初中英语人教新目标七年级下册全册单元知识点整理

这是一份初中英语人教新目标七年级下册全册单元知识点整理，共31页。
七年级英语下册知识点Unit 1 一、重点短语1.at the old people's home在敬老院 2.be good at 擅长3.be good with old people与老人相处得好4.come and show us来给我们展示一下5.do Chinese kung fu表演中国功夫6.English-speaking students说英语的学生7.help with sth在某方面提供帮助8.in the music room在音乐室9.in the school music club在校音乐俱乐部10.in the school show在学校汇演中11.join the swimming club加入游泳 俱乐部12.like drawing/like to draw喜欢画画13.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友14.musicians wanted 招聘音乐家15.need help to teach music需要帮助去教音乐16.on the weekend/on weekends(在)周末17.play chess下国际象棋 18.play the drums敲鼓19.play the guitar弹吉他20.play the piano 弹钢琴21.play the violin 拉小提琴22.students wanted for the school show为学校演出招募学生23.tell stories讲故事24.the story telling club讲故事俱乐部25.talk with sb.about sth.和某人谈论某事二、重点句型1.—Can you play the guitar or the violin？　　　　你会弹吉他还是拉小提琴？—I can play the guitar.我会弹吉他。2.—Can you play the guitar and the violin？　　　 你会弹吉他和拉小提琴吗？—Yes, I can./No, I can't.是的，我会。/不，我不会。3.—What can he do？　他会干什么？—He can play chess.他会下国际象棋。4.—What club do you want to join？　　　　你想参加什么俱乐部？—I want to join the swimming club.我想参加游泳俱乐部。5.Bill can tell stories, but he can't write stories.比尔会讲故事，但是他不会写故事。6.Then you can be in our school music festival.　　那么你可以参加我们学校的音乐节。7.We can sing English songs well.我们可以把英文歌唱得很好。8.I can speak English and I can also play soccer.　　我会说英语，我也会踢足球。9.Lisa wants to join the music club, but she can't play the guitar.莉萨想加入音乐俱乐部，但她不会弹吉他。10.I am in the school music club.我在学校音乐俱乐部。11.Come and show us！　　　　来展示给我们看吧！12.We are good with old people.我们跟老人相处得很好。13.We need you to help with sports for English­speaking students.我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。14.Please call Mrs.Miller at 5553721.请拨打555­3721与米勒夫人联系。15.Please talk to Mr.Zhang after school.请放学后与张先生联系。三、词法精选1.the music/art/English club音乐/美术/英语俱乐部如：the sports club运动俱乐部the singing/dancing/swimming club唱歌/跳舞/游泳俱乐部2.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事还可以说 help sb.with sth.如：She helps us (to) learn English.＝She helps us with our English.她帮助我们学英语。3.be good with/to/at/for(1)be good with 意为“与某人相处得好”。如：She is good with us.她和我们友好相处。(2)be good to sb.意为“对某人好”。如：Our teacher is good to us.我们的老师对我们很好。(3)be good at sth./doing sth.意为“擅长……”。如：①She is good at English.她擅长英语。②She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。(4)be good for sb./sth.意为“对……有好处”。如：①Healthy food is good for us.健康的食物对我们有好处。②Playing computer games isn't good for our eyes.玩电脑游戏对我们的眼睛没有好处。四、句法精析 1.I can speak English and I can also play soccer.我会说英语，而且我也会踢足球。and, but与or的区别：and是并列连词，连接词与词或者句与句；but表示转折；or表示选择或用于否定句和疑问句中的连接。如：①I like apples and pears.我喜欢苹果和梨。②Jim can play the violin, but he can't play it well.吉姆会拉小提琴，但是拉得不好。③—Can you sing or dance?你会唱歌或跳舞吗？—I can't sing or dance.我不会唱歌和跳舞。2.Lisa wants to join the chess club.丽萨想要加入国际象棋俱乐部。want是动词，意为“要；想要”。常用结构：want sth.想要某物；want to do sth.想要做某事；want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事。如：①I want a cake for my birthday.我想要一个生日蛋糕。②He wants me to go with him.他想让我跟他一起走。③He wants to help me.他想要帮助我。3.We want students for the school show.我们想要学生来参加学校的演出。(1)show作名词时，意为“演出；表演”，是可数名词。还可意为“展览”，常构成短语on show，意为“在展览”。如：①Do you like the talent show?你喜欢这场才艺表演吗？②I like the things on show over there.我喜欢在那里展出的东西。(2)show作动词时，意为“展出；给……看”，常见的结构有：1)show sb.sth.(＝show sth.to sb.) 给某人看某物。如：Let me show you this new book I've just bought.给你看看我刚买的这本新书。2)show sb.around 带领某人参观……。如：I will show you around our school.我会带你参观我们的学校。五、语法精讲 情态动词can的用法小结(1)can 作情态动词时，意为“能；会”，表示能力，没有人称和数的变化，即不管主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数，都用can，其后的动词用原形。其疑问句经常用来询问对方做某事的能力或表示请求。如：He can speak English.他会说英语。(2)含有情态动词can的句子有不同的句式：1)肯定句：主语＋can＋动词原形＋其他。2)否定句：主语＋can't＋动词原形＋其他。3)一般疑问句：Can＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？，其肯定回答为：Yes，主语＋can.；否定回答为：No，主语＋can't.。4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋can＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：①She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。②She can't play the piano.她不会弹钢琴。③Can she play the piano？她会弹钢琴吗？④What can they do？他们会干什么？Unit 2 一、重点短语1.a lot of/lots of大量；许多2.after (eating) breakfast(吃过)早饭后3.at a quarter past three in the afternoon在下午三点一刻4.at a quarter to ten in the evening在晚上9：455.at half past six in the morning在早上6：306.at night在晚上7.be good for health 对健康有益8.be late for school 上学迟到9.be late for work上班迟到10.brush one's teeth刷牙11.clean one's room打扫房间12.do one's homework做作业13.have breakfast 吃早饭14.have lunch午饭15.have dinner 晚饭16.either...or ...要么……要么……17.from Monday to Friday从周一到周五18.get dressed穿上衣服19.get home from school从学校回到家20.get home from work 从学校回到家21.get to school到校22.get up early起得早23.go to bed late 晚睡24.half an hour半小时25.have a healthy life有健康的生活26.have an interesting job有一份有趣的工作27.take a walk散步28.on school nights在上学的晚上29.take a shower洗淋浴30.work at a radio station在电台工二、重点句型1.—What time/When do you usually exercise？　　你通常什么时候锻炼？—I usually exercise at five o'clock.我通常在5点锻炼。2.—What time/When does he go to work？　　　　他什么时候去上班？—He always goes to work at eight o'clock.他总是在8点去上班。3.That's a funny time for breakfast！　　　　多么滑稽的早餐时间啊！4.—When do students usually eat dinner？　　　　学生们通常什么时候吃晚饭？—They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.他们通常在晚上6：45吃晚饭。5.I don't have much time for breakfast, so I usually eat very quickly.我没有太多时间吃早饭，所以我通常吃得很快。6.In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.在晚上，我或者看电视或者玩电脑游戏。7.She knows it's not good for her, but it tastes good!她知道这对她来说没有好处，但是它尝起来是美味的！8.He/She is never late for the first class in the morning.他/她从来不在上午第一节课迟到。9.After school, I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.放学后，我有时打半个小时的篮球。三、词法精选1.get to school 到学校get意为“到达”，后面跟名词时要加to，跟副词不加to。如：get home from school 从学校回到家， get to my home 到达我家，get here 到这儿， get there到那儿。arrive at 到达小地方， arrive in 到达城镇等大地方reach +地点 到达某地arrive 为不及物动词，可单独使用。 如：When you arrive, pleas call me.2.I want to be healthy.我想要变得健康。healthy意为“健康的”，修饰名词作定语或作表语，反义词是unhealthy，名词是health。如：①I have a very healthy life.我拥有十分健康的生活。②We must do exercise to keep healthy.我们必须锻炼身体来保持健康。③Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操对我们的健康有好处。四、句法精析 1.—What time do you usually get up？＝When do you usually get up?你通常什么时候起床？—I usually get up at six thirty.我通常六点半起床。usually为频率副词，意为“通常”，一般放在动词前面或者助动词之后。其他的频率副词还有：always总是；often经常；sometimes有时候；never从不。2.That's a funny time for breakfast.那个时间吃早饭真有意思。相当于What a funny time for breakfast!3.In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.晚上，我要么看电视，要么玩电脑游戏。(1)作“或者”讲，常构成短语：either...or...，意为“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”。使用时如果连接两个主语，谓语动词要与or后面的主语保持一致，这就是我们通常所说的“就近原则”。如：Either you or I am right on this question.在这个问题上，要么你对，要么我对。(2)作“也”讲，用在否定句句末加强语气。如：She doesn't like dancing, either.她也不喜欢跳舞。(3)either还可以表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。如：You can park on either side of the road.这条路的两边都可以停车。4.She knows it's not good for her, but it tastes good! 她知道这对她身体不好，但它(冰激凌)很好吃！be good for 意为“对……有益；对……有好处”；其反义短语为be bad for，意为“对……有害；对……有坏处”。如：①Eating more vegetables is good for you.多吃蔬菜对你有好处。②Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。五、语法精讲 时间的表达对时间的提问：What's the time？/What time is it? 几点了？回答可用多种方式：如：“五点钟”可说It's five./It's five o'clock./It's 5：00./It's 5：00 a.m./It's 5 p.m./It's about five o'clock./It's around five o'clock.“几点几分”可用两个基数词表示，也可用past或者to表达时间。如：6：05 six o five/five minutes past six7：10 seven ten/ten past seven8：15 eight fifteen/a quarter past eight11：30 eleven thirty/half past eleven12：35 twelve thirty­five/twenty­five to one在钟点前用介词at。如：at half past six 在六点半Unit 3 一、重点短语1.a bus station地铁/公共汽车/火车站2.about 15 minutes by bike骑自行车大约十五分钟　3.an 8-year-old boy一个8岁的男孩4.be afraid害怕5.be like像6.be not sure不确定7.between...and...在……和……之间8.come true 实现；成为现实9.cross the river 过河10.drive to work开车去上班11.every school day每个上学的日子12.five kilometers from school离学校五公里远13.for many students对许多学生来说14.go on a ropeway滑索道15.go to school by bike 骑自行车去上学16.go to school in my father's car 坐我父亲的车去上学17.go to school on the school bus18.go to shcool on a small boat19.have a good day度过愉快的一天29.in a village在一个村里21.one hundred and ninety-nine一百九十九22.ride a bike to school骑自行车去学校23.take the bus to school公共汽车去学校24.take the subway to school乘地铁去学校25.take the train to Beijing 乘火车去北京26.thanks for your last email谢谢你上次的邮件27.the bus ride (乘)公共汽车的路程28.the villagers' dream村民们的梦想29.think of认为；想起30.walk to school 步行去学校二、重点句型1.—How do you get to school？你如何去学校？—I ride my bike to school./I get to school by bike.我骑自行车去学校。2.—How does she get to school？　　　　她如何去学校？—She usually takes the bus.她通常坐公共汽车。3.—How long does it take (you) to get to school？　(你)到学校要多久？—It takes about 15 minutes.大约15分钟。4.—How far is it from your home to school？　　　你家离学校有多远？—It's only about two kilometers.大约只有两公里。/—It's only about 5 minutes' walk.走路大约只有5分钟路程。5.—Does Jane take the bus to school？　　　　简乘公共汽车去学校吗？—No, she doesn't.She walks to school.不，她是步行去学校的。6.The bus ride takes about 20 minutes.乘公共汽车需要大约20分钟。7.He lives about eighty kilometers from school.　　他住在距离学校约80公里远的地方。8.He needs about an hour to get to school.他大约需要一个小时到学校。9.Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.　　玛丽想知道他对这次旅行的看法。10.For many students, it is easy to get to school.　　对于许多学生来说，去学校是容易的。11.There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.(河上)没有桥梁，而且河水湍急，不宜小船摆渡。12.It is their dream to have a bridge.拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。三、词法精选1.leave the village 离开村庄leave意为“离开”，后面跟表示地方的名词，如：leave home 离开家。表示“离开去某地”，要在名词前加for，如：leave for Shanghai启程去上海。2.be afraid恐怕；害怕afraid 是形容词，意为“害怕的；惧怕的”。be afraid of sth.害怕某事；be afraid of doing sth.＝be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事；be afraid (that) ...恐怕……(因为要说不受欢迎的话而用的客套语)。如：①I am afraid of snakes.我害怕蛇。②I'm afraid of having a test.＝I'm afraid to have a test.我害怕考试。③I'm afraid (that) I can't go with you.我恐怕不能和你一起去。3.from home to school 从家到学校from...to...意为“从……到……”，连接两个相同的成分，如：from Hangzhou to Shanghai从杭州到上海，from 9：00 to 11：00 从九点到十一点，from Jim to Mary 从吉姆到玛丽。四、句法精析 1.It is＋adj./n.＋to do sth.做某事是……如：①For many students, it's easy to get to school.对大多数学生来说，到达学校是容易的。②It's their dream to have a bridge.拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。2.Thanks for＋n./v.ing.感谢你(做)某事。如：①Thanks for your last email.感谢你最近的电子邮件。②Thanks for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。3.Can their dream come true? 他们的梦想能实现吗？come true意为“实现”，是不及物动词短语，因此不能说come true the dream。如：I think my dream can come true.我想我的梦想一定能实现。4.I want to know where Bob lives.我想知道鲍勃住哪里。know后面跟一个句子作宾语，叫宾语从句，要用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。如：①Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字吗？②I know how you feel.我知道你的感受。③I want to know what he thinks of the trip.我想知道他对这次旅行的看法。五、语法精讲 How引导的特殊疑问句(1)用来对做某事的方式进行提问。如：—How do you get to school？你怎样去学校？—On foot.走路去。(2)how far意为“多远”，用来询问距离或路程的远近。常用句型有：“How far is it from A to B？”＝“How far is B from A？”，意为“从A到B有多远？”，其回答为：1)It's...meters/kilometers/miles (away).2)It's about＋数词＋minutes' walk/ride.3)It's about＋数词＋minutes on foot/by bus.(3)how long意为“多久”，用来对时间长短进行提问，通常指某个动作所持续时间的长短。如：—How long does it take you to finish your homework every day?你每天需要多久完成家庭作业？—About two hours.大约两个小时。how long还可对物品的长度进行提问，意为“多长”。如：—How long is the ruler?这把尺子多长？—It's about 20 centimeters.大约20厘米。(4)how soon意为“多久”，主要对一段时间进行提问，用于将来时中。如：—How soon will you come back?你多久会回来？—In two weeks.两个星期后。(5)how often意为“多久一次”，表频率。如：—How often do you go there?你多久去那儿一次？—Twice a week.一星期两次。 Unit 4 一、重点短语 arrive late for class上课迟到after breakfast早饭后after that 在那之后be quiet in the library在图书馆保持安静be strict with sb in sth 在某方面对某人严格bring music players to school把音乐播放器带到学校来do the dishes清洗餐具eat outside在外面吃feel/be terrible感到/是很糟糕的fight with sb 和某人打架follow the rules遵守规则go to bed before 10：00 10点之前睡觉have more rules有更多规则have to clean the classroom必须打扫教室have to wear a school uniform必须穿校服have too many rules有太多规章制度help his mom make breakfast帮他妈妈做早饭in the dining hall在餐厅in the music room在音乐室keep my hair short留短发know how you feel知道你的感受learn to play the piano学会弹钢琴make one's bed铺床make rules制定规章制度on school days 在上学日on school nights在上学晚上practice (playing) the guitar练习(弹)吉他read books/read a book读书run in the hallways在走廊上跑some of the rules其中一些规章制度二、重点句型重点句型1.—What are the rules at your school？　　　　在你们学校有什么规章制度？—We can't arrive late for class./We must be on time for class.我们上课不能迟到。/我们必须准时上课。2.—Can we eat in the classroom？　　　　我们能在教室里吃东西吗？—Yes, we can./No, we can't.是的，我们可以。/不，我们不能。3.—Do you have to wear a uniform at school？你在学校必须穿校服吗？—Yes, I do./No, I don't.是的，我要。/不，我不用。4.—What do you have to do？　　　　你们必须做什么？—We have to be quiet in the library.我们在图书馆里必须保持安静。5.Don't go out on school nights.不要在上学期间的晚上出去。6.Don't listen to music in the classroom.不要在教室里听音乐。7.Don't be noisy in class.上课不能吵闹。8.I can't play basketball after school.放学后我不能打篮球。9.You can watch TV after you read a book.　　　　看过一本书后你可以看电视。10.There are a lot of things (that) you can do.你可以做很多事情。11.We can't listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.我们不可以在走廊里听音乐，但在外面可以听。12.After dinner, I can't relax, either.晚饭后我也不能放松。三、词法精选词法精选1.have more rules有更多的规定more是much和many的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：more water 更多水， more friends 更多朋友。2.practice the guitar练习吉他practice 意为“练习”，可作动词，后面跟名词或者动名词，也可作名词，不可数。如：practice playing the guitar练习弹吉他，do a lot of practice 做很多练习。3.make one's bed铺床也可以说make the bed, 但make a bed意为“制作一张床”。4.be strict严格的be strict with sb.对某人严格要求， be strict in sth.在某方面严格要求。如：Our teacher is very strict with us in our studies.我们的老师在学习上对我们严格要求。四、句法精析1.—What are the rules? 规章制度是什么？—We must be on time.我们必须守时。must意为“必须；一定”，是情态动词，后面接动词原形。如果后面是介词短语或者形容词，则需加be。如：①We must follow the rules.我们必须遵守规定。②He must be in the classroom.他一定是在教室里。③You must be hungry.你一定是饿了。2.I have to learn to play the piano.我不得不学习弹钢琴。learn to do sth.意为“学会做某事”。动词不定式作宾语。用动词充当宾语、状语等，可用动词不定式，即to＋动词原形。本单元中出现的还有：go to the kitchen to get food for Grandpa 去厨房为爷爷拿食物，it's best to do sth.最好做某事，help my mom (to) make dinner 帮助我妈妈做饭，make rules to help us 制定规章制度来帮助我们。五 语法精讲 1.祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。通常有以下几种形式。1)Be型(即：动词原型be＋表语＋其他)。如：Be quiet, please.请安静。否定句Don't＋be＋表语＋其他。如：Don't be angry.不要生气。2)Do型(即：实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他)。如：①Open the window, please.请打开窗。②Remember they make rules to help us.记住他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。否定句Don't＋实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他。如：Don't talk in class.不要在课堂上讲话。3)Let型(即Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他)。如：①Let me help you.让我帮助你。②Let's go home at six o'clock.我们六点回家吧。否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：Let him not watch TV.不要让他看电视。4)No＋v.ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事”)。如：No smoking! 严禁吸烟！No parking! 不许停车2.have to 的用法have to意为“必须；不得不”，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。1)结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形＋其他一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to。如：①We have to wear sports shoes for P.E.class.在体育课上我们必须穿运动鞋。②Tom has to practice (playing) the guitar every day.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉他。③I have to get up at 6：30 a.m.on school days.在上学的日子里，我不得不早上6点半起床。2)否定形式：主语＋don't have to＋动词原形＋其他一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to。如：①Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform.尼克不必穿制服。②We don't have to clean our classroom in the morning.我们不必在早上打扫教室。3)疑问句：Do (Does)＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他？如：—Do you have to stay at home on weekends?周末你必须待在家里吗？—Yes, I do./No, I don't.是的，我必须。/不，我不必。Unit 5 一、重点短语 1.a symbol of good luck好运的象征2.be friendly to sb.对某人友好3.be in great danger处于危险中4.can also draw well也能画得好5.come from South Africa来自南非6.cut down many trees砍伐许多树7.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事8.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事9.get lost 迷路10.kill the elephants for their ivory 为获取象牙捕杀大象11.kind of shy 有点害羞13.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事14.make sb.do sth.15.like ...a lot16.lose one's home(s)失去某人的家园17.my favorite animals我最喜欢的动物18.on the flag 在国旗上19.one of Thailand's symbols泰国的象征之一20.more than = over 100，000多于十万21.places with food and water 有食物和水的地方22.save the elephants拯救大象23.sleep all day 整天睡觉24.students from Thailand来自泰国的学生们25.things made of ivory由象牙制成的东西26.walk for a long time步行很长时间27.walk on two legs用两条腿走路28.want to see the lions想看狮子 二、重点句型1.Let's see the lions.我们看狮子去吧。2.—Why do you like pandas？　　 你为什么喜欢熊猫？—Because they are very cute.因为它们很可爱。3.—Why don't you like tigers？　　　　你为什么不喜欢老虎？—Because they're really scary.因为它们真的很可怕。4.—What animals do you like？　　　　你喜欢什么动物？—I like elephants.我喜欢大象。5.We want to save the elephants.我们想拯救大象。6.Does your family have a pet？　　　　你家养宠物吗？7.He can walk on two legs.He can dance, too.　他能用两条腿走路。他还会跳舞。8.—Where are lions from?/—Where do lions come from？　　　狮子来自于哪里？—They are from South Africa./—They come from South Africa.它们来自南非。9.—Isn't she beautiful？　　　　难道她不漂亮吗？—Yes, she is./No, she isn't.不，她是漂亮的。/是的，她不漂亮。10.We are students from Thailand.我们是来自泰国的学生。11.Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost.大象能步行很长时间且不会迷路。12.We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory.我们必须拯救树木和不买象牙制品。三、词法精选1.kind of 有点；稍微如：Koala bears are kind of shy.考拉有点害羞。kind 也有“种类”的意思，如：各种各样的花 all kinds of flowers, 一种动物a kind of animal, 什么种类的what kind of, 这种 this kind of。kind还可作形容词，意为“和蔼的；好心的”，如：a kind woman一个和蔼的妇女。2.be from＝come from 来自如：①They are from England.＝They come from England.他们来自英格兰。②He comes from the USA.＝He is from the USA.他来自美国。3.day和nightday和night是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说by day, during the day, at night。如：①Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.考拉经常在白天睡觉，在夜里吃树叶。②They sleep all day and all night in winter.他们在冬天整日整夜睡觉。4.one of Thailand's symbols泰国的象征之一one of the＋名词的复数形式，意为“……之一”。如：One of the students is from Africa.其中一个学生来自非洲。5.friendly adj.友好的；和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用， be friendly相当于be kind。如：①The people here are very friendly.这里的人很友好。②Miss Green is friendly to us.格林小姐对我们很友好。四、句法精析1.Let's see the pandas first.我们先去看熊猫吧。Let's开头的句子是祈使句中的一种，其中的us包含了说话人和听者双方。而Let us see the pandas first.中的us只包含说话的一方，不包含听的一方。2.We must save the tree and not buy things made of ivory.我们必须挽救树木，不买象牙制品。made of ivory是一个过去分词短语，修饰名词things，作后置定语。3.Do you know how to save them?你知道怎样挽救它们吗？这个句子中的“疑问词＋动词不定式”作know的宾语，类似的句子还有：①I don't know what to do.我不知道该做什么。②I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。五、语法精讲特殊疑问句的用法特殊疑问句是由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句”构成的，不能用yes或者no回答，而应根据实际情况回答。why开头的疑问句，用because引导的句子回答；where开头的疑问句，用地点回答；what开头的疑问句，用相应的名词回答。如：①—Why do you like pandas?你为什么喜欢熊猫？—Because they're very clever.因为它们很聪明。②—Why don't you like koalas?你为什么不喜欢考拉？—Because they're lazy.因为它们懒惰。③—Why do you want to see the monkeys first？你为什么想要先看猴子？—Because they're friendly and clever.因为它们友好又聪明。④—Where are lions from？＝Where do lions come from？狮子来自哪里？—They are from South Africa.＝They come from South Africa.它们来自南非。⑤—What other animals do you like?你还喜欢其他什么动物？—I like dogs, too.我也喜欢狗。Unit 6 一、重点短语1.any other night 其他任何一个晚上一样2.clean the house 打扫房子3.drink tea 喝茶4.eat out 出去吃饭5.every night 每个晚上 6.go to the movies 去电影院7.his host family 他的寄宿家庭8.in the mornings 在(每天)早上9.join me for dinner和我一起吃晚饭10.listen to a CD 听唱片11.live with an American family和一个美国家庭住在一起12.make soup做汤13.miss his family 想念他的家人14.not much 没什么事15.on Mondays 在每周一16.read a newspaper 看报纸17.read a story to her young children念故事给她年幼的孩子们听18.see you tomorrow明天19.shop at the supermarket在超市购物20.study for a test为考试而学习21.study in the United States在美国学习22.swim in a river 在河里游泳23.talk on the phone 打电话24.the night before the festival节日前的晚上25.think about 考虑26.use the/a computer用电脑27.wash the dishes 清洗餐具28.watch the boat races on TV看电视上的划船比赛29 .wish to do sth. 想要做某事30.wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事二、重点句型1.—What's he doing？　　　　　 他在做什么？—He's using the computer.他在用电脑。2.—Is the man swimming in the river？　　　那个男人正在河里游泳吗？—Yes, he is./No, he isn't.是的，他在游泳。/不，他没在游泳。3.—Are you doing your homework？　　　　你在做家庭作业吗？—Yes, I am./No, I'm not.I'm cleaning my room.是的，我在做家庭作业。/不，我在打扫房间。4.My parents aren't at home.我父母不在家。5.—Hello? This is Jenny.你好？我是珍妮。—Hi, Jenny.It's Laura here.你好，珍妮。我是劳拉。6.Do you want to go to the movies now？　　你现在想去看电影吗？7.He's now studying in the United States.他现在在美国学习。8.It's like any other night for Zhu Hui.　　　对朱辉而言就像其他任何一个晚上一样。9.Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom's delicious zongzi.朱辉非常想家并盼望着能吃到妈妈包的美味粽子。10.There's still “no place like home”.　　　仍然“没有哪个地方像家一样”。三、词法精选1.reading a newspaper 看报纸newspaper是可数名词，意为“报纸”，它是由news和paper构成的复合名词。如：I like reading newspapers every day.我喜欢每天看报纸。(1)news为不可数名词，意为“新闻；消息”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The news is very important.这个消息很重要。(2)paper作不可数名词时，意为“纸；纸张”，“一张纸”为“a piece of paper”；也可作可数名词，意为“试卷；卷子”。如：①Can you give me a piece of paper?你能给我一张纸吗？②Please hand in your papers.请上交你们的试卷。2.on the night of May 1st在五月一日的夜里英语中表示某一天介词用on，某一天的上午、下午和晚上也用on。如：on Monday, on Monday morning, on April 1st, on the morning of May 12th。3.join me for dinner和我一起吃晚饭join sb.意为“加入某人的行列”，这个词组还可以说：join me to have dinner 或have dinner with me。四、句法精析 1.—Who's that (speaking)? (电话用语) 你是谁？—This is Mary (speaking).我是Mary.电话用语，一般不说Who are you？/I'm Mary.2.—Do you want to go to the movies?你想去看电影吗？—Sure.I'd love to.当然了，我很想去。3.—What are you doing?你在干什么？—Not much./Nothing much.I'm just washing my clothes.没什么事，我只是在洗衣服。Not much.相当于There isn't much to do.或There is nothing much to do.。五、语法精讲现在进行时态现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也表示现阶段一直持续的活动或是正在进行的动作。现在进行时态的结构为：am/is/are＋动词现在分词。现在分词的构成规则如下：a.一般在动词原形末尾直接加上­ing，如：read—reading；b.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加­ing。如：live—living；c.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ing，如：run—running；d.少数动词的现在分词属于特殊变化，如：die—dying。肯定句：Lucy is watching TV now.否定句：Lucy isn't watching TV with her family.一般疑问句及回答：—Is Lucy watching TV at home? —Yes, she is./No, she isn't. 选择疑问句及回答：—Is Lucy watching TV or cooking? —She is cooking. 特殊疑问句及回答：—What is she doing？她在干嘛？　—She's reading a newspaper.她在看报。除了用now以外，还可以通过上下文判断是否用现在进行时，如：these days, look, listen等。如：①What is Lucy doing these days?这些天露西在干什么？②It's 8 o'clock.The students are having class.现在是八点钟，学生们正在上课。③Look! They are playing basketball.瞧，他们在打篮球。④Listen! The birds are singing.听，鸟儿们正在唱歌。⑤—Where's your father？你爸爸在哪里？—He's cooking in the kitchen.他在厨房做饭。Unit 7 一、重点短语1.a photo of a snowman 一张雪人的照片2.any other night 其他任何一个晚上3.be happy to do sth.很高兴去做某事4.be on a vacation 在度假5.call me at 4321 给我打电话：43216.call sb.back 给某人回电话7.cook dinner 做晚饭8.drink orange juice 喝橙汁9.go to summer school 去暑期学校10.have a great time (in) doing sth.做某事很愉快11.hear from sb. 收到某人的来信12.in summer 在夏天13.in the mountains 在山里14.in the rainy weather在下雨的天气里15.in the rain 在雨中16.just right for walking刚好适合散步17.learn a lot 学了很多18.right now 马上；此刻19.sit by the pool 坐在水池边20.skate on a river 在河面上滑冰21.study at his friend's home 在他的朋友家学习22.study hard 努力学习23.take a message for sb.为某人捎个口信24.take a photo of sb. 给某人拍照25.talk on the phone for three hours 通话3小时26.the weather in Beijing 北京的天气27.visit some of my old friends 拜访我的一些老朋友28.wear hats and sweaters 戴着帽子，穿着毛衣29.write to sb.写信给某人二、重点句型 1.—What's John doing right now？　　　约翰现在正在干什么？—He is playing soccer.他在踢足球。2.—What are they doing？　　　　他们正在干什么？—They're playing basketball in the park.　　他们正在公园里打篮球。3.—How's it going？　　　　近来怎样？—Great！/Not bad./Terrible！　　　　很棒！/不错。/很糟糕！4.—How's the weather in Beijing？＝What's the weather like in Beijing?北京那边天气如何？—It's sunny/rainy/windy/cloudy/snowy.天气晴朗的/有雨的/有风的/多云的/下雪的。/—It's raining/snowing./在下雨/下雪。/—It's dry/hot/cold/warm./天气很干燥/热/冷/温暖。5.Sounds like you're having a good time.听起来好像你玩得很开心。6.Can I take a message for him? 要我给他捎个话吗？7.Could you just tell him to call me back?你能否叫他给我回个电话？8.I'm having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.我正在加拿大看望我阿姨，玩得很高兴。9.It's warm and sunny, and it's very relaxing here.这儿天气温暖晴朗，令人很放松。10.I'm so happy to see them again.我很高兴能再次见到他们。11.I want to call you but my phone isn't working.我想给你打电话但我的电话坏了。12.The weather here is cool and cloudy, just right for walking.这儿的天气凉爽、多云，正适宜于散步。三、词法精选1.I'm having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.我很开心在加拿大看望我的阿姨。have a great time doing sth.意为“做某事很开心；过得愉快”；也可以说have a good time；enjoy oneself 或enjoy oneself in (doing) sth.；还可以说have fun doing sth.。2.right now 立即；马上；此时此刻强调动作迅速，一般用于现在或者将来时态。如：①The kid is sleeping right now.孩子此刻正在睡觉。②I'm going to see you right now.我立刻去见你。3.on a vacation美国英语习惯用语，一般vacation表示一段时间，普通的假期，所以通常不用变复数。holiday假期，英国英语常用的词汇。一般是几天的休息，如各种节日或休假日，所以可以用单数也可以用复数。如：summer holidays/vacation 暑假，go on vacation去度假，be on vacation在度假，go for a vacation是度假还没有开始，在计划当中或者已经旅行过了再来阐述。四、句法精析 1.How is it going? 事情进展得怎么样？(1)该句是由疑问副词How引出的问候句型。意为“一切顺利吗？”“How's...？”句型在问候语中用来询问对方的情况。(2)句中的主语是代词it，用它来指问话人所问的“那件事情”，即可以指问话人所关心的任何事情。(3)动词go在此处不表示“去；走”，而表示“进行；进展”，常用be going的结构。如：Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。2.It's hot in your country now, isn't it?现在你们国家很热，是吗？这是一个反意疑问句，即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。 有两种形式：(1)陈述部分肯定式＋疑问部分否定式；(2)陈述部分否定式＋疑问部分肯定式。上面这句话还可以说：It isn't hot in your country now, is it？回答是一样的，都是Yes, it is.或者No, it isn't.。3.Sounds like you're having a good time.听起来好像你玩得很开心。(1)这句话省略了主语it，完整的句子应该是It sounds like you're having a good time.。(2)sound是连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面跟形容词作表语，sound like意为“听起来像”，后面跟名词或者名词性从句。如：①It sounds interesting.听起来很有趣。②It sounds like a good idea.听起来像是一个好主意。五、语法精讲询问天气的句型和描述天气的形容词的构成1.询问天气的句型“How's the weather...？”或“What's the weather like...？”意为“……天气如何？”，用来询问天气情况。常用“It's＋描述天气的形容词或现在分词”来回答。如：—How's the weather in summer in Wuhan？/What's the weather like in summer in Wuhan?武汉夏天的天气怎么样？—It's very hot.很炎热。2.描述天气的形容词的构成我们在本单元中学到的与天气有关的名词主要有“rain(雨；雨水)”，“snow(雪)”，“wind(风)”，“cloud(云)”，以后还将学到“fog(雾)”。一般在这些名词后面加上字母“y”，以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写后面的辅音字母再加“y”可转变为形容词。具体如下：rain(雨；雨水)—rainy(有雨的；多雨的)snow(雪)—snowy(有雪的；多雪的)wind(风)—windy(有风的；多风的)cloud(云)—cloudy(多云的；天阴的)fog(雾)—foggy(有雾的；多雾的)sun(太阳)—sunny(阳光充足的；天气晴朗的) Unit 8 一、重点短语across from the post office 在邮局对面at the first crossing 在第一个十字路口between ...and ... . 在……之间cross Center Street 横穿中心街enjoy playing Chinese chess 喜欢下中国象棋exercise at the park 在公园里锻炼far from here 离这里远get to the library easily 很容易到图书馆get to the park 到公园go along the Road 沿着这条路走in a noisy neighborhood 在一个吵闹的街区in front of 在……前面in the neighborhood 在附近in town 在小镇上like to sit and talk 喜欢坐着聊天look like my friends 看起来像我的朋友们make the foods I like 做我喜欢吃的食物near the supermarket 在超市附近need some money 需要一些钱next to... 紧挨着on North Street 在中心/桥/北街上on the left 在左边on the right在右边pay phone付费电话spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事spend money on sth. 花费金钱在某物上spend time with sb. 与某人共度时光spend weekends like this 像这样过周末the best things in life 生活中最美好的东西turn left 向左turn right on Bridge Road 在大桥路向右转watch the monkeys climbing around 看着猴子到处爬二、重点句型1.—Is there a hospital near here？　　　　　　　附近有医院吗？—Yes, there is.It's on Bridge Street. 是的，有。在桥街上。2.—Are there any restaurants near here？　　　　附近有饭店吗？—Yes, there's one in front of the post office.有的，邮局前面有一家。3.—Where's the pay phone？　　　　 投币式公用电话在哪里？—It's between the post office and the library.在邮局和图书馆之间。4.The bank is next to the hospital and across from the park.银行在医院的旁边，在公园的对面。5.It's not too far from here.它离这儿不太远。6.Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left.在第一个十字路口向右转，餐馆就在你的左边。7.I love the clean air and sunshine.我喜欢干净的空气和阳光。8.The best things in life are free！　　　　生活中最美好的东西是免费的！9.When I read books, time goes quickly！　　　　当我看书时，时间过得很快！10.To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.要去那儿的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。11.You can get to the library easily.你可以很容易地到图书馆。12.I am very busy on school days.在上学的日子里我很忙。三、词法精选1.across from...在……的对面across表示的是从某物的一边到另一边；横过……across from 在……的对面；在……对过。如：①Our school is across the street.我们的学校就在大街的那一边。②The supermarket is across from the hospital.超市在医院的对面。2.go along 一直走along “一直”副词放动词后常用于指示方向。如：Go along the road.沿着这条路走。3.on the left/right 在左/右边on one's left/right 意为“在某人的左/右边”，on the left/right of...意为“在……的左/右边”。如：①There is a supermarket on the left.左边有一家超市。②Lucy sits on Lily's right.露西坐在莉莉右边。③You can see a school on the right of the bank.在银行右边你能看到一所学校。4.turn left/right 向左/右转(1)turn left/right at the...turning/crossing，意为“在第……个拐角处/路口左/右转”。如：Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个路口右转。(2)turn left/right on/at＋地点，意为“在某地向左/右转”。如：Turn left at Center Park.在中心公园向左转。四、句法精析1.Where is the ...？某地方在哪儿？用来询问地方，也可以使用“Is there...？”，询问时可加“Excuse me.”以表示客气，有礼貌。回答时可根据具体情况回答。如：①—Excuse me.Where is the post office?请问，邮局在什么地方？—It's next to a shop.在一家商店的旁边。②—Is there a fruit shop near here? 附近有水果店吗？—Walk along this road, and take the second turning on the right.沿这条路往前走，在第二个拐角处向右拐。2.I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.我喜欢看猴子到处爬。(1)watch是感官动词，watch sb./sth.do sth.意为“观看某人或某物做了某事”，watch后面的动词不定式省略to，表示观看动作的全过程或者这个动作已经结束。如：①I often watch him play basketball on the playground.我经常看着他在操场上打篮球。②I watched him come into the classroom.我看着他走进了教室。(2)watch sb./sth.doing sth.意为“观看某人或某物正在做某事”，表示观看时动作正在进行。如：I watched him playing basketball just now.我刚才看到他正在打篮球。三、语法精讲there be 结构there be句型表示“某地有某人(或某物)”，结构为：(1)There is＋单数可数名词/不可数名词＋地点状语；(2)There are＋复数名词＋地点状语。有以下几种句式：肯定句：There is some water in the cup.否定句：There isn't any water in the cup.一般疑问句：Is there any water in the cup?肯定回答：Yes, there is.否定回答： No, there isn't.there be句型的实质句式为“倒装句”。 谓语动词be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。当主语由两个或两个以上的名词构成时，be动词单复数要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：There is a girl and two boys under the tree.树下有一个女孩，两个男孩。Unit 9 一、重点短语a big nose and a small mouth 一个大鼻子和一张小嘴巴a handsome actor 一名帅气的男演员a little late 迟一点a short and heavy old man 一个又矮又胖的老年男子another woman 另外一位女性be of medium build 中等身材be of medium height 中等身高describe the same person differently将同一个人描述得不一样draw a picture of each criminal 给每个罪犯画一幅画像first of all 首先go to the movie tonight 今晚去看电影have a round face 长着一张圆圆的脸have an interesting job 有一份有趣的工作have long straight brown hair 有长而直的棕发in front of the cinema 在电影院前面in the end 最后look like 看起来像……meet at seven 七点钟见police artists 警用画师put it in newspapers 把它登在报纸上remember doing... 记得做过……remember to do... 记得去做……see crimes 看到犯罪活动see things in the same way 以同样的方式看待事物see you later 待会见tall and thin 又高又瘦the man in black 穿着黑衣服的男士the real criminal 真正的罪犯wear glasses 戴眼镜your favorite actress 你最喜欢的女演员二、重点句型1.—What do you look like？　　　　　　　　　你长什么样？—I'm short and thin.我又矮又瘦。2.—What do they look like？　　　　他们长什么样？—They're of medium height.他们中等身高。3.—What does he look like？　　　　他长什么样？—He is of medium build.他中等身材。4.He has a big nose/mouth.他有一个大鼻子/大嘴巴。5.—Do they have straight or curly hair？　　他们是直发还是卷发？—They have curly hair.他们是卷发。6.—Is he tall or short？　　　　他是高的还是矮的？—He isn't tall or short.He's of medium height.他不高也不矮。他中等身高。7.He has straight yellow hair.他有着黄色的直发。8.The handsome singer has two big eyes.　　　那个帅气的歌手有一双大眼睛。9.I may be a little late.我或许要晚一会儿。10.They tell him what the criminal looks like.　他们告诉他罪犯长什么样子。三、词法精选1.tall与 high的用法high 和 tall 都有“高”的意思。tall 指身材的高度，一般用于人和动物，它的反义词是short。high一般表示物体的高度，它的反义词是low。如：Tom is tall.He can climb the high mountain.汤姆是高个子，他能爬那座高山。2.wear glasses 戴眼镜wear是“穿着；戴着”的意思，强调状态。常用一般现在时表示经常的状态，用现在进行时表示现在的状态。wear还可用来表示佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿的“佩”或“戴”以及留头发、胡须的“留”，面带微笑等。如：①She always wears white shoes.她总是穿着白色的鞋子。②Ann is wearing a red skirt today.安娜今天穿着一条红裙子。③My sister wears a red flower in her hair.我姐姐/妹妹的头上戴了一朵红花。3.an interesting job一份有趣的职业Job和work两个词都作“工作”讲， job是可数名词，强调职业，可以说a job；work是不可数名词，指抽象的工作。如：①I can find a parttime job.我能找到一份兼职工作。②I'm busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.今天我很忙，因为我有很多工作要做。③Many people lose their jobs these years.这些年许多人失去了工作。4.Some people see crimes and then talk to Joe.有人看到犯罪活动然后来跟乔说。talk 表示两个人或多个人在一起讲话、谈论(多指随意谈论)。常用短语：talk to sb.与某人谈话(以一方为主); talk with sb.与某人谈论(双方互谈)；talk with sb.about sth.与某人谈论某事。如：I don't like to talk to him.我不喜欢和他谈话。四、句法精析 1.But I may be a little late.但是我可能要迟到一会儿。may be是“情态动词＋be”结构，意为“可能是”，作谓语动词。maybe是副词，意为“大概；或许”，在句中作状语。如：He may be our new math teacher.＝Maybe he is our new math teacher.他可能是我们的新数学老师。2.—Is he tall or short?他是高个子还是矮个子？—He isn't tall or short.他不高也不矮。or是连接词，常常用在否定句和疑问句中。如：①I don't have any brothers or sisters.我没有兄弟姐妹。②Can you play the piano or the violin?你会弹钢琴还是拉小提琴？四、语法精讲外貌的描述1.对外貌或性格、品质的提问如：①—What does he look like?他长什么样？ (询问外貌)—He is tall and thin with short hair.他又高又瘦，留着短头发。②—What is he like?他这个人怎么样？ (询问性格、品质)—He is kind and friendly.他和善又友好。2.描述某人外表的常用句型“sb.＋be动词＋形容词”或“sb.＋have/has＋名词”。用来描述外表的短语： be tall, be short, be of medium build/height(中等身材/个头)，have a medium build/height(有着中等身材/个头)。3.描述头发的形容词顺序：漂亮＋长短＋形状＋颜色如：have short straight hair 有短直发have beautiful long black hair有漂亮的长黑发Unit 10 一、重点短语a large bowl of noodles 一大碗面a medium bowl of noodles 一中碗面a small bowl of noodles 一小碗面a symbol of long life 长寿的象征answer the questions 回答问题around the world 全世界be short of 缺少beef and tomato noodles牛肉西红柿面birthday cakes with candles插着蜡烛的生日蛋糕blow out the candles 吹灭蜡烛bring good luck to sb. 给某人带来好运cabbage and mutton dumplings白菜羊肉饺子cut up the noodles切碎面条eat very long noodles吃长寿面get popular受欢迎；流行have some specials有一些特色菜in different countries在不同国家in one go一口气in the beef soup 在牛肉汤里make a wish 许愿on one's birthday 在某人生日那天put a candy in a birthday cake把一颗糖果放入生日蛋糕中put on your glasses 戴上你的眼镜some mapo tofu with rice一些加饭的麻婆豆腐take one's order 点菜the answer to the question问题的答案the number of... ……的数量the person's age 这个人的年龄the same idea 相同的想法two medium bowls of beef soup两份中碗牛肉汤what size 什么尺寸二、重点句型1.—What kind of noodles would you like？　　　你想要哪种面条？—I'd like beef noodles, please.我想要牛肉面。2.—What size would you like？　　　　你想要多大碗的？—I'd like a medium bowl, please.我想要份中碗的。3.May I take your order？　　　　可以点菜了吗？4.—Would you like a large bowl of noodles？　　　　你要来一大碗面吗？—Yes, please./No, thanks.是的，谢谢。/不，谢谢。5.I'd like carrot and beef noodles.＝I'd like noodles with carrots and beef.我想要牛肉胡萝卜面。6.I'm not sure yet.我还没确定。7.We'd also like gongbao chicken and some mapo tofu with rice.我们还要宫保鸡丁，一些麻婆豆腐与米饭。8.They bring good luck to the birthday person.它们给过生日的人带来好运。9.What would people like to eat on their birthday？　　人们在生日那天想吃什么？10.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.如果他或她把所有蜡烛一次吹灭，愿望就会实现。11.The number of candles is the person's age.蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。12.Would you like to eat icecream or pancakes？　　　你想要吃冰淇淋还是煎饼？13.Would you like a big bowl for four yuan？　　　　你想要花4元来一大碗吗？三、词法精选1.People have birthday cakes with candles.人们吃带有蜡烛的生日蛋糕。(1)with意为“具有；带有”，表示伴随。如：①China is a country with a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。②The girl with long hair is my sister.那个留长发的姑娘是我妹妹/姐姐。(2)with还有“用；使用(工具、手段等)”的意思。如：①We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。②He is writing with a pencil.他正在用铅笔写字。2.chicken and tomato noodles 鸡肉西红柿面这是一个复合名词，由名词修饰名词，前面的名词不能加s，我们还可以用另外的表达方式：noodles with chicken and tomatoes或者chicken noodles with tomatoes。四、句法精析 1.What kind of food would you like?你想要什么样的食物？would like＝want，意为“想要”，would为情态动词，后面跟动词原形。结构：would like sth.想要某物，would like to do sth.想要做某事，would like sb.to do sth.想要某人去做某事。否定句：在would后加not, would not＝wouldn't。一般疑问句：把would提前，Would you like sth.? 你想要某物吗？这是礼貌而又委婉地询问对方要求时的用语。肯定回答：Yes, please./All right./Yes./OK.，否定回答：No,thanks.。Would you like some apples？是建议，some不用变成any。2.—What size bowl of noodles would you like?你想要多大碗的面条？—I'd like a large bowl.我要一大碗。what size 询问尺寸、大小，“多大尺寸；什么号码的”。如：—What size shoes would you like?你要多大号码的鞋？—I'd like size 38.我要38码的。a bowl of...“一碗……”；a big bowl of...“一大碗……”；a medium bowl of noodles “一中碗的面”。3.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.如果他或她一口气吹灭所有蜡烛，那么愿望将会实现。if引导条件状语从句，意为“假如；如果”。在复合句中如果主句用将来时，则 if 引导的状语从句用一般现在时。如：①If it doesn't rain, we will go to the park.如果天不下雨，我们将去公园。②If I see him, I will tell him.如果我见到他，我将会告诉他。4.In China, it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.在中国，你生日的时候吃蛋糕越来越流行。此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to have cake on your birthday。如：It is important to learn English well.学好英语是很重要的。五、语法精讲可数名词和不可数名词的用法本单元的可数名词：egg, apple, strawberry, orange, dumpling, drink, carrot,noodle, pancake本单元的不可数名词：rice，porridge, beef, mutton, juice, tea本单元既是可数又是不可数的名词：chicken，salad, icecream, cabbage, soup, fish, onion可数名词有单数、复数，可以用基数词修饰，也可以用some, any, many等词修饰；不可数名词没有单数也没有复数，可以用some, any, much等词修饰，如果要表示数量，可以用名词短语。如：a bag of milk (一袋牛奶), two glasses of water (两杯水)。 Unit 11 一、重点短语a boring day 无聊的一天all in all 总而言之along the way 沿路an exciting day 令人兴奋的一天be interested in robots 对机器人感兴趣climb mountains 爬山come out 出来feed chickens 喂鸡get there fast 很快到那里go fishing 去钓鱼go for a walk 去散步go on a school trip 参加学校郊游grow apples 种苹果in the countryside 在乡下learn a lot about farming 学到许多有关农业的知识milk a cow 给奶牛挤奶not...at all 根本不：一点儿也不on the slow train 在慢车上pick some strawberries摘些草莓quite a lot of flowers看到许多花ride a horse 骑马see some paintings 看到一些油画show sb.around sp.带领某人参观某地so much fun 如此多的乐趣take sth.home 把某物带回家visit a fire station 参观消防站visit a science museum参观科学博物馆watch the stars at night在晚上看星星walk to school on a rainy day在下雨天去往学校worry about sth. 担忧某事二、重点句型1.—How was your school trip？　　　　　　　　你的学校郊游怎么样？—It was great/excellent！　很棒！2.—What did you do yesterday？　　　　你昨天做了什么？—I went fishing yesterday.我昨天去钓鱼了。3.—Did you learn anything？　　　　你学到一些东西了吗？—Yes, I did./No, I didn't.是的，我学到了。/不，我没学到。4.—Were the strawberries good？　　　　草莓好吗？—Yes, they were.好的。5.Luckily, it didn't rain, and the sun came out again!幸运的是，天没有下雨，太阳又出来了！6.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.然后导游教我们如何制作机器人模型。7.I went to the gift shop and bought some lovely gifts for my parents.我去了礼品店，给我的父母买了一些可爱的礼物。8.All in all, it was an exciting day.总的来说，这是令人兴奋的一天。9.The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos.房间里真的很暗，照片很难拍。10.I couldn't really see or hear the guide.我真的无法看见导游也听不见他说的话。三、词法精选1.go fishing 钓鱼go＋v.­ing 通常用来表示去进行某项活动。如：go shopping 去购物， go swimming 去游泳， go boating 去划船， go skating 去滑冰。2.learn...about...关于……学到……learn...from...向……学习……如：①Ilearned a lot about robots.我学到许多关于机器人的知识。②Wemust learn from each other and help each other.我们必须相互学习，相互帮助。3.The guide taught us how to make a model robot.导游教我们怎样做一个模型机器人。teachsb.to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”，teach sb.how to do sth.意为“教某人如何做某事”。4.Everything was about robots and I'm not interestedin that.一切都是关于机器人的，我对那不感兴趣。interested是形容词，常用结构be interested in (doing) sth.意为“对(做)……感兴趣”。如：①Myfather is interested in history.我父亲对历史感兴趣。②Weare interested in drawing pictures.我们对画画感兴趣。四、句法精析 1.—How was your school trip? 你们学校的郊游活动开展得如何？—It was excellent.极好。trip通常指短途旅行、旅游或外出，后面可以接“介词to＋地点名词”。像goon/make/take a trip都可表示“出去旅行”，on a trip表示“在旅行期间”。如：Weare going on a bus trip to Hangzhou.我们将乘坐公共汽车去杭州旅行。2.What else did you do？你还做了什么事？else作形容词时，意为“别的；其他的”，常修饰疑问代词或不定代词，且位于这些词之后；作副词时，意为“其他；另外”，常位于疑问副词后。如：①Whatelse did she say about me?她还提到什么有关我的事情？②Whereelse can I get it?我还能在哪里得到它？③Didyou want anything else?你还要其他的东西吗？五、语法精讲一般过去时态一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,three days ago, just now, in 2013等以及与由when,before, after, until等引导的状语从句连用。谓语动词使用动词过去式。动词过去式变化规则：(1)一般在动词原形末尾直接加上­ed。如：look—looked(2)以字母e结尾的动词，直接加­d。如：live—lived(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed。如：stop—stopped(4)末尾以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加­ed。如：study—studied(5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆，如：am(is)—was, are—were, go—went, have—had等。一般过去时的相关句式：肯定句：Jim often came to visitme on weekends last year.去年，吉姆经常在周末来看望我。否定句：They didn't go to themuseum last Sunday.上个星期天他们没去博物馆。一般疑问句：Did you take any photosin the zoo? 你在动物园里照相了吗？回答：Yes, I did./No, Ididn't.是的，我照了。/不，我没有照。 Unit 12一、重点短语1.a baby mouse 一只幼鼠2.a family of mice 老鼠一家3.a second language 第二语言4.at the Natural History Museum在自然历史博物馆5.camp by the lake 在湖边野营6.climb onto one's back 爬上某人的背7.do something interesting做点有趣的事8.feed some sheep 喂羊 9.finish high school 中学毕业10.fly a kite 放风筝11.get a surprise 吃惊12.go boating 去划船 13.go camping 野营14.go to the beach 去海滩15.keep sb.warm 使某人保持暖和16.kind of tired 有点累17.living habits 生活习惯18.look out of the tent 向帐篷外看19.make a fire 生火20.move into the forest 进入森林21.over 200 kinds of butterflies 22.200多种蝴蝶23.play badminton 打羽毛球24.put up our tents 搭我们的帐篷25.read a book about history读一本关于历史的书26.run away 跑开27.see an interesting talk show看一个有趣的脱口秀28.shout at sb.冲某人大声叫嚷(带有感情色彩)29.shout to sb.对某人大声喊叫(不带感情色彩)30.sit under the moon 坐在月光下31.start to jump up and down开始跳上跳下32.stay up late 熬夜33.take a long bus ride乘很长时间的公交车34.take us to India 带我们去印度35.two weeks ago 两星期之前36.wake sb.up 叫醒某人37.work as a guide 做导游工作二、重点句型 1.I stayed up late to watch the soccer game.我熬夜看足球赛到很晚。2.Where did you go last weekend？　　　　上个周末你去了哪里？3.As a special gift, our parents took us to India.作为一份特殊的礼物，父母带我们去了印度。4.We made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on.我们生火来取暖并用来烧食物吃。5.We saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.　　　我们看到一条大蛇正躺在篝火旁。6.I was so scared that I couldn't move.我是那么害怕，以至于一动都不敢动。7.We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger.我们大声喊我们的父母，想让他们知道危险所在。8.Snakes don't have ears but can feel things moving.蛇没有耳朵，但能够感觉到东西的移动。9.This was a very useful lesson for me.这对我来说是很有用的一课。10.It was important not to go near a snake.　　　　不要靠近一条蛇是很重要的。三、词法精选1.play badminton 打羽毛球(1)play＋运动(球类)名词：play soccer, play tennis, play sports(不加冠词)(2)play the＋乐器：play the guitar(需加冠词)(3)play with＋名词/代词，“和某人/物玩耍；玩弄……”：play with a ball 玩球(4)play＋娱乐活动：play chess 下棋(不加冠词)2.work as 担当；从事如：①He works as a cook in a school.他在学校当厨师。②I worked as a guide at the Natural History Museum.我在自然历史博物馆当导游。3.We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger.我们大声向父母喊，目的是让他们知道危险。(1)shout to意为“朝某人大喊”，shout at意为“对某人大声嚷嚷”。如：Don't shout at the old people.不要对老年人大声嚷嚷。(2)let sb.do意 为“让某人做某事”，let后面的动词不定式要省略to。如：Let's go home.让我们回家。四、句法精析 1.How interesting！多有趣啊！此句是感叹句。感叹句结构：How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！/What＋形容词＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：How interesting (the trip is)！＝What an interesting trip (it is)！这次的旅行多有趣啊！2.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.但是，我是如此的累以至于很早就去睡觉了。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，so后跟形容词或副词，that后引出结果状语从句。如：①I was so excited at that time that I didn't go to sleep.那时我是如此的兴奋以至于睡不着觉。②The book is so popular that everyone wants to read it.这本书是如此的受欢迎以至于每个人都想读。3.We saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.我们看见一条大蛇在火堆旁边睡觉。(1)see是感官动词， see sb./sth.do sth.意为“看到某人或某物做了某事”。see后面的动词不定式省略to，表示看到动作的全过程或者这个动作已经结束。如：①I often see him draw pictures.我经常看到他画画。②I saw him come into the classroom.我看到他走进了教室。(2)see sb./sth.doing sth.意为“看到某人或某物正做某事”，表示看到时动作正在进行。如：I saw him drawing.我看到他正在画画。五、语法精讲一般过去时的特殊疑问句(1)含有实义动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：①—What did you do last night?你昨晚做了什么？—I did my homework.我做了家庭作业。②—Where did you go last week?你上个星期去了哪里？—I went to Shanghai with my parents.我和父母去了上海。但是如果疑问词作主语，那么语序是陈述语序，就不必做变化了。如：—Who taught you English last year?去年谁教你们英语？—Miss Li did.李老师。(可以用简短回答：主语＋助动词)(2)含有be动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋其他？如：①—Where were you last night?你们昨晚在哪里？—We were at my uncle's house.我们在叔叔家。②—How was your weekend?你周末过得怎么样？—It was great.很好。