wedding day, s why add t it by thrwing a pht sht in there t?
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. F 14. E 15. H 16. J 17. B 18. G 19. K 20. I
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在中国婚礼的陋习——把婚礼当作赚钱的活动，大肆收礼金。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：你应该从小就梦想它，当你的大日子终于到来时，你像公主一样走着，你所有的朋友和家人都打扮得漂漂亮亮的，在观众席上崇拜地看着你。修饰动词watching应用副词，作状语；结合常识和“when yur big day finally arrives, walk like a princess”可知，此处是指家人和朋友都崇拜的看着新娘，副词adringly“崇拜地”符合题意。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在中国，婚礼是一件让人筋疲力尽的事，而且通常情况下，这不仅是婚礼策划者的赚钱活动，也是新娘和新郎的赚钱活动。空处作表语，描述中国婚礼的特征，应用形容词；根据“it’s a mney-making event nt just fr the wedding planner, but als fr the bride and grm.”可知，此处谈论中国婚礼不好的方面，因此形容词exhausting“令人疲惫的”符合题意。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：这一切都是包裹在婚纱里的交易。上文提到中国婚礼是一场赚钱的活动，已经失去了原本的意义，由此可知，它是一场包裹着婚纱的交易，动词package“包裹”符合句意，和名词transactin是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在中国，婚礼往往是一场盛大的活动，而送礼文化和当地人的信仰——越多的人来庆祝，新婚夫妇就会越幸运——在其中发挥了重要作用。空处作定语，根据下文“In the US, it’s cmmn fr the cuple t have a gift 5 . But in China, yu bring cash in red envelpes.”可知，此处谈论的送礼文化，因此形容词gifting“礼物的”符合题意。故选E。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：在美国，新人登记礼物是很常见的。空处应填单数名词作宾语，结合常识可知，在美国新人会登记亲友送来的礼物是什么，因此名词registry“登记”符合题意。故选H。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：近年来，一些伴娘甚至在脖子上戴着二维码，供婚礼客人扫描后转账。空处应填动词原形，根据“wearing QR cdes”和“their wedding gift mney”可知，此处是指通过扫描二维码转账礼金，因此动词transfer“转移”符合题意。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：另一些人则认为这很俗气，将其比作收取入场费观看奇观。结合上文提到婚礼送红包，甚至通过二维码收取礼金推知，一些认为这种做法俗气的人把这种行为看作是收取入场费观看奇观，动词charge“收费”符合句意，介词t后用其动名词形式。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：在中国，即使你不能亲自参加某人的婚礼，你的钱也会出现在婚礼上，这也是一个不言而喻的习俗。空处应填副词修饰动词attend，根据“yur mney is expected t make an appearance”可知，此处是指如果不能亲自参加婚礼，礼金也要送到，副词physically“身体上”符合题意。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：在中国，当你到达婚礼现场时，你很可能会看到一张新人穿着婚纱的巨幅海报。空处作宾语，结合“yu’ll mst likely see a giant pster f the cuple in their wedding clthes”可知，此处是指达到婚礼现场，名词venue“场所”符合题意，根据“a giant pster”可知，用该名词的单数形式。故选K。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：婚礼当天已经有足够的压力了，为什么还要在婚礼上再拍一张照片呢?空处应填名词作主语，结合上文提到婚礼当天新人忙着收礼金可知，作者认为这已经很有“压力”了（一种讽刺的说法），没有“精力”再拍照，因此放一副巨幅海报在婚礼现场；故名词stress“压力”符合题意，为不可数名词。故选I。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Heads r Tails?
Careful: It’s nt 50-50
The phrase “cin tss” is a classic synnym fr randmness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____21____ that even fair cins tend t land n ne side slightly mre ften than the ther. Prving this tiny bias, ____22____, wuld require hundreds f thusands f carefully recrded cin flips, making labratry tests a lgistical (后勤的，组织协调的) ____23____.
František Bartš, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methds f psychlgy at the University f Amsterdam, became interested in this ____24____ fur years ag. He culdn’t ____25____ enugh vlunteers t investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 vlunteers frm six cuntries. Multiple weekends f cin flipping later, including ne 12-hur marathn ____26____, the team perfrmed 350,757 tsses, breaking the previus recrd f 40,000.
With ne side initially upward, the flipped cin landed with the same side facing ____27____ as befre the tss 50.8 percent f the time. The large number f thrws allws ____28____ t cnclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in cin flips after this data set,” Bartš says.
The leading thery explaining the ____29____ advantage cmes frm a 2007 physics study by Stanfrd University statisticians, whse calculatins predicted a same-side bias f 51 percent. Frm the mment a cin is launched int the air, its entire track — including whether it lands n heads r tails — can be calculated by the laws f _____30_____. The researchers determined that airbrne cins dn’t turn arund their symmetrical axis (对称轴); _____31_____, they tend t mve ff-center, which causes them t spend a little mre time high in the air with their initial “up” side n tp.
Fr day-t-day decisins, cin tsses are as gd as randm because a 1 percent bias isn’t _____32_____ with just a few cin flips, says statistician Ameli, wh wasn’t invlved in the new research. Still, the study’s cnclusins shuld eliminate any lasting dubt regarding the cin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence _____33_____ the bias,” she says.
It isn’t difficult t prevent this bias frm influencing yur cin-tss matches; simply _____34_____ the cin’s starting psitin befre flipping it shuld d the trick. But if yur friends are _____35_____ the tiny bias, yu may as well benefit frm yur slight advantage. After all, 51 percent dds beat a casin’s huse advantage. “If yu asked me t bet n a cin,” Bartš says, “why wuldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?”
21.
A. cnfirmedB. deniedC. recrdedD. suspected
22.
A. therefreB. hweverC. fr exampleD. vice versa
23.
A. nightmareB. cntextC. interventinD. delay
24.
A. cinageB. disciplineC. challengeD. phrase
25.
A. cperate withB. rund upC. shrug asideD. cunt n
26.
A. analysisB. raceC. interviewD. sessin
27.
A. upwardB. evenlyC. dwnwardD. unifrmly
28.
A. vlunteersB. gamblersC. psychlgistsD. statisticians
29.
A. accidentalB. dminantC. subtleD. prejudiced
30.
A. mechanicsB. relativityC. gemetryD. chemistry
31.
A. mreverB. insteadC. likewiseD. initially
32.
A. insignificantB. accessibleC. inclusiveD. perceptible
33.
A. reversingB. integrating withC. backing upD. rejecting
34.
A. cncealingB. shiftingC. perceivingD. anchring
35.
A. favurable tB. ppsed tC. unaware fD. suspicius f
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统上认为抛硬币是一种具有随机性的行为，但自18世纪以来，数学家就怀疑即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率会略高于朝另一面。近期František Bartš通过招募志愿者进行大规模抛硬币实验，发现硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%，证明了存在微小的偏差，为此前的理论计算提供了实验证据。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但自18世纪以来，数学家们就怀疑，即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率也会略高于朝另一面的概率。A. cnfirmed确认；B. denied否认；C. recrded记录；D. suspected怀疑。根据上文“The phrase “cin tss” is a classic synnym fr randmness.”和表示转折的“But”可知，数学家们并不同意抛硬币的结果是随机的这一看法，因此是怀疑概率并不均等。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. therefre因此；B. hwever然而；C. fr example例如；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____1____ that even fair cins tend t land n ne side slightly mre ften than the ther.”可知，数学家们从理论上进行猜想已经有很长时间了，再结合下文“Prving this tiny bias”和“wuld require hundreds f thusands f carefully recrded cin flips”可知，实际证明这种微小的偏差需要大量的实验数据，因此前后是转折的关系，强调进行实际证明很困难。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. nightmare噩梦；B. cntext背景；C. interventin干预；D. delay延迟。根据上文“Prving this tiny bias, ____2____, wuld require hundreds f thusands f carefully recrded cin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，因此这会让实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：František Bartš目前是阿姆斯特丹大学心理学研究方法的博士攻读者，他四年前开始对这个挑战感兴趣。A. cinage铸币；B. discipline纪律；C. challenge挑战；D. phrase短语。根据上文“Prving this tiny bias, ____2____, wuld require hundreds f thusands f carefully recrded cin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，是一种挑战，因此此处指他开始对这个挑战感兴趣。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始他召集不到足够的志愿者来进行调查。A. cperate with和……合作；B. rund up把……聚集在一起；C. shrug aside对……满不在乎；D. cunt n依靠。根据下文“he tried again, recruiting 47 vlunteers frm six cuntries”可知，后来他再次尝试，从六个国家招募了47名志愿者，因此此处指一开始召集不到足够的志愿者，rund up和下文的recruiting呼应。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多个周末的抛硬币，包括一段12小时的马拉松时间，该团队进行了350757次抛硬币，打破了之前40000次的记录。A. analysis分析；B. race竞赛；C. interview面试；D. sessin一段时间。根据上文“Multiple weekends f cin flipping later”可知，他让志愿者们进行了多个周末的抛硬币，此处是介绍抛硬币的时长，指其中包括一段长达12小时，堪称马拉松的抛硬币时间。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果一开始硬币的一面朝上，那么这枚被抛的硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%。A. upward向上地；B. evenly均匀地；C. dwnward向下地；D. unifrmly一致地。根据上文“With ne side initially upward, the flipped cin landed with the same side facing”可推知，此处指一开始朝上的那一面最终落地也朝上。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的抛掷让统计学家得出结论，近1%的偏差不是侥幸。A. vlunteers志愿者；B. gamblers赌徒；C. psychlgists心理学家；D. statisticians统计学家。根据上文“The large number f thrws”和下文“t cnclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸)”可推知，大量的抛掷具有统计学意义，可以让统计学家得出近1%的偏差不是侥幸的结论。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：解释这种微妙优势的主要理论来自斯坦福大学统计学家2007年的一项物理学研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差。A. accidental意外的；B. dminant主导的；C. subtle微妙的；D. prejudiced有偏见的。根据下文“yu may as well benefit frm yur slight advantage”可知，这是一种微妙的优势，subtle和下文的slight呼应。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面着地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。A. mechanics力学；B. relativity相对论；C. gemetry几何学；D. chemistry化学。根据上文“its entire track — including whether it lands n heads r tails”及常识可推知，能计算出被抛掷的硬币的整个轨迹，以及哪一面着地的是力学定律。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确定了，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动；相反，它们倾向于偏离中心，这导致它们在空中停留的时间更长，而最初“向上”的那一面是在上面的。A. mrever此外；B. instead相反；C. likewise同样地；D. initially最初地。根据上文“airbrne cins dn’t turn arund their symmetrical axis (对称轴)”和下文“they tend t mve ff-center”可知，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动，它们倾向于偏离中心，前后是相反的情况，因此用instead“相反”衔接。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有参与这项新研究的统计学家Ameli说，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，因为仅仅抛几次硬币是察觉不到1%的偏差的。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. accessible可接近的；C. inclusive包容的；D. perceptible可察觉的。根据上文“Fr day-t-day decisins, cin tsses are as gd as randm”可知，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，再结合常识可知，这是因为日常生活中不可能大量抛硬币，这种偏差是无法察觉的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：她说：“这是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。”A. reversing倒车；B. integrating with与……融合；C. backing up支持；D. rejecting拒绝。根据上文“the study’s cnclusins shuld eliminate any lasting dubt regarding the cin flip’s slight bias”可知，Bartš的研究结论消除了人们对硬币抛掷存在轻微偏差的一切长期怀疑，因此是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要防止这种偏差影响你的掷硬币比赛并不难；只要在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置就可以了。A. cncealing遮盖；B. shifting转移；C. perceiving察觉；D. anchring使固定。根据上文“It isn’t difficult t prevent this bias frm influencing yur cin-tss matches”可知，此处是介绍如何防止这种偏差影响掷硬币比赛，因此是在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置，这样就无法知道哪一面朝上，无法获得微弱偏差带来的优势。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果你的朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差，你也可以从你的微小优势中受益。A. favurable t有利于；B. ppsed t反对；C. unaware f未察觉到；D. suspicius f怀疑。根据下文“yu may as well benefit frm yur slight advantage”可推知，能让自己从微小优势中受益的条件是朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差。故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
______
By Walt Jacksn
The article entitled “New By in Twn” prmpts me t tell f my wn experience in bxing, way back in 1921. I was the banj player f a dance rchestra.
By a strange cincidence, three f the fur musicians were expert bxers. But the nly ne wh wned a set f bxing glves was me—wh knew nthing at all f bxing—s I tk them alng t the summer resrt near the American brder where we had a full seasn’s engagement, bxing in the dance hall. It had a rf, but n sides. The tw cmbatants wuld stand, nt sit, in tw imaginary crners. One wuld shut “Bng!” as we had n gng (锣) t start the rund. If either f the cmbatants wanted t quit, he wuld shut “Bng!” and that was the end f the rund.
We tk turns bxing each ther. Either I was a slw learner r they were fast teachers. I shuted “Bng!” s ften that it became secnd nature; but as the seasn advanced, I imprved a bit and made a name fr myself. That name was “Battling Linleum” because I spent s much time n the flr.
At last the seasn was drawing t a clse, Labr Day being the finish. On the Saturday befre Labr Day, a newcmer named Bb bked int ur bardinghuse. He asked me if I wuld care t take n a rund with him. I agreed. He was much shrter than I was, and I felt cnfident I culd hld him ff, wing t my lnger reach. Hwever, nne f the rchestra bys was arund, fr which I was srry. I wanted them t see hw much I had imprved under their expert guidance.
I said “Bng!” and he went “Bang!” Rund ne was ver. There wasn’t any secnd rund. It was tw minutes befre I culd breathe.
After the last dance n Labr Day night, I said gdbye t Bb and gave him my bxing glves. I have never wrn any since. I fund ut later that his jb was plishing huge slabs f marble (大理石板) at a nearby quarry (采石场)—by hand! “Bng!”
The mral f this stry is: If a man has an ld-age pensin, he shuld give up bxing with a quarry man. There’s n future in it!
36. Which f the fllwing statement is TRUE abut Walt’s dance rchestra?
A. The rchestra was established in 1921.B. All the members were expert bxers.
C. They spent the whle seasn bxing.D. The bxing ring was well furnished.
37. Walt was nicknamed “Battling Linleum” because ______.
A. he was ften kncked ut nt the flrB. he made rapid imprvement in the battle
C. shuting “Bng” became secnd natureD. battle fuelled his curage like petrleum
38. Hw did Walt feel when Bb challenged him t bxing?
A. He felt srry t be a slw learner.B. He was cnfident f winning.
C. He was frightened by Bb’s “Bang”.D. He felt t excited t breathe.
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. Anther New By in TwnB. Musicians in Bxing Ring
C. Unbeatable Battling LinleumD. Uncle Walt’s Last Fight
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在1921年时的一次拳击经历。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the nly ne wh wned a set f bxing glves was me—wh knew nthing at all f bxing—s I tk them alng t the summer resrt near the American brder where we had a full seasn’s engagement, bxing in the dance hall.(但唯一拥有拳击手套的，恰巧是对拳击一窍不通的我。于是，我带着这副手套来到了位于美国边境附近的一个避暑胜地。在那里，我们有满季的预约，在舞厅里进行拳击表演)”可知，他们整个季节都在打拳击。故选C项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That name was “Battling Linleum” because I spent s much time n the flr.(这个名字叫“Battling Linleum”，因为我很多时间在地板上)”可知，沃尔特因为经常被击倒在地，所以被戏称为“Battling Linleum”。故选A项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He was much shrter than I was, and I felt cnfident I culd hld him ff, wing t my lnger reach.(他比我矮得多，我有信心能挡住他，因为我的胳膊伸得更远)”可知，当鲍勃向他挑战拳击时，沃尔特有信心获胜。故选B项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“The article entitled “New By in Twn” prmpts me t tell f my wn experience in bxing, way back in 1921. I was the banj player f a dance rchestra.(这篇题为《初来乍到》的文章促使我讲述我自己在1921年的拳击经历。当时我是一个舞蹈管弦乐队的班卓琴演奏者)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在一个管弦乐队时的一次拳击经历，故B项“拳击场上的音乐家”适合作为文章的标题。故选B项。
(B)
WHAT ARE RIP CURRENTS?
Rip currents are like the rivers f the sea, transprting water near the shre back ut int the cean depths. The presence f these currents can be hidden by the wild mvements f the surrunding waves. This means that as well as carrying seaweed and pieces f materials quickly ut t sea, they can rapidly sweep away even the strngest swimmers. Arund 80 percent f all lifeguard rescues are caused by pwerful rip currents pulling a swimmer int danger.
If yu find yurself being pulled ut t sea by an unsuspected rip current, yu shuld remain calm, fcus n staying aflat and, if yu can, swim parallel t the shre. Yur instincts might tell yu t swim twards land, as this is where yu’re aiming t get t, but the current will be t strng t swim against. Instead, aim t mve acrss the current and int slwer flwing water next t it. A rip current may nly pull yu just past the breaking waves, but in sme cases they can take yu hundreds f metres ffshre. The strength f currents can be hard t predict, s it’s safest t stay n lifeguarded beaches and nt t swim if yu see any indicatin f a rip current.
40. Understanding rip currents can help ______.
A. prevent yu frm swimming int dangerB. transprt water ut int the cean depths
C. clear away seaweed and pieces f materialsD. warn lifeguards against rescue in rip currents
41. The illustratin prbably explains ______.
A. difference between varius currentsB. tw types f znes ff shre
C. an ideal rute t surf in safetyD. hw rip currents frm
42. Which regin is the path f a rip current?
A. 1000 metres ff the shre beynd “HEAD”.B. The channel thrugh the gap in a sandbar.
C. The lcatin where a red flag is erected.D. Over the narrw stretch f a sandbar.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了什么是激流，激流的形成以及遇到激流如何应对等。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“This means that as well as carrying seaweed and pieces f materials quickly ut t sea, they can rapidly sweep away even the strngest swimmers. Arund 80 percent f all lifeguard rescues are caused by pwerful rip currents pulling a swimmer int danger.(这意味着，它们不仅能迅速将海藻和其他材料带到海里，还能迅速将最强壮的游泳者冲走。大约80%的救生员救援是由于强大的激流将游泳者拖入危险之中。)”可知，了解激流可以防止你游到危险的地方。故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据图示中的黑体字“1.CRASHING TO SHORE Waves break twards the shreline. As this happens. Sand accumulates in ne place in the frm f a sandbar. (1. CRASHING TO SHORE海浪冲向海岸线。当这种情况发生时。沙子以沙洲的形式积聚在一个地方。)”；“2.FEEDER CURRENT Water becmes trapped between the sandbar and the shre, When a weak pint is created, water travels parallel t the shre twards a gap in the sand t escape.(2. FEEDER CURRENT水流被困在沙洲和海岸之间，当沙洲形成薄弱点时，水流平行于海岸向沙洲的缝隙流动以逃逸。)”；“3.NECK As water rushes t this pint and ut t sea, a strng current puils the water and anything in it ut t sea at up t five miles per hur.(3. NECK当水冲到这里并流入大海时，一股强大的水流将水和水中的任何东西以每小时5英里的速度卷向大海。)”“ 4.CONFLICTING CURRENTS As water appraches the beginning f the rip frm different directins, currents n either side f it can mve in circular mtins.( 4. CONFLICTING CURRENTS 当水流从不同的方向接近裂口时，裂口两侧的水流可以作圆周运动。)”以及“5.HEAD When the current lses pwer, water slws and mves utwards away frm the rip current. This can be between 60 and 765 metres frm the shre.( 5.HEAD当水流失去动力时，水流变慢并远离离岸流向外移动。这可能距离海岸60到765米。)”可知，图示很可能在解释激流是如何形成的。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据图示中的“2.FEEDER CURRENT Water becmes trapped between the sandbar and the shre, When a weak pint is created, water travels parallel t the shre twards a gap in the sand t escape.(2. FEEDER CURRENT水流被困在沙洲和海岸之间，当沙洲形成薄弱点时，水流平行于海岸向沙洲的缝隙流动以逃逸。)”和“ 4.CONFLICTING CURRENTS As water appraches the beginning f the rip frm different directins, currents n either side f it can mve in circular mtins.( 4. CONFLICTING CURRENTS 当水流从不同的方向接近裂口时，裂口两侧的水流可以作圆周运动。)”可知，当沙洲形成薄弱点时，有水流向沙洲的缝隙泄露，裂口两侧的水流在此处作圆周运动，此处成为离岸流的通道，因此可知，顺着箭头的方向，沙洲的缝隙所在的地区是激流的通道。故选B。
(C)
In the near future there will be AI systems attempting t befriend yu. AI friends ffer many benefits. They’re available any time and they never get bred. But, as cnvenient as an AI friend might be, it’s a friend with mre csts than benefits.
One reasn t be suspicius f AI cmpanins is that yu dn’t knw their mtives. They may be prgrammed t sell prducts r sw cnflict. And, while mst f us wuld feel significant guilt if we hurt r betrayed anther, a machine, having n mind, has n such guilty feeling. Machines are als becming mre persuasive than mst humans. A recent study shwed that pr-vaccine （支持疫苗接种的） arguments prduced by ChatGPT were mre effective than thse used by gvernment agencies — an ability that culd be easily redirected t advance mre immral psitins. Similarly, all aspects f artificial friend-bts can be plished based n the effectiveness f their interactins with varius users.
But what abut AI friends that are created as genuine cmpanins, nt secret salesmen r undercver disruptrs? Culd they be a slutin t ur crisis f lneliness? Friendship is gd fr yu: research has shwn that peple with an active and engaging scial life live lnger and are healthier and happier. Might artificial friends be the helpful supplements when the lively circle f great friends is unavailable?
Here the cncern centres n the mind — r lack f mind — f the ther. Think abut the everyday experience f seeing smething that wuld amuse a friend and making a mental nte t tell them abut it. Why d yu d that? Maybe they’re feeling dwn and yu want t cheer them up. Or, perhaps yu hpe t impress them with yur eye fr the beautiful. In any case, yur cncern is with their inner experience, with hw they feel r what they think f yu. If smething has n mind — n inner experience, just the capacity t imitate thse wh can think and feel — can it really be cnsidered a friend?
Sciety is bund by ur caring abut what thers feel. Empathy （同感） is part f this: we can feel the jy, r sadness, that smene we care abut experiences. It’s als imprtant that we care what thers think f us. Emtins are als essential t keeping ur sciety wrking — we ‘d the right thing’ and cperate, because we care hw thers perceive us. And having thers think highly f us, r simply enjy ur cmpany and care abut ur friendship, can be tremendusly uplifting. The key is that these thers must be cnscius beings, instead f an artificial entity which desn’t actually feel anything.
Des this mean yu shuld avid interacting with AIs? Nt necessarily. Prperly designed, they can help peple practise scial skills and prvide insightful feedback. But, even as we increasingly interact with ever mre sphisticated AIs, we need t embrace the cmplicatins f truly tw-way relatinships and t care abut, and be respnsive t, the experience f living, cnscius friends.
43. Why is the writer cncerned abut the prspect f AI befriending humans?
A. AI friends are t cstly t prduce.B. AI will replace human beings.
C. AI is ignrant f peple’s mtives.D. AI can behave immrally.
44. The underlined phrase “undercver disruptrs” in paragraph 3 prbably means ______.
A. cheats pretending t care abut yuB. peple wh spread disrder
C. relief f ur crisis f lnelinessD. supplements t scial life
45. The writer prbably agrees that ______.
A. we cannt manage withut cntact with human friends
B. bth AI and humans care abut thers’ inner experience
C. empathy links AI friends with human friends emtinally
D. it is advisable fr us t stp interactin with AIs cmpletely
46. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. Is Artificial Intelligence ut f cntrl?B. What Is the Nature f Real Friendship?
C. Culd We Build Relatinships with AI?D. Hw des AI Befriend Human Beings?
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。在不久的将来，将会有人工智能系统试图成为你的朋友。人工智能朋友提供了许多好处，但作者认为它其实是一个成本大于收益的朋友，文章就此进行了讨论。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“One reasn t be suspicius f AI cmpanins is that yu dn’t knw their mtives. They may be prgrammed t sell prducts r sw cnflict. And, while mst f us wuld feel significant guilt if we hurt r betrayed anther, a machine, having n mind, has n such guilty feeling.(怀疑AI同伴的一个原因是你不知道它们的动机。他们可能被设定为销售产品或制造冲突。而且，虽然我们大多数人在伤害或背叛他人时会感到非常内疚，但没有思想的机器却没有这种负罪感。)”可知，作者担心人工智能与人类成为朋友的前景是因为AI的行为没有道德感。故选D。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句“They may be prgrammed t sell prducts r sw cnflict.(他们可能被设定为销售产品或制造冲突。)”和第三段第一句中的“nt secret salesmen(不是秘密推销员)”可知，此处是指如果人工智能朋友是真正的伙伴，而不是秘密推销员或卧底搅局者，所以undercver disruptrs意为“卧底搅局者”。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“In any case, yur cncern is with their inner experience, with hw they feel r what they think f yu. If smething has n mind — n inner experience, just the capacity t imitate thse wh can think and feel — can it really be cnsidered a friend?(在任何情况下，你关心的都是他们的内心体验、他们的感受或他们对你的看法。如果一个东西没有思想——没有内在体验，只有模仿那些有思想和感觉的人的能力——它真的能被认为是朋友吗？)”和第五段最后一句“The key is that these thers must be cnscius beings, instead f an artificial entity which desn’t actually feel anything.(关键是这些人必须是有意识的存在，而不是没有任何感觉的人造实体。)”可知，作者认为我们无法不与人类朋友接触。故选A。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the near future there will be AI systems attempting t befriend yu. AI friends ffer many benefits. They’re available any time and they never get bred. But, as cnvenient as an AI friend might be, it’s a friend with mre csts than benefits.(在不久将来，将会有人工智能系统试图成为你的朋友。人工智能朋友提供了许多好处。他们随时都有空，而且永远不会感到无聊。但是，尽管人工智能朋友可能很方便，但它是一个成本大于收益的朋友。)”，第二段第一句“One reasn t be suspicius f AI cmpanins is that yu dn’t knw their mtives.(怀疑AI同伴的一个原因是你不知道它们的动机。)”，第三段前两句“But what abut AI friends that are created as genuine cmpanins, nt secret salesmen r undercver disruptrs? Culd they be a slutin t ur crisis f lneliness?(但是，如果人工智能朋友是作为真正的伙伴而不是秘密推销员或卧底破坏者而创造的呢？它们能解决我们的孤独危机吗？)”，第四段最后一句“If smething has n mind — n inner experience, just the capacity t imitate thse wh can think and feel — can it really be cnsidered a friend?(如果一个东西没有思想——没有内在体验，只有模仿那些有思想和感觉的人的能力——它真的能被认为是朋友吗？)”第五段最后一句“The key is that these thers must be cnscius beings, instead f an artificial entity which desn’t actually feel anything.(关键是这些人必须是有意识的存在，而不是没有任何感觉的人造实体。)”和最后一段前两句“Des this mean yu shuld avid interacting with AIs? Nt necessarily.(这是否意味着你应该避免与AI互动？不一定。)”可知，文章主要就人类是否可以和AI建立友谊这一话题进行了讨论。故选C。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Hw lng shuld my nvel be?
This is a questin I’m ften asked, and it’s certainly nt the same answer as hw lng a piece f string is! S, hw lng shuld yur bk actually be?
If we wrk backwards, frm a prductin department pint f view, a bk f apprximately 100,000 wrds will cme in smewhere between 300 t 400 pages. ___47___ I’d suggest that 80,000 wrds up wrks well, ccasinally stretching t 120,000 wrds n rare ccasins.
Shrter texts are less daunting(使人气馁的) fr an agent t submit rather than a blck f manuscript s aim t make yur publicatin path easier. There’s an implicatin that a standard bk length shuld have a tighter handle n pacing, with the reader mre readily drawn in. In turn, an verlng nvel ften indicates t a publisher that there’s ptentially extensive editing wrk t be dne by them.
___48___ Fr example, histrical fictin culd mre cmfrtably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fictin can head in the ther directin, with 60,000 wrds still ffering a feeling f fundamental wrth t the publisher and reader, with an implicatin that the text is highly develped.
Mre cmmnly, issues ver length tend t highlight that pacing is an issue, be it t lng r t shrt. Overwriting, in particular, can be an issue fr many authrs, wh might struggle t express their ideas clearly, using cmplex language that play dwn the flw f the bk. Successful writing cntains a clarity f thught that enables the writer t cnnect with the reader fr maximum impact, allwing the stry, characters and setting t shine thrugh.
In terms f cntent, it’s imprtant fr an authr t priritise the key themes in the bk. ___49___ Allw yur reader t piece tgether infrmatin yu delicately wrk thrugh yur text and avid excess scenes and infrmatin, revealing instead what’s needed t keep that tensin pulsing. Be brave as yu cut back n the unnecessary, keeping a backup cpy f yur nvel just in case yu change yur mind.
Wrk intuitively, frm the heart, keeping secrets fr as lng as pssible s the reader is frced t read n. In this way, a reader will readily cnnect with yur wrds. ___50___
A. Bks d have different threshlds(门槛) accrding t genre.
B. This is plenty fr a typical authr’s bk, particularly the first ne.
C. Yes, there are exceptins t every genre but these are generally rare.
D. Is everything f equal imprtance and des everything need t be included?
E. Lnger bks are mre expensive t prduce and harder t sell in, s it increases their risk.
F. With a firm handle n length, yur nvel will have increased its chances f cmmercial publicatin.
【答案】47. B 48. A 49. D 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要以“一本书应该有多长的篇幅”为话题进行了讲述，提出了出版对于字数的基本要求，同时分析了不同类型的小说书籍在篇幅上的基本要求，以及书籍在内容方面如何安排。
【47题详解】
根据前文“If we wrk backwards, frm a prductin department pint f view, a bk f apprximately 100,000 wrds will cme in smewhere between 300 t 400 pages.(如果我们倒推，从生产部门的角度来看，一本约10万字的书将有300至400页。)”提到了可出版的书籍的字数，那么设空句紧跟其后，应就其字数或篇幅进行评价。选项B“This is plenty fr a typical authr’s bk, particularly the first ne.(这对于一个典型的作者的书来说已经足够了，尤其是第一本。)”中的“This”对应了前文内容，且在句意上是对前文的评价，符合分析。故选B项。
【48题详解】
分析可知，设空句为该段的中心主旨句。根据后文内容“Fr example, histrical fictin culd mre cmfrtably sit near the 120,000 mark. Literary fictin can head in the ther directin, with 60,000 wrds still ffering a feeling f fundamental wrth t the publisher and reader, with an implicatin that the text is highly develped.(例如，历史小说可以更轻松地接近12万字大关。文学小说可以朝着另一个方向发展，6万字仍然给出版商和读者带来一种基本价值感，这意味着文本高度发达。)”可知，该段主要讲述了不同类型的书籍在字数上的要求不同。选项A“Bks d have different threshlds accrding t genre.(书籍确实根据类型有不同的门槛。)”贴合该段主旨。故选A项。
【49题详解】
根据前文“In terms f cntent, it’s imprtant fr an authr t priritise the key themes in the bk.(就内容而言，作者在书中优先考虑关键主题是很重要的。)”可知，该段的主题是书本内容的安排。由此可知，设空句同样讲述“书本内容的安排”。选项D“Is everything f equal imprtance and des everything need t be included?(每件事都同等重要吗？每件事是否都需要包括在内？)”讲到了内容安排时的疑惑，贴合该段主题，在表达方面与前文内容衔接紧密。故选D项。
【50题详解】
分析可知，设空句为文章末段末尾句内容，既是该段内容的总结升华，也应是对全文的话题总结。前文“Wrk intuitively, frm the heart, keeping secrets fr as lng as pssible s the reader is frced t read n. In this way, a reader will readily cnnect with yur wrds.(凭直觉，发自内心，尽可能长时间地保守秘密，这样读者就会被迫继续读下去。这样，读者就会很容易与你的文字产生共鸣。)”提到了如何获得读者，由此推知，设空应是提到如何会被出版，选项F“With a firm handle n length, yur nvel will have increased its chances f cmmercial publicatin.(如果对篇幅把握得当，你的小说将增加商业出版的机会。)”提到了篇幅得当，就是增加出版的机会，既衔接了前文内容，也在话题上呼应全文话题“篇幅得当”。故选F项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Science f Chclate
Chclate is a cmplex chemical delight cntaining ver 500 individual flavur cmpnents tgether with stimulants and a hst f substances beneficial t health. With that many ingredients, it’s n surprise that crafting chclate is a science in itself, requiring careful temperature cntrl. Fr starters, cca butter has six different frms f crystals, all f which have different melting pints. And the fat crystals in the final prduct have t be exactly the right type, size and shape fr the flavur t be crrect. This is achieved thrugh tempering, a crucial stage f chclate prductin that invlves cling s that crystals frm befre raising the temperature slightly t melt unstable crystals.
While we tend t think f chclate as junk fd, sme f its cmpnents may actually be gd fr us, Cca beans are rich rganic chemicals called flavnids (类黄酮). One particular flavnid called epicatechin (表儿茶酸) increases bld flw in the brain and prevents the gruping tgether f the prteins that characterise cnditins such as Alzheimer’s. Research published in March 2014 als fund that dark chclate is used by bacteria in the stmach t prduce anti- inflammatry (消炎的) cmpunds that are gd fr yur heart. But s far, mst studies suggesting health benefits fr chclate have been carried ut n mice, s further research wuld be required t see whether there are the same benefits in humans.
At the University f Bath, scientists have been studying muse brain cells grwn in the lab. “Our research has shwn that epicatechin and related flavnids have prmising prtective actins in brain cells, explains Dr Rbert Williams, a neurscientist at the university. “But whether we culd achieve the levels required t reprduce these effects in humans by eating chclate is uncertain.” The jury is still ut n whether we can cnsider chclate a health fd. But since the psitive ingredients are all fund in cca itself, there’s ne rule f thumb — the darker, the better.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Crafting chclate is a science because f chclate’s individual flavur cmpnents and a hst f substances beneficial t health. Althugh chclate is regarded as junk fd, there are sme beneficial cmpnents in chclate. But since mst studies have been cnducted n mice, further research wuld be requested t see whether there are the same benefits in humans. But there’s still ne rule f thumb — the darker, the better.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，制作巧克力是一门科学，因为巧克力有独特的风味成分和许多有益健康的物质。虽然巧克力被认为是垃圾食品，但巧克力中也有一些有益的成分。但由于大多数研究都是在老鼠身上进行的，因此还需要进一步的研究来确定是否对人类也有同样的好处。但还是有一条经验法则——越黑越好。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Chclate is a cmplex chemical delight cntaining ver 500 individual flavur cmpnents tgether with stimulants and a hst f substances beneficial t health. With that many ingredients, it’s n surprise that crafting chclate is a science in itself, requiring careful temperature cntrl.
②While we tend t think f chclate as junk fd, sme f its cmpnents may actually be gd fr us, Cca beans are rich rganic chemicals called flavnids (类黄酮).
③But s far, mst studies suggesting health benefits fr chclate have been carried ut n mice, s further research wuld be required t see whether there are the same benefits in humans.
④The jury is still ut n whether we can cnsider chclate a health fd. But since the psitive ingredients are all fund in cca itself, there’s ne rule f thumb — the darker, the better.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Making chclate is a science due t chclate’s individual flavur cmpnents and a hst f substances gd fr health.
While chclate is thught as junk fd there are sme rewarding cmpnents in chclate.
But since mst research have been carried ut n mice, further research wuld be requested t see whether there are the same benefits in humans.
But there’s still ne empirical law — the darker, the better.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Althugh chclate is regarded as junk fd, there are sme beneficial cmpnents in chclate.运用althugh引导的让步状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But since mst studies have been cnducted n mice, further research wuld be requested t see whether there are the same benefits in humans.用since引导原因状语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 上传独特的文化活动已经成为数字人类日常生活的一部分。（rutine）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Uplading unique cultural events has becme a part f rutine fr digital humans.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。句子陈述过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；主语为“上传独特的文化活动”为句子主语，“上传”是uplad，此处用其动名词形式，“独特的文化活动”为unique cultural events，作uplad的宾语；“成为”是becme，作谓语，此处用其现在完成时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“……的一部分”为a part f，“日常生活”为rutine life，因此“数字人类生活的一部分”表达为a part f rutine life fr digital humans，作表语。综上，故翻译为Uplading unique cultural events has becme a part f rutine life fr digital humans.
53. 易爆化学品被指认为前天发生的骇人事故的罪魁祸首。（blame）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The explsive chemicals are blamed fr the terrifying accident that happened the day befre yesterday.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。主语“易爆化学品”为the explsive chemicals；表示“是……罪魁祸首”短语为be blamed fr；表示“前天发生的骇人事故”翻译为the terrifying accident that happened the day befre yesterday，其中that引导定语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句为一般现在时。故翻译为The explsive chemicals are blamed fr the terrifying accident that happened the day befre yesterday.
54. 如何使历史建筑更加节能？在不久的将来，我们可以在该领域取得进展。（where）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hw t make histrical buildings mre energy-efficient? In the near future, we can make prgress in this field.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、形容词、情态动词和短语。“如何使历史建筑更加节能”翻译为Hw t make histrical buildings mre energy-efficient，使用了“make+宾语+形容词”的结构。形容词energy-efficient作宾语补足语。“在不久的将来”翻译为in the near future，“取得进步”为make prgress，“在该领域”为in this field，作状语。can后接动词原形。故翻译为：Hw t make histrical buildings mre energy-efficient? In the near future, we can make prgress in this field.
55. 再过几十年，这位天文学家才能收集到足够信息来确定这颗新发现的行星的轨道，该行星以他的名字命名。（befre）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It will be several decades befre the astrnmer can cllect enugh infrmatin t determine the rbit f the newly discvered planet, which is named after him.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、固定句型和定语从句。陈述将来发生事情，用一般将来时。“过多长时间，才……”用句型it will be +时间段 +befre...；“几十年”翻译为several decades；“天文学家”翻译为 astrnmer；“收集到足够的信息”翻译为cllect enugh infrmatin，后接不定式作目的状语；“确定这颗新发现的行星的轨道”翻译为determine the rbit f the newly discvered planet；句中先行词为planet，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导；“以……名字命名”用短语be named after。根据句意，故翻译为It will be several decades befre the astrnmer can cllect enugh infrmatin t determine the rbit f the newly discvered planet, which is named after him.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生王磊，校方将举行一次消防演习并制定如下方案。请写一封邮件给校长，内容须包括：
1. 你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议；
2. 你的理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear headmaster,
In a cuple f days, theree will be a fire drill t be held. After reading the fire drill plan, I have the fllwing suggestins fr revisin.
Firstly, I think we shuld arrange fr sme teachers t guide students in key areas, which can prvide mre security t avid trampling. Secndly, I think a prfessinal firefighter shuld shuld give a special lecture n fire t raise students’ awareness f fire hazard. Besides, we culd als add t sme cntents f fire drill prcess, such as student representative t address the cmments, which can get the fire drill mre impressive. Finally, I wish the fire drill a cmplete success!
I hpe my suggestins will be helpful.
Yurs,
Wanglei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如考生是明启中学的学生王磊，校方将举行一次消防演习并制定如下方案。请写一封邮件给校长。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestin→advice
提供：prvide→ffer
希望：wish→hpe
举行：hld→thrw
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After reading the fire drill plan, I have the fllwing suggestins fr revisin.
拓展句：It is after reading the fire drill plan that I have the fllwing suggestins fr revisin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, I think we shuld arrange fr sme teachers t guide students in key areas , which can prvide mre security t avid trampling.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I hpe my suggestins will be helpful.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
A. adringly B. charging C. exhausting D. festive E. gifting F. packaged
G. physically H. registry I. stress J. transfer K. venue
Schl Fire Drill
Objective: T aruse students’ awareness f fire hazard.
Date f drill: March 6th, 2024 Time f drill: 8:00 t 8:10
Scenari (场景): Fire at the teacher’s ffice.
Actin plan:
1. Trigger the fire alarm.
2. Students evacuate (疏散) frm classrms.
3. A prfessinal firefighter teaches students hw t use the fire extinguisher.